TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A cutback is a surfing maneuver with which you change your direction on the rail by going back to the breaking part of the wave. See, when you’re at full speed, there's a big chance that you’re getting away from the breaking wave and heading towards the flat spots of the shoulder that don’t have the intrinsic power to carry you. So, you’ll lose speed, and you’ll need to get back to the wave to gain as much speed as you can. That's when you should perform a cutback. In that sense, a cutback isn’t only an aesthetic move, as it gets you back to the power source of the wave : its curl.  2, record 1, English, - cutback

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Manœuvre horizontale qui consiste, pour un surfeur, à s'élancer sur l'épaule de la vague pour revenir, après un demi-tour, dans le cœur de celle-ci.  1, record 1, French, - man%26oelig%3Buvre%20de%20retour

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

manœuvre de retour; retour : désignations et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 15 décembre 2022.  2, record 1, French, - man%26oelig%3Buvre%20de%20retour

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A beach break is a surfable wave that is breaking onto a beach. The wave is created by the shallow sandy bottom, or sometimes a jetty. A beach break can either be caused by a sand bar out a little ways, or by the wave forming against the shoreline.  2, record 2, English, - beach%20break

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vague qui déferle sur un fond sablonneux.  2, record 2, French, - brisant%20de%20plage

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rouleau sur sable : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 15 décembre 2022.  3, record 2, French, - brisant%20de%20plage

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The curl(or pocket) is the concave part of a wave right in front of where it's breaking, and often very steep. This is where most of the high-performance maneuvers happen, since the curl offers a vertical ramp(similar to a skateboard ramp) that allows surfers to do big snaps or airs.  3, record 3, English, - curl

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Face creuse de la vague qui n'a pas encore déferlé.  1, record 3, French, - c%26oelig%3Bur%20de%20la%20vague

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cœur de la vague; cœur : désignations et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 15 décembre 2022.  2, record 3, French, - c%26oelig%3Bur%20de%20la%20vague

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the hollow part of a wave when it is breaking...  3, record 4, English, - barrel

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cylindre formé par une vague qui déferle en se refermant sur elle-même.  1, record 4, French, - tube

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tube : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 15 décembre 2022.  2, record 4, French, - tube

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tube riding is a term used by surfers to describe riding well inside the curve or barrel of a finely-shaped breaking wave.  3, record 5, English, - tube%20riding

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Manœuvre qui consiste, pour un surfeur, à se faire recouvrir par la vague et à évoluer dans le cylindre qu'elle a formé.  2, record 5, French, - tube

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tube : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 15 décembre 2022.  3, record 5, French, - tube

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The floater is a tricky maneuver that a surfer uses to ride up onto the lip of a breaking wave then "float" back down with the foam on to the clean face of the wave. The surfer's biggest challenge is making a good landing as the board hits the wave face.  2, record 6, English, - floater

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Manœuvre qui consiste, pour un surfeur, à passer sur la lèvre de la vague afin de progresser sur une section de celle-ci.  1, record 6, French, - flotter

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

flotter : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 15 décembre 2022.  2, record 6, French, - flotter

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the uprush of water above the stillwater level caused by wave action on a beach or shore barrier.  2, record 7, English, - wave%20run%2Dup

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sea ice in the nearshore prevents waves from breaking directly onshore and reduces wave run-up...  1, record 7, English, - wave%20run%2Dup

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La glace marine dans le littoral empêche les vagues de se briser directement sur le rivage et réduit la montée des vagues [...]  2, record 7, French, - mont%C3%A9e%20des%20vagues

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Wave loads result from water waves propagating over the surface of the water and striking a building or structural element. These types of loads are typically separated into four categories : nonbreaking waves, breaking waves, broken waves, and uplift...  1, record 8, English, - wave%20load

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This wave starts as a plunging, then the wave catches up with the crest, and the breaker surges up the beach face as a wall of water (with the wave crest and base traveling at the same speed). This results in a quickly rising and falling water level on the beach face, which makes holding craft position and unloading very difficult.  4, record 9, English, - surging%20breaker

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Surging breakers are usually found on a beach with a very steep or near vertical slope.  4, record 9, English, - surging%20breaker

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Un déferlement à gonflement est un] déferlement à la côte [...] pour lequel l'apparition d'écume a lieu à mi-hauteur de la vague [...] et se rencontrerait sur les plages à forte pente.  1, record 9, French, - d%C3%A9ferlement%20%C3%A0%20gonflement

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The advance of water up the foreshore of a beach or structure, following the breaking of a wave.  3, record 10, English, - uprush

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Of the 176 tsunamis recorded in the Pacific Ocean between 1900 and 1970, 35 caused damages near their sources, but only 9 resulted in widespread destruction. Even fewer produced significant runups on British Columbia shores.  4, record 10, English, - uprush

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mouvement montant de l'eau sur l'estran par suite du déferlement d'une vague.  2, record 10, French, - jet%20de%20rive

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An undercurrent flowing down the beach near the bottom of the water, the result of a back-flow of water piled up on the beach by a breaking wave.  2, record 11, English, - underflow

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

underflow: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  3, record 11, English, - underflow

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sur une plage, l'eau des jets de rive a tendance à converger et à s'éloigner du rivage soit en se concentrant dans des courants d'arrachements [...] soit dans des courants de fond.  1, record 11, French, - courant%20de%20fond

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A breaker whose crest collapses gradually over a nearly flat bottom ... the water spilling down continuously over the advancing wave front.  3, record 12, English, - spilling%20breaker

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Spilling breakers are waves that gradually peak until the crest becomes unstable and cascades down in bubble and foam known to most as "white water".  4, record 12, English, - spilling%20breaker

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Déferlement à la côte [...] présentant seulement un écroulement de la crête sans formation du mouvement arrondi.  2, record 12, French, - brisant%20d%C3%A9versant

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les brisants déversants de type rouleau [...] ont à leur crête une large bande d'écume lorsqu'ils approchent de l'estran.  1, record 12, French, - brisant%20d%C3%A9versant

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Déferlement produit par un fond de pente peu importante.  3, record 12, French, - brisant%20d%C3%A9versant

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A breaker] associated with beaches with steeper gradients, where wave energy is released suddenly as the crest curls and then descends violently.  1, record 13, English, - plunging%20breaker

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La vague commence à prendre la forme d'un rouleau lorsque la vitesse du mouvement orbital des particules propulse celles-ci en hauteur. Lorsqu'il n'y a pas suffisamment d'eau à l'avant de la vague pour compléter cette dernière de façon symétrique, la crête n'est plus supportée et elle finit par plonger. Ce type de brisant est appelé vague plongeante.  2, record 13, French, - vague%20plongeante

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A wave that has become so steep that the crest of the wave topples forward, moving faster than the main body of the wave.  3, record 14, English, - breaker

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There are usually three kinds of breaking waves: surging breakers, spilling breakers and plunging breakers.  4, record 14, English, - breaker

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vague dont la crête s'effondre avec fracas.  6, record 14, French, - vague%20d%C3%A9ferlante

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La vague déferlante commence par un simple rouleau, grossissant constamment [...]  7, record 14, French, - vague%20d%C3%A9ferlante

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

On distingue trois sortes de déferlantes suivant l'intensité du déferlement : [...] déferlement plongeant; [...]; déferlement frontal [...]; déferlement glissant [...]  8, record 14, French, - vague%20d%C3%A9ferlante

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 3 OBS

brisant : Terme parfois appliqué aux vagues déferlantes.  9, record 14, French, - vague%20d%C3%A9ferlante

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any chemical compound that, admixed with a thermoplastic resin, selectively absorbs ultraviolet rays; used to prevent ultraviolet degradation of polymers.  2, record 15, English, - ultraviolet%20stabilizer

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When a polymer absorbs light, it may reradiate the absorbed energy at much longer wave lengths(heat), at slightly longer wave lengths(luminescence), or the energy may be transferred to another molecule. When none of these processes is operative, the absorbed light energy may cause bond breaking leading to degradation. By incorporating an ultraviolet absorbing compound into the plastic, it is possible to essentially eliminate all of the above processes, since the absorber even at concentrations as low as 0. 5% can effectively compete for the incident ultraviolet radiation, thus protecting the plastic form degradation. A second approach to stabilization is to incorporate an additive which, though not an absorber in itself, can accept energy from the polymer substrate, and thus, leave the polymer intact. Since protection of plastics against light degradation can be achieved by these two mechanisms, the broader term "ultraviolet stabilizer" or "light stabilizer" is used to refer to such additives.  1, record 15, English, - ultraviolet%20stabilizer

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Produit chimique que l'on ajoute à un matériau macromoléculaire (matière plastique, élastomère, fibre) pour le protéger contre l'action dégradante des rayons ultraviolets.  2, record 15, French, - agent%20anti%2DUV

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le principe de l'agent anti-UV est d'absorber l'énergie reçue sans réémettre dans le visible. Les principaux produits utilisés sont la benzophénone et le benzotriazol. Il faut noter également que l'introduction de certains pigments (oxydes métalliques, noir de carbone) favorise la résistance aux UV de même que l'application d'un revêtement (peinture).  7, record 15, French, - agent%20anti%2DUV

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ultraviolet : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2006).  8, record 15, French, - agent%20anti%2DUV

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

agent anti-UV : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  9, record 15, French, - agent%20anti%2DUV

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Multi-scale composite models based on the Bragg theory are widely used to study the normalized radar cross-section(NRCS) over the sea surface. However, these models are not able to reproduce correctly the NRCS in all configurations and wind-wave conditions. We have developed a physical model that takes into account, not only the Bragg mechanism, but also the non-Bragg scattering mechanism associated with wave breaking.... Models of the normalized radar cross-section of the sea-surface(NRCS) at intermediate incidence angles are usually treated as a composite models describing the combined effects of Bragg scattering mechanism(effective for surface ocean waves whose wavelengths are of the order of the electromagnetic wave) and local-titling effects due to longer underlying waves(Plant, 1986, Donelan and Pierson, 1987, Romeiser et al., 1994, Romeiser et Alpers, 1997, Janssen et al., 1998).  3, record 16, English, - Bragg%20scattering%20mechanism

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Bragg scattering mechanism: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  4, record 16, English, - Bragg%20scattering%20mechanism

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En particulier, des divergences par rapport à un mécanisme de Bragg, laissent supposer que la rétrodiffusion spéculaire est plus forte que prévue théoriquement.  2, record 16, French, - m%C3%A9canisme%20de%20Bragg

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

mécanisme de Bragg : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  3, record 16, French, - m%C3%A9canisme%20de%20Bragg

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... Charnock's formula for the atmospheric side makes physically much more sense than for the ocean side. For the atmosphere, one can imagine a wind blowing over roughness elements somehow related to the wave height. This is not quite correct, because waves are constantly moving and changing their shape, but it yields reasonable results. For the ocean side, however, you have breaking waves injecting turbulence into the ocean. So the length-scale of turbulence near the surface is more likely connected to the turbulence spectrum caused by the breaking events, rather than to the wave height. This implies that Charnock's formula lacks a clear physical interpretation. People use it mainly for the lack of better models.  1, record 17, English, - Charnock%26rsquo%3Bs%20formula

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Evaluation of LM [Lokal-Modell] wind speed forecast. ... offshore: Charnock formula (wind - wave interaction).  2, record 17, English, - Charnock%26rsquo%3Bs%20formula

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The water roughness model. ... The basis of the model is the well known formula of Charnock (1955) for surface roughness of the sea, stating that roughness increases with increasing wind speed.  3, record 17, English, - Charnock%26rsquo%3Bs%20formula

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La formule de Charnock est utilisée pour faire évoluer la longueur de rugosité (uniquement sur océan libre) [...]  1, record 17, French, - formule%20de%20Charnock

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Polar Mesosphere Summer Echoes(PMSE) can be efficient tracers of meso-spheric dynamics. We present an event where a gravity wave oscillation, detected in PMSE, increases in amplitude and breaks into turbulence. Since this is a very non-stationary event, the standard spectrum analysis is not suitable to investigate the wave parameters, the wave steepening and its final breaking into turbulence.  2, record 18, English, - gravity%20wave%20oscillation

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Thème de 1998 de l'Atelier de la gestion financière dans le secteur public (du 24 au 26 mai à Halifax). Il s'agit d'un atelier annuel organisé par l'Institut de gestion financière.  1, record 19, French, - La%20vague%20du%20changement

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

continuously flexing, cylindrical flotation should result in excellent wave conformity.  1, record 21, English, - wave%20conformity

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

wave conformance may deteriorate in steep, breaking seas due to bridging between crests.  1, record 21, English, - wave%20conformity

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le modèle OS44 devrait avoir un meilleur comportement dans les vagues que le P36 (...).  1, record 21, French, - comportement%20dans%20les%20vagues

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les flotteurs individuels assurent une bonne tenue dans les vagues (...).  1, record 21, French, - comportement%20dans%20les%20vagues

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish