TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Managerial belief that subordinates are people who like their work, are creative, and want additional responsibilities; as a result, Theory Y managers use the democratic managerial approach.  4, record 1, English, - theory%20Y

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Physical and mental effort at work is as normal as it is at rest and at play. Man will control and direct himself in order to reach shared objectives, meaning that external control and threats are not the only way of ensuring effort. Commitment to objectives goes hand in hand with the rewards obtained upon reaching them. The average person can learn not only to accept, but also to seek greater responsibility. The capacity for imagination and creativity is widely spread within the population. In the modern industrial world, the intellectual potential of the average person is only partially used.  5, record 1, English, - theory%20Y

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Theory Y : term and definition reproduced from the CAPITAL Business Dictionary with the permission of LID Editorial Empresarial.  6, record 1, English, - theory%20Y

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Théorie affirmant que l'employé est fondamentalement motivé et que le rôle de la direction se limite à créer les conditions nécessaires à l'expression de sa créativité.  2, record 1, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20Y

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] McGregor propose une théorie appuyée sur des hypothèses plus en rapport avec la nature des hommes et avec leurs motivations, la théorie Y. Elle se fonde sur les hypothèses suivantes : a) La direction est responsable de l'organisation des ressources de l'entreprise [...] afin de réaliser ses fins économiques [...] b) Les hommes ne sont pas, par nature, passifs, et opposés aux buts et aux objectifs de l'entreprise; c) La motivation, la faculté de se développer, l'acceptation et la recherche de responsabilités sont des caractéristiques humaines; d) L'imagination, l'ingéniosité, la créativité sont des qualités répandues; e) La première tâche de la direction est donc de créer les conditions et de mettre en œuvre les méthodes de travail qui permettent aux individus de mieux atteindre leurs fins propres tout en orientant leurs efforts vers les objectifs de l'entreprise (fusion).  3, record 1, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20Y

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Conjunto de hipótesis propuestas por McGregor por oposición a su teoría X, que considera corroboradas por los últimos estudios y que aseguran una mayor motivación de los subordinados. Las hipótesis son las siguientes: el esfuerzo físico y mental en el trabajo es tan normal como en el juego o el descanso; el hombre se autocontrolará y se autodirigirá para conseguir objetivos que comparte, por lo que el control externo y las amenazas no son la única forma de lograr esfuerzos; el compromiso con los objetivos es función de las recompensas asociadas con su logro; el hombre medio puede aprender no sólo a aceptar, sino a buscar mayor responsabilidad; la capacidad de imaginación y creatividad está ampliamente distribuida entre la población; en la vida industrial moderna el potencial intelectual del hombre medio está sólo parcialmente utilizado.  2, record 1, Spanish, - teor%C3%ADa%20Y

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Según] la Ortografía académica, los nombres de las teorías científicas se escriben con minúscula: modelo estándar, teoría de la gran unificación, teoría de cuerdas, teoría de la relatividad.  3, record 1, Spanish, - teor%C3%ADa%20Y

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Teoría Y: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  4, record 1, Spanish, - teor%C3%ADa%20Y

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Set of hypotheses on the subject of human behaviour that, in the opinion of McGregor, characterise bad managers. These are : the average man avoids work if he can because he does not like it. The majority of people need to be controlled and threatened with punishment before they make an adequate effort. The average person prefers to be lead, avoids responsibility, is not ambitious enough and prefers security. The opposite is the Y Theory, also explained by Douglas McGregor in his book "The Human Side of Enterprise"(1960).  4, record 2, English, - theory%20X

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Douglas McGregor ... believed that much of the failure of the human relations approach as it was actually applied in industry stemmed from the fact that most managers worked on what he called "Theory X" ...  5, record 2, English, - theory%20X

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Managerial belief that subordinates dislike their work, are lazy, and need to be directed; as a result, Theory X managers use the autocratic managerial approach.  6, record 2, English, - theory%20X

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Theory X: term and definition reproduced from the CAPITAL Business Dictionary with the permission of LID Editorial Empresarial.  7, record 2, English, - theory%20X

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Théorie affirmant que l'employé est fondamentalement passif et que c'est à la direction d'orienter ses efforts.  2, record 2, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20X

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Douglas McGregor, en 1960, a proposé une analyse de deux types de direction sous le nom de «théorie X» et de «théorie Y» [...] La théorie X s'appuie sur trois hypothèses fondamentales : a) la direction est responsable de l'organisation des ressources de l'entreprise [...] afin de réaliser ses fins économiques. b) En ce qui concerne les hommes, la direction oriente leurs efforts, les motive, contrôle leurs actions, modifie leurs attitudes afin de les adapter aux besoins de l'entreprise. c) Sans cette intervention de la direction, les individus restent passifs, vis-à-vis des besoins de l'entreprise. Les employés doivent être convaincus, récompensés, punis, contraints, contrôlés, si l'on veut lutter contre leur aversion innée pour le travail.  3, record 2, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20X

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Conjunto de hipótesis sobre el comportamiento humano que, en opinión de McGregor, caracterizan a los malos directores. Son las siguientes: el hombre medio evita trabajar si puede, porque no le gusta; la mayoría de la gente debe ser controlada y amenazada con castigos para que se esfuerce adecuadamente; el hombre medio prefiere ser dirigido, evita la responsabilidad, no es demasiado ambicioso y prefiere la seguridad. Su opuesto es la teoría Y, explicadas ambas por Douglas McGregor en su obra "The Human Side of Enterprise" (1960).  2, record 2, Spanish, - teor%C3%ADa%20X

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Según] la Ortografía académica, los nombres de las teorías científicas se escriben con minúscula: modelo estándar, teoría de la gran unificación, teoría de cuerdas, teoría de la relatividad.  3, record 2, Spanish, - teor%C3%ADa%20X

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Teoría X: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  4, record 2, Spanish, - teor%C3%ADa%20X

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Md=kPY where the demand for money is a function of nominal income, i. e. the P level times real income Y, and where k is the assumed stable or constant proportion of nominal income held as cash. Given that k was treated as a constant and the money supply M was exogenously determined by the monetary authority, the Cambridge equation could be expressed as a theory of nominal income.  3, record 3, English, - Cambridge%20equation

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Alfred Marshall de l'école de Cambridge a reformulé la théorie quantitative de la monnaie en théorie de la demande de monnaie par l'introduction de son équation connue sous le nom "d'équation des encaisses" ou "équation de Cambridge" : Md = KPY. La demande de monnaie en termes réels (Md) est proportionnelle au revenu réel (Y). Le coefficient (K) est une propension psychologique, c'est le désir de conserver des encaisses. Md doit être associé aux conditions de l'équilibre du marché monétaire de sorte que : Md = Mo = KPY. Cette équation énonce qu'à court terme, il y a un lien de causalité entre l'offre de monnaie et les prix.  2, record 3, French, - %C3%A9quation%20de%20Cambridge

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Principio teórico de todo el posterior pensamiento monetario.  2, record 3, Spanish, - ecuaci%C3%B3n%20cuantitativa

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As evidence builds that the Theory Y model of management, built on commitment and involvement, is far more successful in the workplace than the bureaucratic and authoritarian Theory X model, organizations seek new and more specific guidance in how to reinvent themselves into the Theory Y mode. Schuster outlines a step-by-step process to transform management theory into practice--he calls it Strategy A.  1, record 4, English, - authoritarian%20theory

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A theory; sometimes called Theory Y, that the development of self-control is the critical element in a working organization. The classical organization theory is called Theory X.  1, record 5, English, - integrative%20organization%20theory

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Note: Term defined in a specialized glossary of psychometrics.  2, record 5, English, - integrative%20organization%20theory

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

McGregor's theory that behind every management decision is a set of assumptions that a manager makes about human behavior. The Theory X manager assumes that people are lazy, dislike work, want no responsibility, and prefer to be closely directed. The Theory Y manager assumes(...) [the contrary].  1, record 6, English, - Theory%20X%20%2D%20Theory%20Y

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish