TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A lognormal error is usually assumed in the traditional stock–recruitment(SR) analysis.... a positive bias results when [a] SR model with [a] lognormal error is used for fish recruitment prediction. Not only is this bias exponentially dependent on the structure of the model' s residual variance and the historical SR data, it is also dependent on the specific value of spawner biomass used.... a bias correction that is asymptotically unbiased with a finite-sample biasthat is practically zero [is then derived]. Data from two Pacific salmon populations, southeast Alaska pink salmon... and Chilko Lake sockeye salmon... are used to demonstrate this approach. The results show that the relative bias is about 10% for a spawning biomass within the historical range and that the bias is substantial outside that data range. However, with the proposed bias correction, the bias is negligible both within(<0. 1%) and outside of(<0. 3%) the data range.  2, record 1, English, - bias%20correction

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Horizontal collimation error exists when the optical axis of the theodolite is not exactly perpendicular to the telescope axis.  1, record 2, English, - horizontal%20collimation%20error

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The effect of a vertical deviation of the collimation axis is constant. It is impossible to determine separately a vertical collimation axis error and a zero error of the vertical circle. Thus, the term collimation error refers only to the horizontal deviation of the collimation axis...  3, record 2, English, - horizontal%20collimation%20error

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Défaut de perpendicularité entre l'axe de visée d'une lunette et l'axe secondaire de celle-ci.  1, record 2, French, - d%C3%A9faut%20de%20collimation%20horizontale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ce défaut est éliminé par le double retournement.  1, record 2, French, - d%C3%A9faut%20de%20collimation%20horizontale

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... gyros and accelerometers have an offset, known as bias. The gyro bias for instance, shows itself after integration as an angular drift, increasing rise linearly over time(ramp)... To compensate for sensor drift, a process called augmentation is used, whereby gyro and acceleration errors are compensated by utilising other system states. For instance the angular drift error of a gyro after integration can be compensated, if true angular measurements are taken. Comparing the two shows then the gyro drift. Assuming that inertial systems are generally operated around an equilibrium position and thus linear acceleration integrates to zero over time, then attitude can be processed via gravitational acceleration, thus giving true angular measurements to compensate gyro drift.  1, record 3, English, - angular%20drift

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] il est possible de réaliser des capteurs gyrométriques dont les performances sont caractérisées par une erreur de facteur d'échelle pouvant être inférieure à 10^-6, une dérive angulaire de l'ordre de quelques millièmes de degré par heure, pendant quelques heures, un domaine de mesure pouvant dépasser 360 degrés par seconde. Ces caractéristiques ont notamment autorisé la réalisation de navigateurs inertiels (sans plate-forme stabilisée) destinés aux avions civils et militaires ainsi qu'à des lanceurs spatiaux comme Ariane IV et V.  1, record 3, French, - d%C3%A9rive%20angulaire

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

With "weight decay"-each weight continually decays towards zero by an amount proportional to its magnitude. When the learning has equilibrated, the magnitude of a weight is equal to its error derivative because this error derivative balances the weight decay.  1, record 4, English, - weight%20decay%20algorithm

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Oubli catastrophique. Ce problème a été étudié en détail, et un modèle d'apprentissage permettant de réaliser des palimpsestes (mémoires à oubli progressif) a été proposé.  2, record 4, French, - algorithme%20du%20palimpseste

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On peut donner à l'influence de chaque motif présenté une part ;croissante dans la détermination de la matrice de connexion. C'est l'algorithme du palimpseste.  1, record 4, French, - algorithme%20du%20palimpseste

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The phenomenon exhibited by laser gyros that is characterized by frequency locking of the clockwise and counterclockwise beams at low input rates.  3, record 5, English, - lock%2Din

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lock-in is a fundamental physical phenomenon associated with all oscillating devices. Laser gyros exhibit the same phenomenon, in that the coupling mechanism is the reflection of light from one laser beam back along the path where it interacts with the oppositely traveling beam. This is called backscatter and is caused primarily by imperfect mirrors.  4, record 5, English, - lock%2Din

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Lock-in] is caused by the coupling of energy between the laser beams and results in a threshold error near zero input angular rate unless a corrective means, such as biasing, is used.  3, record 5, English, - lock%2Din

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'origine physique [du] blocage des oscillations [gyromètre laser] tient à ce qu'une partie de chacun des rayonnements se déplaçant dans un sens donné est renvoyée dans l'autre sens; ce renvoi est notamment dû aux irrégularités de surface des miroirs et aux variations d'indice de ces miroirs.  3, record 5, French, - blocage

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La structure simple du gyrolaser lui confère une excellente fiabilité et une bonne précision [...] Les défauts de surface des miroirs, même infimes, provoquent la rétrodiffusion d'une partie de chaque rayon qui se couple alors avec le rayon se propageant dans l'autre sens. Il se crée ainsi un couplage (lock-in) entre les faisceaux lasers et une zone aveugle pour les vitesses angulaires faibles.  2, record 5, French, - blocage

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Error due to the fact that the zero position on a calibration curve may, without affecting the shape of the curve, be unstable and sensitive to external influences such as temperature, time, etc.  2, record 6, English, - zero%20error

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

zero error : term used at Natural Resources Canada-Earth Sciences Sector.  3, record 6, English, - zero%20error

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Erreur due au fait que le zéro de la courbe d'étalonnage peut, sans influencer la forme de celle-ci, posséder une place instable dont la position est sensible aux facteurs extérieurs : température, temps, etc.  2, record 6, French, - erreur%20de%20z%C3%A9ro

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

erreur de zéro : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  3, record 6, French, - erreur%20de%20z%C3%A9ro

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

12 o’clock at night.  4, record 7, English, - midnight

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The 12-hour clock is a time conversion convention in which the 24 hours of the day are divided into two periods called “ante meridiem”(“a. m., ” English :"before mid day") and “post meridiem”(“p. m., ” English :"after mid day"). Each period consists of 12 hours numbered : 12(acting as zero), 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, and 11. … Confusion at noon and midnight.... The National Maritime Museum, Greenwich, states : To avoid confusion, the correct designation for twelve o’clock is 12 noon or 12 midnight. Alternatively, the twenty-four-hour-clock system may be used. … In the United States, noon is often called "12 : 00 p. m. "and midnight "12 : 00 a. m. "With this convention, thinking of "12" as "0" makes the system logical. The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language(Fourth Edition, 2000) has a similar usage note on this topic :"Strictly speaking, 12 a. m. denotes midnight, and 12 p. m. denotes noon, but there is sufficient confusion over these uses to make it advisable to use 12 noon and 12 midnight where clarity is required. "Many U. S. style guides(including the NIST website) recommend that it is clearest if one refers to "noon" or "12 : 00 noon" and "midnight" or "12 : 00 midnight"(rather than to "12 : 00 p. m. "and "12 : 00 a. m. ", respectively). … The use of "12 : 00 midnight" or "midnight" is still problematic because it does not distinguish between the midnight at the start of a particular day and the midnight at its end. To avoid confusion and error, some U. S. style guides recommend either clarifying "midnight" with other context clues, or not referring to midnight at all. For an example of the latter method, "midnight" is replaced with "11 : 59 p. m. "for the end of a day or "12 : 01 a. m. "for the start of the next day. That has become common in the United States in legal contracts and for airplane, bus, or train schedules, though some schedules use other conventions. The 24-hour clock notation avoids all of those ambiguities by using 00 : 00 for midnight at the start of the day and 12 : 00 for noon. From 23 : 59 : 59 the time shifts(one second later) to 00 : 00 : 00, the beginning of the next day. Some variants of 24-hour notation(including the world standard ISO 8601) use 24 : 00 when referring to a midnight at the end of a day.  3, record 7, English, - midnight

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Our recommendation is to use the 24-hour clock system (ISO 8601). For midnight (begin of day): Use “00:00.” For midnight (end of day): Use “24:00.” You will use “12:00” to designate noon.  5, record 7, English, - midnight

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

If you use the 12-hour clock system: For midnight (begin of day): Use “midnight”, “12:00 midnight” or, better, “12:01 a.m.” (in legal contracts and for transportation schedules). For midnight (end of day): Use “midnight,” “12:00 midnight” or, better, “11:59 p.m." (in legal contracts and for transportation schedules). In both cases, avoid “12:00 a.m.,” which is confusing.  5, record 7, English, - midnight

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 OBS

The instant of midnight should be represented (when seconds are included) as either 24:00:00, the end of one day, or 00:00:00, the beginning of the next day, according to circumstances.  6, record 7, English, - midnight

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

La douzième heure après midi; instant marqué vingt-quatre heures ou zéro heure.  3, record 7, French, - minuit

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Attention au genre masculine de ce nom. [Exemples d’utilisation :] «Il est minuit et demi (0 h 30). Le dernier métro part à minuit précis». Quand le nom minuit est sujet, le verbe s’accorde au singulier. [Exemple :] «Minuit sonne».  4, record 7, French, - minuit

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Minuit : 0 h (début de la journée) ou 24 h (fin de la journée). Minuit cinq : 0 h 5. Minuit dix : 0 h 10.  2, record 7, French, - minuit

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A machine halt from which there is no recovery. Such a halt may be deliberately programmed or may occur through a logical error in programming; e. g., due to an attempt to divide by zero or to perform an operation on a nonexistent instruction word.  2, record 9, English, - drop%20dead%20halt

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Parada programable intencional o que puede ser el resultado de error lógico en la programación, pero a partir de la cual no existe recuperación de ninguna clase.  1, record 9, Spanish, - parada%20instant%C3%A1nea

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Each time its value crosses through zero velocity, a small lock-in error usually occurs.  2, record 10, English, - zero%20velocity

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ce tremblement étant sinusoïdal, il change de sens deux fois par cycle de sorte que chaque fois que le taux de rotation passe par la valeur zéro, la mesure est faussée de l'erreur d'accrochage.  2, record 10, French, - valeur%20z%C3%A9ro

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Estimate whose error variance converges to zero as fast as is mathematically possible.  2, record 11, English, - efficient%20estimate

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where positioning accuracy is concerned, it may seem surprising that the accuracy provided by the gyros has more impact than that of the accelerometers... This is due to the fact that navigation in fact occurs on a sphere, the Earth. It will therefore be readily understood that traveling along a straight line on the Earth comes down in fact to a rotation, and that rotation is detected by the gyros. In practice, gyros are subject to a zero-error known as gyro bias : When there is no rotation, a gyro should indicate zero, but in fact measures something that is the bias value. When an inertial navigation system is immobile, the gyros measure bias values that are integrated by the calculator and the unit thinks that it is rotating, and therefore advancing across the surface of the terrestrial globe, which generates a position error. It will be understood that position error shows linear growth over time and there is a direct relationship between the accuracy of a gyro and position drift.  1, record 12, English, - zero%2Derror

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les erreurs de mesure des gyromètres laser peuvent être représentées par des modèles mathématiques beaucoup plus simples que ceux intervenant dans l'étude des gyromètres classiques. Cela résulte essentiellement de l'insensibilité des gyromètres laser aux accélérations. La description de l'erreur d'un gyromètre laser fait intervenir : a) une erreur de zéro, due à des différences de propriétés physiques pour les ondes circulant en sens inverse dans le mélange gazeux ionisé; [...] b) une erreur imputable au blocage [...] c) une erreur de facteur d'échelle [...]  2, record 12, French, - erreur%20de%20z%C3%A9ro

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Performances et précisions des mesures (gyroscopes et gyromètres) [...] erreurs de zéro : nécessite un recalage par GPS toutes les 30 h .  3, record 12, French, - erreur%20de%20z%C3%A9ro

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... for a mechanically dithered RLG [ring laser gyro], non-linearities(sidebands) appear in the input-output scale factor curve for an input rotation rate which is a harmonic of the dither frequency... There are two disadvantages to dithering. One is that the rotation rate periodically passes through zero where lock-in occurs. This results in a "random walk" angular position error. The other is that the vibration of the gyro body may affect other components or the gyro may be affected by other vibration sources. The laser gyro need not be mechanically dithered. The same result may be achieved by optical devices.  1, record 13, English, - mechanically%20dithered

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dither: To periodically tilt from side to side.  2, record 13, English, - mechanically%20dithered

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... for a mechanically dithered RLG [ring laser gyro], non-linearities(sidebands) appear in the input-output scale factor curve for an input rotation rate which is a harmonic of the dither frequency... There are two disadvantages to dithering. One is that the rotation rate periodically passes through zero where lock-in occurs. This results in a "random walk" angular position error. The other is that the vibration of the gyro body may affect other components or the gyro may be affected by other vibration sources. The laser gyro need not be mechanically dithered. The same result may be achieved by optical devices.  1, record 14, English, - mechanically%20dithered%20RLG

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dither: To periodically tilt from side to side.  4, record 14, English, - mechanically%20dithered%20RLG

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Datum error for zero value of the measurand.  3, record 15, English, - zero%20error%20of%20a%20measuring%20instrument

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

zero error of a measuring instrument; zero error : terms and definition approved by ISO, the International Bureau of Weights and Measures(BIPM), the International Electrotechnical Commission(IEC), the International Organization of Legal Metrology(OIML), and others.  4, record 15, English, - zero%20error%20of%20a%20measuring%20instrument

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Erreur au point de contrôle pour une valeur nulle du mesurande.  1, record 15, French, - erreur%20%C3%A0%20z%C3%A9ro%20d%27un%20instrument%20de%20mesure

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «erreur de zéro» tiré du Vocabulaire de la métrologie légale a été remplacé par le terme «erreur à zéro» tiré du Vocabulaire international des termes fondamentaux et généraux en métrologie.  4, record 15, French, - erreur%20%C3%A0%20z%C3%A9ro%20d%27un%20instrument%20de%20mesure

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

erreur à zéro : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  4, record 15, French, - erreur%20%C3%A0%20z%C3%A9ro%20d%27un%20instrument%20de%20mesure

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 3 OBS

erreur à zéro d'un instrument de mesure; erreur à zéro : termes et définition entérinés, entre autres, par l'ISO, le Bureau international des poids et mesures (BIPM), par la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI) et par l'Organisation internationale de métrologie légale (OIML).  4, record 15, French, - erreur%20%C3%A0%20z%C3%A9ro%20d%27un%20instrument%20de%20mesure

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Memory in which each weight continually decays towards zero by an amount proportional to its magnitude. [ISO/IEC 2nd WD 2382-34: 1994 (E/F)].  3, record 16, English, - weight%2Ddecay%20memory

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When the learning has stabilized, the magnitude of a weight is equal to its error derivative because this error derivative balances the weight decay. [ISO/IEC 2nd WD 2382-34: 1994 (E/F)].  3, record 16, English, - weight%2Ddecay%20memory

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

With "weight decay"-each weight continually decays towards zero by an amount proportional to its magnitude. When the learning has equilibrated, the magnitude of a weight is equal to its error derivative because this error derivative balances the weight decay.  1, record 16, English, - weight%2Ddecay%20memory

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Oubli catastrophique. Ce problème a été étudié en détail, et un modèle d'apprentissage permettant de réaliser des palimpsestes (mémoires à oubli progressif) a été proposé.  2, record 16, French, - m%C3%A9moire%20palimpseste

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le nom palimpseste provient des parchemins du Moyen Âge sur lesquels on effaçait les motifs déjà appris pour écrire de nouveaux motifs.  3, record 16, French, - m%C3%A9moire%20palimpseste

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Each time its value crosses through zero velocity, a small lock-in error usually occurs.  1, record 17, English, - lock%2Din%20error

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ce tremblement étant sinusoïdal, il change de sens deux fois par cycle de sorte que chaque fois que le taux de rotation passe par la valeur zéro, la mesure est cependant faussée de l'erreur d'accrochage.  1, record 17, French, - erreur%20d%27accrochage

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

One of the two error-distribution methods that involves the load of one cell full of t-taintings and the spread of 100% taintings over all other cells at the zero sample error rate.  1, record 18, English, - load%20and%20spread%20method

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The other method is the spread method.  1, record 18, English, - load%20and%20spread%20method

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Une des deux méthodes de distribution d'erreurs qui correspond à l'attribution d'une erreur (altération-a) dans une cellule et à la dispersion d'altérations à 100% dans toutes les autres cellules, au taux de zéro erreur par échantillon.  1, record 18, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20l%27attribution%2Ddispersion

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'autre méthode est la méthode de dispersion.  1, record 18, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20de%20l%27attribution%2Ddispersion

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

If the extra term(of the error function) is the sum of the squares of the weights, its derivative corresponds to "weight decay"-each weight continually decays towards zero by an amount proportional to its magnitude. When the learning has equilibrated, the magnitude of a weight is equal to its error derivative because this error derivative balances the weight decay.  2, record 19, English, - weight%2Ddecay%20factor

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

See "weight-decay".  1, record 19, English, - weight%2Ddecay%20factor

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est naturel de chercher des techniques qui permettent de poursuivre indéfiniment la mémorisation de nouveaux prototypes, quitte à effacer progressivement les plus anciens. L'introduction à cet effet d'un facteur d'oubli dans le mécanisme d'apprentissage avait déjà été proposée.  1, record 19, French, - facteur%20d%27oubli

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Maximum permissible error of accuracy(called «maximum permissible error »in the text, in accordance with the requirements of the Vocabulary of Legal Metrology) : Maximum difference, positive or negative, allowed by regulation between the result of a weighing and the equivalent in standard weights or standard masses of the mass of the load weighed, to begin with the machine being at zero at no-load in the reference position.  1, record 20, English, - no%2Dload

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Erreur maximale tolérée de précision (appelée « erreur maximale tolérée » dans le texte, en accord avec les spécifications du Vocabulaire de Métrologie légale) : Différence maximale, en plus ou en moins, réglementairement tolérée entre le résultat d'une pesée et l'équivalent en poids étalons ou masses étalons de la masse de la charge pesée, l'instrument étant préalablement au zéro à charge nulle en position de référence de réglage.  1, record 20, French, - charge%20nulle

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An error in the angle indicated by a sextant, resulting from the index and horizon glasses not being parallel to one another when the pointer on the vernier indicates zero on the arc.  1, record 21, English, - index%20error

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Le grand miroir et le petit miroir [du sextant] doivent être parallèles lorsque le zéro du vernier coïncide avec le zéro du limbe. Dans le cas contraire, il existe une erreur instrumentale (...)  1, record 21, French, - erreur%20instrumentale

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish