TERMIUM Plus®
The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.
BELIEF THEORY [17 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2024-04-03
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Computer Mathematics
- Computer Programs and Programming
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- belief propagation algorithm
1, record 1, English, belief%20propagation%20algorithm
correct
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
Record 1, Synonyms, English
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Belief propagation algorithms are currently used in order to analyze systems which are modelled by networks. Whenever graph theory can be used to model information with nodes and connecting communications channels, the belief propagation algorithm can be used to infer information. 1, record 1, English, - belief%20propagation%20algorithm
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Mathématiques informatiques
- Programmes et programmation (Informatique)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- algorithme de propagation de croyance
1, record 1, French, algorithme%20de%20propagation%20de%20croyance
correct, masculine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
Record 1, Synonyms, French
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record 2 - internal organization data 2018-10-31
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Sociology of Communication
- Television Arts
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- cultivation theory
1, record 2, English, cultivation%20theory
correct
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Cultivation theory states that high frequency viewers of television are more susceptible to media messages and the belief that they are real and valid. Heavy viewers are exposed to more violence and therefore are affected by the mean world syndrome, the belief that the world is a far worse and dangerous place than it actually is. 2, record 2, English, - cultivation%20theory
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Sociologie de la communication
- Télévision (Arts du spectacle)
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- théorie de la culture
1, record 2, French, th%C3%A9orie%20de%20la%20culture
correct, feminine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
- théorie de la cultivation 2, record 2, French, th%C3%A9orie%20de%20la%20cultivation
avoid, calque, see observation, feminine noun
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
L'expression «théorie de la cultivation» est parfois utilisée par les auteurs d'ouvrages spécialisés dans le domaine des communications de masse. 3, record 2, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20de%20la%20culture
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record 3 - internal organization data 2017-04-26
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Legal System
- Constitutional Law
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- declaratory theory
1, record 3, English, declaratory%20theory
correct
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Declaratory theory is propounded on the belief that judges’ decisions never make law, rather they only constitute evidence of what the law is. 1, record 3, English, - declaratory%20theory
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Théorie du droit
- Droit constitutionnel
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- théorie déclaratoire
1, record 3, French, th%C3%A9orie%20d%C3%A9claratoire
correct, feminine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[...] la théorie déclaratoire est issue du célèbre aphorisme de Blackstone : les juges ne créent pas le droit mais ne font que le découvrir [...] Elle exprime une conception classique et fort répandue du rôle des tribunaux dans un État démocratique, fondée sur le souci de préserver une stricte séparation des pouvoirs judiciaire, législatif et exécutif. Ainsi, le tribunal accorde une réparation rétroactive en appliquant le droit existant ou une règle redécouverte qui est réputée avoir toujours existé, tandis que le législateur élabore de nouvelles lois pour l’avenir. 1, record 3, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20d%C3%A9claratoire
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record 4 - internal organization data 2017-02-21
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- Management Theory
- Industrial and Economic Psychology
- Labour Relations
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- theory Y
1, record 4, English, theory%20Y
correct
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
Record 4, Synonyms, English
- Theory Y 2, record 4, English, Theory%20Y
correct
- Y theory 3, record 4, English, Y%20theory
correct
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Managerial belief that subordinates are people who like their work, are creative, and want additional responsibilities; as a result, Theory Y managers use the democratic managerial approach. 4, record 4, English, - theory%20Y
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Physical and mental effort at work is as normal as it is at rest and at play. Man will control and direct himself in order to reach shared objectives, meaning that external control and threats are not the only way of ensuring effort. Commitment to objectives goes hand in hand with the rewards obtained upon reaching them. The average person can learn not only to accept, but also to seek greater responsibility. The capacity for imagination and creativity is widely spread within the population. In the modern industrial world, the intellectual potential of the average person is only partially used. 5, record 4, English, - theory%20Y
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS
Theory Y: term and definition reproduced from the CAPITAL Business Dictionary with the permission of LID Editorial Empresarial. 6, record 4, English, - theory%20Y
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Théories de la gestion
- Psychologie industrielle et économique
- Relations du travail
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- théorie Y
1, record 4, French, th%C3%A9orie%20Y
correct, feminine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
Record 4, Synonyms, French
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Théorie affirmant que l'employé est fondamentalement motivé et que le rôle de la direction se limite à créer les conditions nécessaires à l'expression de sa créativité. 2, record 4, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20Y
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[...] McGregor propose une théorie appuyée sur des hypothèses plus en rapport avec la nature des hommes et avec leurs motivations, la théorie Y. Elle se fonde sur les hypothèses suivantes : a) La direction est responsable de l'organisation des ressources de l'entreprise [...] afin de réaliser ses fins économiques [...] b) Les hommes ne sont pas, par nature, passifs, et opposés aux buts et aux objectifs de l'entreprise; c) La motivation, la faculté de se développer, l'acceptation et la recherche de responsabilités sont des caractéristiques humaines; d) L'imagination, l'ingéniosité, la créativité sont des qualités répandues; e) La première tâche de la direction est donc de créer les conditions et de mettre en œuvre les méthodes de travail qui permettent aux individus de mieux atteindre leurs fins propres tout en orientant leurs efforts vers les objectifs de l'entreprise (fusion). 3, record 4, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20Y
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Teorías de la gestión
- Psicología económica e industrial
- Relaciones laborales
Record 4, Main entry term, Spanish
- teoría Y
1, record 4, Spanish, teor%C3%ADa%20Y
correct, feminine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 4, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Conjunto de hipótesis propuestas por McGregor por oposición a su teoría X, que considera corroboradas por los últimos estudios y que aseguran una mayor motivación de los subordinados. Las hipótesis son las siguientes: el esfuerzo físico y mental en el trabajo es tan normal como en el juego o el descanso; el hombre se autocontrolará y se autodirigirá para conseguir objetivos que comparte, por lo que el control externo y las amenazas no son la única forma de lograr esfuerzos; el compromiso con los objetivos es función de las recompensas asociadas con su logro; el hombre medio puede aprender no sólo a aceptar, sino a buscar mayor responsabilidad; la capacidad de imaginación y creatividad está ampliamente distribuida entre la población; en la vida industrial moderna el potencial intelectual del hombre medio está sólo parcialmente utilizado. 2, record 4, Spanish, - teor%C3%ADa%20Y
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS
[Según] la Ortografía académica, los nombres de las teorías científicas se escriben con minúscula: modelo estándar, teoría de la gran unificación, teoría de cuerdas, teoría de la relatividad. 3, record 4, Spanish, - teor%C3%ADa%20Y
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS
Teoría Y: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial. 4, record 4, Spanish, - teor%C3%ADa%20Y
Record 5 - internal organization data 2013-08-16
Record 5, English
Record 5, Subject field(s)
- Management Theory
- Industrial and Economic Psychology
- Labour Relations
Record 5, Main entry term, English
- theory X
1, record 5, English, theory%20X
correct
Record 5, Abbreviations, English
Record 5, Synonyms, English
- Theory X 2, record 5, English, Theory%20X
correct
- X theory 3, record 5, English, X%20theory
correct
Record 5, Textual support, English
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Set of hypotheses on the subject of human behaviour that, in the opinion of McGregor, characterise bad managers. These are: the average man avoids work if he can because he does not like it. The majority of people need to be controlled and threatened with punishment before they make an adequate effort. The average person prefers to be lead, avoids responsibility, is not ambitious enough and prefers security. The opposite is the Y Theory, also explained by Douglas McGregor in his book "The Human Side of Enterprise" (1960). 4, record 5, English, - theory%20X
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Douglas McGregor ... believed that much of the failure of the human relations approach as it was actually applied in industry stemmed from the fact that most managers worked on what he called "Theory X" ... 5, record 5, English, - theory%20X
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 3 CONT
Managerial belief that subordinates dislike their work, are lazy, and need to be directed; as a result, Theory X managers use the autocratic managerial approach. 6, record 5, English, - theory%20X
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Theory X: term and definition reproduced from the CAPITAL Business Dictionary with the permission of LID Editorial Empresarial. 7, record 5, English, - theory%20X
Record 5, French
Record 5, Domaine(s)
- Théories de la gestion
- Psychologie industrielle et économique
- Relations du travail
Record 5, Main entry term, French
- théorie X
1, record 5, French, th%C3%A9orie%20X
correct, feminine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, French
Record 5, Synonyms, French
Record 5, Textual support, French
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Théorie affirmant que l'employé est fondamentalement passif et que c'est à la direction d'orienter ses efforts. 2, record 5, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20X
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Douglas McGregor, en 1960, a proposé une analyse de deux types de direction sous le nom de «théorie X» et de «théorie Y» [...] La théorie X s'appuie sur trois hypothèses fondamentales : a) la direction est responsable de l'organisation des ressources de l'entreprise [...] afin de réaliser ses fins économiques. b) En ce qui concerne les hommes, la direction oriente leurs efforts, les motive, contrôle leurs actions, modifie leurs attitudes afin de les adapter aux besoins de l'entreprise. c) Sans cette intervention de la direction, les individus restent passifs, vis-à-vis des besoins de l'entreprise. Les employés doivent être convaincus, récompensés, punis, contraints, contrôlés, si l'on veut lutter contre leur aversion innée pour le travail. 3, record 5, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20X
Record 5, Spanish
Record 5, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Teorías de la gestión
- Psicología económica e industrial
- Relaciones laborales
Record 5, Main entry term, Spanish
- teoría X
1, record 5, Spanish, teor%C3%ADa%20X
correct, feminine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 5, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 5, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Conjunto de hipótesis sobre el comportamiento humano que, en opinión de McGregor, caracterizan a los malos directores. Son las siguientes: el hombre medio evita trabajar si puede, porque no le gusta; la mayoría de la gente debe ser controlada y amenazada con castigos para que se esfuerce adecuadamente; el hombre medio prefiere ser dirigido, evita la responsabilidad, no es demasiado ambicioso y prefiere la seguridad. Su opuesto es la teoría Y, explicadas ambas por Douglas McGregor en su obra "The Human Side of Enterprise" (1960). 2, record 5, Spanish, - teor%C3%ADa%20X
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS
[Según] la Ortografía académica, los nombres de las teorías científicas se escriben con minúscula: modelo estándar, teoría de la gran unificación, teoría de cuerdas, teoría de la relatividad. 3, record 5, Spanish, - teor%C3%ADa%20X
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS
Teoría X: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial. 4, record 5, Spanish, - teor%C3%ADa%20X
Record 6 - internal organization data 2012-01-30
Record 6, English
Record 6, Subject field(s)
- Human Behaviour
- Social Psychology
Record 6, Main entry term, English
- field theory
1, record 6, English, field%20theory
correct
Record 6, Abbreviations, English
Record 6, Synonyms, English
Record 6, Textual support, English
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Field theory arises from two interrelated views : the belief that psychological studies should focus on the individual, and the conviction that the only way to describe and predict behavior with any degree of accuracy is to view the individual in a field of dynamic relationships. 1, record 6, English, - field%20theory
Record 6, French
Record 6, Domaine(s)
- Comportement humain
- Psychologie sociale
Record 6, Main entry term, French
- théorie des champs
1, record 6, French, th%C3%A9orie%20des%20champs
correct, feminine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, French
Record 6, Synonyms, French
- théorie du champ 2, record 6, French, th%C3%A9orie%20du%20champ
correct, feminine noun
Record 6, Textual support, French
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Théorie explicative de la personnalité axée sur l'individu en situation concrète qu'on peut représenter par un schéma topologique. 1, record 6, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20des%20champs
Record 6, Spanish
Record 6, Textual support, Spanish
Record 7 - internal organization data 2009-07-22
Record 7, English
Record 7, Subject field(s)
- Psychology (General)
Record 7, Main entry term, English
- concrete thinking
1, record 7, English, concrete%20thinking
correct
Record 7, Abbreviations, English
Record 7, Synonyms, English
Record 7, Textual support, English
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Inability to deal with abstract concepts ... 2, record 7, English, - concrete%20thinking
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Piaget's theory suggests that children progress from a stage of "concrete thinking"(entered at about age six) to one of "formal thinking"(at about age twelve). It is Papert's belief that this ordering is not in fact universal : his conjecture is that "the computer can concretize(and personalize) the formal. 3, record 7, English, - concrete%20thinking
Record 7, French
Record 7, Domaine(s)
- Psychologie (Généralités)
Record 7, Main entry term, French
- pensée concrète
1, record 7, French, pens%C3%A9e%20concr%C3%A8te
correct, feminine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, French
Record 7, Synonyms, French
Record 7, Textual support, French
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Piaget distingue la "pensée concrète" de la "pensée formelle". La pensée concrète est déjà bien élaborée quand l'enfant, à six ans, aborde sa première année d'école primaire, et elle se renforce dans les années qui suivent. La pensée formelle, quant à elle, ne se développe réellement que lorsque l'enfant a presque le double de cet âge, soit environ douze ans, à un ou deux ans près [...] 2, record 7, French, - pens%C3%A9e%20concr%C3%A8te
Record 7, Spanish
Record 7, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Psicología (Generalidades)
Record 7, Main entry term, Spanish
- pensamiento concreto
1, record 7, Spanish, pensamiento%20concreto
correct, masculine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 7, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 7, Textual support, Spanish
Record 8 - internal organization data 2009-07-22
Record 8, English
Record 8, Subject field(s)
- Psychology (General)
Record 8, Main entry term, English
- abstract thinking
1, record 8, English, abstract%20thinking
correct
Record 8, Abbreviations, English
Record 8, Synonyms, English
Record 8, Textual support, English
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Thinking characterized by the use of abstractions and generalizations. 2, record 8, English, - abstract%20thinking
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Piaget's theory suggests that children progress from a stage of "concrete thinking"(entered at about age six) to one of "formal thinking"(at about age twelve). It is Papert's belief that this ordering is not in fact universal;.... 3, record 8, English, - abstract%20thinking
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS
As opposed to "concrete thinking." 4, record 8, English, - abstract%20thinking
Record 8, French
Record 8, Domaine(s)
- Psychologie (Généralités)
Record 8, Main entry term, French
- pensée abstraite
1, record 8, French, pens%C3%A9e%20abstraite
correct, feminine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, French
Record 8, Synonyms, French
Record 8, Textual support, French
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Piaget distingue la «pensée concrète» de la «pensée formelle». La pensée concrète est déjà bien élaborée quand l'enfant, à six ans, aborde sa première année d'école primaire, et elle se renforce dans les années qui suivent. La pensée formelle, quant à elle, ne se développe réellement que lorsque l'enfant a presque le double de cet âge, soit environ douze ans, à un ou deux ans près - et certains spécialistes ont même émis l'idée que bien des personnes ne parviennent jamais à une pensée pleinement formelle. 2, record 8, French, - pens%C3%A9e%20abstraite
Record 8, Spanish
Record 8, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Psicología (Generalidades)
Record 8, Main entry term, Spanish
- pensamiento abstracto
1, record 8, Spanish, pensamiento%20abstracto
correct, masculine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 8, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 8, Textual support, Spanish
Record 9 - internal organization data 2008-07-25
Record 9, English
Record 9, Subject field(s)
- Slogans
- International Relations
- Social Movements
- National and International Economics
Record 9, Main entry term, English
- There is no alternative
1, record 9, English, There%20is%20no%20alternative
correct
Record 9, Abbreviations, English
- TINA 1, record 9, English, TINA
correct
Record 9, Synonyms, English
Record 9, Textual support, English
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS
This is the mantra chanted by ’dries’ during the prime ministerial reign of Margaret Thatcher, by which they demonstrated their belief that free-market capitalism was the only possible economic theory. It was said so often amongst them that it was shortened to TINA. 2, record 9, English, - There%20is%20no%20alternative
Record 9, French
Record 9, Domaine(s)
- Slogans
- Relations internationales
- Mouvements sociaux
- Économie nationale et internationale
Record 9, Main entry term, French
- There is no alternative
1, record 9, French, There%20is%20no%20alternative
correct
Record 9, Abbreviations, French
- TINA 2, record 9, French, TINA
correct, see observation
Record 9, Synonyms, French
- Il n'y pas de solution de rechange 3, record 9, French, Il%20n%27y%20pas%20de%20solution%20de%20rechange
see observation
Record 9, Textual support, French
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS
TINA, initiales de «There is no alternative» («Il n'y a pas de solution de rechange»), propos de Mme Margaret Thatcher posant le caractère inéluctable du capitalisme néolibéral, qui n'est qu'une forme possible de «mondialisation». 4, record 9, French, - There%20is%20no%20alternative
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS
L'acronyme anglais est couramment utilisé dans les médias et la littérature spécialisée. Il est généralement suivi de la traduction du slogan anglais («Il n'y pas de solution de rechange»). 5, record 9, French, - There%20is%20no%20alternative
Record 9, Spanish
Record 9, Textual support, Spanish
Record 10 - internal organization data 2005-10-24
Record 10, English
Record 10, Subject field(s)
- Psychology (General)
Record 10, Main entry term, English
- activating event
1, record 10, English, activating%20event
correct
Record 10, Abbreviations, English
Record 10, Synonyms, English
Record 10, Textual support, English
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The RET [Rational-Emotive Therapy] "A-B-C theory" of personality holds that should an unfortunate event such as a family quarrel be followed by extreme anxiety or some other undesirable emotional consequence, inquiry will disclose that consequence C was caused not by activating event A, but rather by some irrational belief or beliefs B about the nature or meaning of the quarrel... 1, record 10, English, - activating%20event
Record 10, French
Record 10, Domaine(s)
- Psychologie (Généralités)
Record 10, Main entry term, French
- événement activant
1, record 10, French, %C3%A9v%C3%A9nement%20activant
correct, masculine noun
Record 10, Abbreviations, French
Record 10, Synonyms, French
- évènement activant 2, record 10, French, %C3%A9v%C3%A8nement%20activant
masculine noun
Record 10, Textual support, French
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La thérapie [rationnelle-émotive] progresse par une recherche attentive, dans le quotidien, des A-B-C (événement activant, fausse croyance, conséquence néfaste) et par leur confrontation avec les D (discrimination), ce qui produira les E (effets bénéfiques attendus). 1, record 10, French, - %C3%A9v%C3%A9nement%20activant
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS
évènement : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004). 2, record 10, French, - %C3%A9v%C3%A9nement%20activant
Record 10, Spanish
Record 10, Textual support, Spanish
Record 11 - internal organization data 1999-08-25
Record 11, English
Record 11, Subject field(s)
- Phraseology
- Legal System
- International Relations
Record 11, Main entry term, English
- natural law
1, record 11, English, natural%20law
correct
Record 11, Abbreviations, English
Record 11, Synonyms, English
- law of nature 2, record 11, English, law%20of%20nature
correct
- jus naturale 3, record 11, English, jus%20naturale
correct, Latin
Record 11, Textual support, English
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Natural law(or law of nature). The belief in natural law and natural law theories has been one of the most ancient and persistent themes in philosophy, and in legal history and theory. In general, it denotes belief in a system of right or justice common to all men prescribed by the supreme controlling force in the universe and distinct from positive law, law laid down by any particular state or other human organization. The starting points of all natural law thinking have been "reason" and "the nature of man". But there have always been disagreements about the meaning of natural law and its relation to positive law. 4, record 11, English, - natural%20law
Record 11, French
Record 11, Domaine(s)
- Phraséologie
- Théorie du droit
- Relations internationales
Record 11, Main entry term, French
- droit naturel
1, record 11, French, droit%20naturel
correct, masculine noun
Record 11, Abbreviations, French
Record 11, Synonyms, French
- droit idéal 2, record 11, French, droit%20id%C3%A9al
correct, masculine noun
- droit objectif 2, record 11, French, droit%20objectif
correct, masculine noun
- droit rationnel 2, record 11, French, droit%20rationnel
correct, masculine noun
- droit nécessaire 2, record 11, French, droit%20n%C3%A9cessaire
correct, masculine noun
- droit primitif 2, record 11, French, droit%20primitif
correct, masculine noun
Record 11, Textual support, French
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Le droit des gens peut être conçu, soit comme étant l'expression de la justice appliquée aux rapports internationaux, soit comme étant l'ensemble des règles qui, à un moment donné, sont effectivement en vigueur entre des États donnés. Dans le premier cas on est en présence du droit naturel, que l'on appelle aussi droit idéal, nécessaire, rationnel, primitif ou objectif. Dans le second cas on est en présence du droit positif, effectif ou établi. Cette distinction, qui n'est pas propre au droit international, y a une importance particulière pour des raisons d'ordre historique et technique : l'effort doctrinal des théologiens d'une part, l'absence de législateur superétatique d'autre part, expliquent l'attitude fréquemment adoptée par les auteurs du droit international, volontiers enclins à faire appel aux principes du droit naturel pour compléter, amender ou interpréter les données du droit positif. 2, record 11, French, - droit%20naturel
Record 11, Spanish
Record 11, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Fraseología
- Régimen jurídico
- Relaciones internacionales
Record 11, Main entry term, Spanish
- derecho natural
1, record 11, Spanish, derecho%20natural
correct, masculine noun
Record 11, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 11, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 11, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Primeros principios de lo justo y lo injusto, inspirados por la propia naturaleza. 1, record 11, Spanish, - derecho%20natural
Record 12 - internal organization data 1996-11-20
Record 12, English
Record 12, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 12, Main entry term, English
- bullet operator
1, record 12, English, bullet%20operator
correct
Record 12, Abbreviations, English
Record 12, Synonyms, English
- B operator 1, record 12, English, B%20operator
correct
Record 12, Textual support, English
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Even if the denotations of terms were the same for all agents(and for use), we would need to have a way of referring to the constants used by agents for denoting objects(because the constants used by these agents might not appear in our theory). Suppose we were to Skolemize a nested belief formula by replacing the existential variable by a Skolem constant, say Sk. Sk denotes an object-we do not know which one, but A does know!(We know that A knows which object Sk denotes because the semantics of B tells us that there is an expression of the form P(C) in A's theory such that C denotes whatever Sk is supposed to denote.) Therefore, we need a constant to denote whatever it is that Sk denotes. We introduce an operator o. called the bullet operator, that transforms any term inside the context of the B operator to a constant denoting, for the believer, whatever that term is supposed to denote for us. 1, record 12, English, - bullet%20operator
Record 12, French
Record 12, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 12, Main entry term, French
- opérateur B
1, record 12, French, op%C3%A9rateur%20B
proposal, masculine noun
Record 12, Abbreviations, French
Record 12, Synonyms, French
Record 12, Textual support, French
Record 12, Spanish
Record 12, Textual support, Spanish
Record 13 - internal organization data 1994-07-18
Record 13, English
Record 13, Subject field(s)
- Social Psychology
Record 13, Main entry term, English
- generative theory
1, record 13, English, generative%20theory
correct
Record 13, Abbreviations, English
Record 13, Synonyms, English
Record 13, Textual support, English
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A theory that challenges the beliefs or assumptions that are common to a culture and in doing so develops alternatives to the status quo and furnishes a choice in the place of dogmatic belief. 1, record 13, English, - generative%20theory
Record 13, French
Record 13, Domaine(s)
- Psychologie sociale
Record 13, Main entry term, French
- théorie générative
1, record 13, French, th%C3%A9orie%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rative
correct, feminine noun
Record 13, Abbreviations, French
Record 13, Synonyms, French
Record 13, Textual support, French
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Théorie qui défie les croyances et les postulats partagés par les membres d'une culture. Ce faisant, une telle théorie propose d'autres options que le statu quo et permet de choisir de nouvelles solutions plutôt que de continuer à conserver une croyance dogmatique. 1, record 13, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rative
Record 13, Spanish
Record 13, Textual support, Spanish
Record 14 - internal organization data 1993-10-29
Record 14, English
Record 14, Subject field(s)
- Psychology (General)
Record 14, Main entry term, English
- irrational belief
1, record 14, English, irrational%20belief
correct
Record 14, Abbreviations, English
Record 14, Synonyms, English
Record 14, Textual support, English
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The RET [Rational-Emotive Therapy] "A-B-C theory" of personality holds that should an unfortunate event such as a family quarrel be followed by extreme anxiety or some other undesirable emotional consequence, inquiry will disclose that consequence C was caused not by activating event A, but rather by some irrational belief or beliefs B about the nature or meaning of the quarrel.... 1, record 14, English, - irrational%20belief
Record 14, French
Record 14, Domaine(s)
- Psychologie (Généralités)
Record 14, Main entry term, French
- pensée irrationnelle
1, record 14, French, pens%C3%A9e%20irrationnelle
correct, feminine noun
Record 14, Abbreviations, French
Record 14, Synonyms, French
Record 14, Textual support, French
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Ellis [psychothérapeute américain] étonne par la véhémence avec laquelle il soutient que les pensées irrationnelles sont en grande partie innées, instinctives ou biologiquement déterminées [...] La plupart des irrationalités seraient conformes aux enseignements sociaux, parentaux et ne semblent pas susceptibles de modification par simple apprentissage [...] 1, record 14, French, - pens%C3%A9e%20irrationnelle
Record 14, Spanish
Record 14, Textual support, Spanish
Record 15 - internal organization data 1989-02-15
Record 15, English
Record 15, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 15, Main entry term, English
- evidential reasoning
1, record 15, English, evidential%20reasoning
correct
Record 15, Abbreviations, English
Record 15, Synonyms, English
Record 15, Textual support, English
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A body of techniques that supports automated reasoning from evidence. It is based upon the Dempster-Shafer theory of belief functions. 2, record 15, English, - evidential%20reasoning
Record 15, French
Record 15, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 15, Main entry term, French
- raisonnement d'évidence
1, record 15, French, raisonnement%20d%27%C3%A9vidence
masculine noun
Record 15, Abbreviations, French
Record 15, Synonyms, French
Record 15, Textual support, French
Record 15, Spanish
Record 15, Textual support, Spanish
Record 16 - internal organization data 1987-12-15
Record 16, English
Record 16, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 16, Main entry term, English
- belief theory
1, record 16, English, belief%20theory
correct
Record 16, Abbreviations, English
Record 16, Synonyms, English
Record 16, French
Record 16, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 16, Main entry term, French
- théorie de la croyance
1, record 16, French, th%C3%A9orie%20de%20la%20croyance
correct, feminine noun
Record 16, Abbreviations, French
Record 16, Synonyms, French
Record 16, Textual support, French
Record 16, Spanish
Record 16, Textual support, Spanish
Record 17 - internal organization data 1986-12-31
Record 17, English
Record 17, Subject field(s)
- Artificial Intelligence
Record 17, Main entry term, English
- propositional attitude
1, record 17, English, propositional%20attitude
correct
Record 17, Abbreviations, English
Record 17, Synonyms, English
Record 17, Textual support, English
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The propositional attitudes, that is belief, hope, desire, wondering, doubt of cognitive agents. They are recognized as being of great importance in the theory of representation in philosophy and Artificial Intelligence. 2, record 17, English, - propositional%20attitude
Record 17, French
Record 17, Domaine(s)
- Intelligence artificielle
Record 17, Main entry term, French
- attitude propositionnelle
1, record 17, French, attitude%20propositionnelle
correct, feminine noun
Record 17, Abbreviations, French
Record 17, Synonyms, French
Record 17, Textual support, French
Record 17, Spanish
Record 17, Textual support, Spanish
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