TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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There are several advantages to X-ray sources over radioactive isotopes. There is no source decay that would otherwise require costly replacement of the radioactive source.  1, record 1, English, - source%20decay

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Así pues, dicha dosis declarada con corrección de profundidad se modificó para que incluyera el factor de desintegración de la fuente de cobalto correspondiente a unos dos meses [...]  1, record 1, Spanish, - desintegraci%C3%B3n%20de%20la%20fuente

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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The distance between the source of the X-ray beam(the tube target) and the IR [image receptor] is referred to as the source-image distance(SID). This distance is a prime factor of exposure because it affects the intensity of the X-ray beam.  1, record 2, English, - source%2Dimage%20distance

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Distancia entre el punto focal y la superficie del receptor de imagen.  1, record 2, Spanish, - distancia%20fuente%2Dimagen

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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... the distance between the source of the x-ray beams... and the film.  5, record 3, English, - source%2Dfilm%20distance

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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Distance entre la source de radiation et le film [...]  1, record 3, French, - distance%20source%2Dfilm

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

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[La penumbra de una radiografía] se minimiza manteniendo corta la distancia película-objeto, el haz de radiación angosto y grande la distancia fuente-película.  1, record 3, Spanish, - distancia%20fuente%2Dpel%C3%ADcula

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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A spherical grating matches the wave front of a point x-ray source very well, allowing the perpendicular incidence of x-rays on the grating to achieve a higher visibility over a larger field of view than the planer grating counterpart.  2, record 4, English, - spherical%20grating

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ionizing radiation present in the environment that originates from a man-made source, such as X-ray machines and nuclear power plants.  4, record 5, English, - artificial%20radiation

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rayonnement ionisant présent dans l'environnement qui est produit par des sources artificielles (non naturelles), comme les appareils à rayons X et les centrales nucléaires.  4, record 5, French, - rayonnement%20artificiel

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A higher than normal energy level(vibrational frequency) of the electrons of an atom, radical, or molecule resulting from absorption of photons(quanta) from a radiation source(arc, flame, spark, etc.) in any wavelength of the electromagnetic spectrum. X-ray, ultraviolet, visible, infrared, microwave, and radiofrequencies are typically used for excitation in various types of spectroscopy.  4, record 6, English, - excited%20state

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

En physique quantique, état instable d'une molécule ou d'un atome présentant plus d'énergie que l'état fondamental par suite du saut d'un électron à un niveau supérieur.  2, record 6, French, - %C3%A9tat%20excit%C3%A9

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Une molécule ou un atome est plus réactif à l'état excité qu'à l'état fondamental. L'état excité de l'atome d'oxygène, dans les réactions de création et de destruction de l'ozone, se note 0(1D).  2, record 6, French, - %C3%A9tat%20excit%C3%A9

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Estado] de un átomo u otro sistema que, por haber recibido energía exterior pasa a un nivel energético superior al de su estado fundamental o normal.  1, record 6, Spanish, - estado%20excitado

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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An average power of 1 mW at 46. 9 nm was generated by a discharge soft X-ray laser, and the first phase-matched HHG source has produced X-ray pulses with an energy of >0. 2 nJ per harmonic order at 1 Khz repetition rate.  2, record 7, English, - soft%20X%2Dray%20laser

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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Laser dont la longueur d'onde est située entre 100 et 200 angströms.  2, record 7, French, - laser%20%C3%A0%20rayons%20x%20mous

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Les rayons x mous ne sont pas fortement destructeurs, et un laser à rayons x mous serait l'instrument idéal pour l'observation de cellules vivantes à des fins biologiques et médicales.  3, record 7, French, - laser%20%C3%A0%20rayons%20x%20mous

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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X-ray equipment & sealed source analysis equipment...  1, record 8, English, - sealed%20source%20analysis

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'analyse utilisant les sources scellées est moins répandue. On peut signaler celle de sources d'américium 241 qui produit des g servant à l'analyse par fluorescence X.  1, record 8, French, - analyse%20utilisant%20les%20sources%20scell%C3%A9es

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[An apron] used in medical facilities to protect workers and patients from unnecessary radiation exposure from diagnostic radiology procedures.  2, record 9, English, - protective%20apron

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Protective clothing worn by radiographers contains lead and often other metals (e.g., tin, tungsten, antimony, barium) to shield the wearer from radiation. These metals are homogeneously mixed with synthetic rubber or polyvinyl chloride (PVC). Between two and five thin sheets of metal-impregnated rubber/PVC are placed between sheets of nylon fabric coated with urethane on the side against the lead-impregnated rubber/vinyl. The materials are cut into a pattern and sewn together to form the protective garment. The manufacturers of these garments vary the number of sheets, the percentage of metal, the grade of rubber or PVC, and the mixture of metals to affect flexibility, durability, radiation absorption efficiency, and weight.  2, record 9, English, - protective%20apron

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Protective lead aprons and thyroid shields contain lead to shield the wearer from radiation. Lead aprons and thyroid shields are placed between the person being protected and the x-ray source(for example, radiographic or fluoroscopic x-ray units, CT scanners, DEXA scanners). X rays are more likely to interact with large atoms(atoms with lots of protons and electrons) than they are with smaller atoms, and lead, tungsten, and even gold are examples of large atoms that can be used. Each time an x ray interacts, it uses some or all of its energy to knock electrons in the atoms around. When all of the energy is used up interacting with atoms, the x ray ceases to exist.  2, record 9, English, - protective%20apron

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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Pièce de caoutchouc plombeux souple, en forme de tablier, servant à protéger le thorax et l'abdomen [...] des rayonnements ionisants.  1, record 9, French, - tablier%20de%20protection

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Sa protection équivaut à une feuille de plomb de 0,25 ou 0,50 mm d'épaisseur. Son poids le rend difficile à porter en raison des bretelles et on lui préfère [...] la chasuble.  3, record 9, French, - tablier%20de%20protection

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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In the summer of 1962, an X-ray detector on a sounding rocket was flown. The goal of this flight was originally to detect X-ray fluorescence of the moon due to the Sun's wind; it failed to detect such emission from the moon. However, the detector serendipitously discovered extra solar X-rays from a source named Scorpius X-1(the first X-ray source seen in the constellation Scorpio).  1, record 10, English, - extra%20solar%20X%2Drays

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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La première détection de rayons X extra-solaires date du 18 juin 1962, par les américains Riccardo Giacconi et Bruno Rossi.  2, record 10, French, - rayons%2DX%20extra%2Dsolaires

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Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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An apparatus for moving an x-ray source in one direction as the film is moved in the opposite direction, thus showing in detail a predetermined plane of tissue while blurring or eliminating detail in other planes.  3, record 11, English, - tomograph

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Positron emission tomography (PET) or computed tomography (CT) scan is done as a procedure to find out malignant growth or to evaluate the effect of treatment on an already diagnosed malignant growth. In this process a tracer like fluorodeoxyglucose is injected in the body that can be traced with the help of the tomography machine.  2, record 11, English, - tomograph

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil d'imagerie en coupe des radionucléides émetteurs de positons.  2, record 11, French, - tomographe

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le service d'imagerie nucléaire de l'hôpital Laennec de Creil sera équipé d'un tomographe à positons dès le mois de mai prochain. Cet équipement d'imagerie médicale de dernière génération permet le diagnostic précoce des maladies cancéreuses.  1, record 11, French, - tomographe

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

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[A] device intended to transport and/or position a radiographic image receptor between the X-ray source and fluoroscopic image receptor, including a device intended to hold a cassette over the input end of an image intensifier for the purpose of making a radiograph.  1, record 12, English, - spot%20film%20device

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

acoustic intensity is the average rate of flow of sound energy through unit area, or the average of the instantaneous power flow through unit area.  1, record 13, English, - unit%20area

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

This source of noise is governed by the Poisson probability law which is based on the fact that the number of x-rays per unit area of the x-ray beam fluctuates continually at every location in the beam.  2, record 13, English, - unit%20area

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

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[l'intensité sonore] est le flux d'énergie qui passe par seconde par l'unité de surface.  1, record 13, French, - unit%C3%A9%20de%20surface

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

X-ray powder diffraction is used in the identification of crystalline phases in unknown samples, finding the lattice parameter and other lattice related information, quantitative determination of phases in multiphase samples, finding the orientation in single crystals, and stereographic projections. The samples must be crystalline solids such as metals, ceramics, rocks etc. These samples are usually about 1 mg in size. If the sample fits in the sample holder then there is no preparation necessary otherwise the sample may have to be crushed in order to fit. The sample takes less than one hour to be analyzed for qualitative analysis in major phases and up to 16 hours for trace phases. The quantitative analysis can take several minutes to several hours after set up. There are several detectors used in XRPD varying from films to cameras to diffractometers.  1, record 14, English, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Powder X-Ray Diffraction. Powders of crystalline materials diffract X-Rays. A beam of X-rays passing through a sample of randomly-oriented micro-crystals produces a pattern of rings on a distant screen. Powder X-Ray diffraction provides less information than single-crystal diffraction, however, it is much simpler and faster. Powder X-Ray diffraction is useful for confirming the identity of a solid material and determining crystallinity and phase purity. Modern powder X-Ray diffractometers consist of an X-Ray source, a movable sample platform, an X-Ray detector, and associated computer-controlled electronics. The sample is either packed into a shallow cup-shaped holder or deposited as a slurry onto a quartz substrate, and the sample holder spins slowly during the experiment to reduce sample heating. The X-Ray source is usually the same as used in single-crystal diffractometers, Mo or Cu. The X-Ray beam is fixed and the sample platform rotates with respect to the beam by an angle theta. The detector rotates at twice the rate of the sample and is at an angle of 2 theta with respect to the incoming X-Ray beam.  4, record 14, English, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Fine particles such as clays must be separated from larger particles and measured separately if they are to be detected properly. To reduce errors associated with preferred orientation of minerals, samples are most commonly ground to a powder before analysis, a technique known as powder X-ray diffraction.  4, record 14, English, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 4 CONT

X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) is a direct method for qualitative and quantitative characterization of fine-grained materials such as clinker and cement, and may also be used for analysis of raw materials. Each phase produces a unique diffraction pattern independent of others, with the intensity of each pattern proportional to that phases concentration in a mixture.  5, record 14, English, - x%2Dray%20powder%20diffraction

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

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Diffraction de rayons sur poudres : analyse quantitative de composés modèles du ciment anhydre. [...] Ce stage sera consacré à la caractérisation par diffraction des rayons X de mélanges d'alites de synthèse M1 et M3. La méthode expérimentale utilisée sera la diffraction des rayons X sur poudres jointe aux autres méthodes de laboratoire associées.  1, record 14, French, - diffraction%20de%20rayons%20X%20sur%20poudres

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

À l'aide de la diffraction de rayons X de poudres, différentes formes polymorphiques peuvent être détectées pour des molécules à activité pharmacologique.  2, record 14, French, - diffraction%20de%20rayons%20X%20sur%20poudres

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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X-ray welding of metal-matrix composites.... X-rays with energies in the range 3-200 keV have penetration lengths on the order of 0. 001-50 mm for various materials. Therefore, they have the potential for use as a volumetric heating source, provided a sufficiently intense source of x-rays is available. Until recently this was not possible. However, with the advent of third-generation synchrotron radiation sources, tunable x-rays with power densities greater than 10⁴ W/cm² in a 1-2 mm spot can be produced with the use of insertion devices. At such high power levels, localized melting and even vaporization can be induced in a number of materials. If these x-ray beams can be utilized in a controlled manner, they have the potential for use as welding sources for classes of materials that have eluded conventional welding approaches.  1, record 15, English, - X%2Dray%20welding

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

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soudage par rayons X : terme proposé par l'Institut de soudage du Québec et par le Bureau canadien du soudage.  1, record 15, French, - soudage%20par%20rayons%20X

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

soudage par faisceau de rayons X : terme proposé par le Bureau canadien du soudage et selon lui, terme descriptif plus juste.  1, record 15, French, - soudage%20par%20rayons%20X

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

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The XMM-Newton [X-ray Multi-Mirror Mission] Survey Science Centre(SSC) has responsibilities within the XMM-Newton project in four main areas : the follow-up/identification programme for the XMM-Newton serendipitous X-ray sky survey : the XID Programme; the compilation of the XMM-Newton Serendipitous Source Catalogue; the "pipe-line processing" of all XMM-Newton observations; the development of science analysis software for XMM-Newton.  2, record 16, English, - survey%20science%20centre

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Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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The ESA scientific mission INTEGRAL(The International Gamma-Ray Astrophysics Laboratory is dedicated to the fine spectroscopy(E/E=500) and fine imaging(angular resolution : 12 arcmin FWHM) of celestial gamma-ray sources in the energy range 15 keV to 10 MeV with concurrent source monitoring in the X-ray(3-35 keV) and optical(V-band, 550 nm) energy ranges.  2, record 17, English, - International%20Gamma%20Ray%20Astrophysics%20Laboratory

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

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Les préparatifs de la mission INTEGRAL - observatoire international du rayonnement Gamma de l'Agence spatiale européenne (ESA) - et la participation de l'Irlande à ce projet seront présentés lors d'une conférence de presse organisée le 4 octobre prochain (à partir de 12h00) à Dublin par la Royal Irish Academy (RIA - 19 Dawson Street,Dublin 2), Enterprise Ireland et l'ESA.  2, record 17, French, - Observatoire%20international%20du%20rayonnement%20gamma

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

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Figure 1... shows the principle of laminography, a synchronized motion between an X-ray source and a detector generating an geometric focus plane and forms an X-ray slice image of that. Objects in the focal plane are always projected at the same position of the detector. On the other hand, those that are not in the focal plane are projected to other positions of the detector and thus are blurred as the source and detector move in a complete circle. Thus the "noise" from the materials above and below the focal plane is eliminated when all the images on the detectors are overlapped.  2, record 18, English, - laminography

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 PHR

X-ray laminography.  3, record 18, English, - laminography

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique d'imagerie consistant à obtenir l'image d'un plan privilégié à l'intérieur d'un objet à partir de plusieurs images radiographiques prises sous des angles différents.  2, record 18, French, - laminographie

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La laminographie est un cas particulier de la tomosynthèse dans lequel la source de rayons X, au lieu de se déplacer autour de l'objet, se déplace dans un plan parallèle au plan que l'on veut examiner. Comme la tomosynthèse, c'est une méthode de contrôle non destructif moins coûteuse que la tomographie tridimensionnelle classique.  2, record 18, French, - laminographie

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Station de laminographie.  3, record 18, French, - laminographie

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

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The head holder used in cephalometric radiography to orient the patient in relation to the X-ray source and film holder; it usually includes a set of ear rods, an orbital pointer and a nose rest.  1, record 19, English, - cephalostat

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Film-screen mammography is an imaging procedure utilizing a low-energy x-ray beam and suitable recording media for the diagnosis of disease of the breast, most importantly carcinoma.(Source : Breast Imaging Services : Mammography. Ottawa : National Health and Welfare, Health Services Directorate, 1986, p. 6).  2, record 22, English, - film%2Dscreen%20mammography

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les films avec écrans: Afin de diminuer dans la mesure du possible l'irradiation délivrée à l'occasion d'un examen radiologique du sein plusieurs fabricants proposent depuis quelques années des systèmes couplant un film sensible et un écran renforçateur contenus dans une cassette spéciale.  2, record 22, French, - mammographie%20sur%20film%20avec%20%C3%A9cran

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

X-ray binary. The most common type of luminous galactic x-ray source, involving a close binary system in which gas flows(via the inner Lagrangian point) or blows(by a strong stellar wind) from a normal nondegenerate star on to a compact companion. For the most luminous sources,... this companion is probably a neutron star or black hole;...  1, record 23, English, - compact%20companion

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ultérieurement, l'étoile à neutrons n'est quasiment pas détectable. De pareils systèmes d'étoiles brillantes avec un compagnon compact sont appelés des "systèmes dormants".  1, record 23, French, - compagnon%20compact

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish