TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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While soft drugs are perceived as less physically and mentally addictive and less harmful, that's not necessarily the case. Alcohol, nicotine and marijuana can lead to serious health problems, like liver disease, impaired brain function and several forms of cancer.  2, record 1, English, - soft%20drug

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Most drugs are categorized as hard or soft based on public opinion rather than clear criteria.  2, record 1, English, - soft%20drug

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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On entend fréquemment parler de «drogues dures» et de «drogues douces». Il n'existe en fait aucun critère scientifique permettant un tel classement. Une approximation définirait les «drogues dures» comme celles qui créent une dépendance physique (héroïne, autres opiacés, barbituriques, alcool) ou une dépendance psychique très rapide (crack) ou qui présentent un danger psychique (LSD, ecstasy, etc.) et les drogues douces comme les autres drogues (tabac et cannabis principalement). Une autre interprétation pourrait être de nommer «drogues douces» celles dont l'usage s'est plus ou moins banalisé et donc qui n'effraient pas comme l'alcool, le tabac et le cannabis, et même la cocaïne pour certains, les autres drogues étant classées comme dures.  2, record 1, French, - drogue%20douce

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Las drogas blandas son sustancias enervantes, derivadas de elementos naturales, como la mariguana y los hongos alucinógenos, consideradas menos dañinas para el organismo.  1, record 1, Spanish, - droga%20blanda

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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Twenty-nine machines will be used in polling centres around the city.The results from all the machines are downloaded onto computers at the election office to get the combined results for the city.  2, record 2, English, - combined%20results

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In addition, two recent studies, not included in the combined results because they are not cohort studies, have reported a possible increased risk of brain cancer in fire fighters.  3, record 2, English, - combined%20results

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Term always used in the plural in this context.  4, record 2, English, - combined%20results

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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Depuis 1984, 12 études épidémiologiques ont démontré que la [fumée de tabac dans l'environnement] augmente les risques d'infarctus du myocarde. Les résultats combinés de ces études révèlent un risque relatif de décès de 1.2 (7,8).  3, record 2, French, - r%C3%A9sultats%20combin%C3%A9s

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En Ontario, [...] où les résultats du vote sont généralement déterminants, les résultats combinés et pondérés des sondages montrent que les libéraux [...] tiraient de l'arrière par 2 % cinq semaines plus tard [...]  2, record 2, French, - r%C3%A9sultats%20combin%C3%A9s

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résultats combinés; résultats regroupés : termes toujours utilisés au pluriel dans ce contexte.  4, record 2, French, - r%C3%A9sultats%20combin%C3%A9s

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Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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A rare cancer predisposition syndrome characterized by the early-onset of multiple primary cancers such as breast cancer, soft tissue and bone sarcomas …, brain tumors and adrenal cortical carcinoma(ACC) …  4, record 3, English, - Li%2DFraumeni%20syndrome

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Individuals with LFS have an approximately 50% [chance] of developing cancer by age 40, and up to a 90% percent chance by age 60, while females have nearly a 100% risk of developing cancer in their lifetime due to their markedly increased risk of breast cancer.  5, record 3, English, - Li%2DFraumeni%20syndrome

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Li-Fraumeni syndrome is caused by a mutation in the p53 (Tp53) tumour suppressor gene or a mutation in the CHEK2 tumour suppressor gene.  6, record 3, English, - Li%2DFraumeni%20syndrome

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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Syndrome rare de prédisposition au cancer caractérisé par l'apparition précoce de plusieurs cancers primitifs tels que le cancer du sein, les sarcomes osseux et des tissus mous, la tumeur cérébrale et le corticosurrénalome (ACC).  3, record 3, French, - syndrome%20de%20Li%2DFraumeni

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Le facteur héréditaire peut [...] consister en un défaut des systèmes de réparation de l'ADN après lésion, ce qui accroît le risque de mutation (syndrome de Li-Fraumeni).  4, record 3, French, - syndrome%20de%20Li%2DFraumeni

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Le syndrome de Li-Fraumeni est causé par une mutation du gène suppresseur de tumeur p53 (TP53) ou du gène suppresseur de tumeur CHEK2.  5, record 3, French, - syndrome%20de%20Li%2DFraumeni

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Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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An artificial eutactic mechanical device that relies on nanometer-scale components.  7, record 4, English, - nanorobot

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The dream is to use programmed nanomachines(a. k. a. nanorobots, nanobots, or nanites) to target and destroy cancer cells, viruses, and plaques in the arteries and the brain.  8, record 4, English, - nanorobot

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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Machine à l'échelle nanométrique.  4, record 4, French, - nanorobot

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Les nanomachines sont de minuscules machines théoriques. Leur taille est de l'ordre du nanomètre. Elles travaillent directement sur les atomes, pour construire ou détruire des molécules, des objets.  5, record 4, French, - nanorobot

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Sobre el papel, la revolución nanotecnológica no ofrece más que ventajas. Conociendo las fuerzas que rigen las interacciones atómicas, deberíamos ser capaces de fabricar "desde lo pequeño" (¿átomos individuales?) nuestros nanoobjetos y, a partir de ellos, diseñar y ensamblar nanomáquinas no parece ser más que un ambicioso pero plausible proyecto ingenieril (o nanoingenieril).  1, record 4, Spanish, - nanom%C3%A1quina

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Unos científicos australianos han creado un nanorrobot de 250 nanómetros de diámetro, equivalente al grosor de dos o tres cabellos, potencialmente capaz de operar el cerebro [...] El reto consistía en desarrollar, en un robot muy fino, un motor lo suficientemente potente para poder "remontar a contracorriente" los flujos sanguíneos. [...] Queda por ver cómo circulará el nanorrobot y comprobar que este minúsculo aparato no se pierda en el organismo y pueda ser recuperado.  2, record 4, Spanish, - nanom%C3%A1quina

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Ingenieros de Harvard crearon un robot nanométrico, diseño basado en los principios del origami, el cual está compuesto por ADN [ácido desoxirribonucleico] humano y cuya función es transmitirle órdenes a las células del sistema [inmunitario] para que se encarguen de destruir todas aquellas relacionadas con un linfoma cancerígeno o con la leucemia. Con este robot también podría aplicarse tratamiento y medicamento para combatir dicha enfermedad.  3, record 4, Spanish, - nanom%C3%A1quina

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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Ependymoblastoma is a highly malignant brain cancer of childhood and is usually seen in the very young child or infant. It is rare among brain cancers in general, but these brain cancers are the second most common malignancy in the childhood age group, second only to leukemia.  2, record 5, English, - ependymoblastoma

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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L’épendymoblastome est une tumeur qui évolue rapidement et qui prend naissance dans les ventricules où le liquide céphalorachidien est fabriqué. Il a tendance à affecter l’enfant plutôt que l’adulte mais est rare.  2, record 5, French, - %C3%A9pendymoblastome

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Tumor ependimal poco frecuente compuesto de células embrionarias, y de rápido desarrollo.  1, record 5, Spanish, - ependimoblastoma

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Es un tumor típicamente infantil.  1, record 5, Spanish, - ependimoblastoma

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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Brain metastases are different from a cancer that starts in the brain(called "primary brain cancer"). Primary brain tumours occur much less often than brain metastases.  1, record 6, English, - brain%20metastase

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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On parlera de «métastases cérébrales» lorsque le cancer se propage de son foyer initial à l'encéphale. Celles-ci sont différentes d'un cancer qui prend naissance dans l'encéphale, c'est-à-dire d'un cancer du cerveau primitif lequel est beaucoup moins fréquent que les métastases cérébrales.  1, record 6, French, - m%C3%A9tastase%20c%C3%A9r%C3%A9brale

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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Most prostate cancer cells depend on hormones to grow. Hormones such as gonadotropin releasing hormone(GnRH) or luteinizing hormone releasing hormone(LHRH) are released from the hypothalamus gland in the brain. When these hormones are released, they promote the testicles to produce the male hormone, testosterone. Androgen Deprivation Therapy(ADT) deprives prostate cancer cells of the male hormones(known as androgens) that cancer cells require in order to grow. ADT is the most common therapy used in men with advanced prostate cancer.  3, record 7, English, - androgen%20deprivation%20therapy

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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La plupart des cellules cancéreuses de la prostate ont besoin d’hormones pour croître. L’hypothalamus libère dans le cerveau des hormones telles que la gonadolibérine (gn-RH) ou l’hormone de libération de l’hormone lutéinisante (LHRH). Lorsqu’elles sont libérées, ces hormones incitent les testicules à produire l’hormone mâle testostérone. Le traitement antiandrogénique prive les cellules cancéreuses de la prostate des hormones mâles (appelées androgènes) dont elles ont besoin pour croître. Ce traitement est le traitement le plus souvent utilisé chez les hommes au stade avancé du cancer de la prostate.  3, record 7, French, - traitement%20antiandrog%C3%A9nique

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Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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A malignant tumor that arises in the brain.  2, record 8, English, - brain%20cancer

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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Tumeur maligne qui se développe aux dépens du cerveau.  2, record 8, French, - cancer%20du%20cerveau

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Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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The phrase "chemo brain" has come to be used by cancer survivors to describe changes in memory, attention, concentration, and abilities to perform various mental tasks that are associated with receiving chemotherapy treatments for cancer. In medical jargon the effects of chemo brain are referred to as cognitive deficits or declining neuropsychological functioning.  2, record 9, English, - chemo%20brain

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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Effet secondaire courant de la [...] chimiothérapie et portant atteinte au fonctionnement normal des cellules nerveuses du cerveau de façon temporaire.  1, record 9, French, - dysfonction%20cognitive%20%C3%A0%20la%20suite%20d%27une%20chimioth%C3%A9rapie

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Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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Gene therapies to treat cancer and viral infections are estimated to generate the greatest sales, surpassing $1 billion by 2005. The first gene therapy products to reach the market by 2000 are for brain cancer. The estimated two leading cancer sites for gene therapy in 2005 are lung and colorectal, dominating 67 percent of the market.  2, record 10, English, - gene%20therapy%20product

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Regular mammalian, microbial and viral services include the production of cell and viral banks, recombinant proteins, antibodies and gene therapy products such as adenovirus, AAV, baculovirus and plasmid DNA. For the production of proteins and gene therapy products we can offer specialized adenoviruses, proprietary cell lines and patented nucleic acid purification technology for the highest quality plasmid and vectors.  1, record 10, English, - gene%20therapy%20product

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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Produit qui permet le transfert de matériel génétique.  2, record 10, French, - produit%20de%20th%C3%A9rapie%20g%C3%A9nique

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Les produits de thérapie génique sont considérés, en France, comme des médicaments (mais pas spécifiquement comme des produits de spécialité thérapeutique), puisqu'ils sont administrés dans le but de prévenir, diagnostiquer ou traiter une maladie. Ils ne pourront être utilisés en pratique médicale courante que lorsqu'une qualité satisfaisante aura pu être démontrée et qu'ils auront aussi fait la preuve de leur efficacité et leur innocuité.  3, record 10, French, - produit%20de%20th%C3%A9rapie%20g%C3%A9nique

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Essais cliniques en thérapie génique.  4, record 10, French, - produit%20de%20th%C3%A9rapie%20g%C3%A9nique

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Il peut s'agir de plasmides, de virus ou de cellules les produisant. Il peut aussi s'agir de cellules génétiquement modifiées.  2, record 10, French, - produit%20de%20th%C3%A9rapie%20g%C3%A9nique

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Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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An ingenious experiment offers hope for a new kind of surgery for cancer. Kenneth Culver(National Cancer Institute-USA spliced a snippet of DNA from a herpes virus into one of these retroviruses and injected the combination into rats suffering from brain cancer. Since cancer cells are about the only cells that are dividing in a cancer-infected brain, the viruses were supposed to invade those cells and multiply. After five days, the rats were treated with an antiherpes drug. The hope was that the toxin would kill herpes-infected cancer cells and leave the rest of the brain alone. In 11 of the 14 rats, the tumors disappeared completely. The results were so promising that an NIH watchdog committee has already approved a similar test on humans. The risks are high. The researchers will, in effect, be putting mouse genes directly into human brains. But the payoff could be great. Cancer Institute researchers are now searching for other inoperable cancers that might succumb to what they are calling molecular surgery.  1, record 11, English, - molecular%20surgery

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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Grâce à une opération de chirurgie génique réalisée chez la souris, les chercheurs de l'équipe INSERM ont inactivé le gène SMN dans les seules cellules-cibles de l'amyotrophie spinale.  1, record 11, French, - chirurgie%20g%C3%A9nique

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Record 12,  Textual support,  English

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Results of Johns Hopkins animal studies show that a natural shark substance nearly stops the growth of new blood vessels that nourish solid brain tumors. The results suggest that the substance, squalamine, named for the shark genus Squalus, may find a role with chemotherapy, radiation and surgery in treating brain cancer and other solid tumors in people, say scientists from Hopkins and Magainin Pharmaceuticals, which processes squalamine and funded the studies. Hopkins scientists added squalamine, a hormone-like chemical concentrated in the liver of the dogfish shark, and a growth factor to lab dishes containing central nervous system blood vessel cells from cows and squalamine alone to lab dishes containing human, rabbit or rat solid brain tumor cells.  2, record 12, English, - squalamine

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

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Substance d'origine marine présentant des propriétés antitumorales isolée chez le chien de mer.  2, record 12, French, - squalamine

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Record 13,  Textual support,  English

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During the past few years doctors have managed to repair deadly enzyme deficiencies in a handful of human subjects. Now they start to understand how to repair defective genes. Cancer cells, which have forgotten how to stop growing, will be reeducated. So will cells that have forgotten to keep growing, like the cells responsible for hair growth in balding men. Nongenetic damage could also be fixed. Nerve cells, for instance, which ordinarily don’t repair themselves, could be reconfigured to do so, whether in the aftermath of a spinal-cord injury or a brain disease like Alzheimer's.  1, record 13, English, - gene%20repair

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See DNA repair  2, record 13, English, - gene%20repair

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Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish