TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A herd management system in which cows are mated so that some cows in the herd will calve at all times of the year ...  1, record 1, English, - year%2Dround%20calving

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les vêlages étalés permettent de répartir les pointes de travail sur l'année et de limiter le besoin en logement pour les veaux, dont l'effectif varie peu en cours d'année.  2, record 1, French, - v%C3%AAlage%20%C3%A9tal%C3%A9

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Él entrega leche fluida a dos bodegas de su comunidad y considera que la clave para garantizar los 140 litros diarios que demandan los núcleos familiares de esas dos unidades, está en lograr partos escalonados, que se preñen todos los meses de seis a siete hembras, y tener la comida asegurada.  1, record 1, Spanish, - parto%20escalonado

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A breeding management system in which all of the cows in a herd, or an area, are encouraged to calve at approximately the same time.  1, record 2, English, - seasonal%20calving

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[It is] usually used as a management tool to take maximum advantage of seasonal feed supplies or climate.  1, record 2, English, - seasonal%20calving

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El parto estacional es un método de manejo reproductivo popular entre los ganaderos de Nueva Zelanda, Australia, el Reino Unido, Irlanda, Sudáfrica y Sudamérica.  1, record 2, Spanish, - parto%20estacional

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The lactation cycle is the period between one calving and the next. The cycle is split into phases; the early, mid lactation, late lactation and the dry period.  1, record 3, English, - lactation%20cycle

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le cycle de lactation [...] fait alterner en théorie dix mois de lactation suivis de deux mois de tarissement.  1, record 3, French, - cycle%20de%20lactation

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El ciclo de lactación o producción de leche se divide en cuatro periodos: mamogénesis, lactogénesis, galactopoyesis e involución.  1, record 3, Spanish, - ciclo%20de%20lactaci%C3%B3n

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Induced calving also raises welfare hazards for the calves. If calving is induced too early, the calf is underdeveloped, it has poor vigour and it requires considerable patience and perseverance during rearing on the part of the stockperson.  1, record 4, English, - induced%20calving

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El parto provocado es aquel determinado mediante tratamientos especiales conducentes a interrumpir la gestación a fin de evitar el peligro de la misma en situaciones extremas, tal como sucede con la gestación ectópica, hernia abdominal, inguinal y otras circunstancias que pongan en peligro la vida de la madre, feto inviable, etc.  1, record 4, Spanish, - parto%20provocado

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... calving before 24 months of age.  2, record 5, English, - early%20calving

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un vêlage précoce (avant 24 mois) diminue les frais généraux, mais impose une croissance soutenue (700-900 g/j de 6 mois d'âge au vêlage) obtenue grâce à des aliments de haute valeur alimentaire donc coûteux.  2, record 5, French, - v%C3%AAlage%20pr%C3%A9coce

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

El destete precoz es otra herramienta, pero en vacas de parto temprano se pueden usar otras técnicas [...]  1, record 5, Spanish, - parto%20temprano

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A delayed calving means that heifers stay in the replacement herd for a longer period of time. For example, a 36-month-old first-calf heifer takes an additional 12 months, or 50% more time, than a 24-month-old first-calf heifer before leaving the replacement herd.  2, record 6, English, - delayed%20calving

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On constate qu'une génisse née en automne ne peut pratiquement et économiquement vêler qu'à 30 mois alors qu'une génisse née au printemps peut vêler à 2 ans (vêlage précoce) ou à 3 ans (vêlage tardif).  2, record 6, French, - v%C3%AAlage%20tardif

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Una de las formas más comunes en que se ve afectada la economía de la explotación es el parto tardío, bien sea por problemas reproductivos, por deficiencia de manejo o por ambas cosas.  1, record 6, Spanish, - parto%20tard%C3%ADo

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Selection for calving ease and yearling weight resulted in cows with smaller mature size and similar or better calving ease, calf survival, and calf weaning weight.  3, record 7, English, - calving%20ease

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les vaches canadiennes ont notamment souffert de la concurrence des vaches laitières importées, qui sont plus productives en termes de quantité. Mais pour leurs défenseurs, elles n'en sont pas moins rentables, en raison notamment de leur grande rusticité : elles sont robustes, vivent longtemps, mangent peu et sont appréciées pour leur facilité de vêlage.  2, record 7, French, - facilit%C3%A9%20de%20v%C3%AAlage

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Por lo tanto, en la mayoría de los casos, a medida que aumenta la facilidad de parto, el peso al nacer tiende a descender.  1, record 7, Spanish, - facilidad%20de%20parto

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Age at first calving is an easily measurable trait because it can be calculated using a calf's birth date and the dam's birth date.  3, record 8, English, - age%20at%20first%20calving

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si elles ont réalisé une croissance suffisante, les génisses des races laitières sont normalement pubères vers 9-10 mois, ce qui laisse une grande latitude à l'éleveur quant au choix de l'âge à la première mise à la reproduction et donc de l'âge au premier vêlage.  2, record 8, French, - %C3%A2ge%20au%20premier%20v%C3%AAlage

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

De entre los datos del manejo, seguidamente se comentan los siguientes: el rendimiento por vaca presente y lactación, en quilos de leche del 4% de grasa, el consumo de concentrados por vaca y año, y una serie de variables técnicas más usuales: edad en el primer parto, intervalo entre partos, edad de las vacas en producción y la tasa de reposición.  1, record 8, Spanish, - edad%20en%20el%20primer%20parto

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The students] observed about 10 per cent of heifers mis-mothering calves. There were instances of two or more heifers trying to claim the same calf, heifers abandoning their calves, and heifers stealing calves from other heifers... Much of this mis-mothering can be avoided by providing adequate pasture space so heifers can leave the herd and isolate themselves at calving.  5, record 9, English, - mis%2Dmothering

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Un] agneau [qui] est inapte à se lever et à téter [favorise] le rejet et l'abandon par la mère, c'est-à-dire un comportement maternel inadéquat envers son agneau. Ce syndrome est à l'origine d'une part importante de la mortalité néonatale [...]  2, record 9, French, - comportement%20maternel%20inad%C3%A9quat

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A young cow who has given birth to its first calf.  3, record 10, English, - first%2Dcalf%20heifer

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

First-calvers often require more attention following calving. They require more labor and higher-quality feeds; however, by investing the time in these young cows, they often stay in the herd longer and are productive cows.  4, record 10, English, - first%2Dcalf%20heifer

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les veaux nés de génisses primipares courent un risque plus élevé de ne pas recevoir suffisamment de colostrum de bonne qualité.  4, record 10, French, - g%C3%A9nisse%20primipare

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Precalving Period. The most critical period in the production year is the last 60 to 90 days before calving.  1, record 11, English, - precalving%20period

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There is... a complex relationship between the effects of BCS [body condition score] at calving and energy balance during the postcalving period.  1, record 12, English, - postcalving%20period

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The amount of time ... between the birth of a calf and the birth of a subsequent calf, both from the same cow.  2, record 13, English, - calving%20interval

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le groupe ayant un intervalle de vêlage de 472 jours présente un écart moyen entre les saillies de 80 jours, alors que le groupe de troupeaux ayant un intervalle de vêlage de 409 jours affiche un intervalle moyen entre les saillies de 38 jours.  1, record 13, French, - intervalle%20de%20v%C3%AAlage

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... it is a good idea to separate the dry cows into two groups : the far-off dry cows(first 40 days after drying off) and the close-up dry cows(last 21 days before calving).  1, record 14, English, - close%2Dup%20dry%20cow

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The act of giving birth to a calf.  2, record 15, English, - calving

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Action de [mettre bas], en parlant de la vache.  2, record 15, French, - v%C3%AAlage

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cow-calf Production. As with most wild and domesticated grazing animals, beef calves are usually born in the spring. Calving is timed to coincide with the emerging spring grass so that the mother cow will have nutritious grass to eat, which helps produce an abundance of milk for her offspring.  1, record 16, English, - cow%2Dcalf%20production

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Activité d'élevage spécialisée dans la production d'animaux jeunes.  2, record 16, French, - production%20vache%2Dveau

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A dairy cow that has ceased production of milk prior to calving.  3, record 17, English, - dry%20dairy%20cow

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is a growing practice among dairy farmers to feed the same ration to all cows except the highest milk producers. Although this saves labor, it is wasteful of protein, since dry cows and low producers receive excess protein in their ration.  4, record 17, English, - dry%20dairy%20cow

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dry cow: term standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the National Inventory Report.  5, record 17, English, - dry%20dairy%20cow

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vache laitière dont la production de lait est interrompue avant le vêlage.  3, record 17, French, - vache%20laiti%C3%A8re%20tarie

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est de plus en plus courant chez les producteurs de lait de donner la même ration à toutes les vaches, à l'exception de celles qui produisent le plus de lait. Bien que cette pratique épargne du travail, elle constitue en fait un gaspillage de protéines, puisque les vaches taries et les faibles productrices reçoivent un surplus de protéines dans leur ration.  4, record 17, French, - vache%20laiti%C3%A8re%20tarie

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

vache tarie : terme normalisé par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre du Rapport d'inventaire national.  5, record 17, French, - vache%20laiti%C3%A8re%20tarie

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vaca que no produce más leche.  2, record 17, Spanish, - vaca%20seca

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The boundary on a glacier between the ablation area [below] and accumulation area [above].  5, record 18, English, - equilibrium%20line%20of%20glacier

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... accumulation and ablation don’t occur equally over the whole surface of the glacier. Ablation dominates the snout of the glacier, where the climate is warmer and iceberg calving can happen. Accumulation therefore dominates the upper part of the glacier, where temperature is low and precipitation is suitable for snowfall... So a glacier can be divided into two areas, an accumulation zone and an ablation zone. The line separating the two is called the equilibrium line...  6, record 18, English, - equilibrium%20line%20of%20glacier

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

No net mass is gained or lost at this location. In the absence of superimposed ice, this line is equal to the snow line at the end of the mass balance year.  5, record 18, English, - equilibrium%20line%20of%20glacier

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] ligne qui sépare la zone supérieure du glacier où l'accumulation domine dans le bilan de la zone d'ablation qui voit au contraire disparaître plus de glace qu'il ne s'en forme.  5, record 18, French, - ligne%20d%27%C3%A9quilibre%20glaciaire

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La limite entre ces deux zones [accumulation et ablation] est dénommée ligne d'équilibre d'un glacier. Le bilan de masse annuel est nul (autant d'accumulation que de fonte). L'altitude de la ligne d'équilibre varie évidemment d'une année à l'autre (parfois de plusieurs centaines de mètres) notamment en fonction de deux paramètres climatiques : a) La quantité de chutes de neige totale tombée au cours de l'année, en particulier durant la saison hivernale, détermine l'accumulation. b) Les températures estivales régissent la fonte (ablation) durant la belle saison.  6, record 18, French, - ligne%20d%27%C3%A9quilibre%20glaciaire

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[La] ligne d'équilibre [...] n'existe donc que pour les glaciers soumis à de la fonte.  7, record 18, French, - ligne%20d%27%C3%A9quilibre%20glaciaire

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Línea o zona de un glaciar en la que la ablación anual equilibra la acumulación anual.  2, record 18, Spanish, - l%C3%ADnea%20de%20equilibrio%20de%20un%20glaciar

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A device consisting of a breech bar that fits across the back of the cow’s thighs below the vulva, a long 2 m rod with a ratchet running its length. A small tractor is levered along the ratchet and exerts traction on the calf via obstetric chains fitted to its feet. Has the advantages of a block and tackle but with the mobility of being fixed to the cow.  2, record 19, English, - calf%20puller

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A device used to assist in difficult calvings.  4, record 19, English, - calf%20puller

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil utilisé pour effectuer une extraction forcée d'un veau lors d'un vêlage difficile, dû généralement à un excès de volume du fœtus ou à l'étroitesse du bassin.  2, record 19, French, - v%C3%AAleuse

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Number of days from calving date to dry date.  1, record 20, English, - days%20in%20milk

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dry date: [The] first whole day [that] a cow is not milked.  1, record 20, English, - days%20in%20milk

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

lactation : Production et excrétion du lait; période comprise entre la fin de la production du colostrum et le tarissement.  2, record 20, French, - jours%20de%20lactation

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process by which pieces of ice break away from the terminus of a glacier that ends in a body of water or from the edge of a floating ice shelf that ends in the ocean.  2, record 21, English, - calving

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Once they enter the water, the pieces are called icebergs.  2, record 21, English, - calving

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fragmentation du front d'un glacier aboutissant dans la mer [...]  2, record 21, French, - v%C3%AAlage

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] cette fragmentation donne naissance aux icebergs.  2, record 21, French, - v%C3%AAlage

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fragmentación de parte de una masa de hielo de una pared de hielo, frente de un glaciar o iceberg.  1, record 21, Spanish, - fragmentaci%C3%B3n%20parcial

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A glacier lying above a cliff or steep mountainside ...  2, record 22, English, - hanging%20glacier

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... as the glacier advances, calving can cause ice avalanches.  2, record 22, English, - hanging%20glacier

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Glacier de vallée limité à son cirque, fréquemment suspendu au-dessus de la vallée principale.  2, record 22, French, - glacier%20suspendu

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

All processes by which snow or ice is lost from a glacier, floating ice, or snow cover.  3, record 23, English, - ablation

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

These processes include melting, evaporation(sublimation), wind erosion, and calving. Sometimes calving is excluded, or the term may be restricted to surface phenomena.  3, record 23, English, - ablation

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Wastage always includes calving.  2, record 23, English, - ablation

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 3 OBS

"ablation" the opposite of "accumulation."  4, record 23, English, - ablation

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Compare with the more specific terms "snowcover ablation" and "glacial ablation."  4, record 23, English, - ablation

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble de phénomènes (tels que sublimation, fonte, évaporation) qui enlèvent de la neige ou de la glace à la surface d'un glacier ou d'un champ de neige.  2, record 23, French, - ablation

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Comparer avec les termes plus spécifiques «ablation glaciaire» et «ablation nivale».  3, record 23, French, - ablation

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Conjunto de] procesos combinados (tales como fusión, sublimación, evaporación) que eliminan la nieve o el hielo de un glaciar o de un campo de nieve.  1, record 23, Spanish, - ablaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Se utiliza también para expresar la cantidad pérdida por estos procesos.  1, record 23, Spanish, - ablaci%C3%B3n

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

calving glacier :[A] glacier that loses material by calving, usually a glacier that terminates in sea, lake, or river water.  2, record 24, English, - productive%20calving%20glacier

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

productive calving glacier : term used at Natural Resources Canada-Earth Sciences Sector.  3, record 24, English, - productive%20calving%20glacier

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les glaciers vêlants. - On nomme ainsi les glaciers dont les dernières longueurs sont soulevées par la poussée d'Archimède. La langue terminale flotte et la pente de sa surface devient très faible. Le glacier («calving glacier») vêle, des icebergs s'en détachent. [...]  2, record 24, French, - glacier%20v%C3%AAlant%20prolifique

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

C'est le plus prolifique et le deuxième glacier de marée émissaire (glaciers qui vêlent dans la mer) du Groenland par sa vélocité. Il produit une procession constante d'icebergs et érode activement, aujourd'hui encore, le lit du fjord.  3, record 24, French, - glacier%20v%C3%AAlant%20prolifique

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The cow should be in good body condition(BCS 6. 0) at calving which will result in a thrifty calf, and will increase the level of colostrum produced. This will improve general thrift of the calf throughout its early life. The growing calf should receive adequate nutrition to maintain a body condition of 5. 0-6. 0, which will result in an adequate weaning weight, but which will not result in an overly-fat heifer. Fat heifers have reduced milk production later in life and this condition should be avoided. While creep feeding is rarely ever recommended due to high cost and minimal returns, it is still done in some situations. This practice may result in excessively fat heifers and should be discouraged. The heifer needs to weigh at leat 450 lbs at 8 months to continue through the cycle and meet the target weights without needing a high level of nutrition.  1, record 25, English, - growing%20calf

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] glacier that loses material by calving [and that] usually... terminates in sea, lake, or river water.  2, record 26, English, - calving%20glacier

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

calving glacier : term used at Natural Resources Canada-Earth Sciences Sector.  3, record 26, English, - calving%20glacier

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Productive calving glacier.  4, record 26, English, - calving%20glacier

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les glaciers vêlants. - On nomme ainsi les glaciers dont les dernières longueurs sont soulevées par la poussée d'Archimède. La langue terminale flotte et la pente de sa surface devient très faible. Le glacier («calving glacier») vêle, des icebergs s'en détachent. [...] Les glaciers vêlants ont un comportement atypique dans lequel leurs avancées et reculs sont sous la dépendance du vêlage terminal plutôt que des fluctuations climatiques. Alors que la plupart des glaciers sont actuellement en régression, c'est l'inverse dans le cas des glaciers vêlants. Le glacier Hubbard est un bon exemple de ce type de glaciers; s'il continue à avancer, il obturera l'entrée du fjord Russel et créera le plus grand lac de barrage par un glacier des temps historiques sur le continent nord-américain.  2, record 26, French, - glacier%20v%C3%AAlant

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Another reason for lost data due to single-sire or single-animal contemporary groups is using central bull tests. Often breeders will send only one sire group to central test, resulting in a single-sire contemporary group. These data are expensive to collect, but they are often of little use in calculating EPDs.  3, record 27, English, - sire%20group

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Somatic Cell Score appears to have an important impact on longevity in both bull groups as does milking speed. Calving Ease generally has no relationship with Herd Life proofs, except for a slight positive relationship in favour of bulls with daughters that give birth to their calves easily.  4, record 27, English, - sire%20group

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Ayrshire cattle is a breed of dairy cattle originated from Ayrshire in Scotland. The average mature Ayrshire cow weighs 1000-1300 pounds. Ayrshires have red markings. The red can be an orange to a dark brown, with or without colored legs. They are known for low somatic cell counts, ability to convert grass into milk efficiently, and hardiness. The breed's strongpoints are the now desired traits of easy calving and longevity.  1, record 28, English, - Ayrshire

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'Ayrshire est une race bovine britannique. [...] Elle porte une robe pie rouge. [...] C'est une race de taille moyenne à grande. La vache mesure 138 cm pour 550-600 kg et le taureau 145 cm pour 850-900 kg. Elle a des mamelles bien conformées et bien adaptées à la traite mécanique. [...] C'est une race classée laitière. Sa production est intéressante, avec des lactations de 7000 litres, mais surtout des taux butyrique et protéique élevés et optimums pour la production beurrière et fromagère.  1, record 28, French, - Ayrshire

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Esta raza es originaria de la región del condado de Ayr, en el suroeste de Escocia. Se caracteriza por ser de pelaje blanco y rojo de manchas moteadas y generalmente con bordes irregulares. Es reconocida por su rusticidad a condiciones de baja alimentación, con características lecheras de relevancia, en especial un sistema mamario de excelente conformación. La producción de leche, cuyo contenido de grasa es del orden del 3,9%, es destacada para una vaca de poco tamaño.  2, record 28, Spanish, - Ayrshire

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That portion of a glacier surface below the firn line where ablation exceeds accumulation.  3, record 29, English, - ablation%20area

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... accumulation and ablation doesn’t occur equally over the whole surface of the glacier. Ablation dominates the snout of the glacier, where the climate is warmer and iceberg calving can happen. Accumulation therefore dominates the upper part of the glacier, where temperature is low and precipitation is suitable for snowfall.... With increase of elevation the rate of ablation will decrease, and accumulation will tend to increase. So a glacier can be divided into two areas, an accumulation zone and an ablation zone.  2, record 29, English, - ablation%20area

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ablation area: ... the opposite of accumulation area.  3, record 29, English, - ablation%20area

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Partie d'un glacier située en bas de la ligne de névé où l'ablation excède l'accumulation.  3, record 29, French, - zone%20d%27ablation

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En aval de la zone d'accumulation se trouve une partie du glacier où l'ablation l'emporte sur les précipitations : c'est la «zone d'ablation». Le plus souvent c'est une langue glaciaire beaucoup plus longue qu'étroite. En général elle coule dans une vallée comme un véritable fleuve de glace.  4, record 29, French, - zone%20d%27ablation

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tuktut Nogait(near Paulatuk) includes part of the Bluenose caribou calving grounds.  1, record 30, English, - Bluenose%20caribou

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Au départ, lorsque la création du parc Tuktut Nogait a été proposée, il englobait une très vaste superficie, comportant une vaste zone englobée dans la région du Nunavut. C'est là que se trouve le lac Bluenose. Il y a à cet endroit un type de caribou qui s'appelle le caribou Bluenose.  2, record 30, French, - caribou%20Bluenose

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That portion of the glacier surface above the firn line where the accumulation exceeds ablation.  4, record 31, English, - accumulation%20area

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... accumulation and ablation doesn’t occur equally over the whole surface of the glacier. Ablation dominates the snout of the glacier, where the climate is warmer and iceberg calving can happen. Accumulation therefore dominates the upper part of the glacier, where temperature is low and precipitation is suitable for snowfall.... With increase of elevation the rate of ablation will decrease, and accumulation will tend to increase. So a glacier can be divided into two areas, an accumulation zone and an ablation zone.  5, record 31, English, - accumulation%20area

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

accumulation area: ... the opposite of ablation area.  4, record 31, English, - accumulation%20area

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Partie d'un glacier située en haut de la ligne de névé où l'accumulation excède l'ablation.  2, record 31, French, - zone%20d%27accumulation

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A cow nursing her own calf  1, record 32, English, - nursing%20cow

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Calving can be timed with the season that is most advantageous in terms of having adequate feed for the nursing cow, so that milk flow from the cow can be maintained at an optimum level. The resultant growth potential for a calf having an optimum supply of milk from its mother can be fully realized.  3, record 32, English, - nursing%20cow

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Un animal de race à viande dont le lait est utilisé pour l'alimentation de veaux destinés à la production de viande.  2, record 32, French, - vache%20allaitante

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Se dit d'une vache qui est sur le point de mettre bas.  2, record 33, French, - amouillante

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Vache ou génisse.  2, record 33, French, - amouillante

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Texas Longhorn has been in the USA for over 500 years with less assistance from man than any other breed. For instance, calving ease. Every Longhorn that could not give birth unassisted died. With unassisted calving for hundreds of years Longhorn sired calves are born 99. 7% without help.  2, record 35, English, - unassisted%20calving

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Objectifs de production des troupeaux de vaches produisant régulièrement, et sans assistance au vêlage, un veau sevré par an et fournissant à la réforme des carcasses de haut de gamme : 380 kg, conformation supérieure (E), sans excès de gras.  3, record 35, French, - v%C3%AAlage%20sans%20aide

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Qualités maternelles de certaines races bovines.  4, record 35, French, - v%C3%AAlage%20sans%20aide

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The correlation between direct calving ease and direct stillbirth was high, but the genetic correlation between maternal calving ease and direct stillbirth were positive but very low  2, record 36, English, - direct%20calving%20ease

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The genetic correlations between direct calving ease and maternal stillbirth and between maternal calving ease and direct stillbirth were positive but very low  2, record 37, English, - maternal%20calving%20ease

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The number of calves born alive in any year expressed as a percentage of the number of females let to the bull in the previous year.  1, record 38, English, - calving%20rate

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the hydroelectric project lies directly on an historical caribou migration path between winter and summer ranges with important calving and post-calving areas in the immediate vicinity.  1, record 40, English, - calving%20area

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Term used by Parks Canada.  2, record 40, English, - calving%20area

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Aire de mise bas : terme en usage à Parcs Canada.  3, record 40, French, - aire%20de%20mise%20bas

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the hydroelectric project lies directly on an historical caribou migration path between winter and summer ranges with important calving and post-calving areas in the immediate vicinity. The concern arose about whether the project might interfere with annual migration to the extent that the status of the herds may be jeopardized.  1, record 42, English, - annual%20migration

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il semble bien qu'il faille distinguer deux types de migration (...) le premier type consiste en une migration annuelle qui est en harmonie avec la pulsation du milieu (par exemple les variations saisonnières d'humidité, et de température, qui conditionnent la croissance des plantes et de l'herbe) (...)  1, record 42, French, - migration%20annuelle

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... workshop participants stressed the advantages of counting seabirds in their colonies instead of measuring abundance based on distributional patterns. Other examples would include the aggregation of ungulates on calving or overwintering habitat and the return of anadromous fish species to pre-determined spawning areas.  1, record 43, English, - calving%20habitat

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les caribous des toundras ont un sens de l'orientation très développé qui leur permet de parcourir, au printemps, des centaines de kilomètres pour arriver infailliblement à leurs terrains de mise bas et les quartiers d'été.  2, record 43, French, - terrain%20de%20mise%20bas

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme "parturition" peut être utilisé à la place de "mise bas".  3, record 43, French, - terrain%20de%20mise%20bas

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The breaking away of a mass of ice from a glacier on dry land.  2, record 44, English, - dry%20calving

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Source: Green Europe’s Newsletter, April/81; p. 25.  2, record 46, English, - calving%20premium

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The heritabilities of calving interval, days open, dystocia, and other commonly recorded reproduction traits are less than 1.  1, record 47, English, - days%20open

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Jours où la vache n'est pas en gestation.  1, record 47, French, - intervalle%20v%C3%AAlage%20conception

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A stochastic computer simulation model was used to predict heritability and repeatability of derived reproductive traits in beef cattle as a function of underlying, normally-distributed genetic variation in single-service conception rate. Traits simulated were mating rate, first-service conception rate, overall conception rate, date of first service, number of services during a 63-day breeding season, calving date and postpartum interval.(Medline data base).  1, record 48, English, - first%2Dservice%20conception%20rate

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the hydroelectric project lies directly on an historical caribou migration path between winter and summer ranges with important calving and post-calving areas in the immediate vicinity. The concern arose about whether the project might interfere with annual migration to the extent that the status of the herds may be jeopardized.  1, record 49, English, - post%2Dcalving%20area

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... workshop participants stressed the advantages of counting seabirds in their colonies instead of measuring abundance based on distributional patterns. Other examples would include the aggregation of ungulates on calving or overwintering habitat and the return of anadromous fish species to pre-determined spawning areas.  1, record 50, English, - overwintering%20habitat

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... workshop participants stressed the advantages of counting seabirds in their colonies instead of measuring abundance based on distributional patterns. Other examples would include the aggregation of ungulates on calving or overwintering habitat and the return of anadromous fish species to pre-determined spawning areas.  1, record 51, English, - pre%2Ddetermined%20spawning%20area

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... workshop participants stressed the advantages of counting seabirds in their colonies instead of measuring abundance based on distributional patterns. Other examples would include the aggregation of ungulates on calving or overwintering habitat and the return of anadromous fish species to pre-determined spawning areas.  1, record 52, English, - distributional%20pattern

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Barn where calves are born.  1, record 53, English, - calving%20barn

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Étable où naissent les veaux.  1, record 53, French, - %C3%A9table%20de%20v%C3%AAlage

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  French

Record 54,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 55,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Spring calving beef cows in good condition in the fall can lose weight during the winter without adverse effects, provided pasture or range grass is plentiful the following summer for them to recover.  1, record 55, English, - spring%20calving%20beef%20cow

Record 55,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les vaches de boucherie vêlant au printemps et qui sont en bon état à l'automne peuvent perdre du poids durant l'hiver sans effets nuisibles, pourvu que les pâturages ou les herbages soient suffisants l'été suivant pour qu'elles puissent récupérer.  1, record 55, French, - vache%20de%20boucherie%20v%C3%AAlant%20au%20printemps

Record 55,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 56,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 OBS

see "calving"  1, record 56, English, - calved%20ice

Record 56,  Textual support,  French

Record 56,  Textual support,  Spanish