TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A substance of biological origin (such as a globulin, vaccine, or hormone) that is used in the prevention or treatment of disease and is highly similar to a previously-approved proprietary biologic.  10, record 1, English, - biosimilar%20biological%20drug

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Biosimilars are approved based on a thorough comparison to a reference drug and may enter the market after the expiry of reference drug patents and data protection.  11, record 1, English, - biosimilar%20biological%20drug

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Médicament biologique qui a la même forme pharmaceutique et la même composition qualitative et quantitative en substance active qu'un médicament biologique de référence.  5, record 1, French, - m%C3%A9dicament%20biologique%20similaire

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les médicaments biosimilaires sont approuvés en fonction d'une comparaison approfondie avec un médicament de référence et peuvent faire leur entrée sur le marché une fois que les brevets et les protections des données du médicament biologique de référence sont expirés.  6, record 1, French, - m%C3%A9dicament%20biologique%20similaire

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

médicament biosimilaire; médicament biologique similaire : désignations et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 18 juillet 2025.  7, record 1, French, - m%C3%A9dicament%20biologique%20similaire

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... by treating investment as one element of trade in services, the GATS [General Agreement on Trade in Services] addresses not only the terms and conditions upon which a foreign investor may enter the market, but also deals with "establishment trade" — or in other words, the conditions of operation in the post-investment phase.  1, record 2, English, - establishment%20trade

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] en considérant l'investissement comme un des éléments du commerce des services, l'AGCS [Accord général sur le commerce des services] traite non seulement des modalités et conditions régissant l'accès aux marchés des investisseurs étrangers, mais aussi du «commerce par le biais d'un établissement» — en d'autres termes, des conditions d'exploitation dans la phase postérieure à l'investissement [...]  1, record 2, French, - commerce%20par%20le%20biais%20d%27un%20%C3%A9tablissement

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In Canada, all marketed drugs are first approved by Health Canada, which evaluates the safety and efficacy of drugs applying to enter the Canadian market...  1, record 3, English, - marketed%20drug

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Au Canada, tous les médicaments commercialisés sont d'abord approuvés par Santé Canada, qui évalue l'innocuité et l'efficacité des produits pharmaceutiques qu'on cherche à introduire sur le marché canadien [...]  1, record 3, French, - m%C3%A9dicament%20commercialis%C3%A9

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Job-bridging programs help internationally trained newcomers enter the labour market in both regulated and non‑regulated professions, in which they already have training and experience.  1, record 4, English, - job%2Dbridging%20program

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les programmes de postes tremplins aident les nouveaux arrivants formés à l'étranger à se lancer sur le marché du travail dans des professions réglementées et non réglementées dans lesquelles ils ont déjà une formation et de l'expérience.  1, record 4, French, - programme%20de%20postes%20tremplins

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A system of marketable permits allowing the bearer to emit a specified level of pollutants [and under which] the government controls the total level of emissions, but not the distribution of these emissions among firms.  2, record 5, English, - pollution%20right

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In 1976, an offset policy was instituted whereby a firm could enter an area or expand by reducing pollution from existing sources. Firms have been allowed to trade or sell pollution rights, termed offsets, to other firms. Banking, or maintaining a reserve of pollution rights, is also becoming popular. The bubble policy extends the use of offsets by creating a more active market for pollution rights.  3, record 5, English, - pollution%20right

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pollution right: term extracted from the “Glossaire de l’environnement” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  4, record 5, English, - pollution%20right

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'EPA [Environmental Protection Agency] autorise dans certains cas des entreprises pour lesquelles la lutte contre la pollution est très coûteuse à acheter des «droits de polluer» à d'autres entreprises pour lesquelles la lutte est moins coûteuse; les premières pourront dès lors émettre des quantités supérieures à la norme et les secondes émettront des quantités inférieures, de sorte que la norme ne soit globalement pas dépassée. Cet appel aux mécanismes du marché permet de réduire le coût total des mesures de lutte.  1, record 5, French, - droit%20de%20polluer

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

droit de polluer : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’environnement» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 5, French, - droit%20de%20polluer

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Expresa la idea de la emisión pública de certificados que dan a sus adquirentes el derecho a contaminar el entorno en ciertas proporciones según los casos. Se supone que con tal sistema - por lo demás muy discutible -, los mayores contaminadores han de comprar títulos de esta clase en el mercado, con lo cual su cotización se eleva, fomentándose de este modo soluciones conducentes a la efectiva disminución del nivel de contaminación.  1, record 5, Spanish, - derecho%20de%20contaminaci%C3%B3n

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In 1976, an offset policy was instituted whereby a firm could enter an area or expand by reducing pollution from existing sources. Firms have been allowed to trade or sell pollution rights, termed offsets, to other firms. Banking, or maintaining a reserve of pollution rights, is also becoming popular. The bubble policy extends the use of offsets by creating a more active market for pollution rights.  1, record 6, English, - offset%20policy

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Systèmes de compensation : Généralisation du «principe de la bulle» à une région entière, à l'intérieur de laquelle les entreprises peuvent échanger des «droits de pollution», du moment que la quantité totale d'un certain polluant qui sort de la «bulle» fictive entourant la région ne dépasse pas la limite autorisée.  2, record 6, French, - politique%20de%20la%20compensation

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le principe de la bulle s'applique aux différentes usines d'une même entreprise alors que le principe de la compensation s'applique aux entreprises d'une même région.  2, record 6, French, - politique%20de%20la%20compensation

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 3 OBS

politique de la compensation : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’environnement» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  3, record 6, French, - politique%20de%20la%20compensation

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An open market economy is a system of national trade wherein buyers and sellers are free to engage in commerce without government intervention. [...] In an open market economy, the government takes a largely hands-off approach to common transactions. Buyers and sellers enter into agreements with each other for their own mutual benefit and are free to set prices and terms of sale as they see fit.  2, record 7, English, - open%20market%20economy

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Resulta también indispensable que completemos la unión económica creando las condiciones para que cada país encuentre su lugar en la economía de mercado abierto que es la zona del euro, y explote sus ventajas comparativas para generar empleo y crecimiento.  1, record 7, Spanish, - econom%C3%ADa%20de%20mercado%20abierto

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A facility operated by the private sector and regulated by customs.  1, record 8, English, - customs%20bonded%20warehouse

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In this warehouse, imported goods may be stored without having to pay duties and taxes. Duties and taxes will only become payable if the goods enter the... domestic market.  1, record 8, English, - customs%20bonded%20warehouse

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

If imported goods are to be exported, you can avoid having to pay duties or taxes by placing them in a bonded warehouse ...  1, record 8, English, - customs%20bonded%20warehouse

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Goods stored in a bonded warehouse are considered to have been brought into Canada but have not been released by the CRA [Canadian Revenue Agency]. Using a bonded warehouse defers any payment of customs duties, taxes, and GST [goods and services tax] on imported goods until the goods have entered the domestic market.  2, record 8, English, - customs%20bonded%20warehouse

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Installation d'un exploitant du secteur privé régie par la direction générale des douanes [...] où il est possible d'entreposer des marchandises importées sans que des droits et des taxes deviennent exigibles que lorsque les marchandises entrent sur le marché interne.  2, record 8, French, - entrep%C3%B4t%20de%20stockage%20des%20douanes

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les entrepôts de stockage des douanes sont des installations agréées et réglementées par l'ARC [Agence du revenu du Canada] mais exploitées par le secteur privé. Les marchandises gardées dans un entrepôt de stockage sont considérées des marchandises importées au Canada dont la mainlevée n'a pas été accordée par l'ARC. L'utilisation d'un entrepôt de stockage reporte le paiement des droits de douane, des taxes et de la TPS [taxe sur les produits et services] sur les marchandises importées jusqu'à ce qu'elles entrent sur le marché national.  3, record 8, French, - entrep%C3%B4t%20de%20stockage%20des%20douanes

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans le cas de marchandises importées en vue d'être exportées, vous n'aurez à payer aucun droit ni taxe si vous les placez en entrepôt de stockage dès leur arrivée [...]  2, record 8, French, - entrep%C3%B4t%20de%20stockage%20des%20douanes

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

El [régimen] de depósito aduanero permite la entrada de mercancías procedentes del exterior en los lugares habilitados por la aduana en los cuales pueden permanecer durante un plazo determinado con suspensión del pago de derechos e impuestos. Algunos países no establecen un plazo para el depósito de mercancías.  3, record 8, Spanish, - almac%C3%A9n%20afianzado%20de%20aduanas

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

En algunos países, los concesionarios tienen que presentar una garantía por los derechos correspondientes a las mercancías almacenadas; el monto de esta garantía se estima de acuerdo con la rotación o tráfico de mercancías almacenadas. En algunos países, los importadores tienen que presentar una garantía adicional por los derechos que corresponden a las mercancías depositadas por ellos.  3, record 8, Spanish, - almac%C3%A9n%20afianzado%20de%20aduanas

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One cannot enter into a discussion of nylon fibers for tire reinforcement without comparing nylon-6 to nylon-66. For the 30 plus years that these two materials have competed for the world's bias-ply truck tire market, the pros and cons have been the object of heated debate. At the center of controversy are the distinctions between the two in regards to thermal mechanical properties. Many people feel even today nylon-6 is just a nylon-66 with a lower melting point.  1, record 9, English, - tire%20reinforcement

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Comparaison entre les fibres nylon pour renfort pneumatique.  1, record 9, French, - renfort%20pneumatique

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A firm is treated as a potential competitor if there is evidence that this firm could and would be likely to undertake the necessary additional investments or other necessary switching costs to enter the relevant market in response to a small and permanent increase in prices.  2, record 10, English, - potential%20competitor

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

For a potential competitor considering entry into a telecommunications market and for a regulator examining efficient price structures, it is the future costs of service that matter, not the embedded costs of past investment decisions.  3, record 10, English, - potential%20competitor

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour un concurrent éventuel qui songe à entrer sur un marché des télécommunications et pour un organisme de réglementation qui examine les structures de prix efficientes, ce sont les coûts futurs des services qui importent, pas les coûts incorporés des décisions d'investissement antérieur.  2, record 10, French, - concurrent%20%C3%A9ventuel

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To help [small and medium enterprises] tap into the American market, the [department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade] runs the New Exporters to Border States program.  2, record 11, English, - enter%20a%20market

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

i.e. for competition purposes.  3, record 11, English, - enter%20a%20market

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'Ukraine éprouvera des difficultés à pénétrer les marchés occidentaux.  3, record 11, French, - acc%C3%A9der%20%C3%A0%20un%20march%C3%A9

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Afin d'aider [les petites et moyennes entreprises] à s'implanter sur le marché américain, le [ministre des Affaires étrangères et du Commerce international] administre Nouveaux exportateurs aux États frontaliers.  4, record 11, French, - acc%C3%A9der%20%C3%A0%20un%20march%C3%A9

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Équivalents tirés de la revue française «Que choisir?»  1, record 11, French, - acc%C3%A9der%20%C3%A0%20un%20march%C3%A9

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sponsored by Human Resources and Social Development Canada and delivered in partnership with the YMCA [World Alliance of Young Men's Christian Associations], the Federal Public Sector Youth Internship Program places interns in host federal government organizations. Its main objective is to enable unemployed or under-employed young Canadians between the ages of 15 and 30 to acquire the experience and skills they need to enter and fully participate in the labour market.  3, record 12, English, - Federal%20Public%20Sector%20Youth%20Internship%20Program

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Commandité par Ressources humaines et Développement social Canada et administré en partenariat avec le YMCA [Alliance universelle des unions chrétiennes de jeunes gens], le Programme de stages pour les jeunes dans le secteur public fédéral permet à des jeunes de faire un stage au sein d'un organisme fédéral. Le principal objectif du programme est de permettre aux jeunes Canadiens de 15 à 30 ans qui sont en chômage ou sous-employés, d'acquérir l'expérience et les compétences relatives à l'emploi dont ils auront besoin pour entrer sur le marché du travail et y participer pleinement.  2, record 12, French, - Programme%20de%20stages%20pour%20les%20jeunes%20dans%20le%20secteur%20public%20f%C3%A9d%C3%A9ral

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[...] proporciona empleo temporal a jóvenes en ministerios federales, agencias gubernamentales y empresas públicas por periodos de 9 a 12 meses. Su principal objetivo es que jóvenes de entre 15 y 30 años puedan adquirir la experiencia y los conocimientos necesarios para participar plenamente en el mercado de trabajo.  2, record 12, Spanish, - Programa%20de%20J%C3%B3venes%20Pasantes%20del%20Sector%20P%C3%BAblico%20Federal

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In town planning, land intended for the construction of public buildings or for public utilities.  5, record 13, English, - reserved%20area

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The public agency for whose benefit an area has been reserved shall have a period of one(1) year after recording the final subdivision plat to enter into an agreement to acquire such reserved land area. The purchase price shall be the fair market value of this land area at the time of the filing of the preliminary plat plus the taxes against the reserved area from the date of the reservation and any other costs incurred by the subdivider for maintenance of the reserved area, and the appraised value of the property involved, including interest at the lowest Bank Prime Rate in the State of Arizona plus one and one half(1-1/2%) percent.  1, record 13, English, - reserved%20area

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Emplacement prévu par le POS [Plan d'occupation du sol] pour installations d'intérêt général ou espaces verts. A pour effet d'interdire la construction dans l'immédiat et de permettre au propriétaire d'exiger l'acquisition du terrain par la collectivité publique.  5, record 13, French, - emplacement%20r%C3%A9serv%C3%A9

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Community Based Employability Projects(CBEP) is one of these additional programs and services administered by(ETS) Employment and Training Services Branch of Manitoba Advanced Education and Training. The purpose of CBEP is to assist persons with disabilities who are eligible for or in receipt of income assistance to enter or re-enter the labour market. CBEP assists non-profit community organizations to develop and deliver supported employment activities for these individuals, with an emphasis on employability skills development and work experience/job placements leading to employment.  1, record 14, English, - Community%20Based%20Employability%20Projects

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les Projets communautaires d'amélioration de l'aptitude au travail font partie des programmes et services supplémentaires gérés par les (SEFP) Services d'éducation postsecondaires et Formation professionnelle Manitoba. L'objectif des Projets communautaires d'amélioration de l'aptitude au travail est d'aider les personnes handicapées qui peuvent bénéficier ou qui bénéficient de l'aide au revenu leur offrant un soutien pour intégrer ou réintégrer le marché du travail. Ces programmes aident les organismes communautaires sans but lucratif à élaborer et à offrir des activités d'emploi supervisées pour ces personnes, qui donnent priorité à l'amélioration des compétences relatives à l'employabilité, à l'expérience du travail et au placement menant à l'emploi. Les Projets communautaires d'amélioration de l'aptitude au travail fournissent des fonds pour les coûts approuvés associés à la prestation d'activités professionnelles avec soutien, y compris de salaires et des frais d'exploitation pour les employés.  1, record 14, French, - Projets%20communautaires%20d%27am%C3%A9lioration%20de%20l%27aptitude%20au%20travail

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The project [Funds for the battle against poverty] supports "projects aimed at job preparation, job creation and job integration which are carried out by promoter organizations [non-profit organizations, cooperatives, municipalities, regional county municipalities and, in some instances, private companies] to help economically needy persons [such as employment assistance recipients, immigrants, visible minorities and women] enter the labour market. "  2, record 15, English, - economically%20needy%20person

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'objectif du [Fonds de lutte contre la pauvreté] est de soutenir des « projets de préparation à l'emploi, de création d'emplois et d'insertion en emploi réalisés par des organismes promoteurs (organismes à but non lucratif, coopératives, municipalités, municipalités régionales de comté et exceptionnellement les entreprises privées) afin de permettre aux personnes économiquement démunies [comme les prestataires d'assistance-emploi, les personnes immigrantes, les minorités visibles et les femmes] d'intégrer le marché du travail ».  2, record 15, French, - personne%20%C3%A9conomiquement%20d%C3%A9munie

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The situation in which there are a number of noncolluding firms in each market area, no one firm occupies a large part of the market, and new firms can enter the market on terms... equal to... existing firms.  2, record 16, English, - workable%20competition

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il importe [...] que la concurrence fonctionne, qu'elle soit effective. John Maurice Clark a longuement développé cette idée de la concurrence effective (workable competition). Elle implique une notion dynamique de la concurrence.  2, record 16, French, - concurrence%20effective

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A carrier, newly established or not, which attempts to enter a market that is already served by other carriers.  1, record 17, English, - new%20entrant

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

new entrant; new entrant carrier; new entrant air carrier: terms and definition officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).  2, record 17, English, - new%20entrant

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nouvel entrant; nouveau venu : termes uniformisés par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  2, record 17, French, - nouvel%20entrant

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nuevo transportista participante : término aceptado oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  2, record 17, Spanish, - nuevo%20transportista%20participante

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Inventory that is carried out when a business stops trading, based on valuation criteria that differ from those normally used in accounting. The valuation tends to be lower than the accounting value or the market value as there is less room for negotiation and because a high level of stocks enter the market in one go.  2, record 18, English, - inventory%20for%20liquidation

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

inventory for liquidation: term and definition reproduced from the CAPITAL Business Dictionary with the permission of LID Editorial Empresarial.  3, record 18, English, - inventory%20for%20liquidation

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Inventaire effectué en cas de cessation d'activité. L'estimation est alors inférieure à la valeur comptable et à la valeur de marché car la capacité de négociation est limitée et les stocks lancés sur le marché sont trop élevés.  1, record 18, French, - inventaire%20de%20liquidation

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

inventaire de liquidation : terme et définition extraits du CAPITAL Business Dictionary et reproduits avec l'autorisation de LID Editorial Empresarial.  2, record 18, French, - inventaire%20de%20liquidation

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Inventario que se realiza en caso de cese de la actividad de una empresa. La valoración suele ser inferior al valor contable y de mercado por tener menos capacidad de negociación y por salir de golpe al mercado unas existencias altas.  2, record 18, Spanish, - inventario%20de%20liquidaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

inventario de liquidación: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  3, record 18, Spanish, - inventario%20de%20liquidaci%C3%B3n

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One cannot enter into a discussion of nylon fibers for tire reinforcement without comparing nylon-6 to nylon-66. For the 30 plus years that these two materials have competed for the world's bias-ply truck tire market, the pros and cons have been the object of heated debate. At the center of controversy are the distinctions between the two in regards to thermal mechanical properties. Many people feel even today that nylon-6 is just a nylon-66 with a lower melting point.  1, record 19, English, - nylon%20fiber

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

(...) elements of monopoly power or of market imperfection may enter in, and these imperfections will require us to modify the competitive model.  2, record 20, English, - market%20imperfection

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In cases where externalities, a lack of competition, and other market imperfections drive a wedge between private and social goals, there is general agreement that states can enhance welfare by regulating markets.  3, record 20, English, - market%20imperfection

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque les externalités, le manque de concurrence ou d'autres imperfections des marchés interdisent la coïncidence des objectifs privés et sociaux, il est généralement admis que l'État peut améliorer le bien-être collectif en réglementant le marché.  2, record 20, French, - imperfection%20du%20march%C3%A9

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En los casos en que las externalidades, unidas a la falta de competencia y a otras imperfecciones del mercado, provocan una divergencia entre las metas privadas y las sociales, existe acuerdo general en que el Estado puede aumentar el bienestar reglamentando los mercados.  1, record 20, Spanish, - imperfecci%C3%B3n%20del%20mercado

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Weighted average of five national money market rates that enter into the calculation of the SDR [Special Drawing Rights] rate of interest.  1, record 21, English, - combined%20market%20rate

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A market where there is freedom of entry and exit is costless. Potential entrants can enter such markets whenever profits exceed the normal rate.  2, record 22, English, - contestable%20market

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A contestable market is one into which entry is abs olutely free, and exit is absolutely costless. We use "freedom of entry" in Stigler’s sense, not to mean that it is costless or easy, but that the entrant suffers no disadvantage in terms of production technique or perceived product quality relative to the incumbent, and that potential entrants find it appropriate to evaluate the profitability of entry in terms of the incumbent firms’ pre-entry prices. In short, it is a requirement of contestability that there be no cost discrimination against entrants. Absolute freedom of exit, to us, is one way to guarantee freedom of entry. By this we mean that any firm can leave without impediment, and in the process of departure can recoup any costs incurred in the entry process.  3, record 22, English, - contestable%20market

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Marché où l'entrée est absolument libre et où la sortie est absolument exempte de coût. La firme qui entre ne souffre d'aucun désavantage au niveau des techniques de production ou de la qualité du produit par rapport aux firmes déjà implantées sur le marché.  2, record 22, French, - march%C3%A9%20disputable

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

One cannot enter into a discussion of nylon fibers for tire reinforcement without comparing nylon-6 to nylon-66. For the 30 plus years that these two materials have competed for the world's bias-ply truck tire market, the pros and cons have been the object of heated controversy are the distinctions between the two in regards to thermal mechanical properties. Many people feel even today that nylon-6 is just a nylon-66 with a lower melting point.  1, record 23, English, - bias%2Dply

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A theory holding that(1) a new type of retailing institution gains a foothold in the retailing structure by competing on a low-status, low-price, low-service basis;(2) then, to expand its market, this retail institution increases its service and product offerings, thus increasing its costs and prices;(3) this leaves room at the bottom for the next low-price, low-service type of retailer to enter the retailing structure; and(4) the "wheel of retailing" continues to turn as new institutions enter the retail market.  1, record 24, English, - wheel%2Dof%2Dretailing%20theory

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish