TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Proteus syndrome is a rare condition characterized by overgrowth of the bones, skin, and other tissues. Organs and tissues affected by the disease grow out of proportion to the rest of the body. The overgrowth is usually asymmetric …  2, record 1, English, - Proteus%20syndrome

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Because Proteus syndrome is caused by AKT1 gene mutations that occur during early development, the disorder is not inherited and does not run in families.  2, record 1, English, - Proteus%20syndrome

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le syndrome de Protée est une maladie rare caractérisée par une croissance importante des os, de la peau et d'autres tissus. Les organes et les tissus affectés par cette pathologie se trouvent d'une taille disproportionnée par rapport au reste du corps. Cette grosseur anormale de certains organes et/ou tissus est généralement asymétrique.  2, record 1, French, - syndrome%20de%20Prot%C3%A9e

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le syndrome de Protée est une maladie génétique, il est la conséquence d'une mutation au niveau du gène AKT1. Cette maladie n'est cependant pas héréditaire, car non transmise à la descendance.  2, record 1, French, - syndrome%20de%20Prot%C3%A9e

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Somatic cell nuclear transfer-mediated cloning requires reprogramming of the genome from a differentiated cell to allow it to drive embryogenesis. This results in some degree of altered gene expression, especially early in the life of the cloned individual.  2, record 2, English, - somatic%20cell%20nuclear%20transfer%2Dmediated%20cloning

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The "knockout" process involves modifying genes in cells called embryonic stem cells. Stem cells are pluripotent, which means that after the embryo stage, they divide and form many different kinds of cells in the body. Scientists interested in examining a specific gene remove or "knock out" the gene in an embryonic stem cell, then put the cell into a recently fertilized embryo. Timing is important. It is best to do this early when the embryo has only a small number of cells.  1, record 3, English, - gene%20knockout%20technique

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Proteins are degraded on a time scale that ranges from minutes to days. Maintenance of memories that may last a lifetime requires more stable alterations, such as those associated with persistent changes in gene expression. A recently discovered family of genes called immediate early genes(IEGs), which are activated rapidly by brief bursts of action potentials, may provide a crucial link. As expected of master switches that initiate long-term changes in the brain, IEGs encode transcription factors, proteins that regulate the expression of other genes.  1, record 4, English, - immediate%20early%20gene

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Comme les protéines sont rapidement dégradées (en quelques jours, parfois même en quelques minutes), la conservation de souvenirs qui perdurent la vie entière requiert des modifications plus stables, comme celles qui sont associées à des changements de l'expression des gènes. La récente découverte d'une famille de gènes, nommés gènes précoces immédiats, qui sont activés rapidement par de brèves rafales de potentiels d'action, pourrait être fondamentale; fonctionnant comme des commutateurs principaux qui déclenchent des changements à long terme dans le cerveau, les gènes précoces immédiats codent des facteurs de transcription des protéines qui régulent l'expression d'autres gènes.  1, record 4, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20pr%C3%A9coce%20imm%C3%A9diat

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gen viral que se expresa inmediatamente después de la infección.  1, record 4, Spanish, - gen%20temprano%20inmediato

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gene expressed during early development.  2, record 5, English, - early%20gene

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In T4 bacteriophage, genetic element that functions in the period of phage infection before the start of DNA replication.  2, record 5, English, - early%20gene

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gène viral transcrit au début de l'infection cellulaire. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR et reproduite avec son autorisation.]  2, record 5, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20pr%C3%A9coce

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gène précoce : terme normalisé par l'AFNOR et publié au Journal officiel de la République française le 22 septembre 2000.  3, record 5, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20pr%C3%A9coce

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Bcg/Ity/Lsh locus is a major gene controlling early phases of infection with intracellular parasites in mice. Natural resistance associated macrophage protein 1(Nramp1) has been shown to be the Bcg gene in mice. Analysis of a bovine cDNA homolog of murine Nramp1, designated as bovine NRAMP1, predicted a 548-amino-acid protein with hydrophobic domains, an amino-terminal SH3-binding domain, and a conserved consensus transport motif. Northern blotting indicated that bovine NRAMP1 was expressed primarily in macrophages and tissues of the recticuloendothelial system.  3, record 6, English, - natural%20resistance%20associated%20macrophage%20protein%201

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le gène NRAMP1 (natural resistance associated macrophage protein 1) code pour une protéine intégrale des cellules phagocytaires professionnelles, macrophages et granulocytes, localisée dans la membrane de leurs phagosomes. Il participe à la résistance naturelle aux infections: en son absence, ou lorsqu'il est muté, la croissance des parasites intracellulaires, Mycobacterium, leishamania, Salmonelles [...] n'est plus contrôlée.  1, record 6, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20NRAMP1

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A protein produced by the nef gene.  3, record 7, English, - nef%20protein

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A regulatory gene expressed in the early phase [of HIV infection] is called nef. Until quite recently, it was believed that nef's role was to suppress transcription, but new experiments have cast doubt on that interpretation. Nef protein may somehow modify the cell to make it more suitable for manufacturing HIV virions later. In any event, it now appears that production of nef protein is required for the development of AIDS, a finding that could be important if a way can be found to block its action.  4, record 7, English, - nef%20protein

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nef: negative factor.  5, record 7, English, - nef%20protein

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La protéine nef ou p27, anciennement désignée par p27-3'orf, produite par le gène nef, n'est pas retrouvée dans le virus mais dans les cellules infectées, exerce un effet inhibiteur (régulateur négatif) mais couplée à d'autres systèmes de régulation; elle agirait au niveau de la LTR sur une zone de régulation négative (NRE ou negative regulatory element); nef jouerait plus un rôle d'anti-activateur que de répression du V.I.H. L'absence de production de protéine nef serait corrélée avec l'augmentation de la cythogénécité in vitro.  3, record 7, French, - prot%C3%A9ine%20nef

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Adeno-associated virus(AAV) is unique in the viral world because it has never been shown to have any pathogenic effects in humans, and most of the population has been exposed to AAV early in life. This recommends it as a vehicle for gene therapy. And, during the past five years or so, interest has widened in the development of AAV vectors for gene delivery.  3, record 8, English, - adeno%2Dassociated%20virus

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Virus icosaédrique [20 faces] d'un diamètre de 21,8 nm, dont la multiplication est dépendante de la présence d'adénovirus.  4, record 8, French, - virus%20associ%C3%A9%20aux%20ad%C3%A9novirus

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Seul un groupe a rapporté l'utilisation des AAV (adeno-associated virus) : cela reflète le peu de travaux effectivement réalisés avec ces virus dont les possibilités d'intégration cellulaire et les propriétés ne sont pas encore bien connues.  1, record 8, French, - virus%20associ%C3%A9%20aux%20ad%C3%A9novirus

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

AAV : Bien que cette abréviation soit largement utilisée en français, on recommande l'abréviation «VAA» qui correspond au terme français «virus adéno-associé».  5, record 8, French, - virus%20associ%C3%A9%20aux%20ad%C3%A9novirus

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Spider lamb syndrome is a heritable congenital abnormality caused by a recessive gene that produces a range of skeletal deformities in lambs. The problem, which seem to have been first observed in the early 1970's, became a topic of serious concern to breeders in the early and middle 1980's. Many of the most popular bloodlines in the Suffolk and Hampshire breeds seemingly carried this damaging gene. Sheep which had tracings in their pedigrees to suspected carriers of this gene were said "grey" pedigrees, whereas those sheep which had no apparent incidence of carriers in their pedigrees were designated as "white pedigreed" sheep.  5, record 9, English, - spider%20syndrome

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Ovine hereditary chondrodysplasia, commonly called Spider Lamb Syndrome (SLS), is a recessive genetic disorder causing skeletal deformities in young lambs. Common features include abnormally long, bent limbs and curvature of the spine.  3, record 9, English, - spider%20syndrome

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Goal of Gene Therapy for Cystic Fibrosis... Gene therapy offers the best hope for a life-saving treatment which tackles the root cause of cystic fibrosis(CF), rather than only treating the symptoms... These early trials test the safety and efficiency of the adenovirus delivery system. Patients are monitored to detect whether the normal CF gene has turned on. If so, the gene will produce a normal protein that is vital to the health of cells lining the respiratory tract.  3, record 10, English, - Cystic%20Fibrosis%20gene

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gène de la mucoviscidose localisé sur le bras du chromosome 7.  1, record 10, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20CF

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grâce aux "enzyme de restriction", ciseaux moléculaires permettant de découper l'ADN en fragments, et aux "marqueurs" courtes séquences de nucléotides servant de point d'attaque aux enzymes de restriction, l'équipe de Lap-Chee Tsui, de concert avec Collaborative Research Inc. de Boston, réussit d'abord à restreindre la recherche du gène, baptisé gène CF (pour cystic Fibrosis, dénomination anglaise de la mucoviscidose), à moins de 1% de tout le matériel génétique. C'était en octobre 1985. Un mois plus tard, la même équipe annonce que le gène CF est localisé dans le bras long du chromosome 7. La région en question est formée d'environ un million de bases nucléotidiques.  1, record 10, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20CF

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La protéine du gène CF a été baptisée CFTR (Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Conductance Regulator).  2, record 10, French, - g%C3%A8ne%20CF

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Most mutant genes are recessive with respect to wild-type genes. This fact, puzzling to early geneticists, is now partially understood in terms of the gene-enzyme relation. The recessive phenotype often results from the failure of mutant genes to produce any functional protein(enzyme). In heterozygotes, however, there is always present one "good" gene, and correspondingly, a number of good gene products. Control mechanisms cause the wild-type gene in a heterozygote to produce more gene products than does each wild-type gene in a homozygote.  1, record 11, English, - gene%20product

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est très vraisemblable que le fonctionnement de telles horloges biologiques dépend aussi de l'apparition de facteurs de spécificité de fonctionner. De tels facteurs fournissent le moyen le plus direct pour limiter la synthèse de protéines spécifiques à une période particulière du cycle de la vie. L'intervention d'un tel facteur est déjà connue pour le bactériophage T4 chez qui il existe au moins un gène produisant une substance inhibant le fonctionnement d'un facteur sigma d'E. coli.  1, record 11, French, - produit%20g%C3%A9nique

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ill health and death early in life are more likely to be the result of genetic factors(frequently single gene determined).  1, record 12, English, - single%20gene%20determined

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish