TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Losee's test... is similar to the jerk test, in that the limb is moved from flexion to extension. If the left knee is being tested, the examiner stands to the left of the patient, grasps the foot with his left hand, flexes the knee to about 40° and uses his abdomen as a fulcrum to apply a valgus stress to the knee. With his right hand he increases the valgus pressure, placing the fingers on the patella and the thumb behind the fibular head..., while simultaneously pulling the upper tibia forward. On subsequent extension, during which the lower leg may rotate inward, a lateral snapping will occur between the femur and tibia at about 20° if there is an anterior cruciate insufficiency with anterolateral rotatory instability...  1, record 1, English, - Losee%26rsquo%3Bs%20test

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Below the level of the thalamus the internal capsule becomes the cerebral peduncle of the midbrain. In horizontal section the internal capsule, from anterior to posterior, has three parts :anterior limb, genu, and posterior limb.  1, record 2, English, - anterior%20limb

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La capsule interne est une importante voie de conduction, dans laquelle cheminent de nombreuses voies de projection. Dans une coupe horizontale, la capsule interne présente un angle ouvert latéralement (genou = genou de la capsule interne) auquel aboutissent deux bras (bras antérieur et bras postérieur). Dans ces trois parties passent de nombreuses fibres ascendantes et descendantes […] Le bras antérieur est limité par la tête du noyau caudé, le pallidum et le putamen; le bras postérieur, par le thalamus, le pallidum et le putamen.  1, record 2, French, - bras%20ant%C3%A9rieur

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Anterior limb of internal capsule lies between the caudate nucleus and putamen, and this portion of the capsule contains the anterior thalamic radiation and the fronto-pontine fibers.  1, record 3, English, - fronto%2Dpontine%20fiber

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] une lésion frontale d'origine péri-natale peut entraîner une hémi-atrophie controlatérale du cervelet, vraisemblablement parce que la destruction des fibres fronto-pontiques inhibe le développement normal des fibres ponto-cérébelleuses.  1, record 3, French, - fibre%20fronto%2Dpontique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Below the level of the thalamus the internal capsule becomes the cerebral peduncle of the midbrain. In horizontal section the internal capsule, from anterior to posterior, has three parts :anterior limb, genu, and posterior limb.  1, record 4, English, - posterior%20limb

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La capsule interne est une importante voie de conduction, dans laquelle cheminent de nombreuses voies de projection. Dans une coupe horizontale, la capsule interne présente un angle ouvert latéralement (genou = genou de la capsule interne) auquel aboutissent deux bras (bras antérieur et bras postérieur). Dans ces trois parties passent de nombreuses fibres ascendantes et descendantes […] Le bras antérieur est limité par la tête du noyau caudé, le palladium et le putamen; le bras postérieur, par le thalamus, le palladium et le putamen.  1, record 4, French, - bras%20post%C3%A9rieur

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Below the level of the thalamus the internal capsule becomes the cerebral peduncle of the midbrain. In horizontal section the internal capsule, from anterior to posterior, has three parts :anterior limb, genu, and posterior limb.  1, record 5, English, - genu

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La capsule interne est une importante voie de conduction, dans laquelle cheminent de nombreuses voies de projection. Dans une coupe horizontale, la capsule interne présente un angle ouvert latéralement (genou = genou de la capsule interne) auquel aboutissent deux bras (bras antérieur et bras postérieur). Dans ces trois parties passent de nombreuses fibres ascendantes et descendantes […] Le bras antérieur est limité par la tête du noyau caudé, le palladium et le putamen; le bras postérieur, par le thalamus, le palladium et le putamen.  1, record 5, French, - genou

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A ganglion on the sympathetic trunk at the level of the 7th cervical and 1st thoracic vertebrae, anterior to the 8th cervical and 1st thoracic nerves; it has two components, the inferior cervical and first thoracic ganglia, which are usually fused, partially or completely. Its postganglionic fibers are distributed to the head and neck, heart, and upper limb.  1, record 6, English, - cervicothoracic%20ganglion

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Le tronc sympathique cervical traverse] la base du cou, dans la fossette sus et retropleurale (de Sébileau) où le ganglion inférieur est confondu 3 fois sur 4 avec le ganglion thoracique, formant le ganglion cervico-thoracique ou stellaire (de Neubauer).  1, record 6, French, - ganglion%20cervico%2Dthoracique

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ancienne nomenclature : ganglion étoilé; ganglion stellaire; ganglion de Neubauer.  2, record 6, French, - ganglion%20cervico%2Dthoracique

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Genu valgum is the Latin-derived term used to describe knock-knee deformity. While many otherwise healthy children have knock-knee deformity as a passing trait, some individuals retain or develop this deformity due to hereditary or genetic disorders or metabolic bone disease. The typical gait pattern is circumduction, requiring that the individual swing each leg outward while walking in order to take a step without striking the planted limb with the moving limb. Not only are the mechanics of gait compromised but also, with significant angular deformity, anterior and medial knee pain are common.  2, record 7, English, - genu%20valgum

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term "genu valgum" was recommended by the Medical Signs and Symptoms Committee.  4, record 7, English, - genu%20valgum

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Déformation du membre inférieur se caractérisant par une obliquité (inclinaison) de la jambe formant avec la cuisse un angle ouvert en dehors.  1, record 7, French, - genu%20valgum

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

BREAK OVER. This occurs during that part of the stride when the limb is beginning to move forward and the anterior portion of the hoof leaves the ground. Break over point is that place on the ground surface of the dorsal wall and sole around which the limb rotates as the hoof leaves the ground. An unbalanced hoof, either because of incorrect trimming/shoeing, or hoof or limb pathologies, will not have the correct break over which leads to a host of problems, both actual and potential. It is also important to note that proper heel support is a major player in this equation.  2, record 8, English, - breakover

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Attention : chercher à amener le petit pied en avant avec un fer muni d'une extension en pince risque de créer des étirements au niveau de la muraille et de la ligne blanche (conséquence : bascule de la troisième phalange, seime, etc.).  2, record 8, French, - bascule

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The shorter and less curved of the two limbs that diverge from the neck of the stapes and are connected distally by the flattened oval plate, or base, which is held to the fenestra vestibuli by annular.  1, record 9, English, - crus%20anterius%20stapedis

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Étrier (stapes) - C'est l'osselet le plus petit et le plus léger [...]. [Ses] branches antérieure et postérieure (crus anterius et posterius) forment l'arc stapédien, réunissant la tête à la base de l'étrier [...].  1, record 9, French, - branche%20ant%C3%A9rieure%20de%20l%27%C3%A9trier

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Altering positional information with grafting experiments : A region called the zone of polarizing activity(ZPA) is the reference point for indicating the position of cells along the anterior-posterior axis of a vertebrate limb bud. The ZPA is located where the posterior margin of the bud is attached to the body.  1, record 10, English, - zone%20of%20polarizing%20activity

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Control of the expression of AV-1 protein, a position-specific antigen, by ZPA(zone of polarizing activity) factor in the chick limb bud... Retinoic acid induces a pattern of digits in anterior half wing buds that lack the zone of polarizing activity... The positional signal localized to the posterior zone of polarizing activity or ZPG region of the vertebrate limb is transiently expressed during development and a decline in ZPA signaling is accelerated when posterior cells are dissociated and cultured in vitro. The evidence that cultured posterior cells display a precocious decline in ZPA signaling when compared to in vivo studies suggests that a factor present in the limb bud maintains or stabilizes ZPA signaling during limb outgrowth... [Source of both English terms, abbreviation and usage samples : PASCAL database].  3, record 10, English, - zone%20of%20polarizing%20activity

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Source : base de données PASCAL.  1, record 10, French, - zone%20d%27activit%C3%A9%20de%20polarisation

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) midventral skeletal element that usually articulates with the more anterior thoracic ribs. Its functions are to strengthen the body wall, help protect the thoracic viscera, accommodate muscles of the pectoral limb, and, in some amniotes, aid in ventilating the lungs.  1, record 11, English, - sternum

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La région dorsale [des Vertébrés supérieurs est] caractérisée par la présence de côtes qui s'articulent parfois, sur la face ventrale, avec un os impair médian, formé d'une ou plusieurs pièces, le "sternum".  1, record 11, French, - sternum

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish