TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The energy absorbed in breaking a specimen by a single blow of the pendulum of a tensile-impact testing machine under specified conditions, referred to the original cross-sectional area of the specimen.  1, record 1, English, - tensile%2Dimpact%20strength

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The specimen can be notched or unnotched.  1, record 1, English, - tensile%2Dimpact%20strength

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Tensile-impact strength is expressed in kilojoules per square metre.  1, record 1, English, - tensile%2Dimpact%20strength

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

tensile-impact strength: term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 1, English, - tensile%2Dimpact%20strength

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Énergie absorbée à la rupture d'une éprouvette par une seule percussion de pendule dans une machine d'essai de choc-traction dans des conditions spécifiées, rapportée à l'aire de section transversale initiale de l'éprouvette.  1, record 1, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20au%20choc%2Dtraction

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'éprouvette peut être lisse ou entaillée.  1, record 1, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20au%20choc%2Dtraction

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La résistance au choc-traction est exprimée en kilojoules par mètre carré.  1, record 1, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20au%20choc%2Dtraction

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

résistance au choc-traction : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 1, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20au%20choc%2Dtraction

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The impact energy absorbed in breaking an unnotched specimen, supported as a vertical cantilever beam, by a single impact of a striker, referred to the original cross sectional area of the specimen.  1, record 2, English, - Izod%20unnotched%20impact%20strength

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[The Izod unnotched impact strength] is expressed in kilojoules per square metre.  1, record 2, English, - Izod%20unnotched%20impact%20strength

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Izod unnotched impact strength: term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 2, English, - Izod%20unnotched%20impact%20strength

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Énergie de choc absorbée par la rupture d'une éprouvette non entaillée supportée par une poutre en porte-à-faux verticale, par un seul impact d'un percuteur, rapportée à l'aire de la section transversale initiale de l'éprouvette.  1, record 2, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20au%20choc%20Izod%20d%27%C3%A9prouvettes%20non%20entaill%C3%A9es

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Exprimée en kilojoules par mètre carré.  1, record 2, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20au%20choc%20Izod%20d%27%C3%A9prouvettes%20non%20entaill%C3%A9es

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

résistance au choc Izod d'éprouvettes non entaillées : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 2, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20au%20choc%20Izod%20d%27%C3%A9prouvettes%20non%20entaill%C3%A9es

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The impact energy absorbed in breaking a notched specimen, supported as a vertical cantilever beam, by a single impact of a striker, referred to the original cross sectional area of the specimen.  1, record 3, English, - Izod%20notched%20impact%20strength

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[The Izod notched impact strength] is expressed in kilojoules per square metre.  1, record 3, English, - Izod%20notched%20impact%20strength

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Izod notched impact strength: term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 3, English, - Izod%20notched%20impact%20strength

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Énergie de choc absorbée par la rupture d'une éprouvette entaillée supportée par une poutre en porte-à-faux verticale, par un seul impact d'un percuteur, rapportée à l'aire de la section transversale initiale de l'éprouvette.  1, record 3, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20au%20choc%20Izod%20d%27%C3%A9prouvettes%20entaill%C3%A9es

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Exprimée en kilojoules par mètre carré.  1, record 3, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20au%20choc%20Izod%20d%27%C3%A9prouvettes%20entaill%C3%A9es

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

résistance au choc Izod d'éprouvettes entaillées : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 3, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20au%20choc%20Izod%20d%27%C3%A9prouvettes%20entaill%C3%A9es

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The impact energy absorbed in breaking an unnotched specimen, referred to the original cross-sectional area of the specimen.  1, record 4, English, - Charpy%20unnotched%20impact%20strength

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[The Charpy unnotched impact strength] is expressed in kilojoules per square metre.  1, record 4, English, - Charpy%20unnotched%20impact%20strength

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Charpy unnotched impact strength: term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 4, English, - Charpy%20unnotched%20impact%20strength

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Énergie de choc absorbée par la rupture d'une éprouvette non entaillée, rapportée à l'aire de la section transversale initiale de l'éprouvette.  1, record 4, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20au%20choc%20Charpy%20d%27%C3%A9prouvettes%20non%20entaill%C3%A9es

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Exprimée en kilojoules par mètre carré.  1, record 4, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20au%20choc%20Charpy%20d%27%C3%A9prouvettes%20non%20entaill%C3%A9es

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

résistance au choc Charpy d'éprouvettes non entaillées : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 4, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20au%20choc%20Charpy%20d%27%C3%A9prouvettes%20non%20entaill%C3%A9es

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The impact energy absorbed in breaking a notched specimen, referred to the original cross-sectional area of the specimen at the notch.  1, record 5, English, - Charpy%20notched%20impact%20strength

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[The Charpy notched impact strength] is expressed in kilojoules per square metre.  1, record 5, English, - Charpy%20notched%20impact%20strength

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Charpy notched impact strength: term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 5, English, - Charpy%20notched%20impact%20strength

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Énergie de choc absorbée par la rupture d'une éprouvette entaillée, rapportée à l'aire de la section transversale initiale de l'éprouvette au niveau de l'entaille.  1, record 5, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20au%20choc%20Charpy%20d%27%C3%A9prouvettes%20entaill%C3%A9es

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Exprimée en kilojoules par mètre carré.  1, record 5, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20au%20choc%20Charpy%20d%27%C3%A9prouvettes%20entaill%C3%A9es

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

résistance au choc Charpy d'éprouvettes entaillées : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 5, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20au%20choc%20Charpy%20d%27%C3%A9prouvettes%20entaill%C3%A9es

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The amount of energy required to fracture a material, usually measured by means of an Izod or Charpy test.  1, record 6, English, - impact%20strength

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Not to be confused with "impact resistance."  3, record 6, English, - impact%20strength

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The type of specimen and testing conditions affect the values and therefore should be specified.  1, record 6, English, - impact%20strength

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantité d'énergie nécessaire pour provoquer la rupture d'une pièce.  1, record 6, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20de%20rupture

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On la mesure au cours d'un essai Izod ou d'un essai Charpy.  1, record 6, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20de%20rupture

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Energía absorbida en el rompimiento de un espécimen, bajo una carga de choque, referida a la sección transversal de un espécimen.  1, record 6, Spanish, - resistencia%20al%20impacto

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En los ensayos de impacto Charpy (ISO 179) e Izod (ISO 180).  1, record 6, Spanish, - resistencia%20al%20impacto

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An instrument for producing high-intensity ultrasound, consisting of a converter that transforms electrical energy into mechanical energy in the form of oscillation of piezoelectric transducers at a frequency of 20 kilohertz, and a titanium horn that focuses this oscillation and radiates energy into the liquid being treated through a tip.  2, record 7, English, - sonicator

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sonication is the act of applying sound(usually ultrasound) energy to agitate particles in a sample, for various purposes. In the laboratory, it is usually applied using an ultrasonic bath or an ultrasonic probe, colloquially known as a sonicator.... Sonication can be used to speed dissolution, by breaking intermolecular interactions.... In biological applications, sonication may be sufficient to disrupt or deactivate a biological material.... Sonication is commonly used in nanotechnology for evenly dispersing nanoparticles in liquids. Sonication can also be used to initiate crystallisation processes and even control polymorphic crystallisations.... Sonication is the mechanism used in ultrasonic cleaning; loosening particles adhering to surfaces. Outside the field of laboratory science, sonicating baths are used to clean objects such as spectacles and jewelry. Sonication is also used to extract microfossils from rock.  3, record 7, English, - sonicator

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Sonicator is also a trademark of] Qsonica. The Sonicator brand was originally produced by Heat Systems Ultrasonics in the 1970’s. Heat Systems was re-named Misonix, Inc. in 1990. The Misonix Sonicator brand is now owned by Qsonica.  4, record 7, English, - sonicator

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil utilisant l'énergie des ultrasons pour réaliser diverses opérations : désintégration, dispersion, homogénéisation, émulsion, etc.  6, record 7, French, - sonicateur

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le sonicateur est utilisé, en chimie et en physique, pour désagréger un solide en suspension dans un liquide, disperser un liquide dans un autre, dépolymériser de grosses molécules et, en biologie, pour casser les membranes de cellules afin d'en extraire les constituants. L'énergie ultrasonore est transmise au milieu par une sonde mise en vibration par un cristal piézo-électrique excité par un courant haute fréquence.  6, record 7, French, - sonicateur

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Sonde ultrasonore. Le second système consiste à immerger l’émetteur dans la solution à traiter. On désigne souvent le système, soit sous le nom de sonde à ultrasons (sonotrode) lorsqu’il est immergé par-dessus (figure 16a), soit de cup-horn lorsqu’il est immergé par-dessous (figure 16b).  3, record 7, French, - sonicateur

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Le second appareillage est la sonde à ultrasons. À la différence du bac, elle permet une irradiation directe du milieu tout en générant des puissances acoustiques nettement supérieures (plus de 100 fois plus élevées). Cependant, son utilisation reste seulement adaptée au traitement de petits volumes de liquide et une attention particulière doit être portée à ce type de manipulation car l’échantillon peut subir une augmentation rapide de température.  4, record 7, French, - sonicateur

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A piece of industrial or laboratory equipment that consists of a container, or bath, used for cleaning, or mixing things inserted into the bath, by means of sending ultrasonic vibrations through the liquid in the bath.  4, record 8, English, - ultrasonic%20bath

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sonication is the act of applying sound(usually ultrasound) energy to agitate particles in a sample, for various purposes. In the laboratory, it is usually applied using an ultrasonic bath or an ultrasonic probe, colloquially known as a sonicator.... Sonication can be used to speed dissolution, by breaking intermolecular interactions.... In biological applications, sonication may be sufficient to disrupt or deactivate a biological material.... Sonication is commonly used in nanotechnology for evenly dispersing nanoparticles in liquids. Sonication can also be used to initiate crystallisation processes and even control polymorphic crystallisations.... Sonication is the mechanism used in ultrasonic cleaning; loosening particles adhering to surfaces. Outside the field of laboratory science, sonicating baths are used to clean objects such as spectacles and jewelry. Sonication is also used to extract microfossils from rock.  5, record 8, English, - ultrasonic%20bath

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Sonication with a bath type sonicator resulted in relatively small enhancements of TOC [total organic carbon] removal but further studies with cup-horn sonication showed that TOC removal increased with higher intensity of sonication.  2, record 8, English, - ultrasonic%20bath

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Bac à ultrasons. C’est le premier matériel a avoir été utilisé en sonochimie. Ce bac, le plus souvent rectangulaire, est généralement commercialisé à des fins de nettoyage. Il se décline en différentes tailles et fréquences. Des capacités de 0,5 à 300 L sont commercialisées. Les puissances correspondantes vont de 40 à 2 000 W [watts]. Compte tenu de l’application majeure qu’est le nettoyage, les fréquences couramment disponibles sont comprises entre 20 et 45 kHz [kilohertzs]. Des options classiques telle la possibilité de fonctionner en continu ou de créer des séquences répétitives de fonctionnement et d’arrêt (mode pulsé) sont proposées en série. [...] Le liquide irradié est selon le cas celui contenu dans le bac (irradiation directe) ou dans un récipient immergé dans le bac (irradiation indirecte) (figure 15). Dans ce dernier cas, le liquide du bac assure la transmission de l’onde ultrasonore.  2, record 8, French, - bac%20%C3%A0%20ultrasons

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Deux types d’équipements sont couramment utilisés dans les laboratoires. Le premier est le bac à ultrasons qui est peu onéreux et trouve de nombreuses applications pour la préparation d'échantillons, l'homogénéisation, la dispersion, le dégazage et le nettoyage (Figure 44). Il génère des fréquences comprises entre 25 et 50 kHz [kilohertzs] et des puissances acoustiques de 1 à 5 [watt(s)].cm[centimère exposant -2]. Ce type d’instrumentation possède l’avantage d’être simple à utiliser mais nécessite l’emploi d’un contenant pour le mélange à traiter qui va agir comme amortisseur de l’effet des ultrasons qui ne pourront agir que de manière indirecte. Le second appareillage est la sonde à ultrasons.  3, record 8, French, - bac%20%C3%A0%20ultrasons

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A typical multi-head breaker is a rubber-tired, self-propelled unit which carries 1, 000 to 1, 500 pound hammers mounted laterally in pairs. Half of the hammers are in a forward row and the remainder diagonally offset in a rear row so that there is continuous breakage from side to side. Each pair of hammers is attached to a hydraulic lift cylinder which operates as an independent unit. Each unit can develop between 1, 000 and 8, 000 foot pounds of energy depending upon drop height selected. The units can cycle at a rate of 30 to 35 impacts per minute. The typical machine is eight foot wide and carries twelve hammers eight inches in width. An extension wing, carrying two 1, 500 pound hammers, can be added to each side for a total breaking width of up to 13 feet. Pavement breaking can be as narrow as 2. 67 feet or increased in increments up to 13 feet. Typical production rates per machine are 6000-8000 square yards per day.  1, record 9, English, - multi%2Dhead%20breaker%20machine

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A type of equipment used to rubblized concrete pavements.  3, record 9, English, - multi%2Dhead%20breaker%20machine

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Brise-dalle agissant par percussion et qui est utilisé dans les opérations de fracturation par résonnance.  1, record 9, French, - brise%2Ddalle%20%C3%A0%20marteaux

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any chemical compound that, admixed with a thermoplastic resin, selectively absorbs ultraviolet rays; used to prevent ultraviolet degradation of polymers.  2, record 10, English, - ultraviolet%20stabilizer

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When a polymer absorbs light, it may reradiate the absorbed energy at much longer wave lengths(heat), at slightly longer wave lengths(luminescence), or the energy may be transferred to another molecule. When none of these processes is operative, the absorbed light energy may cause bond breaking leading to degradation. By incorporating an ultraviolet absorbing compound into the plastic, it is possible to essentially eliminate all of the above processes, since the absorber even at concentrations as low as 0. 5% can effectively compete for the incident ultraviolet radiation, thus protecting the plastic form degradation. A second approach to stabilization is to incorporate an additive which, though not an absorber in itself, can accept energy from the polymer substrate, and thus, leave the polymer intact. Since protection of plastics against light degradation can be achieved by these two mechanisms, the broader term "ultraviolet stabilizer" or "light stabilizer" is used to refer to such additives.  1, record 10, English, - ultraviolet%20stabilizer

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Produit chimique que l'on ajoute à un matériau macromoléculaire (matière plastique, élastomère, fibre) pour le protéger contre l'action dégradante des rayons ultraviolets.  2, record 10, French, - agent%20anti%2DUV

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le principe de l'agent anti-UV est d'absorber l'énergie reçue sans réémettre dans le visible. Les principaux produits utilisés sont la benzophénone et le benzotriazol. Il faut noter également que l'introduction de certains pigments (oxydes métalliques, noir de carbone) favorise la résistance aux UV de même que l'application d'un revêtement (peinture).  7, record 10, French, - agent%20anti%2DUV

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ultraviolet : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  8, record 10, French, - agent%20anti%2DUV

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

agent anti-UV : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  9, record 10, French, - agent%20anti%2DUV

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ablation, the controlled decomposition of the heat shield during entry, is a very effective means of dissipating entry heating(of course, the heatshield could not be re-used) ;energy absorbed in breaking the physical and chemical bonds that hold the ablator together is unavailable for heating the vehicle.  2, record 11, English, - ablation

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Action d'un flux de matière ou de rayonnement sur la surface d'un corps, entraînant une perte de substance de celui-ci par décomposition chimique, changement d'état ou érosion mécanique.  2, record 11, French, - ablation

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'ablation de matériaux appropriés déposés à la surface d'un corps permet d'en réduire l'échauffement pendant une durée limitée.  2, record 11, French, - ablation

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Cône d'ablation, photoablation.  3, record 11, French, - ablation

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Determination of the degree of resistance of a material to breaking by impact, under bending, tension, and torsion loads.  5, record 12, English, - impact%20test

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Impact test.... The quantity measured is the energy absorbed in breaking the specimen by a single blow, as in the Charpy or Izod tests.  6, record 12, English, - impact%20test

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Impact tests. ... The Charpy test and the Izod test each employ a pendulum, and the energy absorbed in fracture is obtained from the height to which the pendulum rises.  7, record 12, English, - impact%20test

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Essai utilisé pour étudier la résilience d'un matériau.  5, record 12, French, - essai%20de%20choc

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un essai de résilience a pour but de déterminer la ténacité d'un métal [ou autre matériau], c'est-à-dire sa résistance au choc. Celle-ci est mesurée par l'énergie nécessaire pour provoquer la rupture d'un échantillon. On appelle cette énergie de rupture la résilience.  6, record 12, French, - essai%20de%20choc

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'essai de résilience est généralement effectué avec le mouton-pendule de Charpy, constitué par une masse de poids déterminé, mobile autour d'un axe fixe; la barre à tester est calée horizontalement aux pieds de l'appareil, de sorte que la masse puisse la casser en tombant d'une certaine hauteur.  7, record 12, French, - essai%20de%20choc

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A rope made from the highest grades of natural fibres or from man-made textile fibres of high breaking energy.  1, record 13, English, - mountaineering%20rope

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cordage de textile naturels de la meilleure qualité ou de textiles chimiques à haute énergie de rupture.  1, record 13, French, - corde%20d%27alpinisme

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish