TERMIUM Plus®

The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.

BACK SHIFT [14 records]

Record 1 2020-11-18

English

Subject field(s)
  • Physical Fitness Training and Bodybuilding
CONT

Master the Overhead Squat.... If you do it right, the overhead squat is an effective movement for your legs, hips, shoulders, even your abs [abdominal muscles].... When trying to perform an overhead squat, a lot of people either shift their weight too far forward onto their toes or back onto their heels, among other mistakes. You want to aim to keep your weight balanced over the middle of your arches, with your arms over your feet. Begin in a standing position, holding a dowel overhead with your arms straight and your feet about shoulder-width apart. Initiate the movement with your hips, squatting back and down until the tops of your thighs are at least parallel to the floor. As you go, think about pulling the dowel apart with your hands. Push through your hips to return to a standing position.

OBS

This bodybuilding exercise can be performed with a medicine ball, a barbell, dumbbells or any other accessory.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Conditionnement physique et culturisme
OBS

Pour effectuer une flexion des jambes avec charge au-dessus de la tête, placez-vous debout, le dos droit, les bras en extension en tenant un poids au-dessus de votre tête. Accroupissez-vous jusqu'à ce que vos cuisses soient parallèles au sol et retournez à la position de départ.

OBS

Cet exercice de musculation peut s'effectuer à l'aide d'une barre à disque, d'haltères, d'un ballon d'entraînement ou de tout autre accessoire.

Spanish

Save record 1

Record 2 2017-10-25

English

Subject field(s)
  • Sports Equipment and Accessories
  • Cycling
DEF

Two levers, one on the right, one on the left, by which the rider moves the derailleurs to select different gear ratios.

CONT

When you pull back on the shift lever... you tighten the cable, which causes the derailleur to lift the chain from a smaller sprocket, and set it upon a larger one.

CONT

Use the gear shift to change gears while the pedals are rotating.

Key term(s)
  • gear shifter

French

Domaine(s)
  • Équipement et accessoires de sport
  • Cyclisme
DEF

Petit levier de manœuvre en métal ou matière plastique du changement de vitesse. Il est fixé sur le cadre ou en bout de guidon.

CONT

La manette de droite commande le dérailleur arrière (pignons), celle de gauche, le dérailleur avant (plateaux).

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Equipo y accesorios deportivos
  • Ciclismo
Save record 2

Record 3 2017-06-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Symptoms (Medicine)
  • Musculoskeletal System
CONT

In the jerk test of Hughston, the examiner flexes the knee to about 60°, grasps and internally rotates the distal tibia, and with his other hand applies a valgus stress to the knee. He then gradually extends the knee, maintaining the internal rotation and valgus pressure. The femoral condyle remains behind the summit of the plateau until, at about 20-30° flexion, the tightening posterior structures of the popliteus corner pull the tibial plateau back, and the subluxation relocates with a jerk. This test is positive in essentially the same injuries as the lateral pivot shift test of McIntosh...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Symptômes (Médecine)
  • Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
DEF

Manœuvre inverse à la manœuvre de McIntosh, le genou étant mobilisé en extension à partir de la position de flexion et destinée à évaluer l'insuffisance du ligament croisé antérieur.

OBS

Les auteurs français emploient le générique «ressaut antéro-interne» ou «ressaut antéro-latéral» pour décrire la «manœuvre du ressaut» et la «manœuvre de McIntosh» [...]

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Síntomas (Medicina)
  • Sistema musculoesquelético (Medicina)
Save record 3

Record 4 2014-01-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Micrographics
CONT

The present invention provides a microfiche reader-printer comprising a housing to engage the apparatus, a control panel on the front of the housing, a microfiche carrier operably disposed on the front of the housing to receive a microfiche therein, a viewing screen disposed across the front of the housing, an image projector disposed to project a light beam through the microfiche and magnify the light beam, including a fiche image, a pair of reflecting mirrors movable to one position where the projected image beam is reflected to the back side of the screen to permit viewing there of and a positioner mechanism mechanically operative to shift the positions of the mirrors to a second position to initiate a printing cycle.

Key term(s)
  • microfiche viewer-printer

French

Domaine(s)
  • Micrographie

Spanish

Save record 4

Record 5 2011-07-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Maneuvering of Ships
  • Sonar and Underwater Detection (Military)
CONT

The longitudinal and the lateral speed of the ship may be measured by means of a sonar doppler log which operates on the principle that a sonar signal transmitted from a moving object and reflected back from a stationary surface will indicate a shift in frequency; this shift in frequency is proportional to the speed relative to the stationary surface of the moving object, which in this case will be the ship.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Manœuvre des navires
  • Sonar et détection sous-marine (Militaire)

Spanish

Save record 5

Record 6 2011-06-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Electronic Music
  • Electronic Devices
CONT

Normally, increasing the speed of playback causes a shift in pitch of the recorded material, however, using a pitch shifter to "shift" the pitch down to its original level can remove any noticeable effects of the time compression. The result is a 4 minute recording playing back in 3 minutes 30 seconds, with no noticeable change in overall pitch.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Musique électronique
  • Dispositifs électroniques
DEF

Dispositif électronique permettant de modifier la tonalité d'un morceau de musique.

Spanish

Save record 6

Record 7 2010-07-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Skiing and Snowboarding
DEF

Type of turn executed by shifting the weight onto your front foot.

CONT

To do a "toeside" turn, look where you want to go, shift a little more weight onto your front foot and tilt your board onto its toe edge. As the board begins to turn, gently slide your back leg downhill to steer across the hill.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Ski et surf des neiges
DEF

Type de virage où le transfert du poids se fait sur l'avant de la planche pour tourner.

OBS

Le surfeur appui sur la pointe des pieds pour amorcer une courbe en appui avant.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Esquí y snowboard
Save record 7

Record 8 2004-08-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Audiovisual Techniques and Equipment
  • Photography
DEF

A camera that incorporates ground glass viewing, and includes most of the following features : a long bellows, a rising and falling front, horizontal and vertical swings, lateral shift of front and back, and either a reversible or a rotating back.

CONT

View camera [is] a term that applies to cameras that produce an individual image size of 5" X 4" or larger. It is most often found in a studio, and is sometimes even called a "studio camera", although the view camera can be transported and set up in the field.

OBS

The view camera’s versatility is valuable for the correction of distortions in architectural, close-up and illustrative photography.

Key term(s)
  • press-and-view camera
  • view-and-press camera

French

Domaine(s)
  • Audiovisuel (techniques et équipement)
  • Photographie
DEF

Appareil de photographie utilisé par les professionnels et ayant généralement la plupart des perfectionnements suivants : long soufflet, décentrement de l'objectif, dos à bascule, etc.

OBS

La chambre photographique, employée notamment dans les studios de photographe, a pendant longtemps été préférée pour la photographie architecturale.

Spanish

Save record 8

Record 9 2001-08-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Measuring Instruments (Engineering)
  • Optics
  • Navigation Instruments
CONT

A more advanced type of gyro is the optical gyroscope. These devices are based on two counter-rotating beams of light travelling in a ring-like structure. The interaction of the two light beams produces a standing wave pattern. If the ring is then rotated about its centre axis(think of a torus spinning around its core), one of the beams has to travel a slightly longer distance, and the other a slightly shorter distance to get back to where they started. This will cause a shift in the pattern of the standing wave, and this can be measured to determine the rate of rotation.

CONT

Most people would remember the classic rotating disc gyroscope, which belongs to the mechanical group. One of today’s high precision gyros is still the mechanical, rotating gyro; however it is dependent on linear accelerations because of its mechanical measuring principle. The optical group comprises the fibre optic- and laser types. These use the Sagnac Effect (named after its French discoverer), which, when the sensor is turned, results in a difference in transit time between two light waves passing through the same optical path but in opposite directions. Optical gyros therefore do not depend on acceleration as gyros in the mechanical group. This is one of their biggest advantages ...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Instruments de mesure (Ingénierie)
  • Optique
  • Instruments de navigation
CONT

Réaliser un gyroscope optique d'un prix de revient de quelques centaines de francs. Voilà une prouesse technologique quand on sait que les systèmes actuels, les gyroscopes laser, coûtent entre 100 000 francs et 1 million de francs. La solution mise au point par Mohamed Bouamra, chercheur à l'École nationale supérieure de physique de Strasbourg, tient à une habile substitution de technologies : une simple diode électroluminescente remplace le laser, tandis que des banales fibres optiques multimodes prennent la place des coûteuses fibres monomodes.

CONT

[...] certains laboratoires ont étudié divers dispositifs de mesure des rotations absolues ne présentant qu'une analogie assez lointaine avec les gyroscopes classiques. Ce sont les gyroscopes à vibrations [...]; les gyroscopes nucléaires [...]; les gyroscopes optiques, exploitant les propriétés de la lumière cohérente [...]

Spanish

Save record 9

Record 10 1998-08-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Plastics Manufacturing
  • Industrial Tools and Equipment
  • Machinery
CONT

In a modern injection molding machine, the pellets are conveyed forward within the barrel by a rotating screw, and melt as they go. The molten plastic is deposited at the forward end of the barrel, displacing the screw backward. When enough material has been plasticized, a hydraulic cylinder pushes the screw forward, forcing the molten plastic ahead of it through a nozzle, sprue, runners, and a narrow gate into a water-cooled mold cavity, where the molten plastic solidifies.

CONT

... if the equipment with the malfunction is a plastic injection molding machine, the possible functions might include injection forward, injection return, screw run, back pressure control, clamp close, clamp pressurization, prefill shift, mold protect, and clamp open.

OBS

injection machine: term standardized by ISO.

Key term(s)
  • injection-moulding machine

French

Domaine(s)
  • Plasturgie
  • Outillage industriel
  • Machines
CONT

Les premières presses à injecter comportaient un piston poussant la matière ramollie dans la buse [...] Dans les presses actuelles, la plastification est assurée par une vis sans fin, analogue à celle d'une extrudeuse. Cette vis [...] fait alternativement fonction de piston d'injection et de vis de plastification.

OBS

machine à injecter : terme normalisé par l'ISO.

Key term(s)
  • machine d'injection

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Fabricación de plásticos
  • Herramientas y equipo industriales
  • Maquinaria
Save record 10

Record 11 1994-03-01

English

Subject field(s)
  • Work and Production
  • Penal Administration
DEF

A morning or evening shift in penal institutions.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Travail et production
  • Administration pénitentiaire

Spanish

Save record 11

Record 12 1992-05-13

English

Subject field(s)
  • Currency and Foreign Exchange
CONT

The paper maintains that aggregation may capture the effects of currency substitution arising from the increasing economic and monetary integration within the EC [European Community] in general and the ERM [exchange rate mechanism] in particular. To the extent, for example, that Italian citizens and companies are holding German money, and vice vera, and may shift back and forth between these moneys in response to variables that are not included in a conventional money-demand equation, the total demand of Europeans for European money may be more stable...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Politique monétaire et marché des changes

Spanish

Save record 12

Record 13 1980-07-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Photography
OBS

[corrective) camera movements) Professional cameras are designed to permit adjustments such as the following, which see :Back Lateral Shift, Back Swing, Back Tilt, Front Lateral Shift, Front Swing, Front Tilt, Rising Front.

Key term(s)
  • corrective camera movements

French

Domaine(s)
  • Photographie
OBS

Les appareils photographiques professionnels sont conçus pour permettre des réglages correctifs tels que décentrement et bascule du dos et de l'objectif.

Spanish

Save record 13

Record 14 1980-07-15

English

Subject field(s)
  • Photography
OBS

A movement of the camera back that facilitates a lateral adjustment of the film holder.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Photographie
OBS

Mouvement du dos ou du porte-objectif qui facilite le réglage latéral.

Spanish

Save record 14

Copyright notice for the TERMIUM Plus® data bank

© Public Services and Procurement Canada, 2025
TERMIUM Plus®, the Government of Canada's terminology and linguistic data bank
A product of the Translation Bureau

Features

Language Portal of Canada

Access a collection of Canadian resources on all aspects of English and French, including quizzes.

Writing tools

The Language Portal’s writing tools have a new look! Easy to consult, they give you access to a wealth of information that will help you write better in English and French.

Glossaries and vocabularies

Access Translation Bureau glossaries and vocabularies.

Date Modified: