TERMIUM Plus^®

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The motion of free-floating space robots is characterized by non-holonomic constraints, i. e., non-integrable rate constraint equations. These constraints originate from the principles of conservation of angular momentum. It is well known that these rate constraints can also be written to form an input-affine drift-less control system. Trajectory planning of these systems is extremely challenging and computation intensive since the motion must satisfy differential constraints. Under certain conditions, these drift-less control systems can be shown to be differentially flat.  1, record 1, English, - free%2Dfloating%20space%20robot

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To date, most of the research on the control of space robots has centered on "free-floating" robots. Free-floating robots are defined as space robots where the satellite base position and orientation are unactuated. Without base actuation, no external forces or torques act upon the system when the end-effector is not in contact with the work environment. The linear and angular momenta of the system are conserved, so the spacecraft base moves in reaction to commanded arm motion.  2, record 1, English, - free%2Dfloating%20space%20robot

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free-floating space robot; free-floating robot: designations validated by a Canadian subject-matter expert from Polytechnique Montréal.  3, record 1, English, - free%2Dfloating%20space%20robot

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robot spatial flottant librement : désignation validée par un spécialiste canadien de Polytechnique Montréal.  1, record 1, French, - robot%20spatial%20flottant%20librement

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Los robots espaciales utilizados en órbita pueden ser de dos tipos básicamente, los robots de vuelo libre[,] cuya posición de la base se puede controlar y mover libremente[,] y los robots flotantes[,] en los cuales no se puede controlar la posición de la base.  1, record 1, Spanish, - robot%20flotante

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Negative mass propulsion is not a new concept. It has already been shown that [it] is theoretically possible to create a continuously propulsive effect by the juxtaposition of negative and positive masses... and that such a scheme does not violate conservation of momentum or energy... A crucial assumption to the success of this concept is that negative mass has negative inertia.  1, record 2, English, - negative%20mass%20propulsion

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Negative mass propulsion is not a new concept. It has already been shown that [it] is theoretically possible to create a continuously propulsive effect by the juxtaposition of negative and positive masses... and that such a scheme does not violate conservation of momentum or energy.... A crucial assumption to the success of this concept is that negative mass has negative inertia.  2, record 3, English, - negative%20inertia

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Conservation of momentum causes compression of the interior of the capsule(the rocket effect), with an inward moving shockwave converging on the fuel in the capsule's center.  2, record 4, English, - rocket%20effect

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Accélération centripète brutale du combustible d'un microballon de fusion inertielle, qui est provoquée par la détente de la couche d'ablation au moment où elle est transformée en plasma.  1, record 4, French, - effet%20fus%C3%A9e

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effet fusée : terme et définition publiés au Journal officiel de la République française le 30 septembre 2017.  2, record 4, French, - effet%20fus%C3%A9e

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One of the earliest proposals was that the dark matter is composed of neutrinos. First postulated in order to solve problems involving the conservation of energy and momentum in nuclear decay, neutrinos interact very weakly with normal matter and are thus extremely difficult to detect. Nevertheless, three kinds of neutrinos, called the electron neutrino, the muon neutrino and the tau neutrino, have now been found experimentally.  2, record 5, English, - muon%20neutrino

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Jusqu'à présent, on connaît trois types de neutrinos, chacun étant associé spécifiquement à la création de trois autres particules élémentaires, soit l'électron, le muon et le tau. Le Soleil ne produit que des neutrinos électroniques mais, s'ils avaient une masse, ces derniers pourraient bien se changer en neutrinos muoniques ou taus, en «oscillant» entre ces différents «états quantiques».  3, record 5, French, - neutrino%20muonique

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Los dos leptones de la segunda familia son el muón y el neutrino muónico; sus quarks son el quark "encantado, o quark c, y el quark "extraño", o quark s.  1, record 5, Spanish, - neutrino%20mu%C3%B3nico

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One of the earliest proposals was that the dark matter is composed of neutrinos. First postulated in order to solve problems involving the conservation of energy and momentum in nuclear decay, neutrinos interact very weakly with normal matter and are thus extremely difficult to detect. Nevertheless, three kinds of neutrino, called the electron neutrino, the muon neutrino and the tau neutrino, have now been found experimentally.  1, record 6, English, - tau%20neutrino

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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Jusqu'à présent, on connaît trois types de neutrinos, chacun étant associé spécifiquement à la création de trois autres particules élémentaires, soit l'électron, le muon et le tau. Le Soleil ne produit que des neutrinos électroniques mais, s'ils avaient une masse, ces derniers pourraient bien se changer en neutrinos muoniques ou taus, en «oscillant» entre ces différents «états quantiques».  1, record 6, French, - neutrino%20tau

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Los miembros confirmados de la tercera familia son los dos leptones, el leptón tau y el neutrino tauónico, y el quark "fondo" o quark b.  1, record 6, Spanish, - neutrino%20tau%C3%B3nico

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A second order non-linear optical process … based on the annihilation of two input photons at frequencies [omega subscript 1] and [omega subscript 2] while, simultaneously, one photon at frequency [omega subscript 3] is generated.  3, record 7, English, - sum%2Dfrequency%20generation

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Sum Frequency Generation Spectroscopy (SFG) is a technique used to analyze surfaces and interfaces. This spectroscopy method utilizes sum frequency generation, where two light beams mix at a surface and generate an output beam with a frequency equal to the sum of the two input frequencies. From the experiment setup and the output beam, one can deduce the composition, orientation distributions, and some structural information of molecules on a surface. SFG has advantages in its ability to be monolayer surface sensitive, ability to be performed in situ (for example aqueous surfaces and in gases), and not causing much damage to the sample surface.  3, record 7, English, - sum%2Dfrequency%20generation

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In order that the sum-frequency generation takes place it is necessary that the following two conditions happen : 1. Energy conservation … 2. Momentum conservation …  3, record 7, English, - sum%2Dfrequency%20generation

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Technique d’optique non linéaire développée […] pour sonder in situ et sélectivement les espèces adsorbées à l’interface entre deux milieux condensés, la seule contrainte étant la transparence d’une des phases.  3, record 7, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration%20de%20la%20fr%C3%A9quence%20somme

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Cette technique est obtenue par mixage non linéaire (synchronisation) d’une onde laser visible fixe (laser YAG [en grenat d'yttrium et d'aluminium] doublé) et d’une onde laser infrarouge accordable (laser à électrons libres). Le signal de fréquence somme devient résonnant quand la fréquence infrarouge est voisine de celle d’un mode de l’adsorbat.  3, record 7, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration%20de%20la%20fr%C3%A9quence%20somme

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The principle that the total angular momentum of a system has constant magnitude and direction if the system is subjected to no external force.  3, record 8, English, - law%20of%20conservation%20of%20angular%20momentum

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Angular momentum is a vector quantity, requiring the specification of both a magnitude and a direction for its complete description … For a given object or system isolated from external forces, the total angular momentum is a constant, a fact that is known as the law of conservation of angular momentum. A rigid spinning object, for example, continues to spin at a constant rate and with a fixed orientation unless influenced by the application of an external torque.(The rate of change of the angular momentum is, in fact, equal to the applied torque.)  4, record 8, English, - law%20of%20conservation%20of%20angular%20momentum

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Il convient de rappeler que les transmutations nucléaires, qu’elles soient spontanées – cas de la radioactivité – ou provoquées – cas des réactions […] sont soumises aux lois ou principes de conservation : — la loi de conservation de l’énergie totale d’un système isolé ou placé dans un champ extérieur constant (donc ne dépendant pas du temps) qui découle de l’uniformité du temps; — la loi de conservation de l’impulsion qui résulte de l’homogénéité de l’espace; — la loi de conservation du moment cinétique total qui découle de l’isotropie de l’espace […]  3, record 8, French, - loi%20de%20conservation%20du%20moment%20cin%C3%A9tique%20total

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Cette loi de conservation est d’une extrême utilité, s’appliquant tout aussi bien aux galaxies, au mouvement planétaire qu’aux atomes et aux noyaux.  4, record 8, French, - loi%20de%20conservation%20du%20moment%20cin%C3%A9tique%20total

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... another component of alpha radiation is the recoil of the parent nucleus, due to the conservation of momentum requiring the parent nucleus to recoil, much like the ’kick’ of a rifle butt when a bullet goes in the opposite direction. This gives a significant amount of energy to the recoil nucleus, which also causes ionization damage.  1, record 9, English, - recoil%20nucleus

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Noyau qui, par suite d'une réaction nucléaire ou d'une émission radioactive, est doué d'une énergie cinétique due à cette réaction ou à cette émission.  2, record 9, French, - noyau%20de%20recul

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Dans le cas d'une désintégration alpha, par exemple, l'énergie libérée se retrouve sous forme d'énergie cinétique partagée entre la particule alpha (98 %) et le noyau qui recule (2 %).  2, record 9, French, - noyau%20de%20recul

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Equations governing the descent of the cloud are those for conservation of mass, momentum, buoyancy, solid particles and vorticity.  1, record 10, English, - descent%20of%20cloud

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Les équations gouvernant la descente du nuage sont celles de la conservation de la masse, de la quantité de mouvement, de la flottaison, du nombre de particules, et de la vorticité.  1, record 10, French, - descente%20du%20nuage

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Conservation of angular momentum is important from the microscopic level of atoms and nuclei to the cosmic scales(including why the world goes round).  1, record 11, English, - cosmic%20scale

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Le système [d'échange d'énergie, de substances ou d'information] peut être vivant ou non, d'échelle microscopique, macroscopique ou cosmique. Les échanges de matière ou d'énergie sont indispensables aux êtres vivants.  1, record 11, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20cosmique

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Figure skating term(s).  1, record 12, English, - conservation%20momentum%20principle

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Terme(s) de patinage artistique.  1, record 12, French, - principe%20de%20la%20conservation%20du%20mouvement

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Figure skating term(s).  1, record 13, English, - Law%20of%20Conservation%20of%20Momentum

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Terme(s) de patinage artistique.  1, record 13, French, - Loi%20de%20la%20conservation%20de%20la%20quantit%C3%A9%20de%20mouvement

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Exact approach. This is based on the solution of the following set of governing equations with the appropriate boundary conditions :Conservation of mass... [, ] Conservation of momentum equation... [, ] Conservation of energy equation... [, ] and the equation of state....  1, record 14, English, - exact%20approach

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Source : GDEL, p. 2536, à Conservation.  1, record 15, French, - loi%20de%20conservation%20de%20la%20quantit%C3%A9%20de%20mouvement

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dictionnaire technique énergie Atomique du Canada Limitée, nov. 73 RA  1, record 16, French, - conservation%20de%20l%27impulsion%20d%27une%20particule

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