TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A water-soluble, yellow orange fluorescent pigment that is essential to human nutrition as a component of the coenzymes : flavin mononucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide.  5, record 1, English, - riboflavin

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Riboflavin is a factor in the vitamin B-complex. Every plant and animal cell contains a minute amount. Good sources are milk, eggs, malted barley, yeast, liver, kidney, heart. It is necessary for healthy skin and respiration, protects the eyes from sensitivity to light, and is used for building and maintaining many body tissues.  6, record 1, English, - riboflavin

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Vitamin B₂.  7, record 1, English, - riboflavin

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: C₁₇H₂₀N₄O₆  7, record 1, English, - riboflavin

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vitamine hydrosoluble présente dans le lait, la viande, les œufs, le foie, etc. C'est aussi un pigment jaune utilisé pour colorer la masse et la surface de certains aliments.  3, record 1, French, - riboflavine

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La riboflavine présente un pouvoir vitaminique sous le nom de vitamine B. V. Vitamine. Dans la cellule vivante, on trouve habituellement la riboflavine combinée à une protéine.  5, record 1, French, - riboflavine

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ce composé [...] appartient à la classe des flavines, colorants jaunes dérivés de l'is-oalloxazine.  5, record 1, French, - riboflavine

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

vitamine B₂.  6, record 1, French, - riboflavine

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Formule chimique : C₁₇H₂₀N₄O₆  6, record 1, French, - riboflavine

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química: C₁₇H₂₀N₄O₆  3, record 1, Spanish, - vitamina%20B2

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The enzyme that converts glucose to gluconic acid and hydrogen peroxide in the presence of oxygen.  1, record 2, English, - glucose%20oxidase

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It is highly specific for [beta]-D-glucose. The enzyme is a glycoprotein, with about 10 percent carbohydrate and containing two molecules of FAD [flavin adenine dinucleotide] per protein molecule.  1, record 2, English, - glucose%20oxidase

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme catalysant l'oxydation du glucose par l'oxygène moléculaire et formant de l'acide gluconique et de l'eau oxygénée.  2, record 2, French, - glucose%20oxydase

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

phosphate group: Oxygenated phosphorus attached to a carbon chain (called inorganic phosphate when not attached.  3, record 3, English, - inorganic%20phosphate

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The ATP molecule consists of a nitrogen-containing organic base(adenine), a sugar(ribose) and a string of three phosphate groups.... In most of the reactions where ATP serves as an energy currency only the terminal phosphate group is involved. ATP is formed by attaching a third phosphate to adenosine diphosphate(ADP) with the elimination of water. The reaction does not proceed spontaneously; on the contrary, a substantial quantity of energy must be supplied. Much of that energy can then be recovered in the reverse reaction, in which ATP is split into ADP and inorganic phosphate.  4, record 3, English, - inorganic%20phosphate

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Most of the usable energy in the body comes from splitting the energy rich molecule adenosine triphosphate (ATP) into the lower-energy products adenosine diphosphate (ADP) and inorganic phosphate (Pi).  4, record 3, English, - inorganic%20phosphate

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La molécule d'ATP comprend une base organique qui contient un groupe azoté (l'adénine), un sucre (le ribose) et une série de trois groupements phosphate [...] La plupart des réactions où l'ATP fournit l'énergie ne font intervenir que le phosphate terminal. L'ATP se forme par addition d'un troisième phosphate à l'adénosine-diphosphate (ADP) et élimination d'une molécule d'eau. La réaction ne s'effectue pas spontanément; elle nécessite au contraire l'apport d'une quantité importante d'énergie dont la majeure partie peut ensuite être récupérée au cours de la réaction inverse dans laquelle l'ATP est scindé en ADP et en phosphate inorganique.  3, record 3, French, - phosphate%20inorganique

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La plus grande partie de l'énergie utilisable par l'organisme provient de la dégradation d'une molécule réservoir d'énergie, l'ATP (adénosine-triphosphate) en ADP (adénosine diphosphate), moins riche en énergie, et en phosphate inorganique (Pi).  3, record 3, French, - phosphate%20inorganique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A compound consisting of a sugar(ribose or deoxyribose), joined to a phosphate group and one of the following bases :adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine or uracil.  2, record 4, English, - nucleotide

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ribonucleotides and deoxyribonucleotides (collectively called nucleotides) are the building blocks of the nucleic acids, RNA and DNA, respectively.  3, record 4, English, - nucleotide

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nom générique du complexe formé par l'association d'un nucléoside avec l'acide phosphorique et entrant dans la constitution des acides nucléiques.  2, record 4, French, - nucl%C3%A9otide

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Selon le nombre de nucléosides entrant dans la molécule on distingue les mono-, les di- et les polynucléotides [et selon le type de sucres on distingue les déoxyribonucléotides et les ribonucléotides].  2, record 4, French, - nucl%C3%A9otide

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Les nucléotides portent le nom de la base qu'ils contiennent (adénine, guanine, cytosine, thymine ou uracile).  3, record 4, French, - nucl%C3%A9otide

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nucleósido fosforilado, es decir que se le ha agregado un grupo fosfatado, consistente en fósforo más cuatro átomos de oxígeno. Un nucleósido necesita convertirse en nucleótido para poder ser integrado a la cadena genética.  3, record 4, Spanish, - nucle%C3%B3tido

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The amount of guanine(G) + cytosine(C) divided by the amount of adenine(A) + thymine(T) + guanine + cytosine in a sample of deoxyribonucleic acid, usually expressed as mole percent of G + C. It has a range of about 22-75 percent for bacterial DNA.  1, record 5, English, - GC%20ratio

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Teneur du DNA en guanine + cytosine, généralement exprimée en pourcentage de ces deux bases par rapport à la somme totale des bases dans un DNA donné.  2, record 5, French, - pourcentage%20G%20%2B%20C

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any of a group of chemical compounds of which purine is the base, including adenine, guanine, xanthine and hypoxanthine which are constituents of nucleic acids, nucleotides and coenzymes.  2, record 6, English, - purine%20base

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term purine is often used as a synonym for purine base.  2, record 6, English, - purine%20base

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substance azotée dérivant du noyau purine, qui entre dans la constitution des nucléotides, des acides nucléiques et de certaines coenzymes. Suivant la substitution du noyau purine, on distingue l'adénine, la guanine, la xanthine et l'hypoxanthine.  2, record 6, French, - base%20purique

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme purine est souvent employé comme synonyme de base purique.  3, record 6, French, - base%20purique

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Base nitrogenada derivada de la purina, que forma parte de los nucleótidos, de los ácidos nucleicos y de muchas coenzimas.  1, record 6, Spanish, - base%20p%C3%BArica

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A nucleoside comprising adenine linked to D-ribose through a [beta]-glycosidic bond. Phosphorylated forms(AMP, ADP and ATP) are the major compounds involved in energy transfer in biological systems.  2, record 7, English, - adenosine

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nucléoside purique résultant de la condensation de l'adénine et du D-ribose. Ses esters monophosphorique (A.M.P.), diphosphorique (A.D.P.) et triphosphorique (A.T.P.) jouent un rôle essentiel dans le transport de l'énergie biochimique.  2, record 7, French, - ad%C3%A9nosine

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nucleósido de adenina.  2, record 7, Spanish, - adenosina

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sequence of nucleotides in a polynucleotide chain, as determined by the order of purine and pyrimidine bases of the nucleotides in the parent chain. Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine, and these pairs are complementary.  1, record 8, English, - complementary%20base%20sequence

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Séquences de polynucléotides conformes aux règles de complémentarité des bases. Où les bases A se lient sélectivement avec les bases T ou U, les bases C avec les bases G, assurant la cohésion de deux chaînes de DNA ou RNA.  2, record 8, French, - s%C3%A9quence%20nucl%C3%A9otidique%20compl%C3%A9mentaire

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The DNA double helix consists of two strands of nucleotides twisted round each other and linked by bonds between bases in each strand. Guanine(G) always pairs with cytosine(C), while adenine(A) always pairs with thymine(T). The continuous "ribbon"(the backbone) of each strand is composed of alternating sugar and phosphate sections.  2, record 9, English, - DNA%20double%20helix

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La double hélice d'ADN est constituée de deux chaînes de polynucléotides formant une double hélice qui s'enroule autour d'un même axe. Une chaîne contient, en l'espace d'une rotation autour de l'axe, environ 10 mononucléotides. Les bases sont à l'intérieur, perpendiculaires à l'axe, et il y a toujours association complémentaire de la thymine avec l'adénine, et de la cytosine avec la guanine.  2, record 9, French, - double%20h%C3%A9lice%20d%27ADN

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[double chaîne de l'ADN; double chaîne de l'acide désoxyribonucléique; double chaîne hélicoïdale de l'ADN :] synonymes peu utilisés.  2, record 9, French, - double%20h%C3%A9lice%20d%27ADN

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A pyrimidine base constituent of ribonucleic acids (RNA).  2, record 10, English, - uracil

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Its complementary base is adenine.  2, record 10, English, - uracil

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Base pyrimidique entrant dans la constitution des molécules d'ARN.  3, record 10, French, - uracile

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Una de las bases del ARN.  2, record 10, Spanish, - uracilo

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A pair of nucleotides in the complementary strands of a [nucleic acid] molecule that interact through hydrogen bonding across the axis of the helix.  3, record 11, English, - base%20pair

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Because DNA is double-stranded, the lengths of molecules are described as so many base pairs (bp).  2, record 11, English, - base%20pair

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[In general,] lengths of RNA molecules [are not] expressed in bp because most RNAs are single-stranded.  2, record 11, English, - base%20pair

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 3 OBS

[In DNA, ] one of the nucleotides in each pair is a purine(either adenine or guanine), and the other is a pyrimidine(either thymine or cytosine). Because of their spatial configuration, adenine always pairs with thymine, and guanine always pairs with cytosine.  3, record 11, English, - base%20pair

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans un [acide nucléique] double brin, paire de nucléotides complémentaires utilisé comme unité de mesure de la longueur d'une séquence.  3, record 11, French, - paire%20de%20bases

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[En général,] la longueur des molécules d'ARN [n'est pas] exprimée en paires de bases, car [la majorité de] ces molécules sont à simple brin.  4, record 11, French, - paire%20de%20bases

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

paire de bases : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  5, record 11, French, - paire%20de%20bases

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The post-transcriptional addition in the nucleus of a sequence of adenine nucleotides(the poly(a) tail) to the 3’ end of most eukaryotic mRNAs...  2, record 12, English, - polyadenylation

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Addition postranscriptionnelle d'un grand nombre de molécules d'adénine à l'extrémité 3' d'un ARN eucaryote, y formant une queue polyA. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation.]  2, record 12, French, - polyad%C3%A9nylation

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

polyadénylation : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  3, record 12, French, - polyad%C3%A9nylation

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Adición post-transcripcional de múltiples residuos de adenina al extremo 3' del ARN mensajero eucariótico.  1, record 12, Spanish, - poliadenilaci%C3%B3n

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An explanation of how a specific transfer RNA(tRNA) molecule can translate different codons in a messenger RNA template : there is some looseness in the alignment that allows the third base of the anticodon to pair with a base other than its normal complementary base. Other than the normal complementary pairs of guanine(G), with cytosine(C) and adenine(A) with uracil(U), G pairs with U, U pairs with G, and I(inosine) pairs with A, U, or C, where the first base of these pairs is the third base of the anticodon.  2, record 13, English, - Wobble

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[L'hypothèse] indique que pour la 3e base du codon, la règle d'appariement stricte des bases avec celle de l'anticodon n'est pas respectée.  1, record 13, French, - Wobble

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Hipótesis que] explica cómo un ARNt [ácido ribonucleico transmisor] puede reconocer a más de un codón.  1, record 13, Spanish, - hip%C3%B3tesis%20del%20titubeo

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Las dos primeras bases del codón y anticodón del ARNm [ácido ribonucleico mensajero] se aparean correctamente, pero la tercera base del anticodón tiene cierta flexibilidad que le permite aparearse bien con la base esperada o con una alternativa.  1, record 13, Spanish, - hip%C3%B3tesis%20del%20titubeo

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An N-substituted derivative of adenine that functions as a plant growth hormone and promotes the division of plant cells in mitosis.  2, record 14, English, - cytokinin

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hormone végétale de croissance ayant pour principale fonction de stimuler la mitose.  2, record 14, French, - cytokinine

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On dispose maintenant de cytokinines de synthèse très voisines des naturelles; elles agissent comme les hormones, stimulant la division et l'accroissement cellulaires ainsi que les synthèses protéiques. Elles sont, en outre, à l'origine de la néoformation de bourgeons. Elles lèvent la dormance de nombreuses graines, favorisent le développement des ébauches florales et allongent la durée de vie des feuilles.  3, record 14, French, - cytokinine

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The production of superoxide radicals at the membrane level(NADPH [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate] oxidase) is initiated in specialized cells(oxidative burst) with phagocytic functions(macrophages) and contributes to their bactericid action.  4, record 15, English, - superoxide%20radical

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Highly reactive compounds produced when oxygen is reduced by a single electron.  2, record 15, English, - superoxide%20radical

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

superoxyde : n.m. Nom générique de composés contenant l'ion O₂ dans lequel l'oxygène possède le nombre d'oxydation -0,5. Ex. : KO₂.  2, record 15, French, - radical%20superoxyde

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le radical superoxyde : comme déjà vu, 5% de l’oxygène que nous absorbons pour brûler les aliments, s’échappe sous la forme du radical superoxyde. Les globules blancs du système immunitaire utilisent également ce radical pour éliminer bactéries et virus. Au total, nous en fabriquons pas loin de 2 kg. tous les ans !  3, record 15, French, - radical%20superoxyde

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A precursor of adenosine triphosphate that is composed of adenine, deoxyribose and triphosphate.  2, record 16, English, - deoxyadenosine%20triphosphate

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Un précurseur de l'adénosine triphosphate qui est utilisé dans la synthèse d'ADN.  2, record 16, French, - d%C3%A9soxyad%C3%A9nosine%20triphosphate

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Only a limited number of compounds are frequently measured in routine clinical analyses. These indicator species have properties which make them suitable for sensitive, specific, and yet diverse clinical analyses. Common indicator species used in routine clinical analysis are nicotinamide adenine dinucleotides and oxygen and hydrogen peroxide.  2, record 17, English, - indicator

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Toute substance ou tout artifice physico-chimique permettant de déceler le terme d'une réaction, principalement en volumétrie, les singularités de sa marche, les impuretés dans les produits.  1, record 17, French, - indicateur

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La détermination du pH peut se faire par une méthode colorimétrique ou potentiométrique. La méthode colorimétrique est basée sur l'utilisation d'indicateurs colorés acido-basiques, c'est-à-dire des composés organiques appartenant à des couples acide-base de pK_A bien définis et pour lesquels la couleur de la forme acide est différente de celle de la forme basique.  2, record 17, French, - indicateur

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On distingue les indicateurs de pH ou acide-base, de fluorescence, d'oxydoréduction, d'absorption, de turbidimétrie, de complexométrie, etc.  1, record 17, French, - indicateur

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In [bacteria] Escherichia coli the respiratory chain is apparently simpler than it is in mitochondria. Electrons are carried to the respiratory proteins in the cell membrane by NADH and are donated to a flavin group analogous to [the flavin mononucleotide, ] FMN; the group is flavin adenine dinucleotide, or FAD. Like FMN, FAD is associated with a protein, and it carries two hydrogen atoms to the outer surface of the membrane, where the protons are released.  1, record 18, English, - flavin%20adenine%20dinucleotide

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chez (les bactéries) Escherichia Coli, la chaîne respiratoire est apparemment plus simple que dans les mitochondries. Les électrons sont transportés par le NADH jusqu'au protéines respiratoires de la membrane cellulaire et transférés à un groupement analogue (à la flavine-mononucléotide), FMN; il s'agit du flavine-adénine-dinucléotide ou FAD. Comme le FMN, le FAD est associé à une protéine et transfère deux atomes d'hydrogène à la surface externe de la membrane où les protons sont libérés.  1, record 18, French, - flavine%2Dad%C3%A9nine%2Ddinucl%C3%A9otide

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Coenzima que interviene en las reacciones metabólicas de oxidación-reducción.  1, record 18, Spanish, - flav%C3%ADn%20adenina%20dinucle%C3%B3tido

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A purine derivative [which constitutes] one of the major component bases of nucleotides and the nucleic acids DNA and RNA.  8, record 19, English, - 1H%2Dpurin%2D6%2Damine

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

1H-purin-6-amine: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry) for the systematic name corresponding to the CAS number indicated on the present record.  9, record 19, English, - 1H%2Dpurin%2D6%2Damine

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Also known under the commercial designation USAF CB-18.  10, record 19, English, - 1H%2Dpurin%2D6%2Damine

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Chemical formula: C₅H₅N₅  10, record 19, English, - 1H%2Dpurin%2D6%2Damine

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Base purique constituant l'une] des quatre bases azotées entrant dans la constitution des molécules d'acides nucléiques.  3, record 19, French, - 1H%2Dpurine%2D6%2Damine

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

1H-purine-6-amine : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée) pour le nom systématique correspondant au numéro CAS indiqué sur la présente fiche.  6, record 19, French, - 1H%2Dpurine%2D6%2Damine

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Sa base complémentaire, dans la double hélice de l'ADN, est la thymine, et c'est l'uracile au niveau des molécules d'ARN.  3, record 19, French, - 1H%2Dpurine%2D6%2Damine

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Formule chimique : C₅H₅N₅  8, record 19, French, - 1H%2Dpurine%2D6%2Damine

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Base nitrogenada que forma parte de molécula de los ácidos ribonucleicos y desoxirribonucleicos.  2, record 19, Spanish, - adenina

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Una de las cuatro bases que forman los nucleósidos que conforman un filamento de ADN. Los otros son citosina, guanina y timina.  3, record 19, Spanish, - adenina

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Fórmula química: C₅H₅N₅  4, record 19, Spanish, - adenina

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A hypoxanthine and adenine analogue that serves as a purine antagonist. It is utilized primarily as an antineoplastic agent since it is a potent inhibitor of DNA synthesis.  3, record 20, English, - mercaptopurine

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La mercaptopurine (6-MP) ne s'administre que per os, à des doses ne dépassant pas 100 mg/j, et souvent moins. C'est le seul produit qui ait résisté à la vogue des cures discontinues; des enfants atteints de leucémie aigue lymphoblastique en absorbent quotidiennement pendant plusieurs années.  2, record 20, French, - mercaptopurine

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Base purínica que contiene azufre y que no se encuentra en las nucleoproteínas animales. Polvo amarillo cristalino insoluble en agua y soluble en alcohol [...]  2, record 20, Spanish, - mercaptopurina

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We hope to elucidate the role of adenosine kinase(ADK) and that of the adenine salvage pathway in plant systems by isolating and characterizing ADK-deficient mutants from Arabidopsis thaliana. To achieve this goal, both a direct selection, previously employed for mammalian systems, and gene silencing are being used.  2, record 21, English, - adenosine%20kinase

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A compound consisting of a purine or pyrimidine base linked to D-ribose or D-deoxyribose.  2, record 22, English, - nucleoside

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Deoxyribonucleosides or ribonucleosides are collectively called nucleosides. A nucleoside differs from a nucleotide in lacking a phosphate. Nucleosides are named according to the base(adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil or thymine) they contain.  3, record 22, English, - nucleoside

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Molécule formée d'un pentose, le ribose dans l'ARN ou le désoxyribose dans l'ADN, lié à une base nucléotidique.  2, record 22, French, - nucl%C3%A9oside

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un nucléoside est, en quelque sorte, un nucléotide sans groupe phosphate.  3, record 22, French, - nucl%C3%A9oside

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Molécula con que se construye el ADN y el ARN, forma cadenas que componen el genoma y [según] la secuencia que guarda, constituye los diversos organismos.  2, record 22, Spanish, - nucle%C3%B3sido

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An enzyme involved in plant respiration.  4, record 23, English, - malic%20acid%20dehydrogenase

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The capital letter "S" between parentheses must be italicized.  3, record 23, English, - malic%20acid%20dehydrogenase

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Diastase intervenant dans le mécanisme de respiration des plantes.  3, record 23, French, - malate%20d%C3%A9shydrog%C3%A9nase

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

MDH : abréviation non officielle; ne pas l'utiliser seule, pour éviter tout risque de confusion.  2, record 23, French, - malate%20d%C3%A9shydrog%C3%A9nase

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 3 OBS

La lettre majuscule «S» entre parenthèses s'écrit en italique.  2, record 23, French, - malate%20d%C3%A9shydrog%C3%A9nase

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An anti-viral agent.  4, record 25, English, - adenine%20arabinoside

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Synthesized in 1960, it was subsequently found as a naturally occurring nucleoside in culture filtrates of streptomyces antibioticus. Mode of action nuclear but it probably inhibits viral DNA polymerase. It neither directly inactivates virus nor prevents attachment. It is active against herpesvirus and poxvirus; less so against adenovirus and papovirus. With the exception oncovirus the drug has no action against RNA viruses.  4, record 25, English, - adenine%20arabinoside

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

La principale substance utilisée, avant l'avènement de l'acyclovir, pour lutter contre les infections à herpèsvirus menaçant le pronostic vital, [et qui] agit également en l'absence de thymidine kinase.  2, record 25, French, - vidarabine

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

One of the organic bases found as a side roup in DNA.  3, record 26, English, - thymine

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Adenine always pairs with thymine and guanine with cytosine, but the sequence of the bases along a strand of DNA is variable and carries a particular coded message.  4, record 26, English, - thymine

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substance basique dérivée de la pyrimidine et entrant dans la constitution dés acides désoxyribonucléiques de la cellule vivante.  3, record 26, French, - thymine

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'appariement des bases se fait toujours entre l'adénine et la thymine de même qu'entre la guanine et la cytosine. Apparemment, la succession des bases sur un brin de DNA est tout à fait variable, mais leur arrangement constitue en fait un message codé particulier.  4, record 26, French, - thymine

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A certain type of sugar, found in RNA.  2, record 27, English, - ribose

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The ATP molecule consists of a nitrogen-containing organic base(adenine), a sugar(ribose) and a string of three phosphate groups. It is one of the class of molecules called nucleotides.  3, record 27, English, - ribose

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aldose, [...] dont l'énantiomère lévogyre, le L-ribose, se rencontre dans de nombreux nucléotides et dans les acides ribonucléiques.  2, record 27, French, - ribose

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La molécule d'ATP comprend une base organique qui contient un groupe azoté (l'adénine), un sucre (le ribose) et une série de trois groupements phosphate. Elle appartient à la classe de molécules qu'on appelle les nucléotides.  3, record 27, French, - ribose

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Coenzyme consisting of pantothenic acid linked to a mononucleotide based on adenine. It is an intermediate involved in the transfer of acetyl groups(with which it combines to form acetyl-CoA) and other fatty acyl groups which are bound to a thiol group on the molecule. It plays an important role in fatty acid synthesis and oxidation, as well as in the first step of the TCA cycle.  5, record 28, English, - coenzyme%20A

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

CoA ... was discovered as an essential cofactor for the acetylation of sulfanilamide in the liver and of choline in the brain. It has been established that CoA is involved in many biochemical reactions in the body as an "activator" of normally less reactive carbon fragments and a "transferer" of these fragments to different molecules.... After oxidative decarboxylation of pyruvic acid, CoA combines with the two-carbon acetate fragment to form acetyl-CoA or "active" acetate. Coenzyme A is necessary for the activation, synthesis, and degradation of fatty acids. Synthesis of cholesterol and ultimately the production of steroid hormones are also coenzyme A dependent.  6, record 28, English, - coenzyme%20A

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

CoA and CoA-SH are abbreviations for coenzyme A.  3, record 28, English, - coenzyme%20A

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Coenzyme des transacétylases, qui, grâce à son groupement fonctionnel thiol (présent dans la molécule de mercapto-éthylamine qui le compose), se combine à différents métabolites par une liaison «riche en énergie».  3, record 28, French, - coenzyme%20A

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le co-enzyme A dérive d'une vitamine du groupe B, l'acide pantothénique, qui est combiné, d'une part à un phosphate lequel est lié par une liaison pyrophosphate à une molécule d'adénosine 3'-5' diphosphate, d'autre part à une molécule de thio-éthylamine (ou cysté-amine). C'est le groupement thiol de cette dernière qui est la partie active de la molécule : son H peut être substitué par divers radicaux acyle (notamment acétyle) pour former des acyl-co-enzymes A ou acides gras activés qui chimiquement sont des thio-esters, composés très réactifs (acétyl-co-enzyme A, par exemple).  4, record 28, French, - coenzyme%20A

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

CoA et CoA-SH sont des abréviations de coenzyme A.  2, record 28, French, - coenzyme%20A

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Termes vieillis à éviter : - co-acétylase - co-acylase - co-enzyme d'activation - coenzyme des acylations - coenzyme acétylant - coenzyme de Lipmann.  2, record 28, French, - coenzyme%20A

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] reaction in photosynthesis in which light is absorbed, transferred between pigments, and used to generate the ATP [adenosine triphosphate] and reduced NADP [nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate] used in dark reactions for CO₂ fixation.  3, record 31, English, - light%20reaction

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus photochimique de la photosynthèse dans lequel une série de réactions stimulées par l'énergie lumineuse permettent la synthèse de l'ATP et transforment le NADP⁺ en NADPH.  2, record 31, French, - r%C3%A9action%20claire

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ATP est le sigle pour adénosine triphosphate, NADP pour nicotinamide adénine dinucléotide phosphate.  2, record 31, French, - r%C3%A9action%20claire

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

BLACKMAN en déduisit en 1905 que la photosynthèse comportait des réactions photosensibles et donc photochimiques (= réactions «claires»), et d'autre part des réactions indépendantes de la lumière, catalysées par des enzymes et donc dépendant de la température (= réactions «sombres»).  4, record 31, French, - r%C3%A9action%20claire

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La photosynthèse est un phénomène très complexe qui donne lieu à divers types de réactions chimiques. Les unes sont dites claires car elles dépendent directement de la lumière et assurent les transformations proprement photochimiques; les autres, dites obscures, précèdent ou prolongent ces transformations photochimiques vers des synthèses organiques, ou la reconstitution de molécules organiques servant aux transferts d'énergie.  5, record 31, French, - r%C3%A9action%20claire

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... you can add 50 to 100 ml of 0. 9% sodium chloride to the bag to make RBCs less viscous. No other diluents are suitable. The simplest way to add 0. 9% sodium chloride is through Y tubing. Red blood cells preserved with an additive solution(such as Adsol) that decreases viscosity(as opposed to citrate-phosphate-dextrose-adenine [CPDA]) won’t need diluting.  3, record 32, English, - anticoagulant%20citrate%20phosphate%20dextrose%20adenine%20solution

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

CPDA : Citrate phosphate dextrose and adenine. The anticoagulant used in different formulations for blood donations.  4, record 32, English, - anticoagulant%20citrate%20phosphate%20dextrose%20adenine%20solution

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Symbol for the reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide [NAD].  2, record 33, English, - NADH

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

NADH is the principal intermediary between the citric acid cycle and the enzymes in the inner mitochondrial membrane that eventually deliver electrons to oxygen, forming water.  3, record 33, English, - NADH

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Forme hydrogénée du nicotinamide adénine dinucléotide, transporteur de l'hydrogène nécessaire au métabolisme cellulaire.  3, record 33, French, - nicotinamide%2Dad%C3%A9nine%2Ddinucl%C3%A9otide%2Dhydrog%C3%A9n%C3%A9

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A grayish-white powder, soluble in water and methanol, that is a coenzyme in numerous dehydrogenasic reactions.  1, record 34, English, - nicotinamide%20adenine%20dinucleotide%20phosphate

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Co-enzyme de certaines déhydrogénases, intervenant dans les réactions très voisin du NAD dont il ne diffère que par un résidu phosphate supplémentaire.  2, record 34, French, - nicotinamide%2Dad%C3%A9nine%2Ddinucl%C3%A9otide%2Dphosphate

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The enzyme lactate dehydrogenase,... transfers electrons from lactate to the oxidized form of the coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, NAD⁺, to yield pyruvate, the reduced coenzyme NADH, and a proton.... The reduced form of the coenzyme, NADH, absorbs light in the ultraviolet at 340 nm; whereas the oxidized form NAD⁺, the lactate, and the pyruvate do not. Thus the progress of the reaction in the forward direction can be followed by measuring the increase in light absorption of the system at 340 nm in a spectrophotometer.  4, record 35, English, - nicotinamide%20adenine%20dinucleotide

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Coenzyme essentiel au métabolisme cellulaire intervenant dans les mécanismes d'oxydo-réduction (glycolyse, oxydations respiratoires terminales, réductions de l'azote) en agissant comme agent de transfert d'hydrogène et d'électrons.  3, record 35, French, - nicotinamide%20ad%C3%A9nine%20dinucl%C3%A9otide

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of adenine(A) plus thymine(T) to guanine(G) plus cytosine(C). In DNA the amount of A is equal to the amount of T, and the amount of G equals the amount of C, but the amount of A + T does not equal the amount of C + G. The A + T : G + C ratio is constant within a species but varies between species.  2, record 36, English, - base%20ratio

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans les molécules d'ADN, rapport du nombre des bases, qui s'exprime par la formule [...]; A et T désignent les basea azotées adénine et thymine, G et C, la guanine et la cytosine. À chaque catégorie d'ADN correspond une valeur de ce rapport qui lui est propre.  1, record 36, French, - rapport%20des%20bases

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En raison de contraintes d'ordre technique, les formules figurant dans la source BT-200 ne peuvent être reproduites.  2, record 36, French, - rapport%20des%20bases

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Genetic information is coded in DNA by means of four bases(two purines :adenine and guanine; and two pyrimidines : thymine and cytosine). Each adjacent sequence of three bases(a codon) determines the insertion of a specific amino acid. In RNA, uracil replaces thymine. There are 4³ or 64 possible triplets(codons, coding units or code words) for the standard set of 20 amino acids. These various code words have a three-dimensional structural relation with the amino acids for which they code.  2, record 37, English, - encode

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In the production of genes that encode for the major corrective tissue proteins.  3, record 37, English, - encode

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'ADN contient quatre types de nucléotides qui doivent coder pour 20 acides aminés. Comme des combinaisons de nucléotides 2 à 2 ne donnent jamais que 16 possibilités, les 20 acides aminés ne peuvent être déterminés sans équivoque que par des triplets, un groupe de 3 nucléotides (codon) code donc pour un acide aminé. Comme il n'y a que relativement peu de triplets non-sens qui ne codent pour aucun acide aminé, mais qui interrompent l'information, il faut que parmi les 64 combinaisons possibles de 3 nucléotides plusieurs codent pour le même acide aminé (code dégénéré).  2, record 37, French, - coder

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of adenine to hypoxanthine and ammonia.  1, record 38, English, - adenase

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ferment agissant comme désaminase, transformant l'adénine en hypoxanthine.  1, record 38, French, - ad%C3%A9nase

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) inhibitor 9-(2-phosphonylmethoxyethyl) adenine(PMEA) is a strong inducer of differentiation of several tumor cell lines. It is the prototype compound of a series of acyclic nucleoside phosphonate derivatives endowed with potent and selective anti-retroviral activity in vitro and in vivo.  1, record 39, English, - PMEA

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un autre type de composés bloquant la transcriptase reverse a été découvert en 1990 par la firme Janssen qui criblait «à l'aveugle» des anti-HIV : il s'agit de dérivés des benzodiazépines. Ces composés (TIBO et apparentés, HEPT, PMEA, BI-RG 578), lointains cousins des tranquillisants sont très actifs in vitro.  1, record 39, French, - PMEA

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pigs pretreated with diltiazem; tissue levels of adenosine triphosphate and nicotinamide adenine diphosphate measured at the end of occlusion where higher than control values.  1, record 40, English, - nicotinamide%20adenine%20diphosphate

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(...) la cellule se nourrit d'aminoacides, d'acides gras et de sucres. [Elle] les utilise pour reconstituer des macromolécules après divers processus d'activation, qui nécessitent l'intervention de composés riches en énergie (Adénosine triphosphate ou ATP) et de substances réductrices (comme la nicotinamide adénine diphosphate ou NADPH) produits à l'occasion de la dégradation de nutriments en anhydride carbonique (CO2) et en eau (H20).  1, record 40, French, - nicotinamide%20ad%C3%A9nine%20diphosphate

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The fractional degree to which the ATP-ADP-AMP system is filled with high-energy phosphate groups.  2, record 41, English, - energy%20charge

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The energy charge is 1 if the total adenine nucleotide pool is fully phosphorylated to ATP and 0 if the adenine nucleotides are "empty" and present only as AMP. Normally the energy charge of cells is about 0. 9, meaning that the adenylate system is almost completely charged.  2, record 41, English, - energy%20charge

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

L'importance (exprimée par un rapport fractionnel) des groupements phcophates riches en énergie dans le système ATP-ADP-AMP.  1, record 41, French, - charge%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Yamusa does import some of its new material for soya from Canada. This is open for licensing. In the area of pharmaceuticals it identified several opportunity areas : ATP, CDP-Choline; Cystosine arabinside and cyclocytidine, SDU, Adenine and Skosine.  1, record 42, English, - cyclocytidine

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vérification de l'hypothèse selon laquelle le facteur de croissance nerveuse (FCN), synthétise dans les tubules contournés granuleux et libéré par la glande salivaire (TCG et GS) exercerait une activité biologique sur ses cellules nerveuses sympathiques cible. L'injection de cyclocytidine produit une déplétion brutale de FCN dans les TCG de la glande sous-maxillaire [...]  1, record 42, French, - cyclocytidine

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contexte extrait de la base de données PASCAL.  1, record 42, French, - cyclocytidine

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In chloroplasts the electron-transfer chain has some carrier molecules similar to those of the respiratory chains of mitochondria and bacteria, but the flow of electrons is in the opposite direction. The chain begins with water and ends with a phosphorylated form of NAD+, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate, or NADP+.  1, record 43, English, - nicotinamide%20adenine%20dinucleotide%20phosphate

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans les chloroplastes, la chaîne de transfert des électrons fait intervenir des molécules porteuses semblables à celles des chaînes respiratoires des mitochondries et des bactéries, mais le flux d'électrons va en sens inverse. La chaîne part de l'eau pour aboutir à une forme phosphorylée du NAD+: le nicotinamide-adénine-dinucléotide-phosphate ou NADP+.  1, record 43, French, - nicotinamide%2Dad%C3%A9nine%2Ddinucl%C3%A9otide%2Dphosphate

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish