TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Denaturing of inedible material is achieved by the addition of charcoal or another accepted denaturing agent(e. g. birkolene B) to the inedible material.  3, record 1, English, - denaturing%20agent

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The staining or the treatment of] the meat product to give it an appearance or characteristic such that it cannot be confused with an edible meat product.  1, record 2, English, - denaturation

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération consistant à badigeonner d'une teinture le produit de viande [...] ou à traiter un produit de viande de manière à lui donner un aspect ou des caractéristiques tels qu'il ne puisse être confondu avec un produit de viande comestible.  2, record 2, French, - d%C3%A9naturation

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The original structure of some proteins can be regenerated upon removal of the denaturing agent and restoration of conditions favouring the native state.  3, record 3, English, - denaturing%20agent

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les agents qui provoquent la dénaturation d'une protéine sont appelés agents dénaturants. Les agents physiques (chaleur) et chimiques (détergents, solvants organiques, pH, force ionique) sont distingués.  1, record 3, French, - agent%20d%C3%A9naturant

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[The process of] modifying the molecular structure of a protein.  1, record 4, English, - denaturation

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Denaturation involves the breaking of many of the weak linkages, or bonds (e.g. hydrogen bonds), within a protein molecule that are responsible for the highly ordered structure of the protein in its natural (native) state. Denatured proteins have a looser, more random structure; most are insoluble.  1, record 4, English, - denaturation

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En biochimie, la dénaturation est une altération de la structure moléculaire d'une protéine qui rend celle-ci non fonctionnelle. Elle est un changement structurel des protéines ou des acides nucléiques où ils perdent leur structure native et, de cette manière, leur fonctionnement optimal et modifient parfois leurs propriétés physico-chimiques.  1, record 4, French, - d%C3%A9naturation

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Whereas Regulation(EEC) No 2049/69 provides for two methods of fixing the denaturing premium, either a uniform manner for the entire community, or by means of a tendering procedure; where the detailed rules for this procedure may, for the most part, be modelled... in respect of invitations to tender to determine export refunds on sugar...  2, record 5, English, - denaturing%20premium

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Union européenne.  1, record 5, French, - prime%20%C3%A0%20la%20d%C3%A9naturation

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

prime à la dénaturation : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’agriculture» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 5, French, - prime%20%C3%A0%20la%20d%C3%A9naturation

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

High-resolution HLA-DRB [human leucocyte antigen-5, 6-dichloro-furanosyl-benzimidazole riboside] typing is required for bone marrow transplantation between unrelated donors and recipients and also for identification of novel HLA-DRB alleles. Here we describe a method for the unambiguous identification of HLA-DRB alleles using the polymerase chain reaction(PCR), denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis(DGGE) and direct sequencing.  1, record 6, English, - denaturing%20gradient%20gel%20electrophoresis

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Método de electroforesis para separar fragmentos de ADN del mismo tamaño en función de su secuencia.  1, record 6, Spanish, - electroforesis%20en%20gel%20desnaturalizante%20en%20gradiente

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Differential Display(DD)... and a conceptually similar technique, arbitrarily primed PCR fingerprinting of RNA(APPCR) 19, both PCR amplify subsets of an mRNA population and separate the resulting cDNAs by denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Since the introduction of DD in 1992, over 100 reports regarding improvements and/or successful applications have been published. Although DD has the appearance of being technically easy, the road from "band on the gel" to a positive can be treacherous as outlined in a recent commentary. The primary criticisms are(1) a high false positive rate,(2) questioned ability of DD to identify both abundant and rare mRNAs,(3) coding regions of mRNAs are usually not cloned, and(4) verification process is time consuming and usually requires a fair amount of RNA.  5, record 7, English, - differential%20display

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En 1992, deux chercheurs du Dana Farber Cancer Institute de Boston (États-Unis), P. Liang et AB Pardee, présentent une nouvelle méthode, le «differential display» (DD) - ou DDRT-PCR (DD reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) qui permet une étude directe des modifications de l'expression génique [...] P. Liang et AB Pardee ont démontré que la combinaison d'amorces arbitraires et d'amorces spécifiques des ARNm permet de générer un set de fragments d'ADNc représentatifs des ARNm d'une cellule. Dans des conditions appropriées, le profil des fragments dérivés d'un type cellulaire est reproductible et peut être comparé à celui des fragments d'un autre type cellulaire. L'étude directe de l'expression différentielle des gènes devient possible.  2, record 7, French, - technique%20du%20DD

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Outil d'expression génique.  1, record 7, French, - technique%20du%20DD

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Método para identificar ARNm que se encuentra a diferentes concentraciones en diferentes tejidos o en respuesta a tratamientos específicos.  1, record 7, Spanish, - visualizaci%C3%B3n%20diferencial

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Los ARNm se convierte a ADNc; una determinada proporción de estos ADNc se amplifican por la reacción en cadena de la polimerasa y se separan por electroforesis.  1, record 7, Spanish, - visualizaci%C3%B3n%20diferencial

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A poisonous white crystalline polycyclic alkaloid which is derived from the seeds of nux vomica and closely related plants, is used in denaturing alcohol, as a lubricant additive, in the separation of racemic mixtures and which has been used to separate enantiomeric acids.  4, record 8, English, - brucine

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dimethoxystrychnine: incomplete name.  2, record 8, English, - brucine

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: C₂₃H₂₆N₂O₄  4, record 8, English, - brucine

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Alcaloïde extrait surtout des graines de Strychnos nux-vomica L. [servant] à dédoubler les composés racémiques, à dénaturer l'alcool et les huiles.  4, record 8, French, - brucine

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formule chimique : C₂₃H₂₆N₂O₄  5, record 8, French, - brucine

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A colorless liquid... obtained by condensation of two molecules of acetaldehyde and used in organic synthesis and in denaturing alcohol.  3, record 9, English, - 3%2Dhydroxybutanal

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

3-hydroxybutanal: form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  1, record 9, English, - 3%2Dhydroxybutanal

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Chemical formula: CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CHO or CH₃-CHOH-CH₂-CHO  4, record 9, English, - 3%2Dhydroxybutanal

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Le plus simple des aldols CH₃-CHOH-CH₂-CHO.  5, record 9, French, - 3%2Dhydroxybutanal

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

3-hydroxybutanal : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 9, French, - 3%2Dhydroxybutanal

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[...] important intermédiaire industriel, précurseur du butanol et du butadiène.  6, record 9, French, - 3%2Dhydroxybutanal

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Formule chimique : CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CHO ou CH₃-CHOH-CH₂-CHO  7, record 9, French, - 3%2Dhydroxybutanal

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fórmula química : CH₃CH(OH)CH₂CHO o CH₃-CHOH-CH₂-CHO  2, record 9, Spanish, - acetaldol

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme composed of identical subunits or unlike subunits.  2, record 10, English, - oligomeric%20enzyme

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Oligomeric enzymes are usually dissociated into subunits by treatment with denaturing agents such as guanidine hydrochloride. The forces involved in the association of the subunits are thus of the weak, non-covalent type which are involved in stabilizing the folded structure of a polypeptide chain i. e. hydrogen bonds, electrostatic forces, van der Waals forces, and hydrophobic forces.  3, record 10, English, - oligomeric%20enzyme

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Many investigators in the late sixties questioned the very existence of uneven numbered oligomers. However, by now we know of well-defined cases for trimeric enzymes.... Pentameric enzymes are rare, whereas no heptamer has so far been found. It is therefore justifiable to say that even-numbered oligomers are much more common than those having an uneven number of protomers, but the latter also exist.... Very few true oligomeric enzymes contain ten, twelve or more subunits.  1, record 10, English, - oligomeric%20enzyme

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme [...] formé de plusieurs chaînes (ou sous-unités) identiques ou différentes. Lorsque les enzymes comprennent des sous-unités identiques, chacune des chaînes est bien entendu porteuse d'un centre actif : un enzyme tétramérique a 4 centres actifs. Dans cette catégorie d'enzymes [...] on trouve les enzymes allostériques (qui représentent 10-20 % des enzymes à structure quaternaire).  1, record 10, French, - enzyme%20oligom%C3%A8re

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans le modèle de Monod, Wyman et Changeux, l'enzyme oligomère peut prendre deux états conformationnels différents : R et T dans lesquels, toutes les sous-unités changent leur conformation d'une façon concertée. Les deux états sont en équilibre. En l'absence de substrat, la plus grande partie des molécules de l'enzyme prennent l'état T. Puisque le substrat se lie de préférence à l'état R, l'addition du substrat déplace l'équilibre vers cet état R. De cette façon, la liaison des premières molécules du substrat favorise la liaison de celles qui suivent, étant donné que plus de molécules enzymatiques prennent l'état R.  2, record 10, French, - enzyme%20oligom%C3%A8re

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The factors which contribute to the irreversible denaturation of soluble enzymes(aggregation, autolysis, etc.) are different from the factors likely to be responsible for irreversible denaturation of proteins... As a rule, denaturation of enzymes induced by elevated temperature, extreme pH values, or organic solvents can only be irreversible as a result of secondary processes, e. g., aggregation, chemical modification of functional groups, autolysis or degradation induced by admixtures of other enzymes, or breakage of the native disulphide bonds.... It is likely that the denatured immobilized enzyme may adopt an incorrect conformation upon removal of the denaturing conditions. In these circumstances it is proposed that subsequent denaturation and renaturation under controlled conditions may permit the immobilized enzyme to refold and renature to the correct conformation.  2, record 11, English, - irreversible%20denaturation

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'énergie nécessaire pour faire apparaître l'inactivation est très élevée, ce qui est interprété par la nécessité de rompre simultanément plusieurs liaisons pour déterminer une inactivation irréversible. La courbe d'activité de l'enzyme en fonction de la température est donc composite (en forme de cloche) : le sommet expérimental de cette courbe représente en fait un domaine d'instabilité entre dénaturation réversible et dénaturation irréversible, si bien qu'il n'y a pas de température optimale pour une réaction enzymatique.  1, record 11, French, - d%C3%A9naturation%20irr%C3%A9versible

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nonionic detergent used to dissolve cytoplasmic membranes without denaturing protein, as well as to break up hydrophobic protein aggregates.  2, record 12, English, - Triton%20X%2D100

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It is also used as gelling agent in liquid scintillation counting of radioactive compounds.  2, record 12, English, - Triton%20X%2D100

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Triton X-100 is a trademark.  3, record 12, English, - Triton%20X%2D100

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Détergent non ionique utilisé pour solubiliser les membranes cellulaires afin de pouvoir extraire les protéines qu'elles contiennent.  2, record 12, French, - Triton%20X%20100

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

LKB Macrophor DNA/RNA Sequencing System : For sequencing of DNA and RNA. New separation techniques involve the generation of a set of oligonucleotides having one end in common and differing in length in steps of one nucleotide, followed by electrophoretic separation of the oligonucleotides in a denaturing polyacrylamide gel.  1, record 14, English, - DNA%2FRNA%20sequencing%20system

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Système séquenceur d'ADN/ARN Macrophor LKB : Des nouvelles techniques de séparation impliquent la génération d'un ensemble d'oligonucléotides ayant une extrémité en commun et différant en longueur en phases d'un nucléotide, suivi d'une séparation électrophorétique d'oligonucléotides dans un gel de polyacrylamide dénaturé.  1, record 14, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20s%C3%A9quenceur%20d%27ADN%2FARN

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish