TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Actually, a given demand curve assumes that all of the variables that influence demand other than the price of the good are held constant. The assumption that all other things are constant is referred to as the ceteris paribus condition.  1, record 1, English, - ceteris%20paribus%20condition

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En général, plus le prix d'un bien est élevé, moindre sera la quantité demandée, ceteris paribus. Cette proposition fondamentale s'applique autant aux biens consommables qu'aux facteurs de production. Un consommateur achètera moins d'œufs, si le prix de ceux-ci est élevé que s'ils sont bas, toutes choses demeurant égales, notamment le revenu de ce consommateur et les prix des autres biens.  2, record 1, French, - principe%20ceteris%20paribus

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The curve resulting from plotting the concentration of dissolved oxygen against distance or time of flow in a river downstream from a source of pollution that has an oxygen demand.  2, record 2, English, - oxygen%2Dsag%20curve

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

oxygen sag curve: term and definition standardized by ISO.  1, record 2, English, - oxygen%2Dsag%20curve

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Courbe résultant du tracé de la chute de la concentration en oxygène dissous en fonction de la distance ou du temps d'écoulement du flux d'une rivière en aval d'une source de pollution ayant une demande chimique en oxygène.  2, record 2, French, - courbe%20en%20sac%20d%27oxyg%C3%A8ne%20dissous

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

courbe dite «en sac» : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  1, record 2, French, - courbe%20en%20sac%20d%27oxyg%C3%A8ne%20dissous

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Curva resultante al representar la concentración de oxígeno disuelto, en función de la distancia o el tiempo de flujo en un río que baja desde una fuente de contaminación que tiene una demanda de oxígeno.  1, record 2, Spanish, - curva%20SAG%20de%20ox%C3%ADgeno

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The algebraic sum of all individuals... [price compensating variations] regarded as consumers and suppliers of factors, is therefore approximately represented by the area between the demand curve and the corrected supply curve. Crude as this area is as an index of net gain in welfare arising from the introduction of X when all other goods are produced at constant costs, we are required by the Samuelson criterion to measure this social surplus for all conceivable welfare distributions.  2, record 3, English, - social%20surplus

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le surplus collectif s'obtient par la sommation des surplus partiels: [surplus des consommateurs et surplus des producteurs.] [...] si l'on admet l'hypothèse de répartition optimale des revenus et si l'on ne considère que les effets marchands de la décision supposée marginale (modification des quantités de biens et services produits et consommés), le surplus collectif, défini comme variation d'une fonction d'utilité collective est égal au supplément de biens et services disponibles sur le marché [...]  3, record 3, French, - surplus%20collectif

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The demand curves of all consumers in the market can be aggregated to obtain the market demand curve, showing the total amount of the good which consumers will wish to buy at each price.  2, record 4, English, - market%20demand%20curve

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

We sum individual demands at each price to end up finally with the market demand curve.  3, record 4, English, - market%20demand%20curve

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La courbe de demande sur le marché est obtenue en ajoutant les quantités de ce bien qui sont demandées par tous les consommateurs à chaque niveau de prix.  2, record 4, French, - courbe%20de%20demande%20du%20march%C3%A9

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(Kinked oligopoly demand] illustrates the "kinked" or "cornered" demand curve that economists postulate to explain rigid price behavior.  2, record 5, English, - kinked%20demand%20curve

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Reflète la rigidité des prix des oligopoleurs face à la réaction de ses concurrents en dépit de certaines modifications dans les coûts de production et dans les conditions de demande.  1, record 5, French, - courbe%20de%20demande%20coud%C3%A9e

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To indicate a single point on a demand curve, we speak of the "quantity bought" or "the quantity demanded" at a particular price.  1, record 6, English, - quantity%20demanded

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] lorsque la demande pour un produit s'est modifiée, ceci signifie que pour chaque niveau de prix potentiels, la quantité demandée est différente de ce qu'elle était auparavant. Mais un changement dans la quantité demandée ne peut se produire qu'à la condition qu'il y ait une variation dans le prix du produit [...]  1, record 6, French, - quantit%C3%A9%20demand%C3%A9e

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The firm's demand curve for any factor is given by its curve of marginal-revenue-product for that factor, a curve which declines because of(1) diminishing physical returns and(2) the downward slope of the MR8 curve that usually prevails under imperfect competition.  1, record 7, English, - curve%20of%20marginal%2Drevenue%2Dproduct

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A perfect-competitor is too small and unimportant to affect the market price. Like a wheat farmer, he is a "price taker" who can sell all he wishes to at the ruling market price. In terms of elasticity of demand, a perfect-competitor faces a(virtually) horizontal dd demand curve for his product-his elasticity of demand being infinite.  1, record 8, English, - perfect%2Dcompetitor

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

They must talk care not to confuse an increase in demand-by which is meant a shift of the whole curve to the right and upward, as more is now bought at each same price-with an increase in the quantity demanded as a result of moving to a lower price on the same demand curve.  1, record 9, English, - increase%20in%20the%20quantity%20demanded

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Figure 27-2 shows that the marginal-product curve of labor gives the dd demand curve of all employers in real wages... The population supply give us ss, and the equilibrium wage comes at E.  1, record 10, English, - marginal%2Dproduct%20curve%20of%20labor

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... We have already seen that a union may restrict the supply of labor in order to travel upward on the derived demand curve for labor.  1, record 11, English, - derived%20demand%20curve%20for%20labor

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

There are four main methods by which a union might hope to raise wages :(1)... reduce the supply of labor.(2)... use their collective bargaining power to raise standard wage rates directly.(3)... cause the derived demand curve for labor to shift upward.(4)... resist exploitation of laborers facing an employer with monopoly bargaining.  1, record 11, English, - derived%20demand%20curve%20for%20labor

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Since the demand for labor is a demand derived from the demand for business products, it is clear that any changes in general wages must shift the general demand curve for labor.  1, record 12, English, - demand%20curve%20for%20labor

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Movement of the demand curve to the right or left, as a result of changes in demand components other than the price of the good in question.  2, record 13, English, - demand%20shift

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

demand shift: term and definition reproduced from the CAPITAL Business Dictionary with the permission of LID Editorial Empresarial.  3, record 13, English, - demand%20shift

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mouvement de la courbe de demande vers la droite ou la gauche, résultat des changements survenus dans les composantes, hormis le prix du bien étudié.  2, record 13, French, - d%C3%A9placement%20de%20la%20demande

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

déplacement de la courbe de la demande : terme et définition extraits du CAPITAL Business Dictionary et reproduits avec l'autorisation de LID Editorial Empresarial.  4, record 13, French, - d%C3%A9placement%20de%20la%20demande

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Movimiento de la curva de la demanda hacia la derecha o hacia la izquierda, como consecuencia de cambios en sus componentes, excluyendo evidentemente el precio del bien considerado.  1, record 13, Spanish, - desplazamiento%20de%20la%20curva%20de%20la%20demanda

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

desplazamiento de la curva de la demanda: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  3, record 13, Spanish, - desplazamiento%20de%20la%20curva%20de%20la%20demanda

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A graph in which the load of a gas system or segment of a system is plotted against intervals of time; also a curve showing power (kilowatts) supplied, plotted against time of occurrence, and illustrating the varying magnitude of the load during the period covered.  4, record 14, English, - demand%20curve

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As is the case with the WECS/storage mode, this mode becomes more viable with increased WECS penetration, and in some locations it may be the preferred mode because of wind and load patterns.  3, record 14, English, - demand%20curve

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Représentation sous forme de graphique du changement de la charge en fonction du temps.  3, record 14, French, - diagramme%20de%20charge

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A "cornered" or "kinded" demand curve around an administered level of markup price... can help explain rigidity of oligopoly price...  1, record 15, English, - markup%20price

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les normes acceptées [pour la fixation des prix de transfert] sont fondées sur des méthodes traditionnelles, celles du prix comparable sur le marché libre [...] de la transaction sur le marché libre [...], du prix de revente moins le prix de revient et du prix de revient majoré, celle de la méthode transactionnelle de la marge nette et celle du partage des bénéfices.  1, record 15, French, - prix%20de%20revient%20major%C3%A9

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Method based on a hypothetical market and using survey techniques to determine the willingness of people to pay for a specific improvement in the environment, so as to estimate the shape of a hypothetical demand curve.  3, record 16, English, - contingent%20valuation%20method

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Contingent valuation methods (CVM) are being used increasingly; they employ a direct method of valuing benefits associated with parks and protected areas. The method consists of surveying selected populations to ask individuals what they are willing to pay (WTP) for the environmental good being assessed or what they are willing to accept as compensation (WTA) for the loss of the environmental good. The "environmental good" must be defined by the surveyor and frequently involves a bundle of goods such as access to a protected area (for compatible uses), specific recreational activities, or experiences associated with a visit to a protected area.  1, record 16, English, - contingent%20valuation%20method

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le but des méthodes économiques d'évaluation de l'environnement est de suppléer au marché en révélant les préférences des individus à travers un marché "vert", vrai ou hypothétique. Les unes travaillent directement, par exemple par questionnaire - c'est le cas de la Contingent Valuation Methode (CVM), ou méthode des "enchères". Les autres interviennent indirectement, c'est-à-dire par le biais de quelqu'autre révélateur des préférences, par exemple par le biais du prix de certains biens sur le marché dont l'environnement est considéré comme un attribut.  2, record 16, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20d%27%C3%A9valuation%20des%20contingences

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Équivalent formulé par analogie avec «closed-ended contingent valuation/évaluation des contingences en forme de gestion fermée» dans une enquête statistique.  1, record 16, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20d%27%C3%A9valuation%20des%20contingences

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... a table showing the different quantities of a good that people will--at any time and with other things held equal--want to buy at each different price. This relationship, when plotted on a diagram, is the demand curve.  2, record 17, English, - demand%20schedule

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A practice by retailers of over-pricing new goods when first placed on sale in order to sell as many of the items at the higher price before reducing the item to a lower price.  5, record 18, English, - market%2Dskimming%20pricing%20policy

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A skimming price policy tries to sell the top("skim the cream") of a market-the top of the demand curve-at a high price before aiming at more price-sensitive customers.  2, record 18, English, - market%2Dskimming%20pricing%20policy

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Élément de la politique de prix qui consiste, lors du lancement d'un nouveau produit, à vendre celui-ci à un prix élevé.  3, record 18, French, - %C3%A9cr%C3%A9mage%20du%20march%C3%A9

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Práctica que consiste en fijar un precio superior al que luego será habitual para obtener un beneficio extra en el momento de lanzar un producto, o mediante la introducción de pequeñas mejoras o diferencias que permiten atraer a clientes con poder adquisitivo superior.  1, record 18, Spanish, - desnatado

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

No hay que confundirlo con el ordeño.  1, record 18, Spanish, - desnatado

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 OBS

desnatado: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  2, record 18, Spanish, - desnatado

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are several technical methods which are related to CVM [contingent valuation methods] but which are increasingly viewed as distinct from CVM, called discrete choice methods. They are different from CVM in that "instead of eliciting willingness to pay for the environmental good or service in a specified "state", the [methods] offer respondents a series of choice tasks among hypothesized alternatives which describe a wider range of "states" by altering various levels of several attributes, among which price is merely one attribute". These are new methods and are not as well known or accepted as CVM approaches. Two of the emerging methods are titled-discrete choice modeling and discrete choice experiments(DCE). Discrete choice modeling is a technique used to derive a demand curve for an area based on different combinations of "discrete choices". A large sample is usually required to undertake this analysis where respondents are asked to select one choice("bundle of goods and services" related to the protected area with a price associated with it) over another choice. The results of this analysis produces a demand curve which can be used to estimate the value of benefits.  1, record 19, English, - discrete%20choice%20modeling

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Appliquées dans des centaines d'études à travers le monde anglo-saxon, mais relativement peu en France, les techniques de préférences déclarées ont connu un développement important lié à la fois aux avancées dans le domaine de la modélisation des choix discrets, à l'avènement des micro-ordinateurs portables et à l'impossibilité pour les systèmes d'information classiques transports (enquêtes structurelles, panels...), basés implicitement sur des préférences révélées et non sur les méthodes contingentes, d'apporter un éclairage sur de nouveaux biens ou services.  1, record 19, French, - mod%C3%A9lisation%20des%20choix%20discrets

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A consumer of electricity whose demand may be regulated in such a way that it contributes to flattening the load curve of the electricity supply network/system; an interruptible consumer is a particular case of a load-controlled consumer.  1, record 20, English, - load%2Dcontrolled%20consumer

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Consommateur d'énergie électrique dont on peut moduler la demande de puissance afin de le faire contribuer à la régularisation de la courbe de charge. Cas particulier : client interruptible.  1, record 20, French, - consommateur%20modulable

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Consumidor de energía eléctrica cuya demanda puede ser regulada de tal manera que contribuye a aplanar la curva de carga. Caso particular: abonado interrumpible.  1, record 20, Spanish, - abonado%20de%20consumo%20regulable

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Interest rate control is preferable when shocks to demand for money curve are the main source of perturbation.  2, record 21, English, - random%20disturbance

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(Conseil économique du Canada)  2, record 21, French, - perturbation%20al%C3%A9atoire

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The equilibrium rate of interest must in the short run take place at the intersection of the dd demand curve and ss short-run supply curve.  1, record 22, English, - equilibrium%20rate%20of%20interest

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A graphical presentation of a demand function showing how much of a commodity will be bought per unit of time at any given price.  2, record 23, English, - demand%20curve

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

courbe [qui] indique (...) les diverses quantités (...) d'un produit qui sont demandées à des prix différents de ce produit.  1, record 23, French, - courbe%20de%20demande

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

D.C.N. 1965  1, record 24, French, - diagramme%20de%20la%20demande%20en%20eau

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The schedule detailing the quantity of net national product that would be purchased at each general price level ...  3, record 25, English, - aggregate%20demand%20curve

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(...) le volume de l'emploi dans une économie dépend de la courbe d'offre globale et de la courbe de demande globale (...)  1, record 25, French, - courbe%20de%20demande%20globale

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) a few large sellers who together dominate the industry (...)  2, record 26, English, - oligopolist

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

the demand curve facing an individual seller in a oligopoly is a kinked one(...) An oligopolist must price at the market level in order to maximize profits.  3, record 26, English, - oligopolist

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[en régime de concurrence monopolistique] on ne retrouve pas ce sentiment d'interdépendance mutuelle qui prévalait entre les oligopoleurs.  2, record 26, French, - oligopoleur

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Factor demand curves are derived from commodity demand curves. An upward shift in the latter causes a similar upward shift in the former.  1, record 27, English, - factor%20demand%20curve

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Where the derived demand curve for a factor intersects its supply curve, the final equilibrium factor-price will be set.  1, record 28, English, - derived%20demand%20curve

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Just how do ration coupons work out in terms of supply and demand? Clearly, the OPS tries to issue just enough of them to lower the demand curve to d’d’, where supply and the new demand balance at the ceiling price. If too many coupons are issued, demand is still too far to the right and we encounter the old difficulties, but in lesser degree. If too few coupons are issued, stocks of sugar will pile up and P will fall below the ceiling price. This is the signal for liberalizing the sugar ration.  1, record 29, English, - ration%20coupon

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The firm's demand curve for any factor is given by its curve of marginal-revenue-product for that factor, a curve which declines because of(1) diminishing physical returns and(2) the downward slope of the MR curve that usually prevails under imperfect competition.  1, record 30, English, - diminishing%20physical%20returns

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Note that in the case of a rising supply curve, we now speak of an increase in P, rather than of a decrease in P as was done in the case of a sloping demand curve.  1, record 31, English, - downward%2Dsloping%20demand%20curve

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To indicate a single point or a demand curve, we speak of the "quantity bought" or the "quantity demanded" at a particular price.  1, record 33, English, - quantity%20bought

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) where the industry demand curve DD now lies it does not provide a big enough market to enable numerous firms to coexist at the efficient level of cooperation called for by the indicated cost curve. We shall still end up in some kind of monopoly or few-seller "oligopoly" situation.  1, record 34, English, - oligopoly%20situation

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The modern generation(...) has found that the exact way in which one measures utility is not particularly important to explain the price-quantity demand curve.  1, record 35, English, - price%2Dquantity%20demand%20curve

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The demand for capital is made up of its net productivity curve,(reckoned as a per cent per annum(... ].  1, record 36, English, - net%20productivity%20curve

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Factor demand curves are derived from commodity demand curves. An upward shift in the latter causes a similar upward shift in the former (...)  1, record 37, English, - commodity%20demand%20curve

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

backward bending demand/supply curve  1, record 38, English, - backward%20bending%20demand%2Dsupply%20curve

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish