TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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The equilibrium output is the point where planned aggregate expenditure is equal to national income(output).  2, record 1, English, - equilibrium%20output

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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L'analyse qui détermine la production d'équilibre en reliant le revenu […] aux dépenses globales est appelée analyse revenu-dépenses.  2, record 1, French, - production%20d%27%C3%A9quilibre

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Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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An important consequence of [the picture given of how the transverse forces arise] is that it implies one can shape light beams that will trap particles by radiation pressure alone, forming what might be called an "optical bottle. "A high-index particle placed at a certain point in such a nonmaterial container should be in stable equilibrium...  2, record 2, English, - optical%20bottle

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conteneur immatériel réalisé par un ou plusieurs faisceaux de lumière et destiné à piéger des particules sous l'action de la pression de rayonnement.  2, record 2, French, - bouteille%20optique

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The classical mechanism of Hume depended primarily on relative prices. It seems to have assumed, essentially, that employment is always full : that in the long run, trade simply moved a society from one point on its domestic production-possibility frontier to another; that foreign trade never moved society inside its [production-possibility] frontier or pushed it outward toward that frontier from an initial underemployment equilibrium.  3, record 3, English, - price%2Dspecie%20flow%20mechanism

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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Le mécanisme automatique d'ajustement de la balance des paiements qui opérait est connu sous le nom de mécanisme de Hume. Un pays qui enregistre un déficit commercial va perdre de l'or au bénéfice de ses partenaires commerciaux, ce qui contracte son offre de monnaie et gonfle celle du reste du monde, hausse le taux d'intérêt national et favorise en retour un afflux de capitaux étrangers.  3, record 3, French, - m%C3%A9canisme%20de%20Hume

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Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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One in which a the combination of members forms a complete series of triangles; b the axis of all members at each point meet in a common point c the reactions are not restrained horizontally but are vertical under vertical loading; and d the reactions due to sloped loading car be determined by the fundamental equations of static equilibrium.  2, record 4, English, - simple%20truss

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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Some of Ricardo's immediate followers were foolish enough to say "Split the difference between the two countries’ cost ratios, and pick the halfway point... as the ’equilibrium ratio’. "  1, record 5, English, - equilibrium%20ratio

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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... free entry means it cannot persist above that point [Break-even point] in the long-run equilibrium.  1, record 6, English, - free%20entry

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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... its [a competitive firm’s] Maximum-profit equilibrium comes when it follows the rule Price=Marginal Cost or P=MC  1, record 7, English, - maximum%20profit%20equilibrium

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

... any firm-monopolistic or competitive-will find its Maximum-profit equilibrium by nicely balancing its extra cost against its extra revenue (i.e., by finding an intersection of its Marginal Cost curve and what will be defined as its "Marginal Revenue" curve.  1, record 7, English, - maximum%20profit%20equilibrium

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Maximum-profit equilibrium is where Marginal Revenue and Marginal Cost are equal. MR=MC, the Maximum-profit point.  1, record 7, English, - maximum%20profit%20equilibrium

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An analytical or separation procedure similar to gel electrophoresis. It is used to separate proteins and other charged molecules on the basis of their isoelectric point. A series of ampholytes are used to establish a pH gradient within a support gel. The charged molecules migrate through the gel until they reach an equilibrium point at which they carry no net charge and thus are not affected by the electric field across the gel.  1, record 8, English, - isoelectric%20focusing

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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Méthode de séparation très résolutive des protéines qui repose sur la distinction de ces macromolécules selon leur point isoélectrique (pHi). Chaque protéine en effet, comme n'importe quel ampholyte, est définie par son point isoélectrique, valeur du pH du milieu pour lequel sa charge électrique résultante est nulle. Placée à un pH supérieur à son pHi la protéine se charge négativement par perte de protons. A un pH inférieur au pHi, la protéine se charge positivement par capture de protons. Sous l'influence d'un champ électrique continu, les protéines migrent vers la zone de pH "en équilibre" avec leur pH isoélectrique, c'est-à-dire dans la zone où elles seront électriquement neutres.  2, record 8, French, - %C3%A9lectrofocalisation

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Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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Separation of particles according to density by employing a gradient of varying densities; at equilibrium each particle settles in the gradient at a point equal to its density.  1, record 9, English, - density%20gradient%20centrifugation

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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Méthode qui consiste à centrifuger l'homogénat versé à la partie supérieure d'un tube contenant des solutions dont la densité croît de façon continue de la surface jusqu'au fond du tube.  1, record 9, French, - centrifugation%20en%20gradient%20de%20densit%C3%A9

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Centrifugación de alta velocidad que separa las moléculas según sus densidades mediante la aplicación de un gradiente de concentración de cloruro de cesio o sacarosa.  1, record 9, Spanish, - centrifugaci%C3%B3n%20en%20gradiente%20de%20densidad

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El gradiente de densidad puede producirse antes de la centrifugación mezclando dos soluciones de diferente densidad (como en los gradientes de densidad de sacarosa) o bien durante el propio proceso de centrifugación [...]  1, record 9, Spanish, - centrifugaci%C3%B3n%20en%20gradiente%20de%20densidad

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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The state in which a disturbance may cause a body (or a system) to be displaced from its rest position, assuming a new position of equilibrium; left alone the body (or the system) does not return to its original position.  2, record 10, English, - neutral%20equilibrium

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

equilibrium : state of balance. When a body or a system is in equilibrium, there is no net tendency to change. In mechanics, equilibrium has to do with the forces acting on a body.... However, a state of equilibrium does not mean that no forces act on the body, but only that the forces are balanced.... The stability of a body is a measure of its ability to return to a position of equilibrium after being disturbed. It depends on the shape of the body and the location of its center of gravity... A body with a large flat base and a low center of gravity will be very stable, returning quickly to its position of equilibrium after being tipped. However, a body with a small base and high center of gravity will tend to topple if tipped and is thus less stable than the first body. A body balanced precariously on a point is in unstable equilibrium. Some bodies, such as a ball or a cone lying on its side, do not return to their original position of equilibrium when pushed, assuming instead a new position of equilibrium; these are said to be in neutral equilibrium.  1, record 10, English, - neutral%20equilibrium

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In case of a "wave perturbation", "neutral equilibrium" and "neutral stability" are often used interchangeably  2, record 10, English, - neutral%20equilibrium

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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Équilibre d'un corps. Un système est dit en équilibre stable si, écarté de sa position d'équilibre initiale, il y revient de lui-même. Un système est dit en équilibre instable lorsque, écarté de sa position d'équilibre initiale, l'écart s'amplifie naturellement. Un système est dit en équilibre indifférent lorsque, écarté de sa position d'équilibre initiale, il reste dans la nouvelle position qui lui a été donné.  1, record 10, French, - %C3%A9quilibre%20indiff%C3%A9rent

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Cuando un cuerpo es ligeramente apartado de su posición, puede comportarse de tres modos diferentes que constituyen otras tantas formas de equilibrio: si vuelve por sí mismo a la posición primitiva es que se halla en equilibrio estable; si se queda inmóvil en la mueva posición, se halla en equilibrio indiferente [...].  1, record 10, Spanish, - equilibrio%20indiferente

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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An optimal monetary policy would be one that maximizes expected utility. But, recent literature on the analysis of monetary policy in sticky-price DGE [dynamicgeneral equilibrium] models has developed a more direct approach to the formulation of monetary policy objective functions. Goodfriend and King point out that, leaving out issues related to the Friedman rule(or, equivalently, assuming positive nominal interest rates), an optimal monetary policy should stabilize the markup of prices over marginal costs(real marginal cost).  1, record 11, English, - optimal%20monetary%20policy

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La politique monétaire optimale est alors celle qui maximise l'espérance mathématique de cette utilité. Mais des auteurs ayant analysé récemment la politique monétaire au moyen de modèles ynamiques d'équilibre général à prix rigides ont élaboré une approche plus directe pour la formulation de la fonction objectif de la politique monétaire. Goodfriend et King soutiennent qu'abstraction faite des problèmes découlant de la règle de Friedman (en d'autres termes, si l'on suppose des taux d'intérêt nominaux positifs), la politique monétaire optimale devrait viser à stabiliser la marge qui est ajoutée au coût marginal (réel) pour obtenir le prix de vente [...]  1, record 11, French, - politique%20mon%C3%A9taire%20optimale

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The temperature at which [the] crystals [of a pure substance] are in equilibrium with the liquid phase at atmospheric pressure.  6, record 12, English, - melting%20point

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The melting point of a substance should be considered a property of its crystalline form only. At the melting point the liquid and solid forms of a substance exist in equilibrium. All substances of crystalline nature have their characteristic melting points. For very pure substances the temperature range over which the process of fusion occurs is very small. The melting point of a pure crystalline solid is a function of pressure; it increases with increasing pressure for most substances. However, in the case of ice(and a few other substances) the melting point decreases with increasing pressure... Under a pressure of one standard atmosphere, the melting point of pure ice is the same as the ice point, that is, 0°C.  7, record 12, English, - melting%20point

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The melting point is the temperature at which a solid material becomes liquid. The freezing point is the temperature at which liquid material becomes a solid.  8, record 12, English, - melting%20point

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The term "melting point"(mp) is used when the equilibrium temperature is approached by heating the solid. Ordinarily refers to temperature above 0°C, the melting point of ice.  6, record 12, English, - melting%20point

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 3 OBS

... melting point and freezing point are often used interchangeably depending on whether the substance is being heated or cooled.  6, record 12, English, - melting%20point

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Température à laquelle, sous une certaine pression, le solide et le liquide sont en équilibre.  4, record 12, French, - point%20de%20fusion

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'abréviation T_f est utilisée dans les cahiers de la collection Enviroguide d'Environnement Canada.  3, record 12, French, - point%20de%20fusion

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Para una sustancia, la temperatura correspondiente al paso de la fase sólida a la líquida.  4, record 12, Spanish, - temperatura%20de%20fusi%C3%B3n

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Es función de la presión.  4, record 12, Spanish, - temperatura%20de%20fusi%C3%B3n

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

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A climax which is determined by its climate.  2, record 13, English, - climatic%20climax

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Since the Tropical Rain forest is a climatic climax, it must, by definition, be in a state of equilibrium.  3, record 13, English, - climatic%20climax

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

climax : The point in the ecological succession at which a plant-community reaches a state of equilibrium with its environment, able to reproduce itself indefinitely under existing conditions.  3, record 13, English, - climatic%20climax

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Climax dépendant principalement du climat.  2, record 13, French, - climax%20climatique

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Comunidad representativa del óptimo de la vegetación, cuyas características son debidas al clima.  1, record 13, Spanish, - cl%C3%ADmax%20clim%C3%A1tica

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Physiologically (or chemically) maintained equilibrium of acids and bases.  3, record 14, English, - acid%2Dbase%20equilibrium

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... the concept of equilibrium to acid-base chemistry-this concept states that reversible chemical reactions reach a point of balance, or equilibrium, at which the starting materials and the products are each regenerated by one of the two reactions as rapidly as they are consumed by the other.  4, record 14, English, - acid%2Dbase%20equilibrium

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plural form : acid-base equilibria.  5, record 14, English, - acid%2Dbase%20equilibrium

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il importe de remarquer qu'un grand nombre de réactions chimiques sont accélérées par les acides et les bases. Ce phénomène réside vraisemblablement dans le fait que les transferts de protons s'effectuent très rapidement; il est donc possible que des équilibres réversibles acide-base se stabilisent très vite [...]  3, record 14, French, - %C3%A9quilibre%20acide%2Dbase

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Généralement, l'expression "acide-base" ne varie pas au pluriel.  4, record 14, French, - %C3%A9quilibre%20acide%2Dbase

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The point in the ecological succession at which a plant-community reaches a state of equilibrium with its environment, able to reproduce itself indefinitely under existing conditions.  3, record 15, English, - climax

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Since climatic changes, ecological processes, and evolutionary processes cause changes in the environment over very long periods of time, the climax stage is not completely permanent.  2, record 15, English, - climax

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En écologie, le climax désigne l'état final d'une succession écologique et l'état le plus stable dans les conditions abiotiques existantes.  1, record 15, French, - climax

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Comunidad de organismos en equilibrio con las condiciones ambientales que sopone el punto final de la sucesión natural.  2, record 15, Spanish, - cl%C3%ADmax

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The ISS attitude will vary between +15 degrees and-15 degrees for each roll and yaw axis of LVLH [Local Vertical/Local Horizontal] and between +15 degrees to-20 degrees for the pitch axis... At any point on the ISS non-articulated portion, which means the portion excluding rotating elements such as photovoltaic arrays and Thermal Control System(TCS) radiators, the ISS will provide estimates of the ISS LVLH attitude to an accuracy of 3 degrees per axis(3 sigma) and inertial rates to an accuracy of 0. 01 degrees per second per axis(3 sigma). When controlling to the TEA [Torque Equilibrium Attitude] with non-propulsive effectors, the ISS will maintain attitude stability to 3. 5 degrees per axis per orbit.  2, record 16, English, - ISS%20attitude

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ISS attitude: term officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).  3, record 16, English, - ISS%20attitude

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

attitude de la Station spatiale : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).  2, record 16, French, - attitude%20de%20la%20Station%20spatiale

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The temperature at which a liquid solidifies under the influence of a particular set of conditions.  3, record 17, English, - freezing%20point

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It may or may not be the same as the melting point or the more rigidly defined true freezing point or(for water) ice point. It is not an "equilibrium" property of a substance; it applies to the liquid phase only. The freezing point is somewhat dependent upon : the "purity" of the liquid; the volume and shape of the liquid mass; the availability of freezing nuclei; and the pressure acting upon the liquid.  2, record 17, English, - freezing%20point

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Température de solidification d'un liquide dans des conditions données.  5, record 17, French, - point%20de%20cong%C3%A9lation

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Ne pas confondre avec le point de gelée blanche et le point de glace.  6, record 17, French, - point%20de%20cong%C3%A9lation

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Temperatura de solidificación de un líquido en condiciones determinadas.  3, record 17, Spanish, - temperatura%20de%20congelaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Construir un diagrama eutéctico simple en un equilibrio sólido-liquido. Efectuar el análisis térmico de las curvas de enfriamiento y los sistemas eutécticos simples. Construir los diagramas de temperatura de congelación en formación de compuesto. Graficar diagramas de soluciones sólidas y determinar su elevación de su temperatura de solidificación.  4, record 17, Spanish, - temperatura%20de%20congelaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Esta información es importante porque un material congelado puede reventar el recipiente donde está contenido o los peligros pueden cambiar.  5, record 17, Spanish, - temperatura%20de%20congelaci%C3%B3n

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Record 19,  Textual support,  English

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displacement : the distance from a neutral or equilibrium point to any specified point of a path in vibratory motion.  1, record 19, English, - vibratory%20motion

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

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Mouvement qu'exécute un corps de part et d'autre de sa position d'équilibre.  2, record 19, French, - mouvement%20vibratoire

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Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On the other hand, a ball can be poised in unstable equilibrium on a pencil' s point. When the initial position is near this equilibrium, the ball seems to be pushed away, before converging to stable equilibrium elsewhere. The set of all unstable equilibrium states, plus their limit points, is called repeller.  3, record 20, English, - repeller

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble des états loin d'équilibre vers lesquels s'orientent les trajectoires divergentes dans l'espace des phases.  2, record 20, French, - r%C3%A9pulseur

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le plus simple répulseur est le point répulsif, l'opposé du point attractif.  2, record 20, French, - r%C3%A9pulseur

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

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The state of soap in the pan, appearing in the form of "flocks or grains" of concentrated soap, in equilibrium with a lye in which the electrolyte content is equal to or higher than that defined by the graining point. [Definition standardized by ISO. ]  2, record 21, English, - curd%20soap

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

curd soap; grained soap; kettlewax: terms standardized by ISO.  3, record 21, English, - curd%20soap

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

État du savon en chaudron, se présentant sous forme de [flocons ou grains] de savon concentré, en équilibre avec une lessive dont la teneur en électrolytes est égale ou supérieure à celle définie par le point de grainage.  2, record 21, French, - savon%20grain%C3%A9

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

savon grainé : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  3, record 21, French, - savon%20grain%C3%A9

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Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

the quantity and the price sellers are willing to offer are equal to the quantity and price that buyers are willing to accept.  2, record 22, English, - equilibrium%20point

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A viscometer which consists of a spindle rotated in a container of a sample liquid. The principle involved is that the viscosity is directly proportional to the torque required to drive the spindle.  1, record 23, English, - rotating%20spindle%20apparatus%20for%20measuring%20viscosity

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The principle of the rotation type viscosity measuring element or the rotational spindle type viscosity measuring element is that viscosity of a fluid is directly proportional to the torque produced by the resistance to shearing stress on a spindle rotating in a fluid.  2, record 23, English, - rotating%20spindle%20apparatus%20for%20measuring%20viscosity

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In the torque viscometer, a sensor(spindle) is rotated at some speed through the same couple arrangement which allows the sensor to be displaced to an equilibrium position at which point the calibrated torque spring gives a reference to the viscosity of the fluid being measured. Different types of spindles and speeds may be used.  3, record 23, English, - rotating%20spindle%20apparatus%20for%20measuring%20viscosity

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The rotating-vane-type viscosity measuring element depends upon the drag on a rotating member in contact with the material whose viscosity is to be measured. The vane or rotating element is driven by a synchronous electrical motor. The torque required to rotate the member of the vane is measured and is proportional to the viscosity in contact with the rotating element. The synchronous motor drives the cage at a constant speed. The upper spindle arm is coupled to the cage through a calibrated beryllium-copper spring. During measurement, the spring is wound up until its force exactly equals the viscous drag on the spindle; then the cage and spindle continue to operate at the same speed, but with a definite angular relationship to each other proportional to the torque on the spring.  4, record 23, English, - rotating%20spindle%20apparatus%20for%20measuring%20viscosity

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Viscosimètre dont le dispositif tournant est entraîné à vitesse constante par un moteur synchrone, et l'on mesure le couple nécessaire à cette rotation en reliant par un ressort le moteur et l'arbre sur lequel est monté le dispositif. La torsion du ressort, c'est-à-dire le déphasage (ou le décalage) entre le moteur et l'arbre est une mesure du couple, donc de la viscosité.  1, record 23, French, - viscosim%C3%A8tre%20rotatif

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le principe du viscosimètre rotatif ou du viscosimètre à corps tournant est qu'un objet qui tourne dans un liquide subit une force de ralentissement due à la viscosité du liquide. Il s'agit généralement d'un cylindre aux extrémités coniques, l'ensemble du dispositif ayant la forme d'un fuseau. On emploie aussi des disques et des roues à aubes.  1, record 23, French, - viscosim%C3%A8tre%20rotatif

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An attractor that consists of a single point in phase space and describes a stationary state of a system.  2, record 24, English, - attractor%20point

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Let us first examine the simplest attractor : a point. The "orbit" following the motion of a small ball put inside a funnel begins with wiggles that depend on its initial position and velocity, but converges eventually to the funnel' s tip; if the ball is bigger than the funnel aperture it comes to rest at the tip. The tip is a stable equilibrium point, or stable fixed point, for the ball.... The funnel' s tip is called an attractor point.  7, record 24, English, - attractor%20point

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The point attractor is a solution which is independent of time that is, a steady state attractor. The system does not evolve.  6, record 24, English, - attractor%20point

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See dynamical dissipative system, basin of attraction, limit cycle, torus. Compare to repelling point, saddle-point.  8, record 24, English, - attractor%20point

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Le plus simple type d'attracteur. Point singulier correspondant à une solution stationnaire de l'équation du mouvement et caractérisant un système qui évolue toujours vers un état unique.  4, record 24, French, - point%20attracteur

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quand le module initial de z est assez petit, le point représentatif tend vers un point particulier; quand le module initial est assez grand, il croît indéfiniment, et l'infini joue alors le rôle d'attracteur. Le premier point attracteur et l'infini constituent donc deux orbites attractives pour les points du plan complexe (...)  6, record 24, French, - point%20attracteur

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le point d'équilibre unique d'une pendule amortie en est l'exemple classique de ce type d'attracteur. S'oppose à répulseur, point répulsif.  7, record 24, French, - point%20attracteur

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The trajectories initiated at such points reduce trivially to the points themselves since the system does not evolve. The conditions define the fixed points, also called the singular, critical or equilibrium points, of the vector field. In contrast, trajectories initiated at any other point, called regular, do not reduce trivially to a point.  5, record 26, English, - fixed%20point

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En ces points le système n'évolue pas. Ces conditions définissent les points fixes, encore appelés points singuliers, critiques ou d'équilibre, du champ de vecteur. Par opposition, les trajectoires initialisées en tout autre point, appelé régulier, ne se réduisent pas trivialement à ce point et décrivent un système qui évolue effectivement.  1, record 26, French, - point%20fixe

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In addition, we shall cast a first glance toward more general perspectives relative to one of the most active areas of physics, the theory of critical points. The best-known among them is the "point" on a temperature-pressure diagram that describes the physical conditions under which solid, liquid, and gaseous phases can coexist at equilibrium in a single physical system.  1, record 28, English, - theory%20of%20critical%20points

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An equation for the forces acting on a pile at equilibrium : P=pA+tS-sn sin [phi], where P is the load, A is the area of the pile point, S is the embedded surface of the pile, T is the force per unit area parallel to S, n is the force per unit area normal to S, and [phi] is the taper angle of the pile.  5, record 29, English, - pile%20formula

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Generally as the pile is driven, more and more blows are required to produce 1 in. of penetration. About 10 blows per inch is considered the refusal. The set in such a case is 1/10 in. The value of the set is used to check the bearing power of a pile in pile-driving formulas, such as the Engineering News formula published in all American civil engineering textbooks and handbooks concerned with this field.  6, record 29, English, - pile%20formula

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Formules de battage : Formules donnant la charge limite d'un pieu (ou d'un pénétromètre) en fonction de ses caractéristiques et de celles de l'engin de battage d'une part, de la valeur du refus, d'autre part.  4, record 29, French, - formule%20de%20battage

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Détermination de la portance d'un pieu au moyen des formules de battage.  5, record 29, French, - formule%20de%20battage

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For a two-component [equilibrium] system, the invariant point in a phase diagram is a quadruple point at which four phases coexist.  1, record 30, English, - quadruple%20point

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

See the record for "triple point".  2, record 30, English, - quadruple%20point

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il se peut que, dans les systèmes formés de deux composants, on rencontre des points qui ne varient pas avec la coexistence de quatre ou cinq phases; autrement dit, des points quadruples ou quintuples, ainsi que des lignes monovariantes avec la coexistence de trois phases, etc., conformément à la règle des phases.  1, record 30, French, - point%20quadruple

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In distillation process, the trays are at different temperatures and their function is the transfer of both mass and heat. At each tray, the rising vapor is warmer than the falling liquid and the tray temperature is somewhere in between. The temperature of the tray is at the boiling point of the liquid on the tray.... Distillation tray efficiencies are a measure of the physical equilibrium attained on the tray between the liquid and the vapors. The efficiencies normally range from 50 to 80%.  1, record 31, English, - distillation%20tray%20efficiency

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Plate efficiency: This term is used to express the relationship between the performance of an actual plate and a theoretical plate. Many definitions have been given for plate efficiency, but the simplest to use is the overall column efficiency which is the ratio of the number of theoretical plates required for a given separation divided by the actual number of plates needed.  2, record 31, English, - distillation%20tray%20efficiency

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Évaluation de l'efficacité d'un plateau. Efficacité locale : On considère dans une colonne en état de régime stable le plateau de rang n [...] Ce plateau reçoit une vapeur de composition y^n-1.  1, record 31, French, - efficacit%C3%A9%20du%20plateau%20de%20distillation

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Note that at the equilibrium point, where no Further trade is possible, relative(extra, or "marginal") production costs in the two countries are equal(...)  1, record 32, English, - relative%20marginal%20production%20cost

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The fact that buyers and sellers are different people who may have different people who may have different incomes or wealth hides the truth that the competitive equilibrium point has certain allocative efficiency properties in solving the what and how economic problems.  1, record 33, English, - competitive%20equilibrium%20point

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There are still gains from trade; but because of diminishing returns and increasing costs, there is not so much specialization as before and not quite such large gains. Note that at the equilibrium point, where no further trade is possible, relative(extra, or "marginal") production costs in the two countries are equal(...)  1, record 34, English, - relative%20extra%20production%20cost

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the absence of technical change, capital accumulation takes us down the dd curve from A to B and perhaps ultimately to the Ricardian equilibrium point E at which people feel it no longer pays them to save any per cent of their incomes for enhanced future consumption.  1, record 35, English, - Ricardian%20equilibrium%20point

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

If we know the supply and demand curves for(...) laborers [who are all exactly alike in skill, effort and every other respect](...), then the competitive equilibrium wage must be at E, the intersection point.  1, record 36, English, - competitive%20equilibrium%20wage

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish