TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A measure of the climate of a growing region calculated by adding the mean temperatures for each day (minus a base temperature) over a growing season.  2, record 1, English, - heat%20summation

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grapes begin their growth cycle in the spring when average daily temperature is about 10 °C(50 °F). To reach maturity, they require a certain amount of heat above 10 °C during the growing season. This amount of heat, called the heat summation, is calculated by totalling the number of degrees of average daily temperature over 10 °C for each day of the growing season. A heat summation of about 1, 800 is required for successful growth. If the heat summation is less than required, the grapes will not ripen; they will reach the end of the growing season with insufficient sugar and too much acidity.... Where the heat summation is much greater than required,... the grapes mature earlier and with less acidity and colour than those produced under cooler conditions. Factors influencing the heat summation of a vineyard and, therefore, grape composition include exposure... air drainage..., soil temperature(above 10 °C during the growing season), and soil moisture content...  3, record 1, English, - heat%20summation

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

For grapes, the base temperature is 50 degrees F (10 °C).  2, record 1, English, - heat%20summation

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'université de Davis a défini, à la suite de relevés effectués entre 1950 et 1960, cinq zones départageant climatiquement le vignoble californien. Ces zones ont été déterminées à partir de la somme des températures en degrés-jours relevées pendant la période de végétation, l'objectif étant au départ de permettre aux nouveaux vignerons de retenir un encépagement favorable au contexte climatique.  1, record 1, French, - somme%20des%20temp%C3%A9ratures%20en%20degr%C3%A9s%2Djours

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT

De nombreuses études ont démontré que l'apparition des différents stades de développement de la vigne est fortement dépendante de la température [...] La température cumulée par la plante constitue un temps thermique lequel est exprimé en fonction de la somme de degrés-jours (DJ) calculés à partir des températures journalières et diminuées de la température physiologique de base de 10 °C, au-dessous de laquelle la croissance de la vigne est inhibée [...]  2, record 1, French, - somme%20des%20temp%C3%A9ratures%20en%20degr%C3%A9s%2Djours

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

To transport ... by the (especially horizontal) movement of air in the atmosphere.  2, record 2, English, - advect

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The strength of these cyclones can advect a significant amount of moisture northward, and, as a result, these systems are responsible for the heaviest(and largest scale) snowfalls in the RRV [Red River Valley], southern Manitoba, and western Ontario...  3, record 2, English, - advect

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'inflexion de la ligne de côte plus à l'ouest permet au vent d'advecter de l'air non influencé par les polluants primaires, mais fortement pollué par l'ozone [...]  1, record 2, French, - advecter

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The driving rain index(DRI) relates to the amount of moisture contained in exposed surfaces and will affect thermal conductivity of external surfaces.  2, record 3, English, - driving%20rain%20index

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The basic way of assessing the rain falling through a vertical plane is to calculate the driving-rain index (DRI). The DRI is simply the product of horizontal rain intensity and wind speed.  4, record 3, English, - driving%20rain%20index

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour assurer l'aptitude à l'emploi dans ce contexte, [le fabricant] recommande un indice de pluie battante de 3,0 m²/s comme [norme] de qualité minimale.  2, record 3, French, - indice%20de%20pluie%20battante

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

C'est le produit de la hauteur moyenne de pluie et de la vitesse moyenne du vent, sur une période déterminée.  3, record 3, French, - indice%20de%20pluie%20battante

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Magnitud que mide la cantidad de lluvia empujada por el viento contra una superficie vertical.  1, record 3, Spanish, - %C3%ADndice%20de%20la%20lluvia%20impulsada%20por%20el%20viento

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Es el producto de la altura media de la lluvia por la velocidad media del viento en un período dado.  1, record 3, Spanish, - %C3%ADndice%20de%20la%20lluvia%20impulsada%20por%20el%20viento

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pressed wool felt is a non-woven engineering fabric manufactured either solely from wool or from a wool and blended fibre mixture. Manufactured by means of compression, heat and moisture, it's construction depends upon the unique properties of the wool fibre.... This interlocking of fibres results in [a] structure that can be further enhanced with milling and hardening(this is the felting stage). The more the wool is felted, the firmer(denser) it becomes. The materials final hardness is in direct proportion to the amount of felting it has received.... the fabric is [then] dried under tension to stabilise it's manufactured thickness and width.  2, record 4, English, - pressed%20felt

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un feutre foulé est un feutre dont les fibres ont subi un raccourcissement par rentrage des cônes les uns dans les autres et aussi un enchevêtrement facilité par l'accrochage des rebords des cônes les uns aux autres. Après foulage, on constate que le feutre a subi un retrait important en longueur et en largeur et que son épaisseur et par conséquent son poids au mètre carré ont augmenté. Le foulage a donné au feutre la consistance et la solidité; il a fixé les dimensions.  1, record 4, French, - feutre%20foul%C3%A9

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As the boiler heats water, a substantial amount of condensation occurs. Instead of letting this valuable moisture simply evaporate, a condensate receiver, also called a condensate tank, captures it and sends it back to the boiler room so it can be reused.  4, record 5, English, - condensate%20tank

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Boron Deficiency. A small quantity of boron is required for normal growth of most plants. For some there is not much leeway between necessary and toxic amounts; other plants require or tolerate large amounts. Deficiency symptoms vary with the crop... Beets, turnips, other root crops. Black Heart, Brown Heart. Roots have dark spots; plants are gradually stunted and dwarfed; leaves are small, variegated, twisted. The interior of the beet or turnip has a dark brown to nearly black water-soaked area, sometimes with a hollow center. The amount of borax that can be added without injury depends on type of soil and moisture content.  1, record 6, English, - brown%20heart

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le manque de bore cause la maladie du «cœur brun» ou «pourriture du cœur» de la betterave. Les feuilles du cœur se développent mal, brunissent et meurent. Une déficience grave se marque par un noircissement subséquent du tissu intérieur, sous la couronne des feuilles. Une vacuole noire se forme, progressant vers l'intérieur de la racine. Parfois, de petites feuilles déformées se développent sur les bords de la vacuole. Lutte : l'application de borax, à raison de 20 à 25 kg/ha, doit être effectuée avant semis ou après la levée.  1, record 6, French, - c%26oelig%3Bur%20brun

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

No person shall sell prepared fish or prepared meat that contains more than : that amount of filler, fish binder or other ingredients that is represented by four per cent reducing sugars, calculated as dextrose,... 70 per cent moisture where such prepared fish contains filler.  1, record 7, English, - prepared%20fish

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Est interdite la vente de poisson préparé ou de chair de poisson préparée qui renferme : plus que la quantité de remplissage, de liant à poisson, ou d'autres ingrédients, que représente quatre pour cent de sucres réducteurs, calculés en dextrose [...] plus de 70 pour cent d'humidité, lorsque ledit poisson préparé contient du remplissage.  2, record 7, French, - poisson%20pr%C3%A9par%C3%A9

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le marché du poisson frais est, en France, concurrencé par deux types de poisson préparé : les produits fumés ou salés, dont le plus important est la morue salée; les produits surgelés, en quoi les spécialistes des pêches maritimes s'accordent à voir la formule d'avenir qui doit l'emporter sur les conserves et même le poisson frais.  3, record 7, French, - poisson%20pr%C3%A9par%C3%A9

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vaginal dryness occurs when the vagina doesn’t make the normal amount of moisture or lubrication.... Cancer treatments like surgery, chemotherapy or radiation therapy can cause a woman to go into menopause. One symptom of menopause is vaginal dryness.  1, record 8, English, - vaginal%20dryness

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La sécheresse vaginale apparaît lorsque le vagin ne produit pas la quantité habituelle d'humidité (lubrification). [...] Des traitements du cancer comme la chirurgie, la chimiothérapie et la radiothérapie peuvent déclencher la ménopause chez la femme. L'un des symptômes de la ménopause est la sécheresse vaginale.  1, record 8, French, - s%C3%A9cheresse%20vaginale

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As a part of such efforts, a simple method of artificial pollution test has been developed to evaluate the flashover characteristics of polluted insulators, especially those with large dimensions. In this test, a salt solution of various concentrations containing a certain amount of kaolin is prepared and sprayed on the entire surface of the insulator to give a required density of salt deposit and sufficient moisture.  1, record 9, English, - artificial%20pollution%20test

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

artificial pollution test: term standardized by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC).  2, record 9, English, - artificial%20pollution%20test

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La méthode d'essai sous pollution artificielle est largement utilisée. Elle consiste à reproduire au laboratoire les conditions de la pollution naturelle [...]  1, record 9, French, - essai%20sous%20pollution%20artificielle

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

essai sous pollution artificielle : terme normalisé par la Commission électrotechnique internationale (CEI).  2, record 9, French, - essai%20sous%20pollution%20artificielle

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A hygrometer which determines the amount of precipitable moisture in a given region of the atmosphere by measuring the attenuation of radiant energy caused by the absorption bands of water vapor; the instrument consists of a collimated energy source, separated by the region under investigation and a detector which is sensitive to those frequencies that correspond to the absorption bands of water vapor.  2, record 10, English, - spectral%20hygrometer

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hygromètre qui détermine le contenu de l'atmosphère en vapeur d'eau en mesurant le spectre d'absorption de celle-ci.  2, record 10, French, - hygrom%C3%A8tre%20spectral

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un des principaux points de l'étude de site réalisée au Grand Bénare fut la mesure de la quantité de vapeur d'eau atmosphèrique grâce à un hygromètre spectral.  1, record 10, French, - hygrom%C3%A8tre%20spectral

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a soil/duff drought index [developed by Keetch and Byram (1968]) that ranges from 0 (no drought) to 800 (extreme drought) and is based on soil capacity of 8 inches of water. Factors in the index are maximum daily temperature, daily precipitation, antecedent precipitation, and annual precipitation.  4, record 11, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Keetch Byram Drought Index(KBDI) provides a daily measure of soil dryness, which, in turn, gives an indication of water stress in plants. The KBDI represents the net effect of precipitation and evapotranspiration in producing cumulative moisture deficiency in deep duff or upper soil layers. The KBDI has a range from 0(no drought or soil moisture deficiency, i. e. soil at field capacity) to 2000(extreme drought, maximum soil moisture deficiency possible). The index can be viewed as the amount of rain needed to bring the soil back to saturation, with one mm of rain reducing the index by 10 points. The 0-2000 point scale is divided into three drought classes : 0-999=Low; 1000-1499=Moderate; 1500-2000=High. The KBDI is simple to calculate as it uses only two, daily weather observations-maximum temperature and 24-hour rainfall. The system functions in a book-keeping fashion where estimates of daily evapo-transpiration and measurements of precipitation increase or decrease the value of yesterdays index. The KBDI by itself is not a Fire Danger Rating System as it gives no indicate of the ease of ignition of the vegetation, or of the rate of fire spread, fire intensity and difficulty of control. It does however serve as a useful measure of drought occurrence.  7, record 11, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI): ... 0 - 200: Soil moisture and large class fuel moistures are high and do not contribute much to fire intensity. Typical of spring dormant season following winter precipitation. 200 - 400: Typical of late spring, early growing season. Lower litter and duff layers are drying and beginning to contribute to fire intensity. 400 - 600: Typical of late summer, early fall. Lower litter and duff layers actively contribute to fire intensity and will burn actively. 600 - 800: Often associated with more severe drought with increased wildfire occurrence. Intense, deep burning fires with significant downwind spotting can be expected. Live fuels can also be expected to burn actively at these levels.  9, record 11, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... the Palmer Drought Index (PDI) and the Keetch-Byram Drought Index (KBDI) ... were [both] developed by John Keetch and George Byram, and originally were developed as aids for agriculture. The ... KBDI is used extensively in the eastern states and also in some parts of the west.  10, record 11, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the metric system the value of the index is usually assumed to range from 0 to 200 mm (even though 800 points actually corresponds to 204 mm).  3, record 11, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Keetch-Byram Drought Index [is] a commonly-used drought index adapted for fire management applications ...  11, record 11, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 3 OBS

"Duff" is ... an important term in the fire weather program of the US Forest Service, used to describe the partially decayed organic matter on the forest floor which can become highly combustible during drought periods and contribute to the longevity and spread of forest fires. ... the Keetch-Byram Drought Index is sometimes referred to as the soil/duff drought index because it is a measure of how dry the soil and duff layers are.  6, record 11, English, - Keetch%2DByram%20drought%20index

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  2, record 11, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  3, record 11, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20Keetch%2DByram

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Milk which has been reduced to 1/2 or less of its original water content.  3, record 12, English, - evaporated%20milk

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

At present, Canadian law recognizes three types of evaporated milk, which are classified according to their fat content into regular, skim, and partly skimmed milk.  4, record 12, English, - evaporated%20milk

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The moisture is removed by evaporation. The milk contains no sugar and has a standardized amount of milk fat and milk solids, and is sterilized.  3, record 12, English, - evaporated%20milk

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Produit d'une concentration du lait par la chaleur, suivie d'une stérilisation en contenants hermétiques.  3, record 12, French, - lait%20%C3%A9vapor%C3%A9

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La loi canadienne reconnaît actuellement trois variantes de lait évaporé selon la teneur en matières grasse : régulier, écrémé et partiellement écrémé.  3, record 12, French, - lait%20%C3%A9vapor%C3%A9

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «lait concentré» a été adopté par le Comité intergouvernemental de terminologie de l'industrie laitière.  4, record 12, French, - lait%20%C3%A9vapor%C3%A9

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Leche que se obtiene mediante una deshidratación parcial de la leche, su conservación se asegura mediante la esterilización.  2, record 12, Spanish, - leche%20evaporada

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Leche evaporado no es sinónino de leche concentrada]. La leche evaporada es una leche de vaca esterilizada privada de parte de su agua de constitución. La leche concentrada es la leche de vaca pasterizada y privada de una mayor proporción de su agua de constitución que la evaporada. En el primer caso es necesaria la esterilización, ya que el grado de concentración es bajo (de alrededor del 26-30%) y puede haber desarrollo microbiano. En el caso de la concentrada basta una pasteurización, ya que el alto grado de concentración (42%) evita el desarrollo de microorganismos.  3, record 12, Spanish, - leche%20evaporada

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Certain types of clouds often appear before a storm. A nimbus cloud(nimbostratus and cumulonimbus) is a dark rain cloud [usually low in the sky]... Nimbus means "rain. "This kind of cloud contains a large amount of moisture. When we see it, we predict that it is going to rain. Rain is one kind of weather that clouds bring.  1, record 13, English, - rain%20cloud

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Prévisions : Nuage de pluie ou de neige. Les précipitations seront de longue durée si les vents sont du nord-est au sud, et de courte durée, s'ils sont du sud-ouest, de l'ouest ou du nord.  1, record 13, French, - nuage%20de%20pluie

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the mass of water vapor in the air to the mass of dry air.  4, record 14, English, - humidity%20ratio

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 DEF

humidity mixing ratio. The mass of vapor as a fraction of the mass of dry air with which it is mixed in a moist air parcel. Numerically indistinguishable from specific humidity in all but the most humid air.  3, record 14, English, - humidity%20ratio

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Humidity ratio is not affected by a temperature change unless it drops below the saturation temperature. Humidity ratio is useful in calculating the amount of moisture involved in a process, such as the amount removed by ventilating a stable or the amount added by an evaporative cooler used in a greenhouse. Humidity ratio is expressed as lb of water vapor per lb of dry air. Older references used grains of vapor per pound of dry air(7000 grains equal 1 lb.).  4, record 14, English, - humidity%20ratio

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Masse de vapeur d'eau par unité de masse d'air sec.  2, record 14, French, - rapport%20de%20m%C3%A9lange

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le nombre de grammes de vapeur d'eau par kilogramme d'air (unité g/kg) indique l'humidité spécifique. [...] Le rapport de mélange indique le nombre de grammes de vapeur d'eau par kilogramme d'air sec. Il ne se différencie que très peu de l'humidité spécifique.  3, record 14, French, - rapport%20de%20m%C3%A9lange

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amount of soil moisture, expressed as a percentage of the mass of dry soil, below which a plant dies by wilting.  6, record 15, English, - permanent%20wilting%20point

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Teneur en eau du sol, exprimée en pour cent de la masse du sol sec, au moment où les feuilles d'une plante qui pousse sur ce sol commencent à subir une réduction permanente de leur teneur en eau par suite d'une alimentation insuffisante.  3, record 15, French, - point%20de%20fl%C3%A9trissement%20permanent

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le flétrissement est dit [...] permanent lorsqu'il atteint un stade irréversible, la plante ne pouvant reprendre sa turgescence quelles que soient les conditions ultérieures d'alimentation hydrique et d'évaporation.  4, record 15, French, - point%20de%20fl%C3%A9trissement%20permanent

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Porcentaje de humedad de un suelo en el que las plantas se marchitan y no mejoran, aunque se las coloque en una atmósfera saturada de vapor de agua.  2, record 15, Spanish, - punto%20de%20marchitez%20permanente

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

MILO has proved to be an excellent stringed instrument wood, producing deep resonant bass tones. Combines well with top woods such as Spruce, Cedar, and Sequoia Redwood.  1, record 16, English, - stringed%20instrument%20wood

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Shigeru Yoshikawa (2007) Acoustical classification of wood for string instruments, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol. 122, nr.1, pp: 574-580, 2007.  2, record 16, English, - stringed%20instrument%20wood

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Most musical instrument wood is dried to a 7% to 10% moisture content. However, the wood will forever allow moisture to pass into and out of its structure. Each variety of wood has what is called its equilibrium moisture content(EMC). This is the moisture level at which the wood is at rest naturally at a given atmospheric temperature and humidity. It is not constant. When the air is wetter, there will be moisture absorbed by the wood to a new wetter level, which is not the same amount as the moisture level in the air.  4, record 16, English, - stringed%20instrument%20wood

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bois destiné à la fabrication des instruments de musique à cordes.  2, record 16, French, - bois%20de%20lutherie

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nos stages ont lieu dans notre atelier de lutherie, spécialement aménagé sur le site de notre scierie spécialisée dans le débit de bois de lutherie [...]  1, record 16, French, - bois%20de%20lutherie

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Type of electrical hygrometer using a humidity strip or electrolytic strip element.  2, record 17, English, - electrolytic%20hygrometer

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The electrolytic hygrometer consists of a flat plastic strip bounded by electrodes on two sides and coated with a hygroscopic chemical compound such as lithium chloride. The electrical resistance of this coating is a function of the amount of moisture absorbed from the atmosphere and the temperature of the strip.  3, record 17, English, - electrolytic%20hygrometer

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hygromètre fondé sur l'équilibre entre un sel hygroscopique et l'air humide, dont l'humidité relative est déduite de la résistance électrique du sel.  2, record 17, French, - hygrom%C3%A8tre%20%C3%A9lectrolytique

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When planting a prairie or native vegetation, plants are grouped not only by zones but also by the amount of moisture in the soil.... Wet-mesic is excessively wet in winter, spring, and after heavy rains, but dries in summer.  3, record 18, English, - wet%2Dmesic

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

wet-mesic: term used by Environment Canada.  4, record 18, English, - wet%2Dmesic

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'hespérie du Dakota se rencontrait autrefois dans les prairies humides-mésiques à grandes graminées et les prairies sèches-mésiques à graminées mixtes,  3, record 18, French, - humide%2Dm%C3%A9sique

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

humide-mésique : terme en usage à Environnement Canada.  4, record 18, French, - humide%2Dm%C3%A9sique

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A dense fog and/or drizzle from low stratus on the west coast of South America ...  3, record 19, English, - garua

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... it creates a raw, cold atmosphere that may last for weeks in winter and supplies a limited amount of moisture to the area.  3, record 19, English, - garua

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Brouillard dense et bruine de bas Stratus sur la côte ouest de l'Amérique du Sud.  1, record 19, French, - garua

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans la province de Coquimbo, le Chili change peu à peu de physionomie. Ce n'est plus le nord aride et désertique, et pas encore la verte vallée du centre. Les nuits sont froide, humides et les journées douces et tempérées. Un brouillard épais monte du sol chaque soir. Il part des portes du désert et s'arrête sur Coquimbo. Ce brouillard les gens du nord le nomment «la Camanchaca».  3, record 19, French, - garua

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Common adsorbents are either polar or hydrophilic types, or nonpolar, hydrophobic types. ... Nonpolar adsorbents, such as coal-derived carbons and activated carbons, are generally used to remove less polar contaminants from polar bulk streams ...  3, record 20, English, - nonpolar%20adsorbent

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[A] significant adsorptive characteristic is possessed not alone by carbons, charcoal and chars, but also by such materials as zeolite, silica, alumina, mica and some other. All these differ widely in the number and kinds of substances they adsorb, as well as in the amount of sorbed substances they will retain. In general, the silicaneous, metallic oxides and active earth types of adsorbents are electrically polar-that is, their molecular structure contains an unsymmetrical electron distribution. Since polar substances have strong attraction for one another and since water is highly polar, the polar adsorbents mentioned above retain water in preference to most other fluids and are, therefore, incapable of adsorbing non-aqueous gases efficiently from a humid atmosphere. For use in air conservation, however, which requires a sorbent to extract very small quantities of a very numerous variety of gases and vapors from either dry or humid air during a very brief interval of contact, non-polar adsorbents such as specially processed carbon of high activity, dense structure and extreme relative hardness have been found to be adequate. Activated carbon, being non-polar and hence electronically symmetrical in structure, has no particular affinity for moisture and preferentially adsorbs organic gases and vapors.  4, record 20, English, - nonpolar%20adsorbent

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les zéolithes sont des alumino-silicates cristallisés microporeux de formule globale (AlO₂M,nSiO₂) où M représente le plus souvent un métal alcalin ou alcalino-terreux et n [est plus grand que ou égal à] 1. Il existe plus de 100 espèces de zéolithes, différant par la valeur de n et la structure cristallographique. La présence de cations dans les micropores génère des champs électriques de l'ordre de 10¹⁰ V.m^-1, ce qui fait de ces corps de puissants adsorbants polaires. [...] Les alumines activées sont des adsorbants amorphes, moyennement polaires et hydrophiles.  2, record 20, French, - adsorbant%20non%20polaire

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[...] la cyclohexanone se désorbe très mal et [...] la désorption des éthers de glycol nécessite des essais préalables associant souvent des solvants de désorption polaires et non polaires.  3, record 20, French, - adsorbant%20non%20polaire

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An index used to gage the severity of drought conditions by using a water balance equation to track water supply and demand.  7, record 21, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Palmer Index was developed by Wayne Palmer in the 1960s and uses temperature and rainfall information in a formula to determine dryness. It has become the semi-official drought index. The Palmer Index is most effective in determining long term drought-a matter of several months-and is not as good with short-term forecasts (a matter of weeks). It uses a 0 as normal, and drought is shown in terms of minus numbers; for example, minus 2 is moderate drought, minus 3 is severe drought, and minus 4 is extreme drought. ... The Palmer Index can also reflect excess rain using a corresponding level reflected by plus figures; i.e., 0 is normal, plus 2 is moderate rainfall, etc.  8, record 21, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Palmer Drought Severity Index(PDSI)... compares the actual amount of precipitation received in an area during a specified period with the normal or average amount expected during that same period. It was developed to measure lack of moisture over a relatively long period of time and is based on the supply and demand concept of a water balance equation. Included in the equation are amount of evaporation, soil recharge, and runoff and temperature and precipitation data.  9, record 21, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 3 CONT

PALMER DROUGHT INDEX [is] a long-term meteorological drought severity index produced by the NOAA/USDA (Department of Agriculture) Joint Agricultural Weather Facility [that] depicts prolonged times, as in months or years, of abnormal dryness or wetness [over large regions]. It responds slowly, changing little from week to week, and reflects long-term moisture runoff, recharge, and deep percolation, as well as evapotranspiration.  10, record 21, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 4 CONT

Literature describing the suite of indices for measuring drought that are collectively known as "PDI"; including the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI), Palmer Hydrologic Drought Index (PHDI) ...  5, record 21, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Palmer Index has long been used by the agriculture community to anticipate the potential effects of weather on crop development and yield.  11, record 21, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Palmer Drought Index [is] published periodically by the Joint Agricultural Weather Facility.  11, record 21, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 3 OBS

... this [PDSI] index is calculated weekly by the National Weather Service [(United States)].  7, record 21, English, - Palmer%20drought%20severity%20index

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est donc évident que les États-Unis reçoivent plus de pluies, plutôt que l'inverse. Cela peut se vérifier en examinant les indices hydrologiques, tels que l'indice Palmer de gravité de sécheresse qui mesure à la fois les sécheresses et les précipitations extrêmes.  5, record 21, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20de%20Palmer

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

De nombreux indices de sécheresse ont été élaborés pour tenter de combiner les divers paramètres influant sur les sécheresses en un chiffre unique. À titre d'exemple, citons l'indice de précipitation cumulative, fondé sur un paramètre unique, celui des précipitations, et l'indice Palmer de gravité de sécheresse, plus complexe, basé sur une analyse en profondeur du bilan des eaux superficielles et une comparaison entre les valeurs réelles et les valeurs possibles compte tenu du climat.  6, record 21, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20de%20Palmer

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «sècheresse».  7, record 21, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20de%20Palmer

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sècheresse : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  8, record 21, French, - indice%20de%20s%C3%A9v%C3%A9rit%C3%A9%20de%20s%C3%A9cheresse%20de%20Palmer

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A numerical rating of the total amount of fuel available for combustion that combines DMC [Duff Moisture Code] and DC [Drought Code].  3, record 22, English, - buildup%20index

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Buildup index is] referred to as the Adjusted Duff Moisture Code or ADMC between 1969 and 1975.  3, record 22, English, - buildup%20index

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cote numérique de la quantité totale de matière forestière disponible pour la combustion qui combine l'IHH_{d'humidité de l'humus} et l'IS_{de sécheresse}.  3, record 22, French, - indice%20du%20combustible%20disponible

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The rainfall which is deflected, by strong winds, from its normal vertical fall and is intercepted by the walls of buildings.  2, record 23, English, - driving%20rain%20on%20buildings

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Numerical calculation of driving rain on buildings. Rain, which is given a horizontal velocity component by the influence of wind, is termed wind-driven or driving rain. Driving rain is one of the main sources to the amount of moisture a building is exposed to, and thereby contributes to the processes deteriorating the building envelope. Knowledge about the exposure of a building to driving rain is needed in order to minimise the deteriorating processes, and thus contributes to ensure a satisfactory performance of the building design.  3, record 23, English, - driving%20rain%20on%20buildings

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pluie qui est défléchie, par de forts vents, de sa trajectoire verticale normale et interceptée par les murs des bâtiments.  1, record 23, French, - pluie%20chass%C3%A9e%20sur%20les%20b%C3%A2timents

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Lluvia que durante períodos de vientos fuertes es desviada de la vertical por el viento y es interceptada por los edificios.  1, record 23, Spanish, - lluvia%20impulsada%20por%20el%20viento%20contra%20los%20edificios

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Her interest in history of meteorology is an ongoing project on the history of satellite remote sounding of meteorological data and the controversy over the use of satellite data in the operational weather forecast model.  2, record 24, English, - meteorological%20remote%20sounding

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

meteorological sounding: Determination of the profile of the atmosphere at different altitudes, usually by means of radio or satellite signals.  3, record 24, English, - meteorological%20remote%20sounding

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

remote sounding: The use of remote sensing equipment to observe and measure the characteristics of the Earth’s surface and various atmospheric elements.  5, record 24, English, - meteorological%20remote%20sounding

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Physical basis of remote sounding. A sounding is a vertical profile of atmospheric temperature, moisture or some other parameter. Soundings, including measurements of total water vapour content, total ozone, cloud height, cloud amount, surface temperature, etc., can be obtained from remote measurements of spectral radiance through carefully selected channels, often in the infrared(IR) or microwave regions of the electromagnetic spectrum.  6, record 24, English, - meteorological%20remote%20sounding

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Détermination du profil vertical des paramètres d'état de l'atmosphère.  2, record 24, French, - t%C3%A9l%C3%A9sondage%20m%C3%A9t%C3%A9orologique

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Driving rain is rain that is carried by the wind and driven onto the building envelope (façades and roofs). It is a complex phenomenon of falling raindrops in a turbulent flow of wind around a building. It is one of the important climatological factors which determine long-term use and durability of building envelopes.  6, record 25, English, - driving%20rain

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Numerical calculation of driving rain on buildings. Rain, which is given a horizontal velocity component by the influence of wind, is termed wind-driven or driving rain. Driving rain is one of the main sources to the amount of moisture a building is exposed to, and thereby contributes to the processes deteriorating the building envelope. Knowledge about the exposure of a building to driving rain is needed in order to minimise the deteriorating processes, and thus contributes to ensure a satisfactory performance of the building design.  7, record 25, English, - driving%20rain

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La pénétration de la pluie qui est causée par les pressions du vent constitue un problème important du point de vue de la performance en construction, mais au fur et à mesure que l'on en connaîtra davantage sur le rapport entre la pluie et le vent, il sera possible de concevoir de façon économique des édifices qui sont plus en mesure de résister à la pluie chassée par le vent.  2, record 25, French, - pluie%20chass%C3%A9e%20par%20le%20vent

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Exposition à de la pluie chassée par le vent en provenance de toutes les directions.  3, record 25, French, - pluie%20chass%C3%A9e%20par%20le%20vent

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The rain gauge measures how much rain falls. Rainfall is measured by the depth of water that would lie on the ground if none of the rain escaped. Place your rain gauge out in the open. Measure the amount of liquid in the moisture which falls daily during your field study.  2, record 26, English, - in%20the%20open

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Rain Gauge (Optional) Location: - in the open, away from overhanging trees; - well clear of the house or other structures that might block blowing rain; - easily accessible for periodic inspection and cleaning.  3, record 26, English, - in%20the%20open

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qui n'est pas couvert par un abri naturel ou artificiel.  1, record 26, French, - %C3%A0%20ciel%20ouvert

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Water substance in vapor form; one of the most important of all constituents of the atmosphere.  6, record 27, English, - water%20vapor

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Water vapour is the source for all forms of precipitation, and, in addition is an important absorber and emitter of infrared radiation.  7, record 27, English, - water%20vapor

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Water vapor is important not only as the raw material for cloud and rain, but also as a vehicle for the transport of energy (latent heat) and as a regulator of planetary temperatures via the greenhouse effect.  6, record 27, English, - water%20vapor

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The amount of water vapor(moisture) may be measured in a number of different ways : absolute, specific, or relative humidity; mixing ratio; dew point and vapor pressure.  4, record 27, English, - water%20vapor

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Eau contenue dans l'atmosphère à l'état gazeux.  3, record 27, French, - vapeur%20d%27eau

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La vapeur d'eau de l'atmosphère provient de l'évaporation à la surface des océans, des mers, des lacs, des cours d'eau, des sols humides, et de l'évapotranspiration des couverts végétaux [...] En se condensant, elle forme des nuages et retombe sous forme de pluie ou de neige. L'eau émet de la vapeur d'eau à toute température, même quand elle est gelée sous forme de glace ou de neige.  4, record 27, French, - vapeur%20d%27eau

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le premier élément du système climatique susceptible de réagir à une variation climatique est la vapeur d'eau. Celle-ci constitue d'assez loin le premier des gaz à effet de serre, donc celui qui induit l'impact radiatif le plus important.  5, record 27, French, - vapeur%20d%27eau

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Agua en su fase gaseosa.  3, record 27, Spanish, - vapor%20de%20agua

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vertical distance between the level of the cloud base and that of the cloud top.  4, record 28, English, - vertical%20extent%20of%20a%20cloud

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The vertical extent of clouds formed by thermal lifting is determined by the moisture content and stability of the lifted air. In air containing a large amount of water vapour, more water is available and so a thicker cloud may be produced. In unstable air, the vertical currents extend to greater heights, tending to thicken the clouds.  2, record 28, English, - vertical%20extent%20of%20a%20cloud

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Distance verticale entre le niveau de la base d'un nuage et celui de son sommet.  3, record 28, French, - extension%20verticale%20d%27un%20nuage

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La distinction la plus simple et la plus rationnelle consiste d'abord à opposer les nuages à développement vertical et les autres, c'est-à-dire ceux dont les dimensions horizontales excèdent de beaucoup l'épaisseur et dont l'étagement est relativement bien établi.  2, record 28, French, - extension%20verticale%20d%27un%20nuage

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Distancia vertical entre el nivel de la base y el nivel de la cima de la nube.  1, record 28, Spanish, - espesor%20vertical%20de%20una%20nube

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The amount of water that evaporates from the surface and is transpired by plants if the total amount of water is limited.  3, record 29, English, - actual%20evapotranspiration

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Actual Evapotranspiration(AET)... equals PET [potential evapotranspiration], if the maximum percolation(i. e. adjusted precipitation less overland runoff) is greater than or equal to PET. If maximum percolation is less than PET, then there is not enough new moisture to entirely satisfy PET. Thus, AET will equal the sum of maximum percolation and the amount by which soil moisture storage is reduced(i. e., maximum percolation minus the change in soil moisture storage between the current and previous months).  2, record 29, English, - actual%20evapotranspiration

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] somme des quantités de vapeur d'eau évaporées par le sol et par les plantes quand le sol est à son humidité spécifique actuelle et les plantes à un stade de développement physiologique et sanitaire réel.  5, record 29, French, - %C3%A9vapotranspiration%20r%C3%A9elle

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] l'évapotranspiration potentielle se distingue de l'évapotranspiration réelle, E.T.R. qui représente l'eau perdue en réalité, réduite par rapport à E.T.P.  3, record 29, French, - %C3%A9vapotranspiration%20r%C3%A9elle

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] l'évaporation réelle ET correspond à ce que l'on a longtemps appelé évapotranspiration réelle ETR.  2, record 29, French, - %C3%A9vapotranspiration%20r%C3%A9elle

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Suma de las cantidades de vapor de agua evaporadas del suelo y de las plantas, cuando el terreno tiene su contenido real de humedad.  3, record 29, Spanish, - evapotranspiraci%C3%B3n%20real

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A machine used by the dairy industry to make powdered milk. The general principle of operation is that a stream of milk is very finely atomized and blown into a stream of heated air. The extremely large amount of surface presented by the droplets of milk causes evaporation of moisture, the fluids being left in the form of a dry powder.  3, record 30, English, - spray%20dryer

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pour la fabrication de la poudre de lait  6, record 30, French, - s%C3%A9choir%2Datomiseur

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An amount of wood that weighs 2000 lb at 0% moisture content.  5, record 31, English, - bone%2Ddry%20ton

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In order to facilitate the interpretation of the data collected from the various mills, the total wood input to the mill was converted to oven dry tons (ODT) and all residue generated in the form of bark, sawdust and fines, and shavings have also been reduced to oven dry tons. Input wood tonnages are calculated from test data obtained from certain of the mills visited, as well as by wood measure to solid wood conversion factors used by some of the mills visited.  6, record 31, English, - bone%2Ddry%20ton

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Par ordre de coût et de disponibilité, la biomasse forestière se présente sous forme de résidus des scieries, de déchets forestiers et de bois de chauffage. Selon les estimations, la production est de 7,5, 31 et 72 tonnes anhydres par année respectivement.  3, record 31, French, - tonne%20anhydre

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette justification provient d'un ouvrage traduit et se trouve à la page «Résumé», après la table des matières.  4, record 31, French, - tonne%20anhydre

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The amount of moisture retained by a soil initially at a high water content, which is permitted to drain by gravity, for a specified period of time, usually 2-3 days.  2, record 32, English, - field%20capacity

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As the water enters the soil, air is displaced and the surface soil "wets up" that is the soil pores are filled with water. Continued application will result in further downward movement and air replacement... the soil is said to be saturated with respect to water and is at its maximum retentive capacity.  7, record 32, English, - field%20capacity

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Part of this coolness is due to the water-holding ability of the forest ecosystem.  9, record 32, English, - field%20capacity

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

field capacity: term also used in the field of agrometeorology.  12, record 32, English, - field%20capacity

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantité d'eau retenue dans un sol après que l'eau de gravité s'est écoulée.  10, record 32, French, - capacit%C3%A9%20au%20champ

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La capacité de rétention correspond sensiblement à la quantité maxima d'eau capillaire retenue par le sol.  11, record 32, French, - capacit%C3%A9%20au%20champ

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Dans le sol, cette teneur en eau maximale se définit par la quantité d'eau, par unité de volume ou de masse, restant après ressuyage d'un sol initialement saturé d'eau, on l'appelle capacité au champ.  12, record 32, French, - capacit%C3%A9%20au%20champ

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cantidad de agua retenida en un suelo después de drenar el agua de gravedad.  4, record 32, Spanish, - capacidad%20de%20campo

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Measure of the uniformity of irrigation water distribution over a field.  5, record 33, English, - distribution%20efficiency

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Recommended Irrigation Efficiency Definitions. ... Distribution Efficiency (Ed): Water received at field inlets.  3, record 33, English, - distribution%20efficiency

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Irrigation efficiencies. Distribution efficiency (ed) is defined as ... the relation of volume of water delivery to the plots plus other users in relation to the volume of water delivered to the distribution systems.  4, record 33, English, - distribution%20efficiency

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 3 CONT

"Irrigation efficiency" means the measurement of the amount of water beneficially used divided by the amount of water applied. Irrigation efficiency is a product of distribution efficiency(DE)-based upon characteristics of the various types of sprinklers/emitters, and application efficiency(AE)-based upon characteristics of the various types of irrigation system controls such as moisture sensors, etc.  2, record 33, English, - distribution%20efficiency

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] (du forage à la borne d'irrigation) [...] rapport du volume d'eau pompé au forage sur celui à la sortie des bornes d'irrigation.  1, record 33, French, - efficience%20de%20distribution%20et%20d%27adduction

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] nous avons défini trois types d'efficiences hydrauliques : Ed : efficience de distribution et d'adduction [...] Ea : efficience d'application [...] Ete : efficience des techniques d'irrigation [...]  1, record 33, French, - efficience%20de%20distribution%20et%20d%27adduction

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les pertes d'eau dans le réseau de distribution et d'adduction. [...] Parmi ces pertes qui peuvent avoir plusieurs origines, on peut distinguer les pertes normales et quasi obligatoires d'exploitation qui se manifestent par la présence des vannes usées sous l'effet des manipulations répétées, des ventouses censées dégager l'air emprisonné dans le réseau, ne sont pas fonctionnelles, et des canalisations suite à un aménagement défectueux du lit de pose des conduites, qui ont une mauvaise étanchéité. Ces pertes sont estimées par le bureau d'étude APIOS à 10 % soit une efficience de distribution et d'adduction de l'eau du forage jusqu'à la borne d'irrigation d'environ 90 %.  1, record 33, French, - efficience%20de%20distribution%20et%20d%27adduction

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The amount of moisture required to restore a soil sample to its field capacity.  3, record 34, English, - soil%20moisture%20deficit

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... Soil Moisture Deficit(SMD)... is the amount of water that is required to bring a soil back to field capacity once some of the available water has been used up. Irrigation typically takes place when a predetermined SMD has been reached. This SMD may typically be 30-70% or so of the available water figure. Example :-If field capacity is 22 mm, and the available water capacity is 14 mm(this means that there is 8 mm of water which is unavailable to the plant!), then you may decide to irrigate when the SMD has reached within the range 4 mm-10 mm(i. e. between 30% and 70% of 14 mm) : If you wait until there is a SMD of 30%, there will be 4 mm of available water left in the soil, in this example. The deficit is not brought back to field capacity in practice, but maybe 80-90% of it as this allows for any unforeseen rainfall that may occur. Thus, 90% of this example field capacity is 20 mm,(i. e. 90/100 x 22 mm).  2, record 34, English, - soil%20moisture%20deficit

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantité d'humidité nécessaire pour ramener un échantillon de sol à sa capacité au champ.  1, record 34, French, - d%C3%A9ficit%20d%27humidit%C3%A9%20du%20sol

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cantidad de humedad requerida para que una muestra representativa del suelo recupere su capacidad de campo.  1, record 34, Spanish, - d%C3%A9ficit%20de%20humedad%20del%20suelo

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the water actually consumed by crops on an irrigated area to the amount of water diverted from the source onto the area.  2, record 35, English, - irrigation%20efficiency

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Irrigation efficiency" means the measurement of the amount of water beneficially used divided by the amount of water applied. Irrigation efficiency is a product of distribution efficiency(DE)-based upon characteristics of the various types of sprinklers/emitters, and application efficiency(AE)-based upon characteristics of the various types of irrigation system controls such as moisture sensors, etc.  3, record 35, English, - irrigation%20efficiency

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Beneficial uses include satisfying the soil water deficit and any leaching requirement to remove salts from the root zone.  4, record 35, English, - irrigation%20efficiency

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The ratio [is] expressed as a percent.  4, record 35, English, - irrigation%20efficiency

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport de la quantité d'eau réellement absorbée par les plantes cultivées sur une surface irriguée à la quantité d'eau dérivée de la source d'alimentation pour l'irrigation de cette même surface.  2, record 35, French, - efficience%20d%27irrigation

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'efficience d'irrigation devait passer de 40 à 60%.  1, record 35, French, - efficience%20d%27irrigation

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The maximum amount of water air can hold at a given temperature.  3, record 36, English, - saturation%20humidity

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Humidity is the amount of moisture in the air. Air at a given temperature can hold only a certain amount of moisture, and no more. This is called 'saturation humidity’. Humidity is measured as a percentage of this saturation humidity(100 per cent) and is referred to as ’relative humidity’.  4, record 36, English, - saturation%20humidity

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Relative Humidity. The amount of water vapor in the air relative to that which it is capable of holding at a given temperature.  3, record 36, English, - saturation%20humidity

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans l'atmosphère, l'humidité à saturation dépend de la température et de la pression.  2, record 36, French, - humidit%C3%A9%20%C3%A0%20saturation

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'humidité spécifique d'une masse d'air est mesurée par le rapport du poids de l'eau contenue sur le poids de l'air. L'humidité relative est le rapport du poids de l'eau contenue sur le poids de l'eau contenue en atmosphère saturée. L'humidité à saturation varie avec la température de l'air : au niveau du sol, elle est de 5 g d'eau par m³ d'air à 0 °C mais 30 g par m³ à 30 °C.  3, record 36, French, - humidit%C3%A9%20%C3%A0%20saturation

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Crops grow reasonably well with widely different amounts of water in the atmosphere but when the air immediately surrounding the leaves becomes too dry, growth will be checked. If there is an adequate amount of water in the soil, supplied either by rain or irrigation, the plants can ordinarily absorb and transpire enough water to maintain a moderately moist atmosphere around the leaves, but when soil moisture is deficient and the evaporating power of the air is high, water will be lost from the leaves faster than it can be obtained from the soil and the plant will wilt and be unable to grow efficiently. Thus, the dryness of the air as well as the dryness of the soil is likely to limit crop production.  1, record 37, English, - evaporating%20power%20of%20the%20air

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The only factors affecting ET_o are climatic parameters. Consequently, ET_o is a climatic parameter and can be computed from weather data. ET_o expresses the evaporating power of the atmosphere at a specific location and time of the year and does not consider the crop characteristics and soil factors. The FAO Penman-Monteith method is recommended as the sole method for determining ET_o.  3, record 37, English, - evaporating%20power%20of%20the%20air

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Notion théorique traduisant la quantité d'eau qui serait évaporée à bilan radiatif nul.  1, record 37, French, - pouvoir%20%C3%A9vaporant%20de%20l%27air

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le pouvoir évaporant de l'air ne dépend que des caractéristiques de l'air : déficit de saturation et vent. Il peut être exprimé par le terme Ea figurant dans l'équation de Penman et estimé à partir de l'évaporation mesurée sous l'abri météorologique.  1, record 37, French, - pouvoir%20%C3%A9vaporant%20de%20l%27air

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The water travels down with a velocity, v(v=ksin). There is no rain r evaporation from time 0 to t. Thus, the moisture content at x and t... is the same as the moisture content(let's say location xA at time 0) at a distance x-xA uphill from x.... The moisture content at location xA is dependent on the rainfall with rate I prior to time 0 and is determined by moisture content at the top of the slope, 0, plus the amount of rainfall that fell during the time needed to travel from the top to xA.... By imposing dK/d to be constant, we effectively ignore the slow drainage as decreases and, thus, enhance the gravity effect artificially compensating for the fact that we ignored possible macropore flow.  1, record 38, English, - gravity%20effect

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] la vitesse d'infiltration résulte de deux effets : - l'effet de succion, prédominant en début d'infiltration et décroissant rapidement à mesure que la profondeur du sol humecté augmente; - l'effet de la pesanteur pratiquement seul à intervenir au bout d'un certain temps quand la profondeur humectée est suffisamment grande.  1, record 38, French, - effet%20de%20pesanteur

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The measurement of soil moisture is an important aspect of irrigation scheduling. This measurement verifies that the proper amount of water is being applied. Here are a few common methods used for soil moisture measurement.... Soil feel test... Tensiometers... Electrical resistance blocks.  1, record 39, English, - soil%20moisture%20measurement

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mesure de l'humidité du sol. On citera en particulier : - La méthode par prélèvement d'échantillons du sol [...].- La méthode neutronique (sonde à neutrons) [...]. - La méthode par choc thermique [...]. - Les méthodes basées sur la mesure d'une résistance ou d'une capacité électrique du sol ou d'éléments hygroscopiques [...]. - Les méthodes basées sur la mesure du potentiel matriciel par tensiomètres [...]  1, record 39, French, - mesure%20de%20l%27humidit%C3%A9%20du%20sol

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[...] les progrès de la métrologie ont surtout porté sur la mesure de l'humidité du sol, mesure de plus en plus importante, non seulement pour la modélisation LSP, mais aussi la prévision à moyenne échelle.  2, record 39, French, - mesure%20de%20l%27humidit%C3%A9%20du%20sol

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Whether washing is used or not, the wheat must be brought to a specific moisture content to prepare it for milling. This is achieved by several cycles of wetting and resting. In milling technology this is called tempering. The wetting is carried out in a damping conveyor where a controlled amount of water is sprayed on the moving wheat as it is conveyed slowly to the tempering bin where the wheat is allowed to rest for a predetermined period. Following the first tempering, the wheat may go through a second tempering cycle. A two stage tempering system is preferred over a single stage, since there are occasions when the moisture content of the grain must be increased by as much as 6. 0%. It is much easier to make this addition in two stages, separated by a rest period, to allow for proper distribution of moisture in the wheat kernel. Tempering the wheat to a proper moisture content is an essential part of the milling process. Optimal tempering toughens the bran and thereby facilitates its separation from the endosperm without extensive powdering. It also mellows the endosperm and this facilitates its reduction without excessive starch damage.  1, record 40, English, - wetting

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lavé ou non, le blé doit être imprégné d'une certaine humidité pour l'opération de mouture. A cette fin, on le soumet à plusieurs cycles de mouillage et de repos qu'on appelle, en meunerie, le conditionnement. On utilise pour l'humidification une vis mouilleuse sur laquelle on pulvérise une quantité contrôlée d'eau pendant que le blé se dirige lentement vers les cellules de repos où on le laisse reposer pendant un temps déterminé. Le blé peut ensuite repasser par tout le cycle de conditionnement. On préfère généralement un conditionnement en deux étapes, puisqu'il faut dans certains cas accroître l'humidité du grain de 6%. Il est beaucoup plus facile d'effectuer cette opération en deux fois, avec une période de repos intermédiaire, pour permettre une bonne répartition de l'humidité dans tout le grain. Ce conditionnement du blé par humidification est l'une des étapes préparatoires essentielles à la mouture. Effectué dans les meilleurs conditions, il a pour effet d'assouplir le son et de faciliter ainsi sa séparation de l'albumen sans trop le pulvériser. Ce traitement amollit également l'albumen et facilite ainsi sa réduction sans endommager outre mesure l'amidon.  1, record 40, French, - humidification

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Whether washing is used or not, the wheat must be brought to a specific moisture content to prepare it for milling. This is achieved by several cycles of wetting and resting. In milling technology this is called tempering. The wetting is carried out in a damping conveyor where a controlled amount of water is sprayed on the moving wheat as it is conveyed slowly to the tempering bin where the wheat is allowed to rest for a predetermined period. Following the first tempering, the wheat may go through a second tempering cycle. A two stage tempering system is preferred over a single stage, since there are occasions when the moisture content of the grain must be increased by as much as 6. 0%. It is much easier to make this addition in two stages, separated by a rest period, to allow for proper distribution of moisture in the wheat kernel. Tempering the wheat to a proper moisture content is an essential part of the milling process. Optimal tempering toughens the bran and thereby facilitates its separation from the endosperm without extensive powdering. It also mellows the endosperm and this facilitates its reduction without excessive starch damage.  1, record 41, English, - tempering

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Do not confuse conditioning with tempering which is occasionally given as a synonym. Tempering deals only with the addition of moisture and does not include heating and drying functions as seen in conditioning.  2, record 41, English, - tempering

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lavé ou non, le blé doit être imprégné d'une certaine humidité pour l'opération de mouture. A cette fin, on le soumet à plusieurs cycles de mouillage et de repos qu'on appelle, en meunerie, le conditionnement. On utilise pour l'humidification une vis mouilleuse sur laquelle on pulvérise une quantité contrôlée d'eau pendant que le blé se dirige lentement vers les cellules de repos où on le laisse reposer pendant un temps déterminé. Le blé peut ensuite repasser par tout le cycle de conditionnement. On préfère généralement un conditionnement en deux étapes, puisqu'il faut dans certains cas accroître l'humidité du grain de 6%. Il est beaucoup plus facile d'effectuer cette opération en deux fois, avec une période de repos intermédiaire, pour permettre une bonne répartition de l'humidité dans tout le grain. Ce conditionnement du blé par humidification est l'une des étapes préparatoires essentielles à la mouture. Effectué dans les meilleurs conditions, il a pour effet d'assouplir le son et de faciliter ainsi sa séparation de l'albumen sans trop le pulvériser. Ce traitement amollit également l'albumen et facilite ainsi sa réduction sans endommager outre mesure l'amidon.  1, record 41, French, - conditionnement

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Whether washing is used or not, the wheat must be brought to a specific moisture content to prepare it for milling. This is achieved by several cycles of wetting and resting. In milling technology this is called tempering. The wetting is carried out in a damping conveyor where a controlled amount of water is sprayed on the moving wheat as it is conveyed slowly to the tempering bin where the wheat is allowed to rest for a predetermined period. Following the first tempering, the wheat may go through a second tempering cycle. A two stage tempering system is preferred over a single stage, since there are occasions when the moisture content of the grain must be increased by as much as 6. 0%. It is much easier to make this addition in two stages, separated by a rest period, to allow for proper distribution of moisture in the wheat kernel. Tempering the wheat to a proper moisture content is an essential part of the milling process. Optimal tempering toughens the bran and thereby facilitates its separation from the endosperm without extensive powdering. It also mellows the endosperm and this facilitates its reduction without excessive starch damage.  1, record 42, English, - tempering%20bin

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lavé ou non, le blé doit être imprégné d'une certaine humidité pour l'opération de mouture. A cette fin, on le soumet à plusieurs cycles de mouillage et de repos qu'on appelle, en meunerie, le conditionnement. On utilise pour l'humidification une vis mouilleuse sur laquelle on pulvérise une quantité contrôlée d'eau pendant que le blé se dirige lentement vers les cellules de repos où on le laisse reposer pendant un temps déterminé. Le blé peut ensuite repasser par tout le cycle de conditionnement. On préfère généralement un conditionnement en deux étapes, puisqu'il faut dans certains cas accroître l'humidité du grain de 6%. Il est beaucoup plus facile d'effectuer cette opération en deux fois, avec une période de repos intermédiaire, pour permettre une bonne répartition de l'humidité dans tout le grain. Ce conditionnement du blé par humidification est l'une des étapes préparatoires essentielles à la mouture. Effectué dans les meilleurs conditions, il a pour effet d'assouplir le son et de faciliter ainsi sa séparation de l'albumen sans trop le pulvériser. Ce traitement amollit également l'albumen et facilite ainsi sa réduction sans endommager outre mesure l'amidon.  1, record 42, French, - cellule%20de%20repos

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Though in situ vitrification can be applied to most soil types, there are two limiting factors :moisture content and amount of glass-forming material(silicas and aluminum oxides).  1, record 43, English, - glass%2Dforming%20material

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bien que les technologies de vitrification in situ peuvent s'appliquer à tous les types de sols, il existe cependant deux facteurs limitants à savoir le contenu en humidité (les matrices à traiter doivent être déshydratées; ce qui peut augmenter considérablement les coûts de traitement) et l'absence de matériaux susceptibles de se vitrifier (silices et oxydes d'aluminium).  1, record 43, French, - mat%C3%A9riau%20susceptible%20de%20se%20vitrifier

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An amount of wood that weighs 1000 kg or 2204. 6 lb at 0% moisture content.  1, record 44, English, - oven%20dry%20megagram

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

May also apply to other types of materials used as biomass.  4, record 44, English, - oven%20dry%20megagram

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantité de matière (par exemple de biomasse) équivalant en poids sec à une tonne métrique.  3, record 44, French, - tonne%20de%20mati%C3%A8res%20s%C3%A8ches

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the TIROS Operational Vertical Sounder(TOVS)... consists of three instruments : the High-Resolution Infrared Sounder-2(HIRS-2), the Microwave Sounding Unit(MSU), and the Stratospheric Sounding Unit(SSU). These instruments provide global information about the structure of the atmosphere, including vertical temperature and moisture profiles and fractional cloud cover. Using a completely physical-based method for analysis of the HIRS-2 and MSU radiance data, additional information can be derived, including surface skin temperature, total vertically integrated ozone amount, outgoing longwave radiation, and precipitation estimates.  1, record 45, English, - vertical%20temperature%20and%20moisture%20profiles

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Outre les données de la couverture nuageuse globale, dont on tire de nombreuses informations, les satellites météorologiques permettent de déterminer de manière opérationnelle, d'une part, la température du sommet des couches nuageuses ou de la surface du globe, lorsque celle-ci n'est pas occultée par les nuages, d'autre part, les profils verticaux de température et d'humidité en tout point de la surface du globe par spectrométrie infrarouge dans certaines bandes d'absorption du milieu atmosphérique; par exemple, dans la bande du dioxyde de carbone (de 13 à 15 mm) pour les sondages de température ou dans la bande de la vapeur d'eau (de 6 à 8 mm) pour les sondages d'humidité; la zone d'absorption minimale, dite fenêtre atmosphérique (11 mm), servant à déterminer la température de surface, en particulier la température superficielle de la mer.  2, record 45, French, - profils%20verticaux%20de%20temp%C3%A9rature%20et%20d%27humidit%C3%A9

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Wheat blends for milling are usually made up several hours before being processed. A check on the protein and moisture contents of the blend should be made before the wheat passes to the grain cleaning plant, to assure the miller that the blending has been done correctly and to determine the amount of water to be added for correct tempering.  1, record 46, English, - wheat%20blend%20for%20milling

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les mélanges de blés de mouture sont généralement préparés plusieurs heures avant leur transformation. On doit effectuer une vérification des teneurs en protéines et en eau du mélange avant d'envoyer le blé au nettoyage, ce qui assure au minotier que le mélange a été bien fait et indique la quantité d'eau à ajouter pour le conditionnement.  1, record 46, French, - m%C3%A9lange%20de%20bl%C3%A9s%20de%20mouture

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Most mills are equipped with a scale to weigh the stream of wheat, and a meter to regulate the amount of moisture added. Moisture tests on raw wheat, clean tempered wheat and wheat fed to the first break rolls should be made every four hours while the mill is running. Regularity in moisture content of wheat fed to the mill is essential for optimum milling results and control of moisture to the level specified in the finished products.  1, record 47, English, - wheat%20to%20first%20break

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Wheat milling [control sample].  2, record 47, English, - wheat%20to%20first%20break

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La plupart des meuneries sont équipées de bascules à pesée continue et d'un compteur pour régulariser la quantité d'eau à ajouter. On doit effectuer toutes les quatre heures des tests d'humidité sur le blé brut, sur le blé conditionné propre et sur le blé alimentant le premier broyeur pendant que le moulin est en marche. Le blé alimentant le moulin doit avoir un degré d'humidité uniforme pour le rendement de l'opération de mouture et pour le maintien du degré d'humidité exigé des produits finis.  1, record 47, French, - bl%C3%A9%20alimentant%20le%20premier%20broyeur

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La mouture du blé [échantillonnage].  2, record 47, French, - bl%C3%A9%20alimentant%20le%20premier%20broyeur

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The moisture content of wheat is an indication of its milling value. The drier the wheat, the greater the yield of flour(usually calculated on a constant moisture basis of 14%). Moisture content must be known to determine the amount of water that must be added during the tempering process. A high moisture content may also mean that the wheat should be turned periodically if extended storage is contemplated.  3, record 48, English, - moisture%20content

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

moisture content: term used at the Canadian Grain Commission in the field of cereal terminology.  4, record 48, English, - moisture%20content

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La teneur en eau d'un blé est un indice de sa valeur meunière. Le rendement en farine (généralement établi sur une base constante de 14% d'humidité) est d'autant plus grand que le blé est plus sec. On doit connaître la teneur en eau pour déterminer la quantité d'eau à ajouter lors du conditionnement. Une forte teneur en eau peut également signifier que le blé devrait être recyclé périodiquement si sa conservation doit se prolonger.  4, record 48, French, - teneur%20en%20eau