TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

BCGA Mission : To increase public awareness of the value of goats and goat producers, disseminate information about breeds of goats and their care, and encourage young people with their involvement with goats and 4-H [Head, Heart, Hands, Health] clubs.  1, record 1, English, - British%20Columbia%20Goat%20Association

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

He has 50 head of cattle. The term "cattle" is used only with a plural verb or pronoun, e. g. The cattle ARE grazing in the field. Group : a bow, bunch, creaght, draft, drift, drive, drove, flote, head, herd, lot, team/yoke(oxen) ;a booly(a company of herdsmen wandering with their cattle) ;a dairy(milch cows) of cattle. Male : bull, ox, steer. Female : cow. Young : calf, stirk, bullock(male), heifer(female). Cry : bulls bellow, cows low.  2, record 2, English, - cattle

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Groupe : un troupeau de bœufs. Mâle : bœuf, taureau. Femelle : vache, génisse, taure. Petit : veau, taurillon. Cri : beugler, meugler.  2, record 2, French, - b%26oelig%3Buf

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Simpson’s Obstetrical Forceps ... Developed in 1848 by Dr. James Simpson of Edinburgh, these forceps were a combination of features from earlier models. He retained the finger rests and deep finger depressions in the handle and connected the forceps with a notched joint.  4, record 3, English, - Simpson%20forceps

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

James Young Simpson(1842) adapted the design of forceps to include a prominent pelvic curve with parallel shanks and an articulating lock. The space created with the divergence of the shanks allows for finger positioning and control of the molded head of the fetus. They have an elongated and flattened cephalic curve, which provides minimal trauma in traction, and are best suited to deliveries witout need of major rotation.  4, record 3, English, - Simpson%20forceps

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The credit for the invention of the precursor of the modern forceps to be used on live infants goes to Peter Chamberlen of England (circa 1600). Modifications have led to more than 700 different types and shapes of forceps. In 1745, William Smellie described the accurate application to the occiput, rather than the previously performed pelvic application, regardless of the position of the head. In 1845, Sir James Simpson developed a forceps that was designed to appropriately fit both cephalic curvatures and pelvic curvatures. In 1920, Joseph DeLee further modified that instrument and advocated the prophylactic forceps delivery. In an era in which many women labored and delivered under heavy sedation, forceps deliveries became common. ... When forceps deliveries are performed, Simpson forceps... is the instrument most commonly used for outlet- and low-forceps deliveries.  1, record 3, English, - Simpson%20forceps

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Elliot forceps are used for the unmolded head while Simpsons forceps are used for the molded head. Specialized forceps include rotational forceps such as Kielland, Barton, and Piper forceps (for the after-coming head of a breech).  5, record 3, English, - Simpson%20forceps

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 OBS

In medical eponyms, the possessive form, such as "Simpson’s forceps", often disappears over the years. For that reason, the written forms "Simpson’s forceps" and "Simpson’s obstetrical forceps" are also found.  6, record 3, English, - Simpson%20forceps

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Forceps utilisé en obstétrique afin de réduire la pression exercée sur la tête fœtale.  4, record 3, French, - forceps%20de%20Simpson

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les forceps anglais (Smellie, Davis, Simpson, Barnes) ont une articulation par emboîtement : la branche gauche présente une sorte d'encoche, des fourche, dans laquelle est reçue la partie articulaire de la branche droite.  3, record 3, French, - forceps%20de%20Simpson

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Avec l'usage, il arrive que le nom de l'inventeur ne soit plus utilisé comme complément de nom, mais soit mis en apposition et se comporte, dès lors, comme un adjectif de relation. On parlera alors de «forceps Simpson» et non plus de «forceps de Simpson».  2, record 3, French, - forceps%20de%20Simpson

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Concerns] over concussions — and their long-term effects on players — are more serious than ever according to irrefutable proof detailed in a study [that] reveals [that] after examining [the] brains of 111 deceased football players, all but one showed signs of chronic traumatic encephalopathy, or CTE. The degenerative brain disease, caused by repeated head hits, is marked by memory loss, depression, and even suicide.  2, record 4, English, - chronic%20traumatic%20encephalopathy

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In CTE, a protein called Tau forms clumps that slowly spread throughout the brain, killing brain cells. CTE has been seen in people as young as 17, but symptoms do not generally begin appearing until years after the onset of head impacts.  3, record 4, English, - chronic%20traumatic%20encephalopathy

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des traces de l'ETC, une maladie qui peut être diagnostiquée seulement après un décès, ont été retrouvées dans les cerveaux de dizaines d'anciens joueurs [de football]. Reliée à des traumatismes répétitifs au cerveau, la maladie est associée à des symptômes comme la perte de mémoire, un jugement confus, la dépression et, éventuellement, une démence progressive.  2, record 4, French, - enc%C3%A9phalopathie%20traumatique%20chronique

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A comparatively new vegetable in the U. S., celtuce has been grown in China for many years. This type has an enlarged stem and no head. The leaves are not palatable, as those of other types, except possibly while they are young and tender. It is grown principally for its large, fleshy stems which are peeled and eaten raw or cooked. Its flavor is a combination of celery and lettuce, from which it derives its name.  2, record 5, English, - celtuce

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Stem lettuce is an ingredient of many Chinese dishes. Celtuce is the only variety offered for sale in the United States.  2, record 5, English, - celtuce

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Laitue celtuce [...] Variété ressemblant à un croisement de céleri et de laitue, cultivée en Chine pour sa tige au cœur tendre. Les feuilles peuvent aussi être consommées à l'instar de la laitue lorsqu'elles sont encore jeunes. Quand la tige atteint entre 30 et 45 cm de longueur, on la coupe et on retire la pelure. Le cœur de la tige est ensuite consommé frais, tel quel ou en salade - ou encore cuit, comme on le fait en Chine. Saveur de laitue-concombre.  3, record 5, French, - laitue%2Dasperge

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «cèleri».  5, record 5, French, - laitue%2Dasperge

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

cèleri : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  6, record 5, French, - laitue%2Dasperge

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Summer fruit tortrix moth....-Adult : wingspan 17 to 19 mm in the male, 19 to 22 mm in the female. Head and thorax beige. Fore-wings of male reddish yellow ochre with rust-coloured pattern in the shape of an oblique median strip widening out into a triangular shape at the base. In the female, brownish colour with darker pattern. Hind wings light grey in the male, and brown-grey in the female...-Larva : 18 to 22 mm. Greenish yellow to olive green. Head and thoracic plate glossy brown in the young caterpillar, turning honey-yellow later. Thoracic legs light brown/chestnut.  3, record 6, English, - summer%20fruit%20tortrix%20moth

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Host plants: the caterpillar can develop on many species of forest tree, but prefers apple or, secondarily, pear, cherry, plum, or apricot and red currant.  3, record 6, English, - summer%20fruit%20tortrix%20moth

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[The] preferred scientific name [is] Adoxophyes orana.  4, record 6, English, - summer%20fruit%20tortrix%20moth

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tordeuse Capua de la pelure. [...] - Adulte : 17 à 19 mm d'envergure pour le mâle, 19 à 22 mm pour la femelle. Tête et thorax beiges. Ailes antérieures du mâle jaune ocre rougeâtre avec des dessins roux qui forment une bande médiane oblique s'élargissant en une tache triangulaire à la base. Chez la femelle, coloration brunâtre avec des dessins plus ternes. Ailes postérieures gris clair chez le mâle et gris brun chez la femelle [...] - Larve : 18 à 22 mm. Jaune verdâtre à vert olive. Tête et plaque thoracique brun brillant chez la jeune chenille puis jaune miel. Pattes thoraciques brun clair.  2, record 6, French, - tordeuse%20de%20la%20pelure

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La tordeuse de la pelure, plus communément appelée capua (Adoxophyes orana), est un ravageur secondaire en vergers des pommiers et poiriers, parfois de cerisiers et pruniers, mais qui vit également aux dépens de nombreuses autres plantes-hôtes.  1, record 6, French, - tordeuse%20de%20la%20pelure

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le nom scientifique le plus utilisé est Adoxophyes orana.  3, record 6, French, - tordeuse%20de%20la%20pelure

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Aboriginal Head Start(AHS) in Urban and Northern Program is a Health Canada-funded early intervention program focused on meeting the early developmental needs of young Aboriginal children living in urban centres and large northern communities.  2, record 7, English, - Aboriginal%20Head%20Start

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Programme d'aide préscolaire aux Autochtones (PAPA) dans les collectivités urbaines et nordiques est un programme d'intervention précoce financé par Santé Canada qui a pour but de répondre aux besoins de développement des jeunes enfants autochtones vivant dans les centres urbains et les grandes collectivités du nord.  2, record 7, French, - Programme%20d%27aide%20pr%C3%A9scolaire%20aux%20Autochtones

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A wooden contrivance fastened on a young horse's back in the position of a saddle, and from which reins are passed to the mouth in such a way that the head is placed in any position desired.  1, record 8, English, - dumb%2Djockey

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sellette munie de tringles auxquelles on adapte les rênes pour le dressage des chevaux.  2, record 8, French, - dum%2Djockey

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

With a young horse, you use an open rein to turn and hold your hands a bit further apart. The smallest volte on a collected horse is 6 m. Do a 3 m volte at the walk with lots of bend and flexion. This is good to slow a horse without using the brake. Use also action-reaction, he will soon find a good head position.  2, record 9, English, - volte%20at%20the%20walk

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Downy Mildew of Cabbage. Caused by the fungus Peronospora parasitica. Damage occurs mostly to young plants or to exposed leaves of heading plants.  2, record 10, English, - downy%20mildew%20of%20cabbage

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The fungus causing downy mildew of cabbage also attacks other crucifers, such as cauliflower, collards, Chinese cabbage, Brussels sprouts, broccoli, kale, and kohlrabi... The first symptoms of downy mildew are the formation of black specks and yellow-brown spots on the upper leaf surface, accompanied by the development of a fluffy mold growth on the lower surface. Young leaves may fall off when infected, and on older leaves, the spots may coalesce, producing large, sunken, tan spots. The disease can attack young seedlings or plants that have already headed. On older cabbage plants, the disease produces dark, sunken spots, which may appear purplish, on the head or wrapper leaves.  3, record 10, English, - downy%20mildew%20of%20cabbage

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mildiou de la laitue et mildiou du chou. Ces mildious affectent surtout les jeunes plants sous châssis ou sous abris plastiques. Les feuilles extérieures présentent un jaunissement à leur face supérieure et un duvet blanchâtre se forme à leur face intérieure.  1, record 10, French, - mildiou%20du%20chou

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Group : a bevy of roe deer(6 head) ;a brace of bucks; a game of red deer; a great bevy of roe deer(12 deer) ;a great herd of deer(80 head), a herd of deer, a leash of deer(3) ;a little herd of deer(20 head), a middle bevy of roe deer(10 head) ;a middle herd of deer(40 head) ;a quarry, parcel(hinds), rangale or common herd of deer. Male : buck, stag, hart. Female : doe, hind. Young : fawn, calf, kid, pricket/brocket(male).  2, record 11, English, - deer

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Groupe [cerf] troupeau, harde, troupe, harpail, harpaille. Mâle: cerf. Femelle: biche. Petit: faon, hère (6 mois), brocard (1 an), daguet (1-2 ans). Un cerf peut bramer (rut), mugir, raire (rut), râler (faon), raller (rare, faon) ou réer (vieilli, rut). Groupe [chevreuil] troupe. Mâle: chevreuil. Femelle: chevrette. Petit: chevrotin, brocard (1 an), faon, daguet (1-2 ans). Cri: bramer, raire, réer.  3, record 11, French, - cerf

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The 750m race starts at the Esplanade Bridge, the official Start Gantry of the event. The young runners will then run across the Esplanade Bridge, make a right turn before The Fullerton Hotel and onto Anderson Bridge. They head past Connaught Drive and onto the home straight situated along St Andrew's Road by the Padang.  2, record 12, English, - start%20gantry

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cross, Marathon.  3, record 12, English, - start%20gantry

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Aucun drapeau national ne devra être arboré aussi bien sur nos équipements que sur le portique de départ qui comporte traditionnellement les bannières des nationalités présentes en course.  2, record 12, French, - portique%20de%20d%C3%A9part

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cross, marathon.  3, record 12, French, - portique%20de%20d%C3%A9part

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cros, Maratón.  1, record 12, Spanish, - p%C3%B3rtico%20de%20salida

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Aboriginal Head Start On Reserve initiative is designed to prepare young First Nations children for their school years, by meeting their emotional, social, health, nutritional and psychological needs. This initiative encourages the development of projects that are comprised of the following program components : culture and language, education, health promotion, nutrition, social support and parental involvement. The program encourages the development of locally controlled projects in First Nation communities that strive to instill a sense of pride and a desire to learn; provide parenting skills and improve family relationships; foster emotional and social development and increase confidence. It is also designed to assist parents enhance their skills which contribute to their child's healthy development.  1, record 13, English, - Aboriginal%20Head%20Start%20On%20Reserve

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le Programme d'aide préscolaire aux Autochtones des réserves vise à préparer les jeunes enfants des Premières nations à leurs années d'école, en tenant compte de leurs besoins émotionnels, sociaux, de santé, nutritionnels et psychologiques. Cette initiative favorise l'élaboration de projets qui regroupent les éléments de programme suivants : culture et langue, éducation, promotion de la santé, nutrition, aide sociale et engagement parental. Par ailleurs, le programme encourage la mise sur pied de projets, placés sous l'autorité des communautés des Premières nations, qui ont pour but d'inculquer un sens de fierté et un désir d'apprendre, d'aider à l'acquisition des compétences parentales, de favoriser le développement émotionnel et social, d'accroître la confiance et d'améliorer les relations familiales. Il vise également à aider les parents à améliorer leurs compétences en vue de contribuer au développement sain de leurs enfants.  1, record 13, French, - Programme%20d%27aide%20pr%C3%A9scolaire%20aux%20Autochtones%20des%20r%C3%A9serves

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The roof rat, typical of the climbing rats, is smaller and more slender than the Norway rat and has a longer tail. The adult is about 38 centimetres long and weighs, on average, 225 grams. The naked tail exceeds the length of the head and the body. Roof rats are nimble climbers that can negotiate rough outer walls, and small diameter pipes, electric wires, telephone cables, vines and trees. By such means they gain access to building in various places, such as unscreened windows, roof ventilators, and unused chimneys. Their litter size numbers about seven young and their gestation period parallels that of the Norway rat.  5, record 14, English, - black%20rat

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A mammal of the family Muridae.  6, record 14, English, - black%20rat

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le rat noir, rongeur type des rats grimpeurs, est plus petit et plus élancé que le surmulot, et sa queue est plus longue. Adulte, il mesure environ 38 cm de longueur et pèse, en moyenne, 225 g. La queue, nue, est un peu plus longue que la tête et le corps. Le rat noir est un grimpeur agile qui peut se déplacer sur des murs extérieurs rugueux, des tuyaux de petit diamètre, des fils électriques, des câbles téléphoniques, des vignes et des arbres. Grâce à cette agilité, il peut pénétrer dans les immeubles par divers endroits, comme les fenêtres non grillagées, les ventilateurs de toit et les cheminées non utilisées. La portée du rat noir comprend environ sept jeunes, et la période de gestation est semblable à celle du surmulot.  3, record 14, French, - rat%20noir

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mammifère de la famille des Muridae.  4, record 14, French, - rat%20noir

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The RUNNING MARTINGALE is used to ensure that the pressure on the bit always comes from the right direction and should only come into action if the head is thrown up.... A BIB MARTINGALE is the same as a Running Martingale except the area between the two straps is filled in. Usually used on young race-horses.  2, record 15, English, - bib%20martingale

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Triangular leather, between 2 forked chest straps, which prevents horses feet from getting caught in the tack.  3, record 15, English, - bib%20martingale

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) the process of "torsion" involves a rotation of the mantle [of a young prosobranch gastropod], and [the] juvenile shell, with its enclosed viscera, through an angle of 180 degrees in relation to the velum(from which the head later develops) and the foot. As a result the mantle cavity comes to occupy an anterodorsal position, while the coiling of the shell assumes the endogastric direction typical of the adult gastropod. Effects of this torsion on the cells from which various organs of the adult animal later arise are far-reaching. Thus, when they develop, the nerve cords connecting the cerebral and pleural to the visceral ganglia are found to be crossed(...) rather like a figure 8, instead of being parallel. The gut has been twisted into a loop. It is, moreover obvious that the positions of the left and right ctenidia, osphradia, hypobranchial glands, heart auricles, and kidneys of the ancestral untorqued form become transposed as the result of torsion, so that when, as in most prosobranchs, only one of each of these organs remains, this, although now on the 6ft-hand side, represents the original right-hand organ.  1, record 16, English, - torsion

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] à la suite de [la] flexure [anopédieuse] amenant le sac viscéral vers l'avant, et avec lui le manteau qui l'enveloppe ainsi que la cavité palléale qui les sépare et contient les branchies, les Gastéropodes subissent une "torsion" de 180 degrés amenant le complexe palléal en position antéro-latérale, et se continuant par la progressive torsion spirale des viscères, du muscle columellaire et de la coquille [...]. Cette torsion non seulement affecte le sac viscéral et la coquille qui moule le manteau en leur imprimant une forme hélicoïdale, mais entraîne aussi le "chiasma" du système nerveux dont les ganglions, initialement placés à droite, vont prendre une position topographique gauche et "vice versa". Et surtout, la principale conséquence de la torsion hélicoïdale est d'avoir transformé les Gastéropodes en animaux dissymétriques: l'étude des parties molles prouve que les organes pairs du côté droit (côté gauche originel) sont plus petits que ceux du côté gauche, et peuvent même s'atrophier et disparaître.  2, record 16, French, - torsion

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The young shoots of turnip used for early greens.  3, record 17, English, - turnip%20tops

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Green sor spring greens :Young leafy cabbage eaten before the heart has formed, or leaf sprouts formed after cutting off the head.  4, record 17, English, - turnip%20tops

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les navets primeurs sont souvent vendus avec leurs feuilles (que l'on peut préparer comme des épinards et qui, sous le nom de turnip tops, sont un légume apprécié en Grande Bretagne); ils doivent être utilisés rapidement, alors que les navets d'hiver se conservent deux mois au frais.  2, record 17, French, - feuilles%20de%20navet

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Navet : Plante potagère [...] dont on consomme surtout la racine, parfois les feuilles jeunes qui s'accommodent comme les épinards.  1, record 17, French, - feuilles%20de%20navet

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hoja o brote de la planta del nabo, que se caracteriza por ser tierna y comestible.  2, record 17, Spanish, - grelos

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The effigy of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II by Dora de Pédery-Hunt gracing the obverse of Canadian coins since 1990.  1, record 18, English, - contemporary%20effigy

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See related terms :young effigy, classic effigy(specific), mature head(generic).  1, record 18, English, - contemporary%20effigy

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Effigie de Sa Majesté la reine Elizabeth II par Dora de Pédery-Hunt figurant sur l'avers des pièces de monnaie canadienne à partir de 1990.  1, record 18, French, - effigie%20contemporaine

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The effigy of Her Majesty Queen Elizabeth II by Arnold Machin gracing the obverse of Canadian coins from 1965 to 1989.  1, record 19, English, - classic%20effigy

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See related terms :young effigy, contemporary effigy, mature head(generic), standard effigy(generic).  1, record 19, English, - classic%20effigy

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Effigie de Sa Majesté la reine Elizabeth II par Arnold Machin figurant sur l'avers des pièces de monnaie canadienne de 1965 à 1989.  1, record 19, French, - effigie%20classique

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Kniffin Training. This is the most popular training system in the eastern regions. The photograph in Plate VIII shows a young vine trained to the four-cane Kniffin form, just after it has been pruned. The vine consists of a trunk about four feet long, to reach to the top wire of a four-foot trellis. Near the head may be seen two canes and two spurs-the canes to produce the season's crop, and the spurs to produce the renewal wood for the subsequent season. At a point on the trunk near the lower wire, two canes with their spurs are also left. These lower canes are pruned somewhat shorter than the top canes, because the growth of their shoots tends to be less vigorous. Shoots from the eyes of the four canes droop downward(a normal way of growth for many of the native hybrids) forming a mantle of foliage for the fruit.(A Wine-Grower's Guide, 1965, p. 121).  1, record 20, English, - Kniffin

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans les régions viticoles du nord de l'Amérique : New York, Ontario, Colombie Britannique, État de Washington, etc... le système Kniffen a été employé pendant longtemps, et l'est encore. Cette méthode procure un haut tronc permanent sur lequel 4, mais maintenant plutôt 6 sarments, que l'on appelle bras (arms) étagés de chaque côté, sont renouvelés annuellement. (La culture de la vigne au Québec, 1986, p. 99).  1, record 20, French, - Kniffen

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Diseased wheat stricken with bunt or stinking smut (caused by Tilletia caries and T. foetida) or with dwarf bunt (T. controversa).  2, record 21, English, - bunt%2Dinfested%20wheat

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The disease usually is carried over from one crop to the next as black spores on the seed or as smut balls mixed with the seed. The sumut spores germinate when bunt-infested seed is sown in moist cool soils. The fungus infects the young seedlings, grows within them, and produces smut balls completely filled with black spores instead of kernels in the wheat head. The spores have the odor of stale fish.  3, record 21, English, - bunt%2Dinfested%20wheat

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Blé atteint de la carie (maladie fongique).  1, record 21, French, - bl%C3%A9%20cari%C3%A9

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

L'intérieur du grain (carié] est complètement détruit; seule subsiste l'enveloppe externe d'aspect ridé et de couleur jaune terne. (...) Les grains cariés dégagent une odeur nauséabonde rappelant celle du poisson pourri. (...)  2, record 21, French, - bl%C3%A9%20cari%C3%A9

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish