TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An example of a rebound effect would be [a] driver who replaces a car with a fuel-efficient model, only to take advantage of its cheaper running costs to drive further and more often. Or a family that insulates their loft and puts the money saved on their heating bill towards an overseas holiday.  2, record 1, English, - rebound%20effect

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fait que certains gains environnementaux dus à une gestion des ressources plus efficace ou à des évolutions techniques sont sensiblement diminués ou annulés par une augmentation de la consommation ou une modification des usages.  1, record 1, French, - effet%20de%20rebond

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

effet de rebond; effet rebond : désignations et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 28 mai 2023.  2, record 1, French, - effet%20de%20rebond

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Passive space debris removal includes using a deorbiting drag device such as a sail, a chute, a balloon, an electrodynamic tether, an electrospray device, turkey feathers, cross-curve booms, retroreflectors, or the like to increase the atmospheric drag of [of a small satellite] in order to decrease the orbit lifespan.  1, record 2, English, - passive%20space%20debris%20removal

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Active debris removal entails designing special missions to actively capture large debris and deorbit them from densely populated regions, thus lowering the risk factor for the active satellites. … On the other hand, passive debris removal is a much cheaper way to eliminate debris. Passive debris removal techniques... can involve techniques such as slowing down debris as they pass through some resisting materials, but it is more time-consuming and mostly fit for smaller debris.  4, record 2, English, - passive%20space%20debris%20removal

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les principaux objectifs du projet […] sont [de] mettre au point un nouveau concept résolument novateur d'enlèvement semi-contrôlé, basé sur un principe de retrait passif permettant d'assurer la désorbitation d'un engin spatial de grande envergure (>1 t) en le dirigeant vers l'océan Pacifique sans système de propulsion, mais avec une précision d'une fraction d'orbite […]  1, record 2, French, - retrait%20passif

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

desorbitado pasivo de basura espacial: designación validada por un experto de la Comisión de Terminología, Sociedad Española de Astronomía, España.  2, record 2, Spanish, - desorbitado%20pasivo%20de%20basura%20espacial

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Robotic grasping and manipulation in unknown environments is made difficult by several factors.... To make robots cheaper, lighter, and safer, precision in the accuracy of end-effector position is often sacrificed. This introduces uncertainty in the position of the gripper relative to the object. Robotic grasping theory must account for such uncertainty in order to provide robust and reliable grasping in unstructured environments. One method for dealing with such uncertainty is robotic caging. Unlike an immobilizing grasp, in which the robotic hand grasps an object so as to prevent all motion of the object relative to the hand, a caging grasp only prevents the object from escaping through the fingers, while allowing some motion of the object relative to the hand.  1, record 3, English, - robotic%20caging

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In French, "prise englobante" can designate a grasp that immobilizes the object or a grasp that allows some movement of the object within the robot’s hand.  3, record 3, English, - robotic%20caging

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

robotic caging; caging: designations validated by a Canadian subject-matter expert from Université Laval.  4, record 3, English, - robotic%20caging

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour réaliser une prise englobante, les forces de préhension sont typiquement grandes et les points de contact avec l'objet sont situés tout le long des phalanges des doigts et de la paume. Dans cette prise, les doigts s'enveloppent autour de l'objet.  1, record 3, French, - prise%20englobante

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En anglais, les désignations «robotic caging» et «caging» désignent uniquement une prise permettant un certain mouvement de l'objet à l'intérieur de la main du robot.  2, record 3, French, - prise%20englobante

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

prise englobante : désignation validée par un spécialiste canadien de l'Université Laval.  3, record 3, French, - prise%20englobante

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La pinza seleccionada para este proyecto […] posee dos dedos articulados, cada uno de ellos con dos falanges. La pinza de agarre puede enganchar hasta cinco puntos de contacto con un objeto, dos en cada una de las falanges más la palma […] Este tipo de pinza solo posee un actuador para abrir y cerrar los dedos, por lo que estos se adaptan automáticamente a la forma del objeto manipulado [para efectuar ya] sea un agarre paralelo o un agarre envolvente […]  1, record 3, Spanish, - agarre%20envolvente

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For decades, Bollywood film releases were accompanied by beautiful painted posters that decorated city streets all over India.... a poster painter for 54 years... has witnessed his trade dying out thanks to cheaper and quicker digital production.  1, record 4, English, - poster%20painter

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Farm-saved seed is the producer's own seed which they clean and use as a seed source for their own farm, because it is cheaper than buying certified seed.  2, record 5, English, - farm%2Dsaved%20seed

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les semences conservées à la ferme pour usage personnel ne sont pas assujetties au Règlement sur les semences.  2, record 5, French, - semences%20conserv%C3%A9es%20par%20l%27agriculteur

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[A traveller] was trying to save a bit of money when [they] tried out a travel hack known as skiplagging. Instead of booking a direct flight to their destination, skiplagging travellers book cheaper flights on longer routes that include a layover at their desired airport. They then deplane during the connection without completing the full journey.  3, record 6, English, - skiplagging

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

escalotage : désignation proposée par l'Office québécois de la langue française (OQLF) en 2023.  2, record 6, French, - escalotage

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The plenum chamber air cushion is preferred, of necessity the Powell weight ratio is of a lower order than that of over-water ACVs [air cushion vehicles] and the construction is [simpler and cheaper].  2, record 7, English, - plenum%20chamber%20air%20cushion

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Many [Internet service providers] run [internal border gateway protocols] either [in] partial routing(more common) or full routing(less common)... Partial routing is cheaper [and] easier,... usually consists of internal prefixes and, optionally, external prefixes to aid external load balancing.  2, record 8, English, - partial%20routing

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces algorithmes peuvent être librement composés par l'utilisateur : il peut par exemple réaliser un routage, puis un groupage et même un routage partiel suivi du groupage de ces routes et réitérer cette séquence jusqu'au traitement de toutes les requêtes.  1, record 8, French, - routage%20partiel

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fat-filled milk powder(FFMP) is milk powder that has a fat content similar to whole milk powder, but instead of butterfat contains vegetable fats, for example palm oil. The fat is added to skim milk and then the product is dried to create a cheaper alternative to whole milk powder.  1, record 9, English, - fat%20filled%20milk%20powder

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les échanges de lait en poudre réengraissé (lait écrémé en poudre avec adjonction d'huile végétale) ne sont pas pris en compte, mais augmentent notamment entre l'Union européenne et l'Afrique.  2, record 9, French, - poudre%20de%20lait%20r%C3%A9engraiss%C3%A9

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Removing the lock cylinder. If the door lock cylinder is damaged, it is easier and cheaper to replace it than to try to repair it.  4, record 10, English, - key%20cylinder

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

key cylinder; lock cylinder: terms officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick).  5, record 10, English, - key%20cylinder

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

barillet de serrure : terme uniformisé par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick).  2, record 10, French, - barillet%20de%20serrure

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] form of outsourcing in which business processes are relocated to locations which are cheaper and yet geographically nearer.  2, record 11, English, - nearshore%20outsourcing

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Externalisation proche : les services ou les travaux sont exécutés dans des pays voisins.  2, record 11, French, - externalisation%20proche

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La proximité géographique et les coûts de main-d'œuvre plus faibles ou les services spécifiques peuvent faire de l'externalisation proche une alternative très intéressante pour les entreprises.  2, record 11, French, - externalisation%20proche

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It was the French Emperor, Napoleon III, who first seemed to appreciate the disastrous position that would be the result of a fat shortage and so, in 1867, he commissioned Mége-Mouriés, a French chemist, to "investigate how far it was possible to produce a cheap butter for the Army, Navy and needy classes of the population which would be cheaper and of better keeping quality than the usual butter"... Mége-Mouriés began to experiment... and in 1869 he commenced making his new product in a small factory near Paris. He had noticed that his "near-butter" had a pearly appearance and so he called it margarine from the Greek word "margaron" which means a pearl.  2, record 12, English, - near%20butter

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

near butter: term extracted from the “Glossaire de l’agriculture” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  3, record 12, English, - near%20butter

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

succédané de beurre : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’agriculture» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 12, French, - succ%C3%A9dan%C3%A9%20de%20beurre

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Margarina [...] su descubrimiento fue el resultado de un concurso organizado por Napoleón III en 1869 con el fin de obtener un sucedáneo para la mantequilla.  1, record 12, Spanish, - suced%C3%A1neo%20de%20mantequilla

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Programs downloaded onto a computer via a suitable adapter from videotex, teletext, and similar services.  2, record 13, English, - telesoftware

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 DEF

the transmission of software by viewdata systems.  3, record 13, English, - telesoftware

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Educational software is one kind of information which may well be transmitted via viewdata or teletext("telesoftware"). Telesoftware is already cheaper, quicker and more reliable than the most common method at present, floppy discs through the post.  3, record 13, English, - telesoftware

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Some textbook publishers now market computer-assisted learning material, or are considering doing so, using floppy discs, videodiscs or perhaps eventually telesoftware....  3, record 13, English, - telesoftware

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

logiciel téléchargé dans un terminal vidéotex par le centre serveur.  2, record 13, French, - t%C3%A9l%C3%A9logiciel

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Téléchargement : Transfert d'information du système central au décodeur. Autrement dit, le macro-IDI, les JCDR et le télélogiciel sont chargés à distance dans le décodeur, qui les utilise plus tard en mode local.  1, record 13, French, - t%C3%A9l%C3%A9logiciel

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In the foreign exchange market, it is the margin between two currencies and applicable when the forward rate of one currency is cheaper and the discount is added to the spot rate. [Klein, Gerald. Dictionary of Banking. Pitman Publishing, 1995]  3, record 14, English, - discount

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Différence entre le cours d'une devise sur le marché des changes et le prix de cette devise à terme, quand cette différence est négative. [...] «Il y a déport quand le prix du terme est inférieur au cours du comptant».  4, record 14, French, - d%C3%A9port

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

déport : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR.  5, record 14, French, - d%C3%A9port

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pop-up stores started getting very popular a few years ago. They’re cheaper solutions than year-round rentals, and they can generate a lot of buzz for companies during essential months. They’re often strategically placed during the holiday season for shoppers, or put up just in time for the launch of a major motion picture.  2, record 15, English, - pop%2Dup%20store

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term "pop-up store" is often used interchangeably with "pop-up shop" although by definition a store and a shop are not equivalent.  3, record 15, English, - pop%2Dup%20store

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Commerce de vente au détail qui ouvre ses portes pour une période prédéterminée, généralement assez brève.  2, record 15, French, - magasin%20%C3%A9ph%C3%A9m%C3%A8re

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

magasin éphémère : terme et définition entérinés par le Comité de terminologie de Radio-Canada.  3, record 15, French, - magasin%20%C3%A9ph%C3%A9m%C3%A8re

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tienda que dura poco tiempo abierta en una localización concreta.  1, record 15, Spanish, - tienda%20pasajera

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

tienda pasajera; tienda temporal; tienda efímera: La Fundación del Español Urgente (Fundéu BBVA), con el asesoramiento de la Real Academia Española, recomienda las expresiones "tienda pasajera", "tienda temporal" y "tienda efímera" como alternativas en castellano para referirse a lo que en los medios se está denominando "pop-up store".  1, record 15, Spanish, - tienda%20pasajera

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

One of a large number of substances having metallic properties and consisting of two or more elements.  3, record 16, English, - alloy

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

With few exceptions all of the components in an alloy are metallic elements.  3, record 16, English, - alloy

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Alloys are used to produce a coin of more durable and cheaper composition. For example, gold is used in combination with other metals, often copper, nickel, silver, or zinc to change its color or reduce malleability.  4, record 16, English, - alloy

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 3 OBS

alloy: term standardized by ISO.  5, record 16, English, - alloy

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substance métallique résultant du mélange d'un élément métallique de base (élément prédominant en masse) et d'autres éléments [...]  3, record 16, French, - alliage

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Les alliages sont utilisés] dans la fabrication d'une pièce de monnaie pour la rendre plus durable ou moins chère.  4, record 16, French, - alliage

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

alliage : terme normalisé par l'ISO et uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) - Maintenance.  5, record 16, French, - alliage

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Substancia que consiste en dos o más elementos metálicos o la combinación de elementos metálicos y no metálicos que se disuelven entre sí cuando se les funde o derrite.  3, record 16, Spanish, - aleaci%C3%B3n

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The devaluation of a currency to make a country’s goods more competitive on the international markets.  2, record 17, English, - competitive%20devaluation

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Finance ministers and central bankers ended talks in South Korea... foreswearing "competitive devaluation" to calm fears of a trade war stemming from using cheaper currencies to spur growth.  3, record 17, English, - competitive%20devaluation

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La guerre des monnaies renvoie à ce que les économistes connaissent mieux sous le terme de «dévaluation compétitive».  4, record 17, French, - d%C3%A9valuation%20comp%C3%A9titive

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les pays du G8 et du G5 (les cinq grands «émergents», Chine, Brésil, Mexique, Afrique du Sud et Inde) ont affirmé [...] leur volonté de conclure en 2010 le processus de Doha sur la libéralisation du commerce et s'engagent à refuser tout recours à l'arme de la dévaluation compétitive. [...] Ils affirment [...] renoncer à «toute dévaluation concurrentielle» de leur monnaie et jurent travailler à l'émergence d'un «système monétaire international stable et qui fonctionne bien».  2, record 17, French, - d%C3%A9valuation%20comp%C3%A9titive

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Una guerra de divisas ocurre cuando varios estados compiten entre sí para mantener su divisa artificialmente baja. El objetivo de esta lucha tiene su fundamento en que una divisa barata favorece las exportaciones, lo que tiene efectos positivos sobre la industria y el empleo. Por este motivo, la devaluación competitiva es una herramienta habitual de los bancos centrales cuando combaten una recesión.  1, record 17, Spanish, - devaluaci%C3%B3n%20competitiva

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sending of the components of a product to another country ready to be assembled thereby taking advantage of savings in transport costs(if the product takes up a lot of space), cheaper labour, or lower import duties if value is to be added in that other country. It can also be part of a strategy of specialising in the manufacture of components in order to obtain economies of scale by producing for the whole world, whilst maintaining an industrial presence in various countries to disperse risks and to help the overall political and social acceptance of the company.  1, record 18, English, - completely%20knocked%20down

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

completely knocked down; CKD: terms and definition reproduced from the CAPITAL Business Dictionary with the permission of LID Editorial Empresarial.  2, record 18, English, - completely%20knocked%20down

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Envoi des composantes d'un produit, pour qu'elles soient assemblées dans un autre pays, afin d'économiser en transport, en main d'œuvre, ou en droits de douanes. Utilisé aussi comme stratégie de spécialisation dans la fabrication des composantes pour obtenir des économies d'échelle, et maintenir en même temps des filiales dans plusieurs nations pour diversifier les risques et faciliter l'acceptation politique et sociale de l'entreprise globale.  1, record 18, French, - en%20pi%C3%A8ces%20d%C3%A9tach%C3%A9es

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

en pièces détachées : terme et définition extraits du CAPITAL Business Dictionary et reproduits avec l'autorisation de LID Editorial Empresarial.  2, record 18, French, - en%20pi%C3%A8ces%20d%C3%A9tach%C3%A9es

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Envío de los componentes de un producto preparados para ser montados en el país de destino y aprovechar así economías de transporte (si el producto ocupa mucho), de mano de obra más barata, o de tarifas de importación más bajas si se añade valor en destino. También puede deberse a una estrategia de especialización en la fabricación de componentes para obtener economías de escala con producción para todo el mundo, a la vez que se mantiene presencia industrial en varias naciones para diversificar riesgos y facilitar la aceptación política y social de la empresa global.  1, record 18, Spanish, - totalmente%20desmontado

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

totalmente desmontado: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  2, record 18, Spanish, - totalmente%20desmontado

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A practice by people who travel to neighbouring countries, especially during weekends, to buy cheaper goods.  4, record 19, English, - transborder%20shopping

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... crossborder shopping from Mexico into the United States, and the popularity of some U.S. goods in Mexico suggest U.S. retailers are already welcomed by the Mexican shopper.  5, record 19, English, - transborder%20shopping

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pratique des personnes qui se rendent dans un pays limitrophe, surtout les fins de semaine, pour faire l'achat de produits moins chers.  3, record 19, French, - magasinage%20transfrontalier

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En 1991, le nombre de voyages aller-retour la même journée au sud de la frontière, une mesure du magasinage transfrontalier couramment utilisée, atteignait 59,1 millions.  1, record 19, French, - magasinage%20transfrontalier

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sensors and the artificial intelligence to use and interpret the information gathered by them will become cheaper, better and faster over the next 15 years. Advances in location sensing gives an indication of the trend.  1, record 20, English, - location%20sensing

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les systèmes de collecte, d’utilisation et d’interprétation de données deviendront plus abordables, plus perfectionnés et plus rapides au cours des 15 prochaines années. Les progrès dans la localisation par détection donnent une idée de cette tendance.  1, record 20, French, - localisation%20par%20d%C3%A9tection

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

FAST(Free and Secure Trade) will make many cross-border commercial shipments simpler, cheaper, and subject to fewer delays-all the while enhancing security.  3, record 21, English, - crossborder%20commercial%20shipment

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le programme EXPRES (Expéditions rapides et sécuritaires) facilitera le passage de nombreuses expéditions commerciales transfrontalières en diminuant le coût et les délais tout en améliorant la sécurité.  3, record 21, French, - exp%C3%A9dition%20commerciale%20transfrontali%C3%A8re

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'adjectif «transfrontalier» est à privilégier. Le mot «transfrontière» ne figure pas dans les dictionnaires, sauf rare exception, mais il est attesté dans les documents de l'Organisation mondiale du commerce et les accords de libre-échange du Canada.  4, record 21, French, - exp%C3%A9dition%20commerciale%20transfrontali%C3%A8re

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

So-called "smart charging" technology essentially would allow EVs [electric vehicles] to "communicate" with local utilities to ensure they’re charging when electricity is cheapest and the impact on the grid is smallest. The increased efficiency would lead to cheaper energy for the EV owner and a more stable grid for the rest of us.  2, record 22, English, - smart%20charging

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Smart charging should ensure fair and non-discriminatory prices for users, revenue for future infrastructure investment, ways to fight congestion, discounts to reward environmentally more efficient vehicles and driving.  3, record 22, English, - smart%20charging

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le système de chargement intelligent d’IBM sera capable de contrôler l’état de charge de la batterie d’une voiture, ainsi que la disponibilité du réseau électrique, et d’optimiser le taux de charge de la voiture. Si le réseau est surchargé par une chaude journée d’été, par exemple, le système pourrait modifier le calendrier de chargement. Les consommateurs pourraient indiquer qu’ils veulent que leur voiture soit entièrement chargée pour 6 h du matin, par exemple, et bénéficier ainsi des tarifs d’heures creuses.  1, record 22, French, - chargement%20intelligent

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A fashion product that is a copy of, or a substitute for, an original product, and that is usually inferior to the original item and sold for a cheaper price.  2, record 23, English, - imitation

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Produit de la mode qui constitue une copie de l'original ou un substitut et qui, étant habituellement inférieur au produit original, est vendu à faible coût.  2, record 23, French, - imitation

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Warfare carried out using drones or other unmanned vehicles.  3, record 24, English, - remote%2Dcontrol%20warfare

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Remote-control warfare is set to enter a new phase with the arrival of miniaturised bombs carried by smaller, cheaper drones.  2, record 24, English, - remote%2Dcontrol%20warfare

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Drones, in particular, seem the epitome of risk-free warfare for the nation using them - there are, after all, no pilots to shoot down. Moreover, the people who run them are often nowhere near the field of battle. Some 90 percent of the UAV [unmanned aerial vehicle] operations over Afghanistan are flown by people in trailers in the deserts of Nevada. In Kandahar, soldiers help the planes take off and land and then hand over controls to the airmen in the [United States].  4, record 24, English, - remote%2Dcontrol%20warfare

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Guerre menée en ayant recours à des drones ou autres véhicules sans pilote.  2, record 24, French, - guerre%20t%C3%A9l%C3%A9command%C3%A9e

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quand l’armée américaine envahit l’Irak en 2003, elle ne dispose que d’une poignée de drones. Elle en possède aujourd’hui plus de 7 000. Une nouvelle technologie de guerre vouée à transformer le champ de bataille. Tuer plus vite, plus loin … et moins cher. L’arme idéale. Après la guerre dite «chirurgicale», voici la guerre télécommandée.  3, record 24, French, - guerre%20t%C3%A9l%C3%A9command%C3%A9e

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grow your own edible vaccine. Developing countries need inexpensive and easy-to-handle vaccines if they are to combat disease. US researchers have moved further towards this goal with what also promises to be good news for those who quake at the thought of an injection. One day, they say, the world could grow and eat its own vaccines contained in genetically engineered plants.  1, record 25, English, - edible%20vaccine

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The World Health Organization's Children's Vaccine Initiative wants vaccines that are orally administered, cheaper and easier to distribute in countries lacking refrigeration and healthcare infrastructure.  1, record 25, English, - edible%20vaccine

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Vaccin obtenu dans des plantes transgéniques qui produisent des antigènes du virus de l'hépatite B.  2, record 25, French, - vaccin%20comestible

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] Charles Arntzen, de l'Institut Boyce, Thomson (États-Unis), a développé des plantes transgéniques pour la production de vaccins «comestibles» en médecine humaine et vétérinaire. Avec son équipe, il a montré que des sous-unités d'antigènes dirigés contre le virus de l'hépatite B, du virus Norwalk, ou de l'entérotoxine thermolabile d'E. coli, produits dans des plants transgéniques de tabac ou de pommes de terre et administrés à des souris par voie orale ou par injection (ip), induisaient des réponses immunitaires spécifiques.  3, record 25, French, - vaccin%20comestible

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Material comestible que contiene antígenos capaces de activar el sistema inmunitario a través de los tejidos linfáticos asociados al intestino.  1, record 25, Spanish, - vacuna%20comestible

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La vacuna es sintetizada in vivo en las partes comestibles de plantas transgénicas (por ejemplo, cereales, tubérculos, frutas, etcétera) o animales (por ejemplo, huevos).  1, record 25, Spanish, - vacuna%20comestible

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Superiority achieved through factors such as access to cheaper inputs, efficient processes, favorable location, skilled workforce, superior technology, and/or waste reduction or elimination.  1, record 26, English, - cost%20advantage

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

avantage en termes de coûts : L'expression «en termes de» employée dans le sens de «en ce qui concerne» est critiquée par certains auteurs et considérée comme un emploi correct par d'autres.  7, record 26, French, - avantage%20sur%20le%20plan%20des%20co%C3%BBts

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

CN [Canadian National] also uses a system which is referred to as "whitemanning" which allows it to send a surplus of employees at one terminal to an adjacent terminal. For example, in such a scenario employees in Kamloops, B. C., would be running trains that the Vancouver crews would normally take to Kamloops.... "whitemanning" is the first thing CN turns to in case of a shortage, because it is a lot "cheaper" financially than forcing employees to cover a shortage.  1, record 27, English, - whitemanning

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Term used at the Canadian National Railway Company.  2, record 27, English, - whitemanning

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The addition of inferior and usually cheaper substitutes to a product.  1, record 28, English, - adulteration

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In pharmacology, "tampering" is stronger in meaning than "adulteration" in that it usually signifies the addition of a poisonous substance to a drug as in the case of Tylenol capsules.  3, record 28, English, - adulteration

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Altération d'un produit par addition de substances de qualité inférieure.  1, record 28, French, - adult%C3%A9ration

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For the government, the renovation of the Ministry of Finance building was a pilot project for a new form of tendering in which design, building, financing, maintenance and operation remain in the hands of a single party. The DBFMO contract, whereby a consortium took responsibility for all five aspects, turned out to be fifteen per cent cheaper than a traditional tender.  4, record 29, English, - DBFMO%20contract

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An extremely fine investment coating applied as a thin slurry directly to the surface of the pattern to reproduce maximum surface smoothness. The coating is surrounded by a coarser, cheaper, and more permeable investment to form the mold.  1, record 30, English, - investment%20precoat

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Premier coulis très fin en contact direct avec le modèle.  2, record 30, French, - rev%C3%AAtement%20de%20contact

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tuk-tuks(also called "samlor", meaning "Three Wheels" in English) are common in Bangkok and larger provincial towns where they operate much in the same manner as taxis. Fares are about one third cheaper than for taxis but Tuk-tuks are open and leave the passenger exposed to the street pollution...  2, record 31, English, - tuk%2Dtuk

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] Bangkok est [...] une sorte de cocktail du monde, dans lequel se retrouvent [...] taxi-pétrolettes (les tuk-tuks) noyés dans un nuage bleu et jardins de divine lumière.  1, record 31, French, - tuk%2Dtuk

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Moderno mini-transporte. Esta es una de las nuevas unidades Tuk-Tuks destinadas al servicio público, bajo la responsabilidad de la empresa Servicios de Transportes Cooperativos S.A. Cada vehículo tiene capacidad para tres personas y está provisto de un taxímetro, a un costo de Q.2.25 por kilómetro.  2, record 31, Spanish, - tuk%2Dtuk

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Modern technology makes of practical astronomical use an old theoretical curiosity : that a spinning liquid surface can, in principle, be used as the primary mirror of a telescope. Liquid mirrors have two main advantages over conventional glass mirrors : they are considerably cheaper, and it should be possible to build them to much larger diameters.  1, record 32, English, - liquid%20mirror

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour fabriquer un miroir liquide, le chercheur place un liquide réfléchissant dans une cuvette à laquelle un moteur imprime un mouvement circulaire constant. Le liquide s'étale en une mince pellicule parfaitement lisse qui épouse la forme d'une parabole et qui peut ainsi faire office de miroir de télescope. Pour obtenir des images de qualité optique, il faut que les imperfections à la surface du liquide soient inférieures au millième de l'épaisseur d'un cheveu.  2, record 32, French, - miroir%20liquide

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We are deeply involved in cogeneration plants including biomass and gas turbines. ... Co-Generation Power Island. .... "Power Islands," "Merchant Plants," "Across the Fence Cogeneration," "Third Party Steam Plants," and "Client CHP" are some of the names used to refer to unconventional commercial arrangements for the production and procurement of steam and electrical power to pulp and paper mills. Although the term "Power Island" is often used to describe third party cogeneration facilities, the concept is completely different from an island. The power house that provides the steam and power to the mill has a direct and immediate effect on the pulp mill’s operational stability and uptime as well as the operating costs.  2, record 33, English, - power%20island

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The IGCC [Integrated Gasification with Combined Cycle] demonstration plant in Puertollano features many advantages compared to conventional coal fired power stations with flue gas desulphurization (FGD) and DeNOx systems: ... The plant consists of the following three main units: Power island, gasification island, and oxygen production plant (Air Separation). ... The power island. The combined cycle in the Puertollano plant ... can be operated both with natural gas and synthesis gas. The main features are: A 200 MWe (ISO) Siemens model V94.3 gas turbine. A three-pressure level and IP steam reheating heat recovery steam generator designed by Babcock able to additionally superheat the steam generated through raw gas cooling in the gasification. A two casing reheat steam turbine designed by Siemens that delivers roughly 135 MWe. The clean coal gas is burned by the coal gas burners in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine. The sensible heat of extracted air is used for clean gas saturation, low pressure steam production and preheating of impure nitrogen. [Text accompanied by a schematic diagram.]  3, record 33, English, - power%20island

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The liberalization of the energy market is demanding more-efficient power plants using cheaper fuels.... The first option... is to convert old oil-or existing gas-fired power plants to new combined-cycle power plants. The second option is to convert old oil-or existing gas-fired units to efficient and environmentally friendly power plants that burn cheaper fuels, using the best available technology for the power island and the flue gas treatment equipment.  4, record 33, English, - power%20island

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Power island turbine generator.  5, record 33, English, - power%20island

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les ingénieurs français de la firme qui réalisait l'étude d'avant-projet de la centrale du Suroît avaient pour habitude d'utiliser l'expression «îlot puissance». On trouve aussi «îlot de puissance» dans un schéma publié par la compagnie Alstom et «îlot gazéification» [équivalent du terme anglais voisin «gasification island», voir aussi cette fiche] dans un article des Techniques de l'ingénieur portant sur la technologie de gazéification intégrée à un cycle combiné (vol. BE 3, article B8920, avril 1997, paragraphe 4.2.1). [Renseignements obtenus du service linguistique d'Hydro-Québec.]  1, record 33, French, - %C3%AElot%20puissance

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[He] upheld [that] the environmental benefits are questionable. He maintained that direct storage of spent fuel after irradiation is cheaper, safer and more environmentally benign than reprocessing.  1, record 34, English, - direct%20storage

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le stockage direct, voie choisie notamment par la Suède, consiste à stocker en l'état le combustible usé, considéré alors comme un déchet sans valeur; le cycle est alors dit ouvert.  1, record 34, French, - stockage%20direct

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Air drilling is cheaper and quicker than mud drilling and avoids possible damage to the production zone from circulating mud which may enter the zone when drilling.  1, record 35, English, - mud%20drilling

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It is a rotary drilling in which the drilling fluid is mud.  2, record 35, English, - mud%20drilling

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le forage à l'air est meilleur marché et plus rapide que le forage à la boue et évite les dommages à la zone de production pouvant provenir de la circulation de boue qui peut pénétrer dans la zone en cours de forage.  1, record 35, French, - forage%20%C3%A0%20la%20boue

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il s'agit d'un forage rotary pour lequel le fluide de forage est de la boue.  3, record 35, French, - forage%20%C3%A0%20la%20boue

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Forage rotatif à boue.  2, record 35, French, - forage%20%C3%A0%20la%20boue

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Uno Vilho Helava, [Finnish] inventor(born [in] 1923)... invented the analytical plotter for automatically drawing maps from photographs. Helava trained as a surveying engineer and came to Canada in 1953 as a research fellow in photogrammetry at the National Research Council. By 1957 he had patented a method of using computers to produce maps from aerial photographs automatically corrected for the curvature of the Earth and atmospheric distortion. The first prototype was built in 1963 using the analogue computer then available... In the late 1970s(digital) microcomputers made the Helava system much cheaper, and several hundred plotters have been built. Because of its affinity with other technologies..., the Helava system is expected to become the world's standard method of making maps by the end of the century.  2, record 36, English, - Helava%20system

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Stereo Photogrammetry. Aerial photography.- Precision DEMs [digital elevation models] are now being acquired by commercial groups using soft photogrammetric digital workstations, such as the Helava system.  3, record 36, English, - Helava%20system

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Uno Vilho Helava, inventeur [finlandais] [né en] 1923) [...] invente le restituteur analytique permettant de dessiner automatiquement des cartes géographiques à partir de photographies. Après avoir reçu une formation d'ingénieur-arpenteur, il vient au Canada en 1953 comme attaché de recherche en photogrammétrie au Conseil national de recherches du Canada. Dès 1957, il fait breveter une méthode pour produire, à l'aide d'ordinateurs et à partir de photos aériennes, des cartes géographiques automatiquement corrigées pour tenir compte de la rotondité de la Terre et de la distorsion atmosphérique. Le prototype est construit en 1963 à l'aide de l'ordinateur analogique alors disponible [...] À la fin des années 70, l'avènement du micro-ordinateur (numérique) réduit de beaucoup les coûts du système Helava et on fabrique des centaines d'appareils. En raison de sa compatibilité avec d'autres technologies [...], on prévoit que, d'ici à la fin du XXe siècle, le système Helava sera la norme dans le monde entier pour la conception de cartes géographiques.  2, record 36, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20Helava

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

système Helava : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  3, record 36, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20Helava

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Smart tickets are memory-only versions of smart cards with cheaper, more primitive outer protection. They are used for road tolling but the biggest use is in bus and train ticketing where the existing smart card readers at barriers read even the one-trip smart ticket thus eliminating queuing and providing much lower cost over life of the ticketing system(magnetic stripe readers are more expensive and less reliable).  1, record 37, English, - smart%20ticket

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Carte à micro-processeur servant de moyen de paiement dans les transports collectifs et les commerces.  1, record 37, French, - ticket%2Dpuce

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le bus, un lecteur vérifie si la carte est valable et inscrit les caractéristiques du voyage. Une fois le «ticket» périmé, l'utilisateur va jusqu'à une borne de paiement, tape son code confidentiel et autorise un prélèvement bancaire automatique.  1, record 37, French, - ticket%2Dpuce

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Another way of defining this category is sale price-i. e. the target whitefish species are those with bulk frozen fillet prices varying between $2/kg and $4. 5/kg-i. e. cod, haddock, pollack and the cheaper flatfish.  1, record 38, English, - bulk%20frozen%20fillet

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The bodyboard differs from a surfboard in that it is much shorter and made of foam. The board consists of a foam ’core’ encapsulated by a plastic bottom and a softer foam top known as the deck. The core is made up from dow/polyethylene, arcel or, more recently, polypropylene. Each type of foam gives the bodyboard a different amount of flex and control for the rider.  3, record 39, English, - bodyboard

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Bodyboards are much cheaper than surfboards, and with the convenience of ABC Stores and Wal-Mart, the decision to learn to bodyboard is an easy one.  4, record 39, English, - bodyboard

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le bodyboard est une planche courte d'environ un mètre de long et 60 centimètres de large, dont une partie du revêtement extérieur est souple (mousse polyéthylène)et la partie inférieur de la planche en contact avec l'eau est en plastique pour pouvoir réduire au maximum les frottements.  4, record 39, French, - planche%20de%20surf%20horizontal

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[Addison] a saisi sa planche de surf horizontal, s'est attaché une autre planche à la cheville et s'est mis à nager vers Alys. Lorsqu'il l'a rejoint, il lui a calmement indiqué de saisir sa planche, l'a rassuré que tout irait bien et l'a encouragé à pagayer jusqu'à la plage tout en demeurant à ses côtés.  5, record 39, French, - planche%20de%20surf%20horizontal

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Dans notre gamme Tribord, choisissez une planche de bodyboard 700. [...] Pour choisir votre bodyboard posez la planche debout face à vous : elle doit vous arriver au niveau du nombril.  2, record 39, French, - planche%20de%20surf%20horizontal

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If you use the ABM of another bank, it will charge you a fee. The fee is even larger when you use a private ABM. These machines are found in corner stores, restaurants and other places. They often charge you a lot of money just to take out money. It is cheaper to use only the machines owned by one of the banks or credit unions.  5, record 40, English, - private%20ATM

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... the number of private ATMs has mushroomed since they were approved by a competition tribunal in 1996.  6, record 40, English, - private%20ATM

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Au dépanneur du coin, le guichet automatique bancaire a récemment été remplacé par un guichet privé. Lorsqu'on utilise un guichet privé pour faire un retrait (la seule opération que l'on puisse d'ailleurs y faire), on doit payer ce qui est appelé des frais de commodité.  3, record 40, French, - guichet%20automatique%20priv%C3%A9

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Ils sont partout : dans les restaurants, les bars, les dépanneurs, les marchés, les cinémas [...] Il y a maintenant près de 20 000 guichets automatiques privés au Canada.  4, record 40, French, - guichet%20automatique%20priv%C3%A9

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Greenhouse plastics affect tomato pollination by influencing bee activity and bee loss through the ventilation systems. There is a significant difference in bee loss among plastic types ... . CT plastic, one of the less commonly used greenhouse plastics, experienced less bee loss than AT Duratherm, Patilux, and both AT Bee Poly and De Klerk together ... . The likely explanation for these results is that under CT plastic, bees are less able to visually detect the open vents because of the relatively small contrast between the transmitted light and the light through the vents. Our spectrophotometry results ... indicate that of the plastics tested, only CT plastic allows transmission of UV light. Because of this, fewer bees fly out of these greenhouses and die during the winter months.  1, record 41, English, - greenhouse%20plastic

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Greenhouse tomatoes and pollination by bumblebees.... Bumble bee keeping in greenhouses has encountered some problems because of the escape of the bees... through open vents in late winter and early spring.... New understandings in insect colour vision(Backhaus 1993) have suggested ways by which the visual target of the open vents(daylight with UV)... versus the greenhouse roof and walls(attenuated UV) can be disguised by coloured transparent flaps or blocked by screening so that the bees are not attracted and can not escape. The former would be easier and cheaper. UV light encourages the germination of spores of grey mould(Botrytis), so UV opaque plastics are favoured.  1, record 41, English, - greenhouse%20plastic

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plastique de serre : contribution des matériaux plastiques à la maîtrise du microclimat.  2, record 41, French, - plastique%20de%20serre

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The industrial sugar user will have a cheaper raw material but will not necessarily reduce the selling price of a Cola drink or a bar of chocolate.  2, record 42, English, - industrial%20sugar%20user

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sugar Manual of Hawaiian Sugar Planters’ Association.  3, record 42, English, - industrial%20sugar%20user

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un utilisateur industriel de sucre ne stocke pas au sens des règlements agricoles, mais détient seulement ces quantités qui, en raison de la nature et du rythme de son activité, sont nécessaires pour une production normale, il peut toutefois être incité à procéder, dans certaines circonstances, à un stockage spéculatif et perturber ainsi le marché.  1, record 42, French, - utilisateur%20industriel%20de%20sucre

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les boulangeries, les confiseries et l'industrie des boissons sont des exemples d'utilisateurs industriels du sucre.  2, record 42, French, - utilisateur%20industriel%20de%20sucre

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Web is a delivery vehicle for e-learning, but so is a CD-ROM. It's certainly faster and cheaper to post a training site and give out the Uniform Resource Locator(URL) and password than to burn, that is, copy thousands of compacts discs(CDs) and ship them all across the world.  2, record 43, English, - training%20site

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La formation ouverte à distance offre la possibilité pour les personnes d'accéder à un site de formation sur Internet. Une adresse de site, un code d'accès et un mot de passe sont nécessaires. Informations, ressources documentaires, accès à un forum : tel est le principe du site. Ces nouvelles modalités viennent compléter le stage traditionnel. En effet, les personnes inscrites se déplacent toujours en formation mais, parfois moins souvent et pour une partie, travaillent directement sur le site de formation.  2, record 43, French, - site%20de%20formation

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A floating platform consisting of an array of vertical concrete cylinders, six meters(20 feet) in diameter and 36 meters tall, that is open at the bottom and sealed at the top. Air trapped in the cylinders provides enough buoyancy for the platform to float. Interconnections between cylinders allow the air to move between them. And a few turbines can be added to exploit the movement of the air and generate electricity. It requires less maintenance, and is cheaper to build than a steel pontoon.  1, record 44, English, - concrete%20floating%20platform

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pluriel : des plateformes, des plates-formes.  2, record 44, French, - plate%2Dforme%20flottante%20en%20b%C3%A9ton

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 2 OBS

plateforme (sing.); plateformes (pl.) : Ces graphies, puisées des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, sont attestées dans le Petit Robert (2004).  3, record 44, French, - plate%2Dforme%20flottante%20en%20b%C3%A9ton

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Of course, NASA probably could have done something similar in the late 1980s if only they had proposed a small space platform in 1984 rather than a monster Space Station. For example, the Marshall Space Flight Center's Science and Applications Space Platform from 1982 would have cost an estimated $500 million to develop. The manned version... would have been slightly more expensive but still far cheaper than the(then-) $8-billion international space station eventually chosen by Reagan. But SASP would have been less controversial due to its lower cost, and several platforms could have been built for different missions--including polar platforms, GEO and lunar orbit.  2, record 45, English, - science%20and%20applications%20space%20platform

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pluriel : des plateformes, des plates-formes.  2, record 45, French, - plate%2Dforme%20spatiale%20non%20habit%C3%A9e%20pour%20sciences%20et%20applications

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 2 OBS

plateforme (sing.); plateformes (pl.) : Ces graphies, puisées des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, sont attestées dans le Petit Robert (2004).  3, record 45, French, - plate%2Dforme%20spatiale%20non%20habit%C3%A9e%20pour%20sciences%20et%20applications

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Advanced Micro Devices(AMD) plans to associate with manufacturers in Brazil to produce cheaper personal computers for the local market. The U. S. company intends to use Brazil as the back-end platform for microprocessors to develop the production of chips in the country.  1, record 46, English, - back%2Dend%20platform

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pluriel : des plateformes, des plates-formes.  3, record 46, French, - plate%2Dforme%20d%27arri%C3%A8re%2Dplan

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 OBS

plateforme (sing.); plateformes (pl.) : Ces graphies, puisées des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, sont attestées dans le Petit Robert (2004).  2, record 46, French, - plate%2Dforme%20d%27arri%C3%A8re%2Dplan

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Many fast food restaurants provide combination meals that are more economical than purchasing just a sandwich. For example, breakfast combination meals may include the sandwich, hash browns, and a drink for a cheaper price than the sandwich alone.  2, record 47, English, - combination%20meal

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Bento or Obento [is a] combination meal served in a wooden box. A traditional bento consists of rice, fish or meat and one or more pickled or cooked vegetables as a side dish.  3, record 47, English, - combination%20meal

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il arrive souvent que les entreprises combinent des produits ou services de façon à offrir aux consommateurs de meilleurs prix, des incitations ou des conditions plus favorables. En constituant de tels ensembles, elles sont en mesure de proposer leurs produits et services à un prix plus bas. Une chaîne de restauration rapide peut offrir, par exemple, un repas combiné comprenant un hamburger, des frites et une boisson et demander pour l'ensemble un prix inférieur aux prix total de ces mets achetés séparément.  1, record 47, French, - repas%20combin%C3%A9

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Barracuda is a true naturally aspirated diesel engine and with its 6.5 liters and 170hp it’s the engine that will take you around the world two times and back without hesitating.  2, record 48, English, - naturally%20aspirated%20diesel%20engine

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The latest addition to the range is a naturally aspirated diesel engine fitted with a highly efficient unit injector system to provide extreme fuel economy in a land where wine is cheaper than petrol.  3, record 48, English, - naturally%20aspirated%20diesel%20engine

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On écrirait mieux «diésel».  2, record 48, French, - moteur%20diesel%20%C3%A0%20alimentation%20naturelle

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 2 OBS

diésel : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  3, record 48, French, - moteur%20diesel%20%C3%A0%20alimentation%20naturelle

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of rotary drilling that uses air as the circulating medium.  2, record 49, English, - air%20drilling

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Air drilling is cheaper and quicker than mud drilling and avoids possible damage to the production zone from circulating mud which may enter the zone when drilling. Nevertheless, this method cannot be used in formations that are very wet or which tend to slough. A common practice is to use mud until after the production casing... has been placed in position, and use air drilling when penetrating the production zone.  3, record 49, English, - air%20drilling

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode de forage dans lequel le fluide de forage est de l'air comprimé.  2, record 49, French, - forage%20%C3%A0%20l%27air

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le forage à l'air est meilleur marché et plus rapide que le forage à la boue et évite les dommages à la zone de production pouvant provenir de la circulation de boue qui peut pénétrer dans la zone en cours de forage. Néanmoins, on ne peut user de cette méthode dans les formations très humides, ou qui ont tendance à bouler. Une pratique commune consiste à employer de la boue juste après la mise en place du tubage de protection [...] et à utiliser de l'air lorsqu'on pénètre dans la zone de production.  3, record 49, French, - forage%20%C3%A0%20l%27air

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Forma de sondeo cuyo fluido de perforación es el aire comprimido.  2, record 49, Spanish, - perforaci%C3%B3n%20con%20aire%20comprimido

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Multinationalization means that a mutlinational corporation has factories all over the world, nearer to markets where it can produce abroad and use cheaper labor.  2, record 50, English, - multinationalization

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La multinationalisation est caractérisée par la courbe ascendante de l'investissement direct à l'étranger et la localisation d'activités de production dans plusieurs pays par les firmes qui deviennent multinationales.  2, record 50, French, - multinationalisation

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In cheaper papers, rubber rings are used to watermark the damp paper sheet; watermarks obtained with rubber rings are coarser and not as distinct as those obtained with dandy rolls.  2, record 51, English, - rubber%20ring

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Molette] en caoutchouc pour filigranes.  2, record 51, French, - molette%20en%20caoutchouc

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A provisional patent application("PPA") is an easier and cheaper way for an inventor to file a first patent for an invention than a traditional patent filing. To file a PPA an inventor must submit a detailed description of the invention, informal drawings if needed to understand how to make and use the invention, a cover sheet, and a fee.  3, record 52, English, - provisional%20patent%20application

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The provisional application provides the means to establish an early effective filing date in a patent application and permits the term.  2, record 52, English, - provisional%20patent%20application

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une demande de brevet provisoire déposée sous une juridiction étrangère, telle une demande de brevet provisoire des États-Unis, peut aussi servir de fondement pour demander la priorité dans une demande de brevet canadienne.  2, record 52, French, - demande%20de%20brevet%20provisoire

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The American Space Agency Nasa... is putting several million dollars into the project under its advanced concepts programme. At the heart of a space elevator would be a cable reaching up as far as 100, 000km from the surface of the Earth. The earthbound end would be tethered to a base station, probably somewhere in the middle of the Pacific ocean. The other end would be attached to an orbiting object in space acting as a counterweight, the momentum of which would keep the cable taut and allow vehicles to climb up and down it. A space elevator would make rockets redundant by granting cheaper access to space. At about a third of the way along the cable-36, 000 km from Earth-objects take a day to complete a full orbit. If the cable's centre of gravity remained at this height, the cable would remain vertical, as satellites placed at this height are geostationary, effectively hovering over the same spot on the ground. To build a space elevator such a geostationary satellite would be placed into orbit carrying the coiled-up cable. One weighted end of the cable would then be dropped back towards Earth, while the other would be unreeled off into space. Mechanical lifters could then climb up the cable from the ground, ferrying up satellites, space probes and eventually tourists. The biggest technical obstacle is finding a material strong but light enough to make the cable; this is where the carbon nanotubes come in. These are microscopically thin tubes of carbon that are as strong as diamonds but flexible enough to turn into fibre. In theory, a nanotube ribbon about one metre wide and as thin as paper could support a space elevator.  2, record 53, English, - space%20elevator

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La NIAC (Institut des Concepts Avancées de la NASA) a publié une étude fin 2002 sur tous les aspects d'un système d'ascenseur spatial, de la construction aux opérations. Premièrement, l'ascenseur serait constitué d'un câble d'une longueur de 91 000 km et d'un diamètre variant de 1 micron à 11.5 cm. Ce filin serait mis en orbite à l'aide d'une navette spatiale aidée de quelques propulseurs supplémentaires, qui, une fois en orbite géostationnaire, serviraient de contrepoids. Les forces centripètes repousseraient alors la partie haute du filin vers l'espace tandis que la partie basse serait attirée par la Terre, mettant le tout en tension. Ce premier lien serait capable d'envoyer plus d'une tonne en orbite. Il suffira ensuite d'utiliser ce premier câble pour en mettre en orbite de nouveaux. Ces filins seront constitués de nanotubes de carbone. Le plus gros défi technologique serait de construire 91 000 km de nanotubes car aujourd'hui la technologie ne permet d'en construire que quelques centimètres. Le ratio actuel nanotube/résine epoxy est de 60/40. Il faudra réussir à descendre à 98/2. Les principaux risques liés au transport par ascenseur seront dus aux météorites, aux ouragans ou aux attaques terroristes. Le filin pourra être réparé in-situ. Ce système ne nécessiterait pas de maîtriser la fusion nucléaire. De simples batteries et panneaux solaires suffiront à alimenter l'ascenseur. La plupart des technologies nécessaires existent déjà ou existeront dans le court terme. Les prévisions actuelles prévoient un budget de 7 à 10 milliards sur 15 ans.  2, record 53, French, - ascenseur%20spatial

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish