TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A plasmid that is transferred from one bacterial cell to another during conjugation.  1, record 1, English, - conjugative%20plasmid

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plasmide qui code pour les fonctions nécessaires à son transfert d'une bactérie à une autre.  2, record 1, French, - plasmide%20conjugatif

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A conjugative plasmid that is responsible for resistance to various elements in bacterial cells, including antibiotics, metal ions, ultraviolet radiation, bacteriophage, and ethidium bromide.  7, record 2, English, - R%20factor

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plasmide qui code pour des enzymes, inactivant un ou plusieurs antibiotiques ou agents toxiques. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation.]  4, record 2, French, - facteur%20R

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sa présence dans une bactérie lui confère la résistance à ces substances. [Observation reproduite avec l'autorisation de l'AFNOR.]  4, record 2, French, - facteur%20R

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

facteur R; facteur de résistance; plasmide de résistance; plasmide R : termes normalisés par l'AFNOR.  5, record 2, French, - facteur%20R

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A plasmid that replicates independently of the main bacterial chromosome and is present in 10-500 copies per cell.  1, record 3, English, - relaxed%20plasmid

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plásmido que se replica con independencia del cromosoma bacteriano; cada célula contiene entre 10 y 500 copias.  1, record 3, Spanish, - pl%C3%A1smido%20de%20control%20relajado

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A particular plasmid that codes efficiently for transfer of itself, and also of the bacterial chromosome, by conjugation.  7, record 4, English, - F%20factor

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This plasmid is the one with which bacterial conjugation was discovered in E. coli.  7, record 4, English, - F%20factor

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Épisome capable d'effectuer son propre transfert par conjugaison vers une bactérie receveuse. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation.]  5, record 4, French, - facteur%20F

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

1. Intégré au chromosome bactérien, le facteur F est capable d'en promouvoir le transfert. 2. Découvert chez le colibacille, le facteur F est fonctionnel chez d'autres entérobactéries. [Observation reproduite avec l'autorisation de l'AFNOR.]  5, record 4, French, - facteur%20F

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

facteur F; épisome F; facteur de fertilité; facteur de sexualité; facteur sexuel : termes normalisés par l'AFNOR.  6, record 4, French, - facteur%20F

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any genetic element(bacterial chromosome, virus genome, plasmid) that behaves as an autonomous unit of replication.  3, record 5, English, - replicon

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Molécule d'ADN pouvant se répliquer de façon autonome dans une cellule. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation.]  4, record 5, French, - r%C3%A9plicon

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

réplicon : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  5, record 5, French, - r%C3%A9plicon

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A DNA molecule composed of linked sequences not normally occurring within the same molecule, such as a bacterial plasmid into which has been inserted a segment of viral DNA.  4, record 6, English, - recombinant%20DNA

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Recombinant DNA is the general name for taking a piece of one DNA, and combining it with another strand of DNA.  2, record 6, English, - recombinant%20DNA

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

ADN dans lequel a été insérée une séquence supplémentaire par recombinaison.  3, record 6, French, - ADN%20recombin%C3%A9

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'utilisation de bactéries à ADN recombiné à des fins de production industrielle ou de gestion de l'environnement pose le problème du devenir de cet ADN en cas de rejet volontaire ou accidentel dans le milieu naturel.  4, record 6, French, - ADN%20recombin%C3%A9

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El ADN [ácido desoxirribonucleico] de plásmidos [...] se corta con una enzima de restricción para convertirlo en una molécula lineal y luego se lo incuba en presencia de los fragmentos de ADN del organismo en estudio y de una enzima, la ligasa. Durante este proceso algunos de los plásmidos incorporan uno de los fragmentos de ADN foráneo. El resultado de todo este proceso es que en el tubo de ensayo se forman nuevas estructuras de ADN quimérico, es decir, compuesto por ADN del plásmido y por ADN del organismo en estudio.  1, record 6, Spanish, - ADN%20quim%C3%A9rico

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

El ADN quimérico no siempre es sinónimo de ADN recombinante ya que el ADN quimérico siempre contiene secuencias de diferentes organismos, mientras que el ADN recombinante puede tener secuencias de organismos dentro o fuera de la misma especie.  2, record 6, Spanish, - ADN%20quim%C3%A9rico

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Agroinfection is a] method of plant transformation, for example, more than one genome of the double-stranded DNA of cauliflower mosaic virus is inserted in tandem within the T-DNA of Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Such a construction permits the escape of the viral DNA from the bacterial plasmid once it is introduced into plants.  1, record 7, English, - agroinfection

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'observation de [la] corrélation stricte entre capacité de dégradation des opines et induction de la biosynthèse des opines par la plante [à la] suite [de] l'agroinfection avait suggéré l'existence d'un transfert génétique dès les années 1970, bien avant sa mise en évidence expérimentale.  1, record 7, French, - agroinfection

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A recombinant form of Human Interferon Beta made by Triton Biosciences designed to treat HIV infection and Kaposi’s Sarcoma. It is classified as: antineoplastic, antiviral, immunomodulator, antiretroviral.  1, record 8, English, - interferon%20beta%2D1b

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

BETASERON : Berlex Canada, interferon beta-1b is an immunomodulator used in ambulatory patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis. Betaseron is a highly purified, sterile, lyophilized protein product produced by recombinant DNA techniques and formulated for use by injection. It is manufactured by bacterial fermentation of a strain of E. coli that bears a genetically engineered plasmid containing the gene for human interferon betaser17. The native gene was obtained from human fibroblasts and altered in a way that substitutes serine for the cysteine residue found at position 17.  1, record 8, English, - interferon%20beta%2D1b

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A man-made plasmid that carries the Kanomycin-resistance transpason Tn5, and which when introduced into Agrobacterium conveniently self-destructs, but only after the Tn5 transposon has had an opportunity to jump to a new site on the bacterial chromosome or on a tiplasmid.  1, record 9, English, - suicide%20vector

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vecteur navette dont l'une des origines de réplication a été éliminée et qui, introduit dans l'hôte correspondant y apporte l'ADN cloné, puis disparaît au cours des générations.  2, record 9, French, - vecteur%20suicide

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bacterial defence mechanism requiring the action of methylases and restriction enzymes to protect the cell from invading DNA(such as plasmid or bacteriophage DNA).  3, record 10, English, - host%2Dcontrolled%20restriction

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This phenomenon of "host-controlled restriction" was first described in the 1950s. Werner Arber, a Swiss microbiologist, subsequently advanced a molecular explanation. He suggested that bacteria cope with phages by "restriction-modification" (genetically-controlled enzymatic reactions).  1, record 10, English, - host%2Dcontrolled%20restriction

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus qui met en jeu des enzymes de type endonucléase (enzyme de restriction) et méthylase (enzyme de modification) et qui permet à une bactérie de se défendre contre l'insertion de l'ADN d'un organisme étranger tout en protégeant son propre matériel génétique.  2, record 10, French, - restriction%2Dmodification

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si le composant antitoxine n'est pas présent (le concept inclut la restriction-modification où des nucléases spéciales attaquent les ADN qui ne sont pas protégés par une enzyme modifiant chimiquement l'ADN pour le protéger) le composant toxine estropie la cellule.  1, record 10, French, - restriction%2Dmodification

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Transformation is the process of transferring a free DNA [deoxyribonucleic acid] molecule from a donor to a recipient bacterium. In vitro, the uptake of a plasmid into the DNA of a living microorganism can be useful in determining gene expression and in vivo, transformation is useful to cells for the exchange of information. In the case of plasmid transformation, a plasmid which has a known gene is introduced to competent bacterial cells for uptake. In order for a cell to be competent it must have a binding site for the donor DNA and will usually(in vitro) have been treated with salts for easier uptake of plasmid DNA.  3, record 11, English, - competent%20donor%20bacterium%20cell

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A plasmid that is capable of being transferred from one bacterial cell to another during conjugation. Such plasmids contain a number of transfer genes which give them this ability.  2, record 13, English, - conjugative%20plasmid

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plasmide responsable de la transmission de caractères génétiques d'une bactérie à une autre.  1, record 13, French, - plasmide%20de%20conjugaison

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The 40S DNA had been inserted into a bacterial plasmid(a small circular molecule of extrachromosomal bacterial DNA) by recombinant-DNA techniques.  2, record 14, English, - bacterial%20plasmid

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le DNA 40S a été intégré, par des techniques de recombinaison génétique, dans un plasmide bactérien (une petite molécule circulaire de DNA bactérien extrachromosomique).  2, record 14, French, - plasmide%20bact%C3%A9rien

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Transfer of bacterial genetic markers(fragments of the bacterial chromosome) by the F’ plasmid, derived from Hfr strains.  1, record 15, English, - sexduction

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In addition, the bacterial genes in the F’ element will not infrequently take part in exchanges with the recipient’s chromosomal genes to produce true recombinants, a phenomenon commonly referred to as sexduction or F-duction.  1, record 15, English, - sexduction

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Acquisition par la bactérie réceptrice, lors d'un processus de conjugaison, de gènes qui, dans certaines souches de bactéries mâles F+, se trouvent liés au facteur sexuel bactérien et sont alors systématiquement transférés en même temps que ce facteur.  1, record 15, French, - sexduction

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il existe de même un grand nombre de facteurs F' qui peuvent transmettre - on parle de sexduction - différents loci bactériens.  1, record 15, French, - sexduction

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Many microorganisms that can consume components of petroleum have been isolated. Strains of one such bacterial species, Pseudomonas putida, carry plasmid genes coding for enzymes that can degrade different components of oil. By genetic engineering the capacity to degrade the various components has been combined in one strain. Such a multiplasmid strain degrades petroleum faster than any of the original strains.  1, record 16, English, - multiplasmid%20strain

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En effet, on a isolé de nombreux micro-organismes susceptibles de consommer les constituants du pétrole. Les souches de l'une de ces espèces bactériennes. Pseudomonas putida portent, sur un plasmide, des gènes codant pour des enzymes qui dégradent divers constituants du pétrole. Par modification génétique, on a pu regrouper ces différentes possibilités de dégradations dans une souche unique. Une telle souche, à multi-plasmides, dégrade le pétrole plus rapidement que chacune des souches originelles.  1, record 16, French, - souche%20%C3%A0%20multi%2Dplasmides

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish