TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A test performed by compressing the metatarsal bones together, which elicits pain between metatarsal heads in the presence of synovitis.  2, record 1, English, - metatarsal%20compression%20test

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pain may also be elicited by a Morton’s neuroma or other painful conditions.  3, record 1, English, - metatarsal%20compression%20test

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Manœuvre qui consiste à comprimer transversalement l'arche métatarsienne et qui, dans la métatarsalgie de Morton, réveille la douleur au foyer du névrome.  2, record 1, French, - man%26oelig%3Buvre%20de%20Mulder

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Provoque aussi une douleur en cas de synovite métatarso-phalangienne.  3, record 1, French, - man%26oelig%3Buvre%20de%20Mulder

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A test for nerve root compression in which intrathecal pressure and intraspinal fluid pressure are increased by bilateral manual compression of the jugular veins. Increase or aggravation of pain or sensory disturbance over the distribution of the involved nerve root confirms the presence of an extruded intervertebral disk or other mass.  2, record 2, English, - Naffziger%26rsquo%3Bs%20test

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Many refuse to perform this test because of the risks involved.  3, record 2, English, - Naffziger%26rsquo%3Bs%20test

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Manœuvre utilisée pour vérifier l'existence d'une irritation radiculaire. La compression manuelle bilatérale des veines jugulaires entraîne une augmentation de la pression du liquide céphalo-rachidien qui exacerbe la douleur sur le territoire du nerf affecté en cas de problème disco-radiculaire.  2, record 2, French, - man%26oelig%3Buvre%20de%20Naffziger

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Plusieurs cliniciens se refusent à pratiquer cette manœuvre face aux risques qu'elle présente.  3, record 2, French, - man%26oelig%3Buvre%20de%20Naffziger

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A test designed to reproduce pain originating in the cervical spine. With the patient sitting, the examiner places one hand across the other on the top of the patient's head with gradually increased downward pressure. If radicular pain or paresthesias with referral to the upper limb occur with the head compression test, it strongly suggests nerve root irritation. On the other hand, if the pain remains in the neck, soft tissues or joints appear as the pain-sensitive structures involved.  2, record 3, English, - head%20compression%20test

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Although the term "head compression test" is widely used, the term "neck compression test" is more appropriate.  3, record 3, English, - head%20compression%20test

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le test de pression axiale consiste à appuyer des deux mains sur l'occiput d'un patient assis. Il peut exacerber temporairement un symptôme d'origine cervicale [...]  2, record 3, French, - man%26oelig%3Buvre%20de%20compression%20cervicale

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

manœuvre de compression cervicale : terme proposé par le comité de sémiologie de l'appareil locomoteur.  3, record 3, French, - man%26oelig%3Buvre%20de%20compression%20cervicale

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A test which determines if there exists irritation or compression of nerve root, dural root sleeve fibrosis or adhesions, foraminal encroachment, or adjacent joint capsule thickening and adhesions. The examiner stands beside the patient who tilts the head to one side. With one of the examiner's hands on the patient's shoulder and the other hand on the patient's head, the examiner exerts downward pressure on the patient's shoulder and lateral flexion pressure on the patient's head in the opposite direction. This test places a tug on the nerve roots; with root sleeve fibrosis, foraminal osteophytes, or adhesions, radicular pain or paresthesias often result.  2, record 4, English, - shoulder%20depression%20test

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Manœuvre consistant à fléchir la tête du malade de côté tout en appliquant une pression vers le bas sur l'épaule opposée. Une augmentation de la douleur indique une irritation ou une compression des racines nerveuses, un empiétement sur la lumière des trous de conjugaison par des ostéophytes ou des adhérences sur le manchon dure-mérien du nerf et de la capsule articulaire adjacente du côté étiré.  2, record 4, French, - man%26oelig%3Buvre%20d%27abaissement%20des%20%C3%A9paules

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Manœuvre de kinésiologie au cours de laquelle le patient, assis, regarde droit devant lui. Le médecin exerce une pression centrale au sommet du crâne, ou un peu latéralement (20-25°), mais toujours dans l'axe de la colonne. Si le patient ressent une douleur, le test est positif.  1, record 5, French, - compression%20du%20trou%20de%20conjugaison

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Explications et équivalences fournies par des chiropraticiens.  1, record 5, French, - compression%20du%20trou%20de%20conjugaison

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A test for a meniscal lesion(usually a tear) : with the patient lying prone and the knee flexed to 90 degrees, the examiner places downward compression internally and externally on the foot while rotating the tibia on the femur. Pain elicited during this maneuver suggests a meniscal lesion.  2, record 6, English, - grinding%20test

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Definition from HOPPS, 1976, p. 191 and KERHE, 1985, p. 386.  3, record 6, English, - grinding%20test

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

«Apley» s'écrit avec un seul «p», contrairement à ce que l'on trouve dans la littérature française.  1, record 6, French, - man%26oelig%3Buvre%20d%27Apley

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A test used to detect root tension in patients with back pain. As the straight leg raising test is performed and pain relieved by knee flexion, firm pressure is applied by the fingers into the popliteal space, which will reproduce the pain in a positive bowstring test.  2, record 7, English, - bowstring%20test

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Not to be confused with the "signe de la corde de l’arc".  2, record 7, English, - bowstring%20test

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Manœuvre de mise en tension radiculaire. La jambe est soulevée jusqu'à un angle s'arrêtant juste avant le seuil douloureux. Le genou est ensuite légèrement fléchi et soutenu par l'épaule de l'examinateur. Ce dernier exerce alors une pression sur le creux poplité avec ses doigts, ce qui devrait de nouveau reproduire la douleur du patient.  2, record 7, French, - %C3%A9preuve%20de%20la%20compression%20poplit%C3%A9e

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ne pas confondre avec le «signe de la corde de l'arc».  2, record 7, French, - %C3%A9preuve%20de%20la%20compression%20poplit%C3%A9e

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lateral pelvic compression: With the patient lying on each side in turn, firm downward pressure is applied to the controlateral ilium.  2, record 8, English, - iliac%20compression%20test

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A test for sacroiliac disease: with the patient lying on one side, pressure is applied to the uppermost iliac crest, compressing the other crest into the examining table. A positive response is pain in the affected sacroiliac joint.  3, record 8, English, - iliac%20compression%20test

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Manœuvre de mobilisation de la sacro-iliaque : le patient étant en décubitus latéral, une forte pression est exercée sur les ailes iliaques. Cette manœuvre provoque une douleur en cas d'arthropathie sacro-iliaque.  2, record 8, French, - man%26oelig%3Buvre%20de%20Volkmann

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A test used in the examination of patients with cervical spine syndromes. This test should be done with the patient seated; the open palm of the examiner's hand should be placed under the patient's chin while the examiner's other hand goes under the patient's occiput; gradually the force of lifting the patient's head increases, removing the weight of the skull and distracting the foramina, discs, and joints. Nerve root compression may be relieved, with disappearance of symptoms with opening of the intervertebral foramina or extension of the disc spaces, Additionally, pressure on joint capsules of apophyseal joints diminishes with head distraction.  2, record 9, English, - head%20distraction%20test

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Although the term "head distraction test" is widely used, the term "cervical spine distraction test" is more appropriate.  3, record 9, English, - head%20distraction%20test

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le syndrome vertébral, la pression axiale sur le vertex peut entraîner une exagération de la douleur que soulage au contraire une traction axiale douce.  1, record 9, French, - man%26oelig%3Buvre%20de%20traction%20cervicale

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

manœuvre de traction cervicale : terme proposé par le Comité de sémiologie de l'appareil locomoteur.  2, record 9, French, - man%26oelig%3Buvre%20de%20traction%20cervicale

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(...) a compression check shows that each cylinder’s compression is within specs (...)  1, record 10, English, - compression%20check

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pour vérifier l'étanchéité de l'ensemble cylindre-chambre de compression on utilise un compressiomètre. C'est un simple manomètre muni d'un embout élastique que l'on appui sur le trou de bougie (...)  3, record 10, French, - v%C3%A9rification%20d%27%C3%A9tanch%C3%A9it%C3%A9%20de%20l%27ensemble%20cylindre%2Dchambre%20de%20compression

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the classical test for the determination of compressibility and consolidation. In this test, the cylindrical sample as a whole can move only in the direction of its vertical axis and only in this direction can the pore water and the pore air be squeezed out.  6, record 11, English, - oedometer%20test

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A suite of mechanical tests on clay samples was performed: oedometry, triaxial tests and Atterberg tests.  7, record 11, English, - oedometer%20test

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] essai destiné à déterminer, en fonction d'une contrainte de compression donnée appliquée au sol, les déformations que celui-ci subit. [...] Cet essai est réalisé au laboratoire au moyen d'un appareil appelé «oedomètre» [...]  6, record 11, French, - essai%20%C3%A0%20l%27oedom%C3%A8tre

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Divers essais géotechniques standards exécutés en laboratoire et in situ, notamment (liste non exhaustive, la norme detaille divers méthodes de mesure standardiseés) : masse volumique, teneur en eau naturelle, limite de consistance, granulométrie, teneur en matière organique, oedométrie, compression, cisaillement, essai triaxial, perméabilité, compactage, essai de laque, essai pressiométrique, essais de pénétrométrie, scissomètrie, etc.  7, record 11, French, - essai%20%C3%A0%20l%27oedom%C3%A8tre

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method for testing the adductors of the fingers. The patient holds a piece of paper between two adducted fingers and the examiner pulls the paper to test the strength of compression exerted by the adductors.  2, record 12, English, - paper%2Dpulling%20test

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Test permettant d'étudier les muscles adducteurs des doigts. On demande au patient de tenir un morceau de papier entre deux doigts en adduction (l'un contre l'autre). On tire ensuite le papier pour évaluer la pression exercée par les adducteurs.  2, record 12, French, - test%20de%20la%20traction%20du%20papier

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Stability tests investigate the strength of the snowpack layering and provide specific measurements used to either directly or indirectly determine the snow stability. Stability tests include the compression test, the Rutschblock test, etc.  1, record 14, English, - stability%20test

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Layers down 10, 30 and 60 cm are still failing in stability tests with results in the moderate to hard range. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]  1, record 14, English, - stability%20test

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

stability test: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  2, record 14, English, - stability%20test

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les tests de stabilité évaluent la résistance des couches du manteau neigeux et fournissent des mesures spécifiques pour déterminer la stabilité du manteau neigeux. Ils peuvent comprendre entre autres les tests de compression, les tests Rutschblock, etc.  1, record 14, French, - test%20de%20stabilit%C3%A9

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les couches situées à 10, 30 et 60 cm de profondeur continuent de céder lors des tests de stabilité et des ruptures allant de modérées à difficiles sont enregistrées. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  1, record 14, French, - test%20de%20stabilit%C3%A9

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

test de stabilité : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  2, record 14, French, - test%20de%20stabilit%C3%A9

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A testing machine used to determine compression strength, usually applied to materials of high compression but low tensile strength.  3, record 15, English, - compression%20testing%20machine

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An apparatus used for making hardness tests on timber.  2, record 16, English, - Janka%20hardness%20tool

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hardness.... With the change to SI units a special hardened steel tool(known as the Janka hardness tool) rounded to a diameter of 11. 3 mm(projected area 100 mm2) is embedded to one-half of its diameter into the(20 mm) test piece. This tool has a device embodying an electrical contact which rings a signal bell when the correct depth of penetration has been reached... The hardness test is performed... on the static bending specimen... there is a very good correlation between the side hardness of timber, as determined by the Janka hardness tool, and its compression strength perpendicular to the grain.  1, record 16, English, - Janka%20hardness%20tool

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

duromètre : nom générique des appareils de mesure de dureté.  2, record 16, French, - durom%C3%A8tre%20Janka

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A test for tensile strength in which a cylindrical specimen is loaded to failure in diametral compression.  2, record 17, English, - splitting%20tensile%20test

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Essai normalisé de rupture par traction d'éprouvettes de béton durci (cylindres normalisés de 16 cm de diamètre par 32 cm de long).  2, record 17, French, - essai%20de%20traction%20par%20fendage

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It is important for bottle designers to know bottle performance test procedures.... The most important ones are :-Vertical compression or top load strength.-Drop impact resistance.-Product compatibility and permeability.  2, record 18, English, - falling%20weight%20impact%20strength

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of compression chamber in which water is introduced and pressurized by air remaining in the chamber, thereby simulating and actual diving environment. It is used to train divers and to test diving equipment.  3, record 19, English, - wet%2Ddry%20chamber

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Information obtained from DMRS 2-4, NDHQ.  3, record 19, English, - wet%2Ddry%20chamber

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Caisson expérimental partiellement rempli d'eau qui permet de simuler pour le plongeur les conditions d'activités subaquatiques.  1, record 19, French, - chambre%20hydropneumatique

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The shovel shear test provides information about the location where the snow could fail in shear. It is best applied for identification of buried weak layers and does not usually produce useful results in layers close to the snow surface. Soft snow near the surface is better tested with the tilt board and the shear frame or an improvised version of this tilt test.  3, record 20, English, - shovel%20shear%20test

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Shovel Shear Test. This test can be done on a flat or on a slope. With good technique, the location of weak layers, even thin weak layers, can be found. First dig a hole or pit in the snow. The vertical wall of the pit should be straight up and down, and smooth. Make a mark on the uphill portion of one corner of your pit with your shovel blade. This will mark the boundaries of your column, which should be roughly 30 cm by 30 cm or 12 inches square. (A) Now, cut both sides using a snow saw or your ski, all the way to the floor of the pit making sure that the cuts are straight. (B) The back of the column should only be cut as deep as your shovel blade is long, so measure with your shovel blade (C) and then cut the back. (D) Next, insert your shovel, blade down, in the back cut of the column and pull gently and evenly forward being careful not to lever your shovel handle. (E) Examine the shear layer where the block failed. (F) The force applied to the shovel that causes a weak layer to shear from the layers surrounding it can be rated as follows: Very easy ... Easy ... Moderate ... Hard ...  4, record 20, English, - shovel%20shear%20test

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The results of the shovel shear test were inconclusive. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]  5, record 20, English, - shovel%20shear%20test

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Shovel test : abbreviated form of "shovel shear test. "Shovel test may also refer to the shovel tilt test or the shovel compression test.  6, record 20, English, - shovel%20shear%20test

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Observers are cautioned that identification of the weak layers is the primary objective of the shovel shear test. The shovel shear test is not a stability test.  3, record 20, English, - shovel%20shear%20test

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 3 OBS

shovel shear test: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  6, record 20, English, - shovel%20shear%20test

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le test de la pelle consiste à isoler une tranche du manteau neigeux de base carrée (la largeur est celle de la pelle, soit une trentaine de centimètres en moyenne), puis à la tirer vers soi ou à la charger pour détecter la présence de plan(s) de glissement potentiel(s).  4, record 20, French, - test%20de%20cisaillement%20%C3%A0%20la%20pelle

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le test de cisaillement à la pelle n'a pas donné de résultats définitifs. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  5, record 20, French, - test%20de%20cisaillement%20%C3%A0%20la%20pelle

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Ce test n'est] pas à proprement parler un test de stabilité.  4, record 20, French, - test%20de%20cisaillement%20%C3%A0%20la%20pelle

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Test de la pelle. [...] Il existe plusieurs variantes de ce test sous la même désignation. Méthode Faarlund. [...] Méthode de Munter.  4, record 20, French, - test%20de%20cisaillement%20%C3%A0%20la%20pelle

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 3 OBS

test de cisaillement à la pelle; essai de cisaillement à la pelle : termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  6, record 20, French, - test%20de%20cisaillement%20%C3%A0%20la%20pelle

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On a 2180-metre south aspect, stability test scores were in the critical range(RB score 3 and easy compression tests) down 25 cm on a firm crust. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee. ]  1, record 21, English, - score

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

score: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  3, record 21, English, - score

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Compression, Rutschblock, shear, shovel shear, snowpit, stability score.  3, record 21, English, - score

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Compression, shovel shear, snowpit, stability test score  3, record 21, English, - score

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les tests de stabilité effectués dans un versant sud à 2 180 mètres ont donné, à une profondeur de 25 cm sur croûte ferme, des résultats critiques (3 aux tests Rutschblock et ruptures faciles aux tests de compression). [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  1, record 21, French, - r%C3%A9sultat

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

résultat : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  2, record 21, French, - r%C3%A9sultat

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A facet layer on top of a crust is buried 40-70 cm deep and gives moderate results in stability tests. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]  1, record 22, English, - moderate%20result

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Result taken from the stability test results tables(shovel shear test and compression test).  2, record 22, English, - moderate%20result

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

moderate result: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  2, record 22, English, - moderate%20result

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Avec un peu d'habitude on peut apprécier la facilité d'obtention d'une cassure sur 5 classes : très facile (cassure obtenue en sciant), facile, modérée, difficile (pour une traction de plus en plus forte exercée sur la pelle) et impossible (aucune cassure).  2, record 22, French, - rupture%20mod%C3%A9r%C3%A9e

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Une couche de grains à faces planes reposant sur une croûte se trouve enfouie à 40-70 cm de profondeur et donne des ruptures modérées lors des tests de stabilité. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  1, record 22, French, - rupture%20mod%C3%A9r%C3%A9e

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Résultat obtenu lors de tests de stabilité (tableau sur les étapes de surcharge pour les tests de compression et les tests de cisaillement à la pelle).  3, record 22, French, - rupture%20mod%C3%A9r%C3%A9e

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

rupture modérée; cassure modérée : termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  3, record 22, French, - rupture%20mod%C3%A9r%C3%A9e

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A snow pit is a trench exposing a snow face that reveals for study the entire thickness of snow on the ground at the location of interest. Snow pits are routinely examined in order to evaluate avalanche danger. They are also important study sites for researchers interested in the hydrologic consequences of the snow contained in the snow pack.  4, record 23, English, - snow%20pit

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Snow pit [is] a hole dug in the snow-cover to expose the vertical stratigraphy. Weak layers and slabs can be indentified, hardnesses tested and recorded, and stability tests performed. The amount of time invested in, and the details obtained from, a snowpit can vary greatly  2, record 23, English, - snow%20pit

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 3 CONT

... snow pits do not have to be very elaborate. Digging a quick "hasty" pit might take only 15 or 20 minutes, whereas a more formal pit may take up to an hour.  3, record 23, English, - snow%20pit

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Snowpit tests :... Compression test... Stuff block test... Rutschblock test... Shovel shear test.  3, record 23, English, - snow%20pit

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On fait une coupe jusqu'au sol pour identifier les différentes couches de neige et leurs caractéristiques : température, nature et taille des grains, humidité, dureté, densité. Cet examen permet de mettre en évidence couches fragiles (gobelets, grains à faces planes, givre de surface enfoui, neige roulée...), structure de plaque et plans de glissement (croûte de regel...).  1, record 23, French, - coupe

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Étude d'une coupe de neige [...] d'environ 2 mètres de profondeur. [...] Technique : faire un trou dans la neige sur un site connu pour être propice aux avalanches, déterminer la hauteur de neige et avoir accès aux différentes couches résultant des précipitations successives.  4, record 23, French, - coupe

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Une aide possible pour rechercher ces couches fragiles est alors d'effectuer un des tests de stabilité décrits ci-après. Il est nécessaire de creuser un trou, pas nécessairement jusqu'au sol mais jusqu'à la première couche suffisamment épaisse de neige très dure ou regelée. [...] Dans le mur de neige dégagé, on peut réaliser un profil stratigraphique qui consiste à décrire minutieusement chaque couche de neige [...]  5, record 23, French, - coupe

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Creuser, faire un trou dans la neige.  6, record 23, French, - coupe

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Effectuer, faire une coupe dans la neige.  6, record 23, French, - coupe

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Snowpack tests on north-facing terrain show easy results. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]  1, record 24, English, - easy%20result

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Shovel Test ... is used to locate sliding layers within the snowpack and to gauge the effort required to produce failure. ... Interpretation of Results. ... Easy. Fails with minimum pressure. Snow unstable. Natural avalanche releases likely; skier released avalanches a probability. Keep off steep slopes.  2, record 24, English, - easy%20result

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Compression test.... Place a shovel blade on top of the column. Tap with finger tips, about 10 times, moving your hand from the wrist and rate any failure as "easy". Tap from the elbow, about 10 times, and rate any failure as "moderate". Finally, hit the shovel blade with an open hand or fist, about 10 times, and rate any failure as "hard. "  3, record 24, English, - easy%20result

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Result taken from the stability test results tables(shovel shear test and compression test).  4, record 24, English, - easy%20result

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 4 OBS

easy result: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  4, record 24, English, - easy%20result

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On obtient des ruptures faciles dans les versants nord lors des tests de stabilité du manteau neigeux. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  1, record 24, French, - rupture%20facile

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Résultat obtenu lors de tests de stabilité (tableau sur les étapes de surcharge pour les tests de compression et les tests de cisaillement à la pelle).  2, record 24, French, - rupture%20facile

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

rupture facile; cassure facile : termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  2, record 24, French, - rupture%20facile

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A stability test of the upper snowpack in which a person taps a shovel placed on top of a column of snow.  3, record 25, English, - compression%20test

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The compression test finds most weak layers in the upper part of the snowpack and helps rate their stability... To start this test, use a shovel, snow saw, ski or snowboard to cut a square column with sides 30 centimetres(12 inches) wide. The column is usually about 1 metre(3 feet) tall. Place a shovel blade on top of the column. Tap with finger tips, about 10 times, moving your hand from the wrist and rate any failure as easy. Tap from the elbow, about 10 times, and rate any failure as moderate. Finally, hit the shovel blade with an open hand or fist, about 10 times, and rate any failure as hard.  3, record 25, English, - compression%20test

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Results from the compression test indicate a weakness down 65 cm. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee. ]  4, record 25, English, - compression%20test

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

compression test : term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  5, record 25, English, - compression%20test

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les essais de compression permettent de trouver les couches fragiles et d'en évaluer le degré de résistance. Ces couches se révèlent sur les parois de la colonne de neige, délimitée au préalable. On leur accorde une note en fonction de la force requise pour entraîner leur rupture. La note très facile signifie que la rupture a eu lieu au moment de la délimitation de la colonne de neige [...] Après avoir placé une pelle sur la colonne, [on tapote] la surface du bout des doigts, par simple flexion du poignet. Toute rupture à ce niveau obtient la note facile. L'étape suivante prévoit toujours un tapotement du bout des doigts, mais cette fois, en fléchissant le coude; une rupture est alors considérée modérée. Enfin, lorsqu'il est nécessaire de frapper sur la pelle avec le poing ou la main ouverte, la rupture est difficile.  3, record 25, French, - test%20de%20compression

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les tests de compression ont permis de déceler une couche fragile à 65 cm de profondeur. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  4, record 25, French, - test%20de%20compression

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

test de compression; essai de compression : termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  5, record 25, French, - test%20de%20compression

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Down 30 to 40 cm is a buried freezing rain crust which remains in the very easy to easy range. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]  1, record 26, English, - very%20easy%20range

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Result taken from the stability test results tables(shovel shear test and compression test).  2, record 26, English, - very%20easy%20range

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

very easy range: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  2, record 26, English, - very%20easy%20range

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une croûte de pluie verglaçante enfouie à 30 ou 40 cm continue de donner des ruptures variant de très faciles à faciles. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  1, record 26, French, - rupture%20tr%C3%A8s%20facile

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Résultat obtenu lors de tests de stabilité (tableau sur les étapes de surcharge pour les tests de compression et les tests de cisaillement à la pelle).  2, record 26, French, - rupture%20tr%C3%A8s%20facile

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

rupture très facile; cassure très facile : termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  2, record 26, French, - rupture%20tr%C3%A8s%20facile

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Shears on buried surface hoar still give very easy results down 60 cm and on a crust down 10 cm. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]  1, record 27, English, - very%20easy%20result

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Result taken from the stability test results tables(shovel shear test and compression test).  2, record 27, English, - very%20easy%20result

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

very easy result: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  2, record 27, English, - very%20easy%20result

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On obtient des ruptures par cisaillement très faciles dans la couche de givre de surface enfouie à 60 cm de profondeur et sur la croûte située à 10 cm de profondeur. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  1, record 27, French, - rupture%20tr%C3%A8s%20facile

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Résultat obtenu lors de tests de stabilité (tableau sur les étapes de surcharge pour les tests de compression et les tests de cisaillement à la pelle).  2, record 27, French, - rupture%20tr%C3%A8s%20facile

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

rupture très facile; cassure très facile : termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  2, record 27, French, - rupture%20tr%C3%A8s%20facile

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Testing on the buried surface hoar yielded only hard results. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]  1, record 28, English, - hard%20result

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Result taken from the stability test results tables(shovel shear test and compression test).  2, record 28, English, - hard%20result

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 OBS

hard result: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  2, record 28, English, - hard%20result

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les tests effectués sur la couche enfouie de givre de surface n'ont produit que des ruptures difficiles. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  1, record 28, French, - rupture%20difficile

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Résultat obtenu lors de tests de stabilité (tableau sur les étapes de surcharge pour les tests de compression et les tests de cisaillement à la pelle).  2, record 28, French, - rupture%20difficile

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 OBS

rupture difficile; cassure difficile : termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  2, record 28, French, - rupture%20difficile

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A snow instability down 10 to 15 cm remains reactive in the easy range in snowpack tests. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]  1, record 29, English, - easy%20range

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Result taken from the stability test results tables(shovel shear test and compression test).  2, record 29, English, - easy%20range

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

easy range: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  2, record 29, English, - easy%20range

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une couche instable enfouie à 10 ou 15 cm continue de produire des ruptures faciles lors des tests sur le manteau neigeux. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  1, record 29, French, - rupture%20facile

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Résultat obtenu lors de tests de stabilité (tableau sur les étapes de surcharge pour les tests de compression et les tests de cisaillement à la pelle).  2, record 29, French, - rupture%20facile

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

rupture facile; cassure facile : termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  2, record 29, French, - rupture%20facile

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The results of stability tests are in the moderate to hard range. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]  1, record 30, English, - hard%20range

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Result taken from the stability test results tables(shovel shear test and compression test).  2, record 30, English, - hard%20range

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 OBS

hard range: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  2, record 30, English, - hard%20range

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les tests de stabilité effectués donnent actuellement des ruptures modérées à difficiles. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  1, record 30, French, - rupture%20difficile

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Résultat obtenu lors de tests de stabilité (tableau sur les étapes de surcharge pour les tests de compression et les tests de cisaillement à la pelle).  2, record 30, French, - rupture%20difficile

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 OBS

rupture difficile; cassure difficile : termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  2, record 30, French, - rupture%20difficile

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Monday’s stability tests on a northeast alpine slope at 2600 metres were in the moderate range above and below this crust. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]  1, record 31, English, - moderate%20range

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Result taken from the stability test results tables(shovel shear test and compression test).  2, record 31, English, - moderate%20range

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 OBS

moderate range: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  2, record 31, English, - moderate%20range

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les tests de stabilité réalisés lundi sur une pente nord-est de la zone alpine, à 2 600 m, ont provoqué des ruptures modérées au-dessus et au-dessous de cette croûte. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  1, record 31, French, - rupture%20mod%C3%A9r%C3%A9e

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Résultat obtenu lors de tests de stabilité (tableau sur les étapes de surcharge pour les tests de compression et les tests de cisaillement à la pelle).  2, record 31, French, - rupture%20mod%C3%A9r%C3%A9e

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 OBS

rupture modérée; cassure modérée : termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  2, record 31, French, - rupture%20mod%C3%A9r%C3%A9e

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A test in which specimens are subjected to an increasing compressive force, usually until they fail by cracking, buckling or disintegration.  1, record 34, English, - compression%20test

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Essai de compression. On comprime entre les plateaux d'une presse et jusqu'à écrasement, un cube de ciment de 5 cm de côté; on exprime la charge de rupture à la compression en kgf/cm [carrés] (kgf = 9,8 N) ou en bars.  1, record 34, French, - essai%20de%20compression

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A test to determine the shearing strength of cohesive soils in situ. The appliance consists of four blades projecting from a shaft at 90° intervals, and as these are rotated in the ground they generate a cylinder of soil thus determining the unit shearing strength of the mass in its natural environment. A light drill is first used to reach the depth required and the vane then driven into the deposit.  4, record 35, English, - vane%20test

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The vane test is carried out in a borehole while the box shear test or the triaxial compression test is a laboratory determination.  4, record 35, English, - vane%20test

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Four sources out of five defined "vane test" as a field or in place test as opposed to laboratory test.  5, record 35, English, - vane%20test

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 3 OBS

As per source "Dictionary of Geotechnics" by S.H. Somerville and M.A. Paul (SOMGE), 1983, field vane test should be considered as a specific.  5, record 35, English, - vane%20test

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le scissomètre [...] est constitué d'un moulinet à quatre pales en croix, foncé dans le sol à l'aide d'un train de tubes [...] Arrivé à la profondeur d'essai désirée, le fonçage est arrêté et l'on procède à l'essai proprement dit. Celui-ci consiste à entraîner le moulinet en rotation par l'intermédiaire d'un train de tiges tournant sans frottement dans le train de tubes, et à mesurer le moment résistant [...] correspondant. [...] L'interprétation de l'essai au scissomètre se fait en supposant que le cisaillement du sol s'effectue sur la surface du cylindre circonscrit au moulinet [...]  4, record 35, French, - essai%20au%20scissom%C3%A8tre

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A test carried out on soft clays to determine shear strength by inserting a small cruciform vane into a sample and measuring the torque required to shear the soil when rotated. An alternative to the undrained triaxial compression test where preparation of the sample may have an adverse effect on the measured strength of the soil.  1, record 36, English, - laboratory%20vane%20test

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Essai au scissomètre de laboratoire. Le scissomètre est constitué d'une tige métallique munie à son extrémité d'une ou plusieurs pales [...] L'ensemble est enfoncé par pression dans l'éprouvette de sol, puis soumis à un couple de torsion autour de l'axe de la tige, à vitesse angulaire de rotation constante. On mesure [...] le moment [...] du couple de torsion exercé en tête de tige, et l'on trace la courbe de ce moment en fonction de l'angle de rotation [...]  1, record 36, French, - essai%20au%20scissom%C3%A8tre%20de%20laboratoire

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

a test in which a cylindrical specimen of soil umbric epipedon encased in an impervious membrane is subjected to a confining pressure and then loaded.  7, record 37, English, - triaxial%20shear%20test

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Essai dans lequel un échantillon de sol cylindrique, enveloppé dans une membrane étanche, est soumis à une étreinte latérale puis chargé axialement jusqu'à rupture.  2, record 37, French, - essai%20de%20cisaillement%20%C3%A0%20l%27appareil%20triaxial

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Essai de cisaillement à l'appareil triaxial (...) L'éprouvette de sol, en forme de tronc de cylindre (...) est placée sur une embase métallique munie d'une pierre poreuse, à l'intérieur d'une enceinte étanche en plexiglas. Sur sa surface latérale, l'éprouvette est entourée d'une enveloppe imperméable. On exerce : une pression hydrostatique (...), une force verticale (...)  1, record 37, French, - essai%20de%20cisaillement%20%C3%A0%20l%27appareil%20triaxial

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the Mac, through QuickTime, shrinks the video image to a small size(160 X 120 pixels) to reduce the amount of video data required for each frame of video.... QuickTime also provides users with a variety of compressors for specific types of files-still images, video, animation, and so on. These compressors allow you to reduce your QuickTime clips’ file size, which can get enormous(the average uncompressed file size of our 30-second test clip was 16 megabytes). The compressors employ spatial compression to reduce the file size of each individual frame and temporal compression to reduce the amount of data repeated across a group of frames.  1, record 38, English, - spatial%20compression

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir aussi le terme «compresseur d'images» dans la banque Termium.  1, record 38, French, - compression%20spatiale

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tell him what you think is wrong and ask him to check spark plugs, compression, engine oil pressure, and perform a torque converter stall test.  1, record 40, English, - torque%20converter%20stall%20test

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Indiquez-lui ce qui ne va pas selon vous et demandez-lui de vérifier les bougies, la compression, la pression d'huile et le convertisseur de couple.  2, record 40, French, - essai%20de%20calage%20du%20convertisseur%20de%20couple

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Manual compression of the internal jugular veins with a manometer attached to the lumbar puncture needle to test for the patency of the subarachnoid space. Normally, compression causes a prompt rise in the cerebrospinal fluid pressure with rapid return to resting levels on release of compression; in partial or total subarachnoid block, this does not occur. The maneuver is contraindicated where increased intracranial pressure is present or suspected.  1, record 42, English, - Queckenstedt%20test

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Épreuve destinée à étudier les modifications de pression du liquide céphalorachidien, après compression brève des veines jugulaires. Normalement, la pression monte rapidement, et redescend aussi vite après décompression des jugulaires. L'absence ou la lenteur d'élévation de la pression lors de la compression, ou la lenteur de la descente lors de la décompression, témoignent d'un obstacle situé entre le compartiment céphalique du LCR et le point de ponction. Il faut toujours s'assurer que la compression abdominale fait monter la pression du LCR pour éliminer toute erreur technique.  1, record 42, French, - %C3%A9preuve%20de%20Queckenstedt%2DStookey

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

With the change to SI units a special hardened steel tool(known as the Janka hardness tool) rounded to a diameter of 11. 3 mm(projected area 100 mm2) is embedded to one-half of its diameter into the(20mm) test piece... an electrical contact... rings a signal bell when the correct depth of penetration has been reached... the hardness test is performed... on the static bending specimen.... The rate of penetration of the ball is 0. 11 mm/s... there is a very good correlation between the side hardness of timber, as determined by the Janka hardness tool, and its compression strength perpendicular to the grain.  1, record 43, English, - Janka%20ball

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mesure de la dureté des métaux. On applique, sur une surface légèrement polie du métal (...) une bille en acier spécial très dur (...) sous une charge déterminée. Il se forme alors dans la pièce une empreinte permanente, en forme de calotte sphérique [méthode de Brinell] (...)  2, record 43, French, - bille%20Janka

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Using accessories, a number of special programmes: heat testing, three-dimensional compression tests, fracture tests, etc., can be carried out.  1, record 44, English, - three%2Ddimensional%20compression%20test

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En adaptant sur le poste de travail des équipements accessoires, on peut réaliser de nombreux programmes d'essais spécifiques: essais à chaud, essais triaxiaux sous pression de confinement, essais de mécanique de rupture, etc.  1, record 44, French, - essai%20triaxial%20sous%20pression%20de%20confinement

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) causing failure of a test piece by compression.  2, record 45, English, - crushing

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) destruction d'une éprouvette par compression.  2, record 45, French, - %C3%A9crasement

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The purpose of the uniaxial compression test has been to determine the compressive strength of the ground for engineering purposes.(...) It has been assumed that failure in compression could then be predicted by comparing the calculated stresses around the opening with the strength that has been tested. This procedure has been based on the assumption that the strength of laboratory samples would be representative of the rock mass. It is being increasingly recognized, aside from the factors discussed below, that structural geological factors normally make this an invalid assumption.  1, record 46, English, - uniaxial%20compression%20test

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le but de l'essai de compression uniaxiale était de déterminer la résistance de compression du terrain pour les constructions. (...) On supposait qu'on pouvait prédire une rupture par compression en comparant les contraintes calculées autour de l'excavation à la résistance mesurée dans les tests. Cette méthode est basée sur la supposition que la résistance des éprouvettes testées en laboratoire est représentative de la masse rocheuse. On reconnaît de plus en plus que (...) les facteurs de géologie structurale sont tels que cette supposition n'est plus valable.  1, record 46, French, - essai%20de%20compression%20uniaxiale

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

This test can be used for examining the strength properties on specific planes of interest or simply as an alternative to the normal triaxial test for samples without particular planes of weakness.  2, record 47, English, - shear%20test

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tests to determine the shear strength of soil samples. The box shear test or the triaxial compression test may be performed in the laboratory, but the vane test may be made of the in situ soils in a borehole.  3, record 47, English, - shear%20test

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les essais de cisaillement permettent d'examiner les caractéristiques de la résistance d'une éprouvette pour les déterminer.  1, record 47, French, - essai%20de%20cisaillement

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The average resistance in compression of three specimens of a same batch submitted, at the same age, to a compression test  1, record 48, English, - strength%20test

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish