TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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The all-solid-state battery(ASSB) is considered a disruptive concept which increases the safety, performance and energy density compared to current lithium-ion battery cell technologies. By eliminating the need for liquid electrolyte, it also allows the implementation of completely new cell concept ideas and integration strategies.  2, record 1, English, - all%2Dsolid%2Dstate%20battery

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Batterie d'accumulateurs électrochimiques dont tous les éléments, y compris l'électrolyte, sont à l'état solide.  6, record 1, French, - batterie%20tout%2Dsolide

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Il est à noter que l'on trouve aussi des batteries entièrement solides ([lithium]-métal-polymère) qui [...] recourent au lithium à l'état métallique.  7, record 1, French, - batterie%20tout%2Dsolide

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La batterie tout-solide est moins sujette aux incendies ou aux explosions qu'une batterie à électrolyte liquide.  6, record 1, French, - batterie%20tout%2Dsolide

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batteries tout-solide; batteries toutes solides : pluriel.  8, record 1, French, - batterie%20tout%2Dsolide

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batterie tout-solide; batterie à électrolyte solide; BES : désignations et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 12 décembre 2024.  8, record 1, French, - batterie%20tout%2Dsolide

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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Hydrogen drones utilize hydrogen fuel cells for power. Hydrogen must be free of other elements and stored under high pressure to be a viable power source. Hydrogen is then converted within the fuel cell by mixing it with oxygen, and the byproduct is then removed with water. This process affords better energy density in comparison to battery drones. As a result, hydrogen drones can stay airborne for hours.  1, record 2, English, - hydrogen%20drone

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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Un drone à hydrogène peut voler trois fois plus longtemps qu'un drone à batterie classique et peut également transporter des charges plus lourdes.  2, record 2, French, - drone%20%C3%A0%20hydrog%C3%A8ne

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Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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Alcohol-related cerebellar degeneration is one of the commonest causes of acquired cerebellar ataxia. The pathophysiology remains unclear but proposed mechanisms include excitotoxicity, dietary factors, oxidative stress, compromised energy production and cell death.  2, record 3, English, - alcohol%2Dinduced%20cerebellar%20degeneration

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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If adequately designed, concentrated light increases the efficiency of the semiconducting cell, which also benefits from reduced thermal constraints, leading to greater energy yields...  2, record 4, English, - semiconducting%20cell

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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Un détecteur de gaz relève d'une technologie plus complexe (cellule semi-conductrice) que celle des détecteurs de fumée (cellule optique).  2, record 4, French, - cellule%20semi%2Dconductrice

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Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The tendency of an electrochemical cell or battery to gradually lose stored energy when not in use.  2, record 5, English, - self%2Ddischarge

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If a battery is allowed to stand idle for a long period of time, it will slowly self-discharge. This condition is brought about by internal chemical reactions between the battery materials.  3, record 5, English, - self%2Ddischarge

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self-discharge: term officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick).  4, record 5, English, - self%2Ddischarge

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Décharge d'un accumulateur chargé [...] due aux processus chimiques internes.  4, record 5, French, - d%C3%A9charge%20naturelle

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

autodécharge; décharge spontanée : termes uniformisés par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick).  5, record 5, French, - d%C3%A9charge%20naturelle

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Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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A solar cell consisting of p and n silicon layers placed one above the other to form a pn junction at which radiant energy is converted into electricity.  3, record 6, English, - silicon%20solar%20cell

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Photopile utilisant le silicium comme matériau semiconducteur.  2, record 6, French, - photopile%20au%20silicium

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Dans la photopile au silicium, du point de vue technologique, on réalise la jonction p-N en faisant diffuser du bore (impureté «acceptrice») dans une plaquette monocristalline de silicium dopée au phosphore (impureté «donatrice») de type N, de telle sorte qu'il se constitue sur l'une des faces une couche p de quelques microns d'épaisseur.  4, record 6, French, - photopile%20au%20silicium

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Photopile : Dispositif utilisant l'effet photovoltaïque, qui convertit directement en électricité une partie de l'énergie du rayonnement du soleil ou d'une autre source de lumière.  5, record 6, French, - photopile%20au%20silicium

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The exergonic metabolic processes in living cells by which molecular oxygen is taken in, organic substances are oxidized, free energy is released, and carbon dioxide, water, and other oxidized products are given off by the cell.  3, record 7, English, - cellular%20respiration

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The most efficient way for cells to harvest energy stored in food is through cellular respiration, a catabolic pathway for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). ATP, a high energy molecule, is expended by working cells. Cellular respiration occurs in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. There are three main stages of cellular respiration: glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and electron transport.  4, record 7, English, - cellular%20respiration

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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La respiration cellulaire est une réaction de combustion, ayant lieu dans les mitochondries des cellules, qui permet de transformer le glucose en énergie qui sera utilisée par les cellules pour accomplir leurs diverses activités. On peut aussi dire qu'il s'agit de la réaction inverse de la photosynthèse.  2, record 7, French, - respiration%20cellulaire

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Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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If we understood this mode of cell death, we could follow the path of radiation injury from the absorption of radiation energy in the various molecular species of the cell to the immediate biochemical lesions and, eventually, to the death of the cell.  2, record 8, English, - biochemical%20injury

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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Il existe d'une part les maladies neurologiques qui correspondent à des lésions du système nerveux, comme certaines épilepsies et la maladie de Parkinson, et d'autre part, les troubles psychiques, comme la dépression ou plutôt les nombreuses formes de dépression pour lesquelles aucune lésion biochimique n'a jamais été démontrée chez l'homme.  2, record 8, French, - l%C3%A9sion%20biochimique

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In bacterial conjugation, the transfer of the bacterial genetic material and of the conjugon as linked elements. Conjugons have three functions : 1. determine the surface properties and synthetic abilities which lead the formation of effective contacts between conjugation partners; 2. mobilize the "genote" to be transferred from donor to recipient; 3. provide the immediate energy source necessary for the transfer of chromosomal material. Conjugons are transferable from cell to cell by transduction via bacteriophage as well as by bacterial conjugation.  1, record 9, English, - conduction

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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On appelle mâle Hfr, ou super-mâle, une bactérie où le facteur F est inséré dans le chromosome parce que, dans ce cas, la fréquence de transmission des marqueurs chromosomiques est accrue. Hfr signifie haute fréquence de recombinaison. Lorsque le chromosome est ouvert par le facteur F, l'une des extrémités est celle par laquelle commence la pénétration dans la bactérie femelle du chromosome qui porte toute la séquence des caractères génétiques.  1, record 9, French, - transmission

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Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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Since the conversion of the fuel to energy takes place via an electrochemical process, not combustion, a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is a zero-emissions vehicle that only emits water and heat as its waste products.  2, record 10, English, - hydrogen%20fuel%20cell%20vehicle

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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Puisque la conversion du combustible en énergie se fait par procédé électrochimique, et non par combustion, un véhicule à pile à hydrogène n’émet aucune émission; ses seuls déchets sont de l'eau et la chaleur.  2, record 10, French, - v%C3%A9hicule%20%C3%A0%20pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible%20hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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Sphelar cells are solidified silicon drops measuring 1. 8 mm in diameter and are highly transparent, which is advantageous for a number of reasons. They can be embedded in glass to create a transparent solar cell window, capable of absorbing light from any direction or angle. Because both sides of the glass can collect light, this should translate into highly efficient energy harvesting.  1, record 11, English, - sphelar%20cell

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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Une société japonaise a mis au point un prototype de textile constitué de cellules photovoltaïques sphériques. Cette innovation pourrait déboucher sur des vêtements capables de générer de l’électricité lorsqu’ils sont exposés à la lumière. Ces nouveaux textiles seraient même efficaces sans avoir besoin de faire directement face aux rayons du jour, contrairement aux panneaux solaires habituels, puisque leur forme leur permet de récolter des photons en provenance de toutes les directions.  2, record 11, French, - cellule%20photovolta%C3%AFque%20sph%C3%A9rique

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Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The quotient of the discharged energy and the necessary energy to fully charge a cell.  2, record 12, English, - watt%2Dhour%20efficiency

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport de l'énergie utilisée pendant la décharge, à celle qui a été dépensée pendant la charge, aux bornes de la batterie.  1, record 12, French, - rendement%20en%20%C3%A9nergie

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Relación entre la energía eléctrica que puede suministrar el acumulador eléctrico en la descarga y la que requiere en la carga.  1, record 12, Spanish, - rendimiento%20en%20energ%C3%ADa

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A cell in which chemical change is the source of electric energy, [usually consisting] of two dissimilar conductors in contact with each other and with an electrolyte, or of two similar conductors in contact with each other and with dissimilar electrolytes.  3, record 13, English, - galvanic%20cell

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Celda electrolítica que suministra energía eléctrica mediante reacciones electroquímicas.  1, record 13, Spanish, - celda%20galv%C3%A1nica

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A galvanic cell, or two or more such cells electrically connected to produce energy.  2, record 14, English, - galvanic%20battery

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Combinaison d'électrodes différentes montées en série avec un conducteur ionique.  1, record 14, French, - pile%20galvanique

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pile galvanique : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  2, record 14, French, - pile%20galvanique

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An enzymatic transformation of organic substrates, especially carbohydrates, generally accompanied by the evolution of gas ...  2, record 15, English, - fermentation

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Per unit of substrate, fermentation yields far less energy than respiration. For example, a yeast cell obtains 2 molecules of ATP per molecule of glucose when it ferments it to ethanol, while complete respiration would yield 38 molecules of ATP.  3, record 15, English, - fermentation

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pasteur’s definition of fermentation as "life without air" is not strictly observed because, in addition to anaerobic processes, some aerobic ones, such as acetic acid fermentation, are called fermentation.  3, record 15, English, - fermentation

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Transformation que subissent certaines substances organiques, notamment les sucres, sous l'influence d'enzymes produites par divers micro-organismes.  2, record 15, French, - fermentation

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fermentation : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation de la terminologie des pêches commerciales.  3, record 15, French, - fermentation

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proceso anaerobio mediante el cual algunos organismos descomponen substancias orgánicas con liberación de energía.  2, record 15, Spanish, - fermentaci%C3%B3n

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A ribonucleoside 5’-triphosphate functioning as a phosphate-group donor in the cell energy cycle.  4, record 16, English, - adenosine%20triphosphate

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

ATP functions as the major corner of chemical energy in the cells of all living species. ATP can transfer its energy to certain other biomolecules, and in doing so, its terminal phosphate group is detached; the energy-rich ATP molecule thus becomes the energy-depleted adenosine diphosphate (ASP).  4, record 16, English, - adenosine%20triphosphate

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nucléotide à trois molécules d'acide phosphorique.  2, record 16, French, - ad%C3%A9nosine%20triphosphate

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ATP contient une base azotée purique : l'adénine, et un sucre : le ribose. C'est un des corps les plus importants du métabolisme cellulaire. Il joue le rôle de transporteur d'énergie qui est accumulée au niveau des liaisons phosphates.  2, record 16, French, - ad%C3%A9nosine%20triphosphate

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nucleótido trifosfato que se compone de [...] adenina y ribosa, como ß-D-ribofuranosa y tres grupos fosfato.  2, record 16, Spanish, - trifosfato%20de%20adenosina

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Combined hybrid. Combined hybrid systems have features of both series and parallel hybrids. They incorporate power-split devices allowing for power paths from the engine to the wheels that can be either mechanical or electrical. The main principle behind this system is the decoupling of the power supplied by the engine ... from the power demanded by the driver.  8, record 17, English, - series%2Dparallel%20hybrid%20vehicle

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In a series hybrid-electric vehicle all energy supplied by the non-reversible source(combustion engine or fuel cell) is converted into electricity. The wheels are always driven by the electric motor... In a parallel hybrid-electric vehicle most of the mechanical energy supplied by the combustion engine is transferred to the wheels by a mechanical transmission. In addition or alternatively... the wheels are also driven by the electric motor... A combined hybrid combines characteristics of the two configurations described above.  9, record 17, English, - series%2Dparallel%20hybrid%20vehicle

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hybride à dérivation de puissance : [...] La puissance délivrée par le moteur thermique suit deux chemins distincts : l'un mécanique, l'autre électrique [...] Comme dans le cas de l'hybride parallèle, cette architecture offre la possibilité d'un mode de fonctionnement 100 % électrique.  5, record 17, French, - v%C3%A9hicule%20hybride%20%C3%A0%20configuration%20mixte

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

hybride série/parallèle : Ce terme est plus ou moins approprié pour désigner la notion dont il est question, car l'élément «série/parallèle» devrait qualifier le type de configuration des moteurs et non le véhicule lui-même.  1, record 17, French, - v%C3%A9hicule%20hybride%20%C3%A0%20configuration%20mixte

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Según la configuración del motor, los vehículos híbridos pueden subdividirse en vehículos híbridos en serie, vehículos híbridos en paralelo y vehículos híbridos en serie-paralelo.  4, record 17, Spanish, - veh%C3%ADculo%20h%C3%ADbrido%20en%20serie%2Dparalelo

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Hybrid electric vehicles... are vehicles that use two sources of motive energy, electrical and mechanical, to propel the vehicle.... In a series configuration, the internal combustion engine, turbine, or fuel cell is used to generate electricity to charge the batteries, flywheel, or ultracapacitor. The drivetrain is powered solely from the motor connected to the electrical storage device.  1, record 18, English, - series%20hybrid%20vehicle

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les véhicules électriques hybrides (VÉH) comprennent généralement un moteur à combustion interne, un moteur électrique, un générateur et un bloc-batterie. [...] Les moteurs et les blocs-batteries peuvent être montés en parallèle, en série ou dans une disposition combinant les deux configurations. [...] Dans un groupe motopropulseur hybride en série [...] le moteur à combustion interne fournit de l'énergie au générateur, qui charge à son tour le bloc-batterie afin d'activer le moteur électrique qui fait tourner les roues. Ce système a l'avantage principal de permettre au véhicule de fonctionner essentiellement comme un véhicule électrique, sans utiliser le moteur à combustion en conduite urbaine. Il en résulte une réduction des émissions du véhicule.  2, record 18, French, - v%C3%A9hicule%20hybride%20%C3%A0%20configuration%20en%20s%C3%A9rie

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Híbridos en serie. El motor de combustión proporciona movimiento a un generador que o carga las baterías o directamente suministra la potencia al sistema de propulsión (motor eléctrico).  1, record 18, Spanish, - veh%C3%ADculo%20h%C3%ADbrido%20en%20serie

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Según la configuración del motor, los vehículos híbridos pueden subdividirse en vehículos híbridos en serie, vehículos híbridos en paralelo y vehículos híbridos en serie-paralelo.  2, record 18, Spanish, - veh%C3%ADculo%20h%C3%ADbrido%20en%20serie

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A cell in which electrochemical reactions are produced by applying electrical energy or conversely, which supplies electrical energy as a result of electrochemical reaction.  2, record 19, English, - electrolytic%20cell

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cellule dans laquelle des réactions électrochimiques se produisent par l'application d'énergie électrique ou, réciproquement, qui fournit de l'énergie électrique par suite de réactions électrochimiques.  2, record 19, French, - cellule%20%C3%A9lectrolytique

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Record 20,  Textual support,  English

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The loss of chemical energy in a cell by internal currents unrelated to any external circuit.  1, record 20, English, - self%2Ddischarge

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans un élément ou une batterie, perte d'énergie due à des courants spontanés, en l'absence de toute connexion avec un circuit externe.  2, record 20, French, - d%C3%A9charge%20spontan%C3%A9e

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Record 21,  Textual support,  English

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… few-group data are calculated on the basis of the generated by step one multi-group or pointwise data using transport calculations over fuel cells or sub-assemblies. These calculations are carried out using so-called cell codes and as a result the cross sections are now homogenised and condensed to few energy groups.  1, record 21, English, - cell%20code

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

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Dans les méthodes de conception, on partage le calcul en deux parties, ce qui permet de traiter indépendamment les deux niveaux d’hétérogénéité : — d’une part, l’interaction des neutrons avec la matière, avec ses spécificités énergétiques et spatiales qui relèvent d’effets locaux liés à la géométrie des milieux, à la dépendance énergétique des sections efficaces et à la distribution des neutrons en énergie (spectre neutronique). Ce premier aspect comporte une modélisation très précise et détaillée des milieux physiques à un nombre élevé de groupes d’énergie, mais limitée à une région restreinte en espace (de l’ordre du libre parcours moyen des neutrons). Il est traité par les codes de cellule, appelés aussi codes de spectre, dont le rôle principal est celui de générer des sections efficaces pour les calculs de cœur.  1, record 21, French, - code%20de%20cellule

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Record 22,  Textual support,  English

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An electrochemical cell in which the energy of a reaction between a fuel, such as liquid hydrogen, and an oxidant, such as liquid oxygen, is converted directly and continuously into electrical energy.  2, record 22, English, - fuel%20cell

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fuel cell: term recommended by the Terminology Committee and standardized by the Validation Committee of the Sustainable Mobility Glossary.  3, record 22, English, - fuel%20cell

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] dispositif électrochimique qui convertit l'énergie chimique d'une réaction directement en énergie électrique tout en dégageant de la chaleur.  4, record 22, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pile à combustible : terme recommandé par le Comité de terminologie et normalisé par le Comité de validation du Lexique de la mobilité durable.  5, record 22, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dispositivo electroquímico semejante a una batería, que genera electricidad por conversión de energía química de un combustible y un oxidante.  1, record 22, Spanish, - pila%20de%20combustible

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Fuel cell] that utilizes pure hydrogen as fuel as compared to hydrogen produced from the reformation of hydrocarbon fuels (gasoline, diesel, propane, natural gas).  2, record 23, English, - direct%20hydrogen%20fuel%20cell

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a direct hydrogen fuel cell..., hydrogen from the fuel tank is supplied to the fuel cells, where it combines with oxygen from an air compressor. An electrode coated with a catalyst splits the hydrogen into electrons and protons. The movement of the electrons generates electricity, which is sent to the traction inverter module. The traction inverter module converts the electricity for use by the motor/transaxle, which transforms the electric energy into the mechanical energy that turns the wheels. The only byproducts of this process are water and heat.  3, record 23, English, - direct%20hydrogen%20fuel%20cell

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Syntagme construit sur le modèle du terme bien connu « pile à méthanol direct » [direct methanol fuel cell].  1, record 23, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20hydrog%C3%A8ne%20direct

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Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A device that] generates power by converting solar light into electricity.  2, record 24, English, - solar%20cell

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Meanwhile, solar cell is very popular as an energy source in space, and you can easily take a look at the huge solar cell panel on the ISS [International Space Station]. But the generation ability of the solar cell decreases in inversely proportional with the rate of 1. 5 power to the distance from the Sun.(The intensity of Sun ray decreases in inversely proportional with 2. 0 power to the distance from the Sun, while the generation efficiency of the solar cell increases with lowering temperature.) Therefore, if we send spacecraft to the planet farther than the Asteroid Belt(numerous small planets existing at the orbit between Mars and Jupiter) and conduct many observational work, solar cell is no longer effective. There, the Sun ray is too weak and a simulation indicates we need huge solar cell panels.  3, record 24, English, - solar%20cell

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

solar cell: term officially approved by the International Space Station Terminology Approval Group (ISSTAG).  4, record 24, English, - solar%20cell

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Solar cell power supply.  5, record 24, English, - solar%20cell

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dispositif qui convertit directement la lumière solaire en électricité.  5, record 24, French, - photopile

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

photopile : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).  6, record 24, French, - photopile

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Alimentation par piles solaires.  7, record 24, French, - photopile

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Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A battery which converts nuclear energy into electrical energy.  3, record 25, English, - atomic%20battery

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

According to source GRAEL, both of these terms may also designate a direct-conversion secondary cell or battery using radioisotopes as the energy source.  4, record 25, English, - atomic%20battery

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A withdrawal of electrical energy to end-point voltage before the cell or battery is recharged.  2, record 26, English, - discharge

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Disparition plus ou moins rapide d'une charge électrique.  1, record 26, French, - d%C3%A9charge

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] solar cell [that] is a combination of two cells stacked atop one another, with the top and bottom cells gathering energy from separate parts of the solar spectrum.  1, record 27, English, - tandem%20solar%20cell

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Tandem cells require two solar cells that not only have the desired electrical and optical properties, but must also share compatible manufacturing processes.  1, record 27, English, - tandem%20solar%20cell

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Photopile formée par l'association de deux cellules disposées l'une par dessus l'autre, les cellules inférieure et supérieure prélevant leur énergie d'éléments distincts du spectre solaire.  3, record 27, French, - cellule%20solaire%20en%20tandem

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] cell [that] generates electrical energy from biofuels such as glucose and ethanol, which are renewable and sustainable energy sources.  2, record 28, English, - enzyme%2Dbased%20biofuel%20cell

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pile produisant de l'énergie électrique à partir de biocombustibles tels que le glucose et l'éthanol, lesquels sont des sources d'énergie durables et renouvelables.  2, record 28, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20enzyme

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The energy given up by an electron in penetrating the cell barrier.  1, record 29, English, - barrier%20energy

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Énergie libérée par un électron pénétrant une zone de déplétion.  2, record 29, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20de%20barri%C3%A8re

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A device that concentrates sunlight on a small heat absorber made of metal or other suitable material, heating it to a high temperature.  3, record 30, English, - thermophotovoltaic%20cell

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The secondary thermal radiation reemitted by the absorber is used as the energy source for a photovoltaic cell. The cell is chosen for maximum efficiency at the wavelength of the secondary radiation.  3, record 30, English, - thermophotovoltaic%20cell

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dispositif qui concentre la lumière solaire sur un petit absorbeur de chaleur composé de métal ou de tout autre matériau adéquat, le portant à haute température.  2, record 30, French, - cellule%20thermophotovolta%C3%AFque

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le rayonnement thermique secondaire réémis par l'absorbeur est capté par la source d'énergie et transmis à une cellule photovoltaïque choisie pour obtenir un rendement énergétique élevé à la longueur d'onde du rayonnement thermique secondaire.  2, record 30, French, - cellule%20thermophotovolta%C3%AFque

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Photosynthetic production of hydrogen through solar energy and water.  3, record 31, English, - photobiological%20hydrogen%20production

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Under certain conditions, the pigments in certain types of algae absorb solar energy. An enzyme in the cell acts as a catalyst to split water molecules. Some of the bacteria produces hydrogen after they grow on a substrate.  1, record 31, English, - photobiological%20hydrogen%20production

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Production photosynthétique d'hydrogène à partir de l'énergie solaire et de l'eau.  1, record 31, French, - bioproduction%20d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A very thin region of static electric charge along the interface of the positive and negative layers in a photovoltaic cell.  1, record 32, English, - cell%20barrier

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The barrier inhibits the movement of electrons from one layer to the other, so that higher energy electrons from one side diffuse preferentially through it in one direction, creating a current, and thus a voltage across the cell.  1, record 32, English, - cell%20barrier

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] les porteurs devenus minoritaires après leur injection dans la zone arrière diffusent en s'éloignant de la zone de déplétion, le BSF [chmap électrique arrière] les repousse vers la jonction.  2, record 32, French, - zone%20de%20d%C3%A9pl%C3%A9tion

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A solar cell for converting solar radiation into usable electrical energy, the solar cell comprising : an aluminum substrate; a semiconductor absorber; an electrically conductive back metal contact layer between the substrate and the semiconductor absorber...  1, record 33, English, - back%20metal%20contact

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A device using a photoelectric cell to measure fluorescence in a chemical sample that has been excited(one or more electrons have been raised to higher energy level) by ultraviolet or visible light; used for analysis of chemical mixtures.  1, record 34, English, - photoelectric%20fluorometer

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

photoélectrique : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  2, record 34, French, - fluorom%C3%A8tre%20photo%2D%C3%A9lectrique

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are several different types of photoelectric cells. In some [i. e., phototubes] there is a light-sensitive surface [a photocathode] which emits electrons and a second electrode, usually maintained at a fairly high positive potential, which collects the electrons... A second type is the photovoltaic or barrier layer photocell in which incident light produces an emf between two terminals... Solar cells, widely used to provide energy for satellites and space vehicles, are photovoltaic cells converting radiant energy into electrical energy. A familiar form uses a very perfect silicon crystal which is treated with trace impurities to introduce extra positive charges on one side of a thin wafer and extra negative charges on the other side... Radiant energy disturbs the electrical balance of the charges and thereby induces an emf which continues as long as light strikes the crystal... A third type of photoelectric cell [photoconductive, or photoresistive cell] utilizes the photoconductivity effect.  6, record 35, English, - photoelectric%20receptor

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term photoelectric cell, or photocell, should not be used for a phototube, which is a vacuum tube and not a cell.  1, record 35, English, - photoelectric%20receptor

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 OBS

electric eye: The layman’s term for a photoelectric cell. Also used to designate an unrelated type of electronic device (a magic eye) used for tuning radio receivers.  1, record 35, English, - photoelectric%20receptor

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le Dictionnaire de Physique (J.P. Mathieu, 1983), on décrit trois catégories de cellules photoélectriques, soit : 1) les cellules photoémissives (syn. : phototubes - qui ne font pas appel aux matériaux semiconducteurs); 2) les cellules photovoltaïques; 3) les cellules photoconductrices (ou photorésistantes), ces deux dernières catégories nécessitant l'emploi de semiconducteurs. Dans l'Encyclopédie internationale des sciences et des techniques on utilise le terme dans ce même sens général. Par contre, dans le Dictionnaire mémento d'électronique, Dunot, éd. Paris 1969, page 59, on exclut les phototubes. On retrouve donc, en français, la même diversité de sens des termes qu'en anglais. Cette fiche traite de ces termes dans leur sens le plus large.  1, record 35, French, - r%C3%A9cepteur%20photo%C3%A9lectrique

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 OBS

photoélectrique : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  5, record 35, French, - r%C3%A9cepteur%20photo%C3%A9lectrique

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Selenium photocell.  6, record 35, French, - r%C3%A9cepteur%20photo%C3%A9lectrique

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A type of fuel cell in which the chemical reactants undergo reversible reactions, such that the cell may be recharged with a separate power source if desired; for example, the hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell may be recharged by providing power for water electrolysis with hydrogen storage.  2, record 36, English, - reversible%20fuel%20cell

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The terms] reversible fuel cell and regenerative fuel cell... generally have the same meaning and relate to technology that allows a fuel cell to both produce electricity from H₂ and 0₂ and use electricity in the reverse direction to create H₂ and 0₂. In some cases, this type of fuel cell can also be designed to store energy. The essential benefit of this type of "closed loop" system is that a new hydrogen infrastructure is not needed.  3, record 36, English, - reversible%20fuel%20cell

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le système Regenesys repose sur la technologie des piles à combustible réversibles (parfois appelées piles à technologie redox-flow). L'énergie électrique est transformée en énergie chimique potentielle en «chargeant» deux électrolytes aqueux, puis en libérant l'énergie stockée lors de la décharge. La conversion à haut rendement de l'énergie électrique en énergie chimique stockée et vice-versa peut se répéter à l'infini.  2, record 36, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible%20r%C3%A9versible

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Metabolism refers to both biosynthesis, in which organic matter is assimilated into cell tissue, and to catabolism, in which organic matter is converted to simple compounds to obtain energy for cell synthesis and maintenance.  3, record 37, English, - catabolism

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Anabolisme et catabolisme constituent les deux aspects complémentaires du métabolisme : destruction et construction de la matière organique apparaissent interdépendantes et étroitement liées, interférant l'une sur l'autre par l'intermédiaire de systèmes de régulation extrêmement complexes. Eux-mêmes dépendent d'une organisation biochimique globale dont la biologie moléculaire a démontré l'existence au sein des ultrastructures des cellules.  3, record 37, French, - catabolisme

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conjunto de reacciones metabólicas que transforman sustancias complejas en otras más sencillas, con liberación de energía.  2, record 37, Spanish, - catabolismo

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Olive leaf extract (calcium elenolate). The olive leaf contains a phytochemical called oleuropein, whose active ingredient, elenolic acid, has shown powerful anti-bacterial and anti-viral effects.  2, record 38, English, - oleuropein

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Researchers today are finding olive leaf extract to be a powerful tool in the fight for wellness. The most important element in olive leaf extract is a compound called oleuropein. When enzymes in the body metabolize oleuropein it provides substantial health promoting benefits, such as helping the body battle viruses and bacteria, supporting healthy cell replication, and promoting improved energy levels.  3, record 38, English, - oleuropein

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Glucoside des feuilles et des fruits de l'olivier.  2, record 38, French, - oleurop%C3%A9ine

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'olivier, appelé l'arbre de vie dans la bible, est connu depuis l'antiquité pour conférer bien-être et longévité. À travers les âges, la tisane des feuilles d'olivier était un remède pour combattre les fièvres. Au 19ème siècle, des rapports médicaux témoignent de nombreux cas de guérison de malaria. Ces bienfaits étaient attribués à la substance amère des feuilles d'olivier. Au début du 20ème siècle, ce composant, l'oleuropéine, fut identifié. C'est son action contre les attaques parasitaires et bactériennes qui confère à l'olivier sa longévité remarquable. En 1969, les chercheurs de Upjohn Company identifièrent le composant actif de l'oleuropéine, l'élénolate de calcium.  3, record 38, French, - oleurop%C3%A9ine

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hydrogen/oxygen fuel cell systems work well in space travel applications because of their high efficiency, high power-to-weight and volume ratios, and usable reaction product(water). They can function for many months as long as fuel is supplied and therefore the energy density cannot be measured.  1, record 39, English, - hydrogen%2Doxygen%20fuel%20cell%20system

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[A program in which the US] federal government, automakers and energy companies will work together to overcome the technological and financial barriers to the successful development of commercially viable, emissions-free fuel cell vehicles that require no foreign oil.  2, record 40, English, - FreedomCAR%20and%20Hydrogen%20Fuel%20Initiative

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 OBS

CAR in FreedomCAR means Cooperative Automotive Research.  3, record 40, English, - FreedomCAR%20and%20Hydrogen%20Fuel%20Initiative

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Programme [...] par le biais duquel l'administration américaine s'engage à injecter 1,2 milliard $ pour soutenir le développement de nouvelles technologies et des infrastructures nécessaires à la distribution de l'hydrogène.  2, record 40, French, - FreedomCAR%20and%20Hydrogen%20Fuel%20Initiative

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The energy for biosynthesis comes from the hydrolysis of ATP.... Throughout the cell, reactions that would otherwise be unfavorable, including all biosynthetic reactions, are driven directly or indirectly by the hydrolysis of ATP molecules. The large amount of energy released in this reaction derives from several sources, including the high stability of phosphate in its free form and the release of unfavorable charge repulsion between two adjacent phosphates in an ATP molecule.  2, record 41, English, - biosynthesis

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Metabolism refers to both biosynthesis, in which organic matter is assimilated into cell tissue, and to catabolism, in which organic matter is converted to simple compounds to obtain energy for cell synthesis and maintenance.  3, record 41, English, - biosynthesis

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode de formation des composés organiques qui se trouvent dans les êtres vivants, comme la photosynthèse chez les plantes vertes et certains aspects de l'anabolisme chez les animaux. Les constituants des animaux et des végétaux peuvent être apportés par le milieu extérieur ou être élaborés dans l'organisme.  2, record 41, French, - biosynth%C3%A8se

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un [...] des principes généraux des voies de biosynthèse [...] est que la voie chimique empruntée au cours de la synthèse de biomolécules est généralement différente de celle de leur dégradation. Les deux voies, anabolique et catabolique, peuvent avoir en commun une ou plusieurs étapes, mais elles diffèrent généralement par au moins une étape enzymatique, ce qui fait que les mécanismes de biosynthèse et de dégradation des constituants de la cellule ne sont pas simplement l'inverse les uns des autres.  3, record 41, French, - biosynth%C3%A8se

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Elaboración de compuestos orgánicos en los seres vivos por ciertos métodos, como el anabolismo o la fotosíntesis.  2, record 41, Spanish, - bios%C3%ADntesis

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Water and heat management are also concerns with PEM [proton exchange membrane] fuel cells. Several water molecules accompany each proton transported through the membrane from the anode to the cathode, and so a significant fraction of the energy from the fuel must go into recirculating the water back to the anode. Also, the heat generated within the fuel cell must be dissipated...  2, record 42, English, - heat%20management

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gestion thermique : il existe deux sources de chaleur dans une pile à combustible : l'empilement [...] [et] le brûleur du reformeur (pour les piles à reformage externe). [...] Un système optimisé pour un rendement électrique utilise ces sources de chaleur au maximum pour les procédés internes du système. L'utilisation de la chaleur dans le système est d'autant plus facile que la température de fonctionnement est élevée.  2, record 42, French, - gestion%20de%20la%20chaleur

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Gestion de la chaleur : L'énergie résiduelle libérée par la réaction électrochimique de la pile à combustible est contrôlée pour un rendement optimal et une efficacité accrue. [...] Les ingénieurs ont conçu des usines qui recyclent la chaleur produite pendant tous les procédés, tant chimiques qu'électrochimiques. La chaleur est recueillie et distribuée là où elle est nécessaire : processeur de quantité de carburant (le reformage de la chaleur est une réaction endothermique), épurateur de gaz (la conversion catalytique est une réaction endothermique), divers échangeurs de chaleur qui peuvent réchauffer ou refroidir les fluides ou les gaz. La chaleur excédentaire peut être utilisée pour fournir de l'air chaud ou de la chaleur chaude à l'utilisateur. Elle peut même être utilisée dans des systèmes de conditionnement d'air utilisant des refroidisseurs d'absorption.  1, record 42, French, - gestion%20de%20la%20chaleur

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Living cells capture, store, and transport energy in a chemical form, largely as adenosine triphosphate(ATP). ATP functions as the major carrier of chemical energy in the cells of all living species.... ATP is the major connecting link between two large networks or enzyme-catalyzed reactions in the cell. One of these networks... utilizes the energy of ATP... to carry out the osmotic work of membrane transport.  2, record 43, English, - membrane%20transport

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Transport à travers les membranes - La membrane plasmique des cellules agit à la façon d'une interface sélectivement perméable entre la cellule et son environnement et entre son cytosol et ses organites intracellulaires. Deux questions importantes se posent alors : comment les molécules traversent-elles la membrane pour entrer dans la cellule ou dans un organite et comment s'effectue la sélectivité? Trois mécanismes majeurs sont responsables de ces besoins : diffusion, transport actif et endocytose.  1, record 43, French, - transport%20%C3%A0%20travers%20les%20membranes

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An infrared(IR) detector basically is composed of a filter and lens system used to screen out unwanted wavelengths and focus the incoming energy on a photovoltaic or photoresistive cell sensitive to infrared energy... IR flame detectors can respond to the total IR composant of the flame alone or in combination with flame flicker in the frequency range of 5 to 30 H2.  2, record 44, English, - infrared%20flame%20detector

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On classe les détecteurs de flammes [...] en trois catégories : ceux qui détectent la lumière du spectre ultraviolet (détecteurs UV) [...], ceux qui détectent la lumière du spectre infrarouge (détecteur IR) [...] et ceux qui détectent les deux types de lumière.  4, record 44, French, - d%C3%A9tecteur%20de%20flamme%20infrarouge

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A device which converts radiant energy directly into electric energy by the photovoltaic process. Each cell produces a small potential difference, typically about 0. 5 volts; an array of cells can provide useful electric power capacity.  1, record 45, English, - solar%20cell

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Photovoltaic cells are the most promising of all the cell types and the term solar cell is generally taken to mean this type of cell.  2, record 45, English, - solar%20cell

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dispositif utilisant l'effet photovoltaïque, qui convertit directement en électricité une partie de l'énergie du rayonnement du Soleil ou d'une autre source lumineuse.  1, record 45, French, - photopile

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les photopiles sont des composants électroniques à semi conducteurs qui, lorsqu'ils sont éclairés par le rayonnement solaire, développent une force électromotrice capable de débiter un courant dans un circuit extérieur.  2, record 45, French, - photopile

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Célula fotovoltaica de silicio utilizada para la transformación directa de la energía solar en eléctrica.  1, record 45, Spanish, - c%C3%A9lula%20solar

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A highly charged and energetic component of cosmic rays.  2, record 46, English, - HZE%20particle

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

These particles can deposit energy in tissue, possibly killing a cell if the particle passes to close to the cell' s nucleus.  2, record 46, English, - HZE%20particle

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 2 OBS

high mass energy particle; HZE particle: terms normally used in the plural.  3, record 46, English, - HZE%20particle

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

particule à numéro atomique élevé et à haute énergie : terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.  2, record 46, French, - particule%20%C3%A0%20num%C3%A9ro%20atomique%20%C3%A9lev%C3%A9%20et%20%C3%A0%20haute%20%C3%A9nergie

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cell designed to convert the energy of reactants to electrical energy; an intermediate reductant, in the form of liquid electrolyte, reacts at the anode in a conventional manner; it is then regenerated by reaction with a primary fuel.  1, record 47, English, - redox%20cell

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une pile d'oxydoréduction est formée de deux demi-piles réunies par une jonction KC1, chaque demi-pile étant constituée par la solution aqueuse d'un couple redox dans laquelle plonge un métal inattaquable (platine).  1, record 47, French, - pile%20d%27oxydor%C3%A9duction

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A proposed satellite in geosynchronous orbit (22,000 miles) to convert solar energy to electricity and then to microwave energy, which is beamed to earth for later conversion to direct current electricity.  2, record 48, English, - solar%20power%20satellite

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Solar power satellite, equipped with solar cells and facility for energy conversion to microwave, would involve an array requiring about 90 square kilometers of collector surface area.  5, record 48, English, - solar%20power%20satellite

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See the records "solar energy" and "solar cell".  3, record 48, English, - solar%20power%20satellite

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Satellite placé en orbite géostationnaire (36 000 km d'altitude) qui convertit les rayons du soleil en électricité. Cette énergie est ensuite transmise sous forme d'un faisceau de micro-ondes que capte une antenne terrestre.  3, record 48, French, - satellite%20solaire

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le satellite solaire serait sur orbite géosynchrone, ne passant dans l'ombre de la Terre que pour de très courtes durées. Dans ce projet, les panneaux solaires orientés en permanence vers le Soleil s'étendent sur près de 150 km².  1, record 48, French, - satellite%20solaire

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A primary electric cell which, apart from more conventional uses, has a variety of interesting applications such as power sources for hearing aids and heart pacemakers. It has the advantage over the dry Leclanché cell in that it does not deteriorate, provides a constant emf over a long period of time and has a higher energy density. It consists of zinc and mercuric oxide electrodes in contact with a hydroxide/zinc oxide electrolyte.  4, record 49, English, - mercury%20cell

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 2 DEF

A primary dry cell that delivers an essentially constant output voltage throughout its useful life by means of a chemical reaction between zinc and mercury oxide widely used in hearing aids. Also known as mercury oxide cell.  2, record 49, English, - mercury%20cell

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Piles à l'oxyde mercurique. - Ces piles sont des modèles récents mis au point par Ruben en 1947. Dans ces éléments l'oxyde mercurique constitue le dépolarisant. L'anode est en zinc, l'électrolyte est une solution de potasse caustique de zincate de potassium. Le dépolarisant HgO est additionné de graphite afin d'obtenir une conductibilité suffisante.  3, record 49, French, - pile%20%C3%A0%20l%27oxyde%20mercurique

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 50, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... Du Pont and Wilks Instruments(Foxboro) now make feasible their application to separations with high-performance LC columns. [The following] figure shows a schematic of an infrared detector for modern LC. Energy... passes through chopper and then through wheel, which contains three gradient interference filters... Positions of the filters on this wheel can be adjusted so that any wavelength in this range can be selected for detection. The monochromatic infrared energy from the source passes through slit and then detector cell... Transmitted energy from the sample cell falls on a thermoelectric detector, which records the change in energy from the absorbing sample. The output of the thermoelectric detector is amplified for presentation by means of the amplifier and power supply....  1, record 50, English, - thermoelectric%20detector

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A simple arrangement of two cavities in series showed the feasibility of detecting traces of one gas in another. A klystron was used to generate microwave power which was fed through a wave guide to a transmission-type cavity. Another cavity was mounted in series with and tuned to the same frequency as the first; both cavities were identical except that the second had a gas inlet and outlet ports. From this measuring cell, its microwave energy was sent to a crystal detector. By frequency-modulating the klystron with a 50-cps sine wave voltage on the repeller, a burst of energy passes to the detector each time the generator frequency equals that of the cavities. The detector current is amplified and measured with an oscilloscope. At the beginning of the run, the two cavities are filled with the nitrogen carrier gas and, if the composition in one of the cavities is changed, its electrical size will change... causing a decrease of current from the detector.  1, record 51, English, - crystal%20detector

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Energy passes through the sample cell to a photomultiplier and is compared to the energy passing through the reference cell by electronic signal-processing circuits, designed to produce an output that is linear with solute concentration.  2, record 52, English, - sample%20cell

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... right-angle fluorometer(Varian).... A Tungsten-halide lamp provides strong excitation-radiation over the continuum above 180 nm. A lens plus excitation filter collects energy from the lamp, isolates the spectral band width of interest, and focuses the beam onto a... cell. Another lens collects the fluorescent energy from this cell at 90° to the exciting beam, and focuses it through emission filters onto the photomultiplier tube, which measures the radiation.  1, record 53, English, - right%2Dangle%20fluorometer