TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As a general rule of Canadian evidence law, the previous out-of-court statements of a witness or victim are not to be the subject of testimony in court. In regard to statements by a child who is not called as a witness, any statements made by the child to others would normally be regarded as hearsay and therefore inadmissible. Although the general rules about the exclusion of previous consistent statements and hearsay are basically sound, they can be problematic when applied to cases involving children who are victims of abuse. Not infrequently in child abuse cases, the initial disclosures of abuse by the child to a parent or another trusted person are graphic and highly revealing. Conversely, if the accused argues that a child has been subject to improper coaching or interviewing to make the allegations, [an] inquiry into the circumstances in which the allegations were first made can be vitally important. As a result of these types of concerns Canadian judges have significantly liberalized the rules about admitting this type of evidence, making changes to the common law that in some other countries have been achieved by legislative reforms.  3, record 1, English, - victim%20of%20abuse

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

victime de maltraitance : désignation normalisée par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 1, French, - victime%20de%20maltraitance

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

For an accused person to agree to plead guilty, or to give material information or testimony in exchange for an apparent advantage which the prosecutor offers, activity within the scope of a prosecutor's seeming authority.  2, record 2, English, - plea%20bargain

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La transaction en matière pénale.  1, record 2, French, - transiger%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20p%C3%A9nale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[...] l'administration a le droit, après accord du ministère public, de transiger sur la poursuite de certains délits et contraventions.  1, record 2, French, - transiger%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20p%C3%A9nale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

[...] la décision de transiger n'est pas en réalité imputable principalement au ministère public.  1, record 2, French, - transiger%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20p%C3%A9nale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 4 OBS

[...] s'il est vrai que l'action publique appartient à la seule société, cette dernière confère le droit au ministère public d'en disposer par transaction pour des infractions de droit commun.  1, record 2, French, - transiger%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20p%C3%A9nale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 5 OBS

[...] la transaction [...] est considérée [...] comme un mode de gestion efficace de l'action publique en raison de l'économie de temps et de moyen qu'elle permet.  1, record 2, French, - transiger%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20p%C3%A9nale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 6 OBS

[...] la transaction [...] constitue une institution juridique propre au droit pénal [...]  1, record 2, French, - transiger%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20p%C3%A9nale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 7 OBS

[...] la transaction prévue par les art. [...] cour provinciale pénale [...] pour certaines infractions à la police des services publics des transports terrestres [...]  1, record 2, French, - transiger%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20p%C3%A9nale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 8 OBS

[...] si le législateur érige un jour la transaction en mode d'extinction de l'action publique de droit commun.  1, record 2, French, - transiger%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20p%C3%A9nale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 9 OBS

négocier un aveu : [...] dans les pays connaissant l'aveu négocié «plea bargaining» comme les pays anglosaxons où les affaires passant à l'audience sont très peu nombreuses.  2, record 2, French, - transiger%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20p%C3%A9nale

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The power of commanding officers and superior commanders to dismiss a charge was removed from the National Defence Act by amendments in An Act to amend the National Defence Act and to make consequential amendments to other Acts, S. C. 1998, c. 35, effective September 1, 1999. A dismissal of a charge before that date may still be pleaded in bar of trial by an accused person.  2, record 3, English, - dismiss%20a%20charge

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le pouvoir des commandants et des commandants supérieurs de rendre une ordonnance de non-lieu a été soustrait de la Loi sur la défense nationale par l'édiction de la Loi modifiant la Loi sur la défense nationale et d'autres lois en conséquence, L.C. 1998, ch. 35, en vigueur depuis le 1er septembre 1999. L'accusé peut présenter une fin de non-recevoir à l'égard d'une accusation qui a fait l'objet d'une ordonnance de non-lieu avant cette date.  5, record 3, French, - rendre%20une%20ordonnance%20de%20non%2Dlieu

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

abandonner une accusation : terme tiré du Mini-lexique du droit carcéral et du système correctionnel et reproduit avec l'autorisation du Centre de ressources en français juridique de l'Université de Saint-Boniface.  6, record 3, French, - rendre%20une%20ordonnance%20de%20non%2Dlieu

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The word "traitorously" signifies that the person accused has been false in his allegiance to Her Majesty.  1, record 4, English, - traitorously

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les expressions «en traître» et «par trahison» signifient que l'accusé a manqué de loyauté envers Sa Majesté.  1, record 4, French, - par%20trahison

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The expression "without authority" in paragraphs 75(b), 75(c) and 75(f) of the National Defence Act signifies that the accused person acted or omitted to act with neither the approval of a competent superior nor the sanction of law, practice or custom. If the evidence adduced by the prosecution, taken by itself, tends to show that the accused person acted without authority, a service tribunal may find them guilty unless the person establishes that they had authority.  1, record 5, English, - without%20authority

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'expression «sans autorisation» aux alinéas 75b), c) et f) de la Loi sur la défense nationale signifie que l'accusé a agi ou a omis d'agir sans avoir obtenu l'approbation d'une autorité compétente ni la sanction de la loi, de la pratique ou de l'usage. Si la preuve alléguée par la poursuite, prise en soi, tend à démontrer que l'accusé a agi sans autorisation, il peut être déclaré coupable par un tribunal militaire à moins qu'il n'établisse qu'il possédait cette autorisation.  1, record 5, French, - sans%20autorisation

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A statement made by an accused person, whether made before or after he is accused of an offence, that is completely or partially self-incriminating with respect to the offence of which he is accused.  2, record 7, English, - confession

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Déclaration faite par un prévenu, que ce soit avant ou après qu'il ait été accusé d'une infraction, qui renferme complètement ou partiellement une incrimination de soi-même en ce qui concerne l'infraction dont il est accusé.  2, record 7, French, - aveu

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Declaración que, sobre lo sabido o hecho por él, hace alguien voluntariamente o preguntado por otro.  1, record 7, Spanish, - confesi%C3%B3n

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Testimonial aids include closed-circuit television(CCTV), witness screens, a support person who may be present during the delivering of testimony, and the appointment of a lawyer to conduct the cross-examination of a witness when the accused is self-represented.  2, record 8, English, - witness%20screen

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les dispositifs d’aide au témoignage prennent plusieurs formes : système de télévision en circuit fermé, écran pour dissimuler le témoin, présence d’une personne de confiance pendant le témoignage et nomination d’un avocat qui se charge du contre-interrogatoire du témoin quand l’accusé se représente lui-même.  3, record 8, French, - %C3%A9cran%20pour%20dissimuler%20un%20t%C3%A9moin

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A criminal proceeding in which an accused person is tried.  4, record 9, English, - criminal%20prosecution

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The more serious the allegations and potential negative repercussions for the person accused of harassment, the more stringent the aspects of procedural fairness should be. Investigators should always respect procedural fairness, but the extent to which measures are taken to protect these principles will depend on the nature of the allegations and the consequences for the parties...  2, record 10, English, - procedural%20fairness

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

procedural fairness: terminology used by Citizenship and Immigration Canada and the Immigration and Refugee Board (IRB).  3, record 10, English, - procedural%20fairness

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plus les allégations et les répercussions négatives potentielles sont graves pour la personne accusée de harcèlement, plus les aspects de l'équité procédurale devraient être stricts. Les enquêteurs devraient toujours respecter les principes d'équité procédurale, mais la mesure dans laquelle des dispositions sont prises pour protéger ces principes dépend de la nature des allégations et des conséquences pour les parties [...]  4, record 10, French, - %C3%A9quit%C3%A9%20proc%C3%A9durale

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

équité procédurale; équité en matière de procédure : terminologie employée par Citoyenneté et Immigration Canada.  5, record 10, French, - %C3%A9quit%C3%A9%20proc%C3%A9durale

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

équité procédurale : terminologie employée par la Commission de l'immigration et du statut de réfugié (CISR).  5, record 10, French, - %C3%A9quit%C3%A9%20proc%C3%A9durale

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Conjunto de principios] necesarios para intervenir en los procesos judiciales o administrativos en condiciones de igualdad con las demás partes para favorecer el equilibrio procesal.  1, record 10, Spanish, - equidad%20procesal

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Offences in which it is not open to a person to avoid liability on the ground that she or he acted under a reasonable mistake of fact which, if the facts had been as the accused believed them to be, would have made his act innocent.  2, record 11, English, - absolute%20liability

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Strict liability is distinct from absolute liability. Under absolute liability, only an actus reus is required. With strict liability, an actus reus, unintentional or not is all that is required.  3, record 11, English, - absolute%20liability

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

responsabilité absolue : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 11, French, - responsabilit%C3%A9%20absolue

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A person who has been blamed for wrongdoing.  4, record 12, English, - accused

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

accused: generic name for the defendant in a criminal case.  5, record 12, English, - accused

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Selon le Juridictionnaire, il conviendrait de mettre de l'ordre dans la terminologie du Code criminel. On pourrait résumer comme suit le nouvel usage proposé au sujet des infractions faisant l'objet de poursuites par voie de mise en accusation : Le terme «inculpé» (qui s'entendait à l'origine d'une personne considérée comme coupable d'une faute) aurait une vocation générique et s'emploierait pour désigner toute personne à qui une telle infraction est imputée. On établirait par ailleurs une distinction entre «prévenu» et «accusé». La personne poursuivie par voie de mise en accusation s'appellerait prévenu au cours des étapes préalables au procès (par exemple : l'enquête préliminaire) et deviendrait l'accusé à partir du moment où un acte d'accusation («indictment») serait présenté contre elle, le cas échéant. Cet emploi permettrait d'établir un lien logique entre «acte d'accusation» et «accusé».  5, record 12, French, - accus%C3%A9

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Persona a la que en un procedimiento penal o criminal se le imputa la comisión de un delito.  4, record 12, Spanish, - acusado

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

acusado; imputado; procesado; inculpado: términos y definición reproducidos del Glosario Provisional de Términos Juridícos con la autorización de la Oficina de las Naciones Unidas en Ginebra.  5, record 12, Spanish, - acusado

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An accused person who is on trial.  2, record 13, English, - prisoner%20at%20the%20bar

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One accused of crime, who is actually on trial, is in legal effect a "prisoner at the bar," notwithstanding he has given bond for his appearance at the trial. He is a "prisoner" if held in custody either under bond or other process of law, or when physically held under arrest, and when actually on trial he is a "prisoner at the bar."  2, record 13, English, - prisoner%20at%20the%20bar

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Psychiatric assessment... Any statement communicated by an accused to a qualified medical practitioner during the course of a court-ordered psychiatric observation, examination or assessment is privileged and, unless the accused has first put his mental condition in issue, no evidence of or relating to that statement is admissible against the accused in any proceeding before a court, tribunal, body or person having power to compel the production of evidence, other than a hearing to determine the fitness of the accused to stand trial or conduct his defence.  2, record 14, English, - privilege%20for%20psychiatric%20assessment

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A voluntary confession is one made spontaneously by a person accused of crime, free from the influence of any extraneous disturbing cause, and in particular, not influenced, or extorted by violence, threats, or promises.  1, record 15, English, - voluntary%20confession

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"party" to a proceeding, means :(a) for a criminal proceeding... the prosecutor and each accused person; or(b) for a civil proceeding... each person who is a party to the proceeding.  2, record 16, English, - party%20to%20a%20procedure

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

At the request of any party to a proceeding or a State allowed to intervene in a proceeding, the Court shall authorize a language other than English or French to be used by such a party or State, provided that the Court considers such authorization to be adequately justified.  4, record 16, English, - party%20to%20a%20procedure

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À la demande d’une partie à une procédure ou d’un État autorisé à intervenir dans une procédure, la Cour autorise l’emploi par cette partie ou cet État d’une langue autre que l’anglais ou le français si elle l’estime justifié.  2, record 16, French, - partie%20%C3%A0%20une%20proc%C3%A9dure

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The only question raised by petitioner is whether "the Court of Appeals erred in not reversing the decision of the trial court, dated June 30, 1960, for lack of jurisdiction over the person of the accused and the subject matter of the action for the offense of abduction with consent. "  1, record 17, English, - abduction%20with%20consent

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La cour de Bordeaux décide que, si l'enlèvement par séduction autorise la déclaration de paternité, c'est à la condition qu'au moment de la conception, la femme ait été en possession de son ravisseur, non seulement séduite, mais contrainte et séquestrée.  1, record 17, French, - enl%C3%A8vement%20par%20s%C3%A9duction

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'Ancien droit distinguait le rapt de violence, consistant à enlever une femme malgré elle pour en abuser, et le rapt de séduction, consistant dans le fait d’enlever une jeune fille avec son accord, dans l’intention de l’épouser en dépit de l’opposition de ses parents.  2, record 17, French, - enl%C3%A8vement%20par%20s%C3%A9duction

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An accused person or his or her Australian legal practitioner may address the jury immediately after the opening address of the prosecutor.  1, record 18, English, - address%20of%20the%20prosecutor

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Procédure lorsque la formation pénale demande une plaidoirie du poursuivant [...] Si l’un des deux membres de la formation pénale estime que des observations écrites devraient être exigées de l’intimé, le paragraphe [...] qui vise le cas où une plaidoirie est exigée de l’intimé s’applique.  1, record 18, French, - plaidoirie%20du%20poursuivant

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Law French "to speak the truth"] 1) A preliminary examination of a prospective juror by a judge or lawyer to decide whether the prospect is qualified and suitable to serve on a jury.  2, record 19, English, - voir%20dire

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In practice, it denotes a preliminary examination or "a trial within a trial" whereby a witness is examined, before continuing with his testimony, in regard to his competency, interest, etc. Such an examination may also be conducted to determine the voluntary nature of any confession or admission made by an accused person to a police officer.(Canadian Law Dictionary, 1980, p. 403)  3, record 19, English, - voir%20dire

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

voir-dire : lors d'un procès criminel, examen par le juge, en l'absence du jury, d'un élément de preuve que l'on veut présenter, afin d'en évaluer l'admissibilité. Cette preuve n'est alors soumise au jury que si le juge en prononce l'admissibilité.  2, record 19, French, - voir%2Ddire

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

voir-dire : terme normalisé par le comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  3, record 19, French, - voir%2Ddire

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The courts have shown great reluctance to define the term "person in authority", preferring to proceed on a case by case basis.... The majority of the Task Force therefore recommends a general definition--"a person in authority is someone having authority over the accused in relation to a criminal proceeding"--leaving it to the courts to determine in each particular case whether the authority exists.(Fed./Prov. Task Force, p. 176)  1, record 20, English, - person%20in%20authority

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

personne en autorité : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 20, French, - personne%20en%20autorit%C3%A9

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Formal interrogation, esp. of a witness, or an accused person.(Oxford)  1, record 21, English, - examination

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

interrogatoire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 21, French, - interrogatoire

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In Canada, the prosecution of someone accused of a criminal offence is generally initiated by the laying of an information before a justice of the peace. Anyone who, on reasonable grounds, believes that a person has committed an indictable offence may lay an information in writing and under oath before the justice.  2, record 22, English, - information%20in%20writing%20and%20under%20oath

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Au Canada, pour qu'une personne accusée d'un acte criminel puisse être poursuivie, il faut généralement qu'une dénonciation soit faite devant un juge de paix. Quiconque croit, pour des motifs raisonnables, qu'une personne a commis un acte criminel peut faire une dénonciation par écrit et sous serment devant un juge de paix.  2, record 22, French, - d%C3%A9nonciation%20%C3%A9crite%20faite%20sous%20serment

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is all too easy for people to make an unfounded allegation and leave the accused person with the problem of having to prove their innocence.  2, record 23, English, - unfounded%20allegation

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] il faudrait pouvoir évacuer dès le départ toute allégation mal fondée afin que seules les plaintes formelles signées ayant fait l’objet d’un examen préliminaire donnent lieu à une enquête.  1, record 23, French, - all%C3%A9gation%20mal%20fond%C3%A9e

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La conduite ne ressemble en rien à celle qui est décrite dans l'arrêt Wallace, où l'employeur a persisté à maintenir une allégation non fondée que l'employé avait été congédié pour un motif valable [...]  2, record 23, French, - all%C3%A9gation%20mal%20fond%C3%A9e

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where a person is accused of an indictable offence a preliminary examination takes place before one or more magistrates to decide whether there is a prima facie case sufficient to justify his being committed to trial.  4, record 24, English, - preliminary%20hearing

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Audience visant à déterminer s'il existe suffisamment d'éléments de preuve contre l'accusé pour justifier un procès.  3, record 24, French, - enqu%C3%AAte%20pr%C3%A9liminaire

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

One of the most ancient forms of trial in England that required the accused person to submit to a dangerous or painful test on the theory that God would intervene and disclose his or her guilt or innocence.  3, record 25, English, - ordeal

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Trial by ordeal is a judicial practice by which the guilt or innocence of the accused is determined by subjecting them to a painful task. In some cases, the accused was considered innocent if they survived the test, or if their injuries healed; in others, only death was considered proof of innocence. (If the accused died, they were often presumed to have gone to a suitable reward or punishment in the afterlife, which was considered to make trial by ordeal entirely fair).  4, record 25, English, - ordeal

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ordalie : épreuve judiciaire moyenâgeuse qui faisait appel aux éléments de la nature pour prononcer le verdict. Le jugement de Dieu par l'eau, le feu.  3, record 25, French, - ordalie

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Historiquement, épreuves judiciaires : épreuves auxquelles on soumettait des accusés, des adversaires, en faisant appel à l'intervention de Dieu pour désigner le coupable ou trancher une contestation.  4, record 25, French, - ordalie

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Prueba ritual usada en la antigüedad para establecer la certeza, principalmente con fines jurídicos, y una de cuyas formas es el juicio de Dios.  1, record 25, Spanish, - ordal%C3%ADa

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

At common law, an oath under which a person accused of a crime swore to answer questions before an ecclesiastical court.  3, record 26, English, - oath%20ex%20officio

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At common law, an oath administered by an ecclesiastical court whereby a clergyman accused of a crime would have to swear to his innocence. [An accused was also obliged to put forward proof of his innocence, after which the ecclesiastical judge, not a jury, decided innocence or guilt.]  4, record 26, English, - oath%20ex%20officio

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Respectez le serment comme un acte religieux de grande importance : avant de le prêter, examinez bien si la formule est vraie en tous points au meilleur de votre connaissance; accomplissez scrupuleusement les devoirs de votre serment d'office et gardez-vous d'induire votre prochain au parjure.  2, record 26, French, - serment%20d%27office

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il est bon de noter que « serment d'office » est employé en common law dans le sens où un accusé consentirait à répondre à des questions relevant de son crime devant un tribunal ecclésiastique.  3, record 26, French, - serment%20d%27office

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Environmental Protection Alternative Measures(EPAMs) are an alternative to court prosecution for a violation of CEPA 1999. Alternative measures are also found in the Criminal Code for adult offenders and under the Youth Justice Act for juveniles. EPAMs under CEPA 1999 divert the accused-whether a company, individual or government agency-away from the court process after the person is charged.  1, record 27, English, - Environmental%20Protection%20Alternative%20Measures

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les mesures de rechange en matière de protection de l'environnement (MRPE) représentent une solution de rechange par rapport aux poursuites judiciaires intentées dans le cadre de la LCPE (1999). Des mesures de rechange figurent également dans le Code criminel pour les contrevenants adultes et la Loi sur les jeunes contrevenants pour les jeunes. Les MRPE aux termes de la LCPE (1999) permettent aux accusés - qu'il s'agisse d'une entreprise, d'un particulier ou d'une organisation gouvernementale - de ne pas avoir recours aux instances judiciaires après l'accusation de la personne.  1, record 27, French, - Mesures%20de%20rechange%20en%20mati%C3%A8re%20de%20protection%20de%20l%27environnement

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Court may order pretrial disclosure in particular case...(1) After the indictment is presented in any criminal proceedings, the court may order both the prosecutor and the accused person to undertake pre-trial in accordance with this Division.  2, record 28, English, - pre%2Dtrial%20disclosure

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bien que la divulgation préalable à l'audience ne soit pas exigée, la Commission encourage les parties à collaborer et à divulguer et échanger volontairement, avant l'audience, tous les documents ou autre pièces pertinentes.  1, record 28, French, - divulgation%20pr%C3%A9alable

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A criminal offense, which occurs when a person obtains money, behavior, or other goods and/or services from another by wrongfully threatening or inflicting harm to his person, reputation, or property.  2, record 29, English, - extortion

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Extortion. Every one commits extortion who, without reasonable justification or excuse and with intent to obtain anything, by threats, accusations, menaces or violence induces or attempts to induce any person, whether or not he is the person threatened, accused or menaced or to whom violence is shown, to do anything or cause anything to be done.  3, record 29, English, - extortion

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Officially approved by the Terminology Committee of the Department of the Solicitor General.  4, record 29, English, - extortion

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Extorsion. Commet une extorsion quiconque, sans justification ou excuse raisonnable et avec l'intention d'obtenir quelque chose, par menaces, accusations ou violence, induit ou tente d'induire une personne, que ce soit ou non la personne menacée ou accusée, ou celle contre qui la violence est exercée, à accomplir ou à faire accomplir quelque chose.  2, record 29, French, - extorsion

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme uniformisé par le Comité de terminologie du ministère du Solliciteur général.  3, record 29, French, - extorsion

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A statement in which an accused person acknowledges having committed the crime.  2, record 30, English, - direct%20confession

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Even with a direct confession of guilt, the defendant can find a way to have it later thrown out through one or another loophole.  3, record 30, English, - direct%20confession

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Confession, in law, the formal admission of criminal guilt, usually obtained in the course of examination by the police or prosecutor or at trial. For a confession to be admissible as evidence against an accused individual, it generally must have been procured voluntarily after the person was informed of his or her right to remain silent and right to consult an attorney.  4, record 30, English, - direct%20confession

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] il [Brown] a toujours nié l'avoir fait, malgré que les enquêteurs aient exercé sur lui de fortes pressions psychologiques pour le faire avouer; il n'a pas fait non plus d'aveu direct à quelque autre personne, y compris son épouse.  1, record 30, French, - aveu%20direct

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

aveu : reconnaissance d'un fait de nature à produire des conséquences juridiques contre son auteur.  2, record 30, French, - aveu%20direct

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Minister of Foreign Affairs may, with the agreement of the Minister, enter into a specific agreement with a State or entity for the purpose of giving effect to a request for extradition in a particular case.  1, record 31, English, - specific%20agreement

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Extradition. The transfer of an accused from one state or country to another state or country that seeks to place the accused on trial. Extradition comes into play when a person charged with a crime under state statutes flees the state. An individual charged with a federal crime may be moved from one state to another without any extradition procedures.  2, record 31, English, - specific%20agreement

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le ministre des Affaires étrangères peut, avec l'accord du ministre, conclure avec un État ou une entité un accord spécifique pour donner effet à une demande d'extradition dans un cas déterminé.  1, record 31, French, - accord%20sp%C3%A9cifique

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'extradition est la remise par un État, à la demande d'un autre État ou entité, d'une personne qui est recherchée pour subir son procès pour un crime commis dans le territoire de l'entité ou l'État requérant, ou reconnue coupable d'un tel crime.  2, record 31, French, - accord%20sp%C3%A9cifique

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When an offender is convicted, or is discharged … of an offence … in respect of a person who is under the age of fourteen years, the court that sentences the offender or directs that the accused be discharged …  1, record 32, English, - direct%20that%20the%20accused%20be%20discharged

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le cas où un contrevenant est déclaré coupable, ou absous [...], le tribunal qui lui inflige une peine ou ordonne son absolution [...]  1, record 32, French, - ordonner%20l%27absolution%20du%20contrevenant

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... "the bail hearing statements were properly excluded by the trial judge because those statements were adduced in the face of section 457. 3(1)(b) of the Criminal Code, which prohibits, at a bail hearing, examination or cross-examination of the accused by the justice or any other person as to the offence charged. "  1, record 33, English, - in%20the%20face%20of

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a person accused of having committed an offence to which this Act applies in any part of Her Majesty's Realms and Territories, except Canada, and who has left that part.  2, record 34, English, - fugitive

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fugitive Offenders Act  3, record 34, English, - fugitive

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Personne accusée d'avoir commis une infraction à laquelle s'applique la présente loi dans quelque partie des royaumes et territoires de Sa Majesté, autre que le Canada, et qui a quitté cette partie.  1, record 34, French, - fugitif

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Loi sur les criminels fugitifs.  2, record 34, French, - fugitif

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In cases of criminal prosecution reasonable or probable cause exists where there are reasonable grounds for suspicion or belief that an offense was committed, and there are circumstances, sufficiently strong in themselves, to warrant an ordinarily cautious person to believe that the accused committed it. However, conjecture or unfounded suspicion do not constitute reasonable or probable cause.  2, record 35, English, - unfounded%20suspicion

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

soupçons mal fondés : terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel dans ce contexte.  2, record 35, French, - soup%C3%A7ons%20mal%20fond%C3%A9s

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[In the Criminal Code] crimes are... divided into two classes : offences punishable on summary conviction [and] indictable offences.... Summary conviction cases are the less serious offences. Following arrest or summons to appear in court, the accused person is tried by a magistrate without a jury.  7, record 36, English, - summary%20conviction%20offence

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En droit fédéral, on connaît deux types d'infractions, soit les actes criminels et les infractions punissables par voie de déclaration sommaire de culpabilité. [...] Il n'existe pas de différence de genre ou de nature entre les actes criminels (également désignés sous le vocable infractions punissables par voie de mise en accusation) et les infractions punissables par voie de déclaration sommaire de culpabilité (fréquemment appelées infractions sommaires ou infractions). La seule distinction réside dans la nature du mode de poursuite, la procédure étant plus complexe et plus lourde dans le cas des actes criminels et plus simple et plus expéditive en matière sommaire.  1, record 36, French, - infraction%20punissable%20par%20voie%20de%20d%C3%A9claration%20sommaire%20de%20culpabilit%C3%A9

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] l'expression «infraction sommaire» est fautive puisque ce n'est pas l'infraction qui est sommaire mais bien la procédure qui s'y applique.  5, record 36, French, - infraction%20punissable%20par%20voie%20de%20d%C3%A9claration%20sommaire%20de%20culpabilit%C3%A9

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Estos delitos se juzgan directamente, y mediante un procedimiento inmediato o abreviado, caracterizado por la rapidez y la sumariedad, por jueces del Tribunal de Magistrados.  2, record 36, Spanish, - delito%20punible%20por%20condena%20sumaria

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

To be convicted of aiding and abetting,... all that is necessary is for the accused to have known that the principal-the person who did the deed-intended to commit an offense and to have done some act, or omitted to do some act, in order to assist him.  4, record 37, English, - aid%20and%20abet

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where a service tribunal concludes that(a) the facts proved in respect of an offence being tried by it differ materially from the facts alleged in the statement of particulars but are sufficient to establish the commission of the offence charged, and(b) the difference between the facts proved and the facts alleged in the statement of particulars has not prejudiced the accused person in his defence, the tribunal may, instead of making a finding of not guilty, make a special finding of guilty and, in doing so, shall state the differences between the facts proved and the facts alleged in the statement of particulars.  1, record 38, English, - special%20finding%20of%20guilty

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le tribunal militaire peut prononcer, au lieu de l'acquittement, un verdict annoté de culpabilité lorsqu'il conclut que :a) d'une part, les faits prouvés relativement à l'infraction jugée, tout en différant substantiellement des faits allégués dans l'exposé du cas, suffisent à en établir la perpétration; b) d'autre part, cette différence n'a pas porté préjudice à l'accusé dans sa défense.  1, record 38, French, - verdict%20annot%C3%A9%20de%20culpabilit%C3%A9

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a statement made by the accused during the course and for the purposes of an assessment or treatment directed by a disposition, to the person specified in the assessment order or the disposition, or to anyone acting under that person's direction.  1, record 39, English, - protected%20statement

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] déclaration faite par l'accusé dans le cadre de l'évaluation ou du traitement prévu par une décision à la personne désignée dans l'ordonnance d'évaluation ou la décision ou à un préposé de cette personne.  1, record 39, French, - d%C3%A9claration%20prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9e

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

deliver to the proper authorities to be dealt with according to law.  1, record 40, English, - be%20dealt%20with%20according%20to%20law

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

a person accused of an extradition crime.  1, record 40, English, - be%20dealt%20with%20according%20to%20law

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

remettre aux autorités compétentes pour que la justice suive son cours.  1, record 40, French, - pour%20que%20la%20justice%20suive%20son%20cours

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A person accused of an illegal practice.  1, record 41, English, - be%20heard%20on%20one%26rsquo%3Bs%20own%20behalf

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The remainder were released and were given "No Go" to the area of 100 East Hastings. The conditions for release were on their own recognizance, a small cash bail or with one surety. In each instance, a "No Go" order was issued for the area encompassed by Main on the east, Pender on the south, Cambie on the west, and Cordova on the north.  1, record 42, English, - No%20Go%20order

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

an order given to an accused person upon release from custody to stay away from a certain area known for drug-trafficking or other illegal activities.  2, record 42, English, - No%20Go%20order

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Strict limitations exist on an accused’s ability to present evidence of other sexual activity by a victim of sexual assault.  2, record 43, English, - evidence%20concerning%20sexual%20activity

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... no evidence shall be adduced by or on behalf of the accused concerning the sexual activity of the complainant with any person other than the accused....  3, record 43, English, - evidence%20concerning%20sexual%20activity

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As a general rule, questions about your sex life are not allowed in court. However, if the accused is someone you know and someone with whom you have had sexual relations before, you may be asked questions about these sexual activities.  3, record 43, English, - evidence%20concerning%20sexual%20activity

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Do not confuse the terms "evidence concerning sexual activity" and "evidence of sexual reputation".  4, record 43, English, - evidence%20concerning%20sexual%20activity

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Si la plaignante connaissait son agresseur et avait déjà eu des relations sexuelles avec lui, elle pourrait être interrogée à ce sujet.  2, record 43, French, - preuve%20concernant%20le%20comportement%20sexuel

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Prior to any custodial interrogation(that is, questioning initiated by law enforcement officers after a person is taken into custody or otherwise deprived of his freedom in any significant way) the person must be warned... Unless and until these warnings or a waiver of these rights are demonstrated at the trial, no evidence obtained in the interrogation may be used against the accused.  2, record 44, English, - Miranda%20warnings

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a method by which the oaths of a number of persons as to the character of an accused person in a criminal case, or of a defendant in a civil case, were accepted as proof of his innocence in the one case or as proof in the other case that the claim made against him was not well founded....  1, record 45, English, - compurgation

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... the persons who made such oaths were known as compurgators.  1, record 45, English, - compurgation

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Témoignage (...) qui a pour effet de disculper.  2, record 45, French, - t%C3%A9moignage%20justificatif

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Autre source pour "témoignage justificateur" : R. c. Béland, 1987, 2 R.C.S. 398, p. 419.  3, record 45, French, - t%C3%A9moignage%20justificatif

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Trial by battle. The judicial combat : a method of trying the guilt of an accused person or a dispute as to the title to land, or a debt, by setting the two opposing parties to fight each other, the loser being punished, or failing in his claim, as the case might be... Clerks, infants, and those over 60 years of age might employ champions...  4, record 46, English, - trial%20by%20battle

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 DEF

The trial by wager of battel was a species of trial introduced into England, among other Norman customs, by William the Conqueror, in which the person accused fought with his accuser, under the apprehension that Heaven would give the victory to him who was in the right.  2, record 46, English, - trial%20by%20battle

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Duel entre l'accusateur et l'accusé ou leurs champions, dont le vainqueur était censé être assisté de Dieu et détenir le bon droit.  1, record 46, French, - combat%20judiciaire

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the distinction(...) between statutory and common law offences would have the effect of giving a defence of unreasonable mistake to a person accused of a crime, which(...) imported mens rea, but would limit the defence to one of reasonable mistake to a person accused of a crime which imported mens rea only by implication, the justification for the distinction is not apparent.  1, record 47, English, - unreasonable%20mistake

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish