TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In AI [artificial intelligence], the default logic is a reasoning method that allows for the drawing of conclusions from a set of given premises that are incomplete or uncertain. It is based on the principle of assuming the truth of something unless there is evidence to the contrary.  2, record 1, English, - default%20logic

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A false belief that is firmly maintained in spite of incontrovertible and obvious proof or evidence to the contrary and in spite of the fact that other members of the culture do not share the belief.  3, record 2, English, - delusion

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Croyance erronée fondée sur une déduction incorrecte concernant la réalité extérieure, fermement soutenue en dépit de l'opinion très généralement partagée et de tout ce qui constitue une preuve incontestable et évidente du contraire.  2, record 2, French, - id%C3%A9e%20d%C3%A9lirante

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Failure to exercise reasonable care of an animal or a bird, thereby causing it suffering or injury by wilful neglect, in the absence of evidence to the contrary.  1, record 4, English, - failure%20to%20exercise%20reasonable%20care

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

omission d'accorder des soins raisonnables : terme tiré du Mini-lexique sur les infractions concernant les biens et les droits de propriété et reproduit avec l'autorisation du Centre de ressources en français juridique de l'Université de Saint-Boniface.  2, record 4, French, - omission%20d%27accorder%20des%20soins%20raisonnables

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In some systems, such as that of Massachusetts, an official survey is made of the land parcel. A hearing is scheduled, and if there is no persuasive contrary evidence, the owner's petition is granted and a certificate of registration is issued, bringing the land within the system.(Cunningham, Stoebuck and Whitman, 3rd ed., 1984, p. 830).  2, record 5, English, - certificate%20of%20registration

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

certificat d'enregistrement : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 5, French, - certificat%20d%27enregistrement

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Once a formally valid marriage is proved or presumed it will also be presumed in the absence of some evidence to the contrary that the marriage is essentially valid, i. e. that the parties had the capacity to marry, and that their consent was real.  2, record 6, English, - essentially%20valid%20marriage

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

mariage valide quant au fond : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 6, French, - mariage%20valide%20quant%20au%20fond

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Where there is evidence of a ceremony of marriage having been gone through, followed by the cohabitation of the parties, everything necessary for the validity of the marriage will be presumed in the absence of decisive evidence to the contrary.  2, record 7, English, - presumption%20of%20validity%20of%20marriage

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La preuve d'une cérémonie de mariage suivie de la cohabitation matrimoniale des époux fait naître une présomption de validité du mariage.  2, record 7, French, - pr%C3%A9somption%20de%20validit%C3%A9%20du%20mariage

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

présomption de validité du mariage : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation, Promotion de l'accès à la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 7, French, - pr%C3%A9somption%20de%20validit%C3%A9%20du%20mariage

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In a proceeding in relation to an application, the written statement of the returning officer is, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, sufficient evidence of the holding of the election and of any person named in the certificate having been a candidate.  2, record 8, English, - holding%20of%20the%20election

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans toute requête en contestation, la déclaration écrite du directeur du scrutin constitue, sauf preuve contraire, une preuve suffisante de la tenue de l'élection et du fait que tout individu désigné dans cette déclaration y a été candidat.  2, record 8, French, - tenue%20de%20l%27%C3%A9lection

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Evidence which shifts the burden of proof ... (Jowitt’s, p. 729)  2, record 9, English, - prima%20facie%20evidence

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Prima facie evidence is evidence which, if accepted by the tribunal, establishes a fact in the absence of acceptable evidence to the contrary. "  3, record 9, English, - prima%20facie%20evidence

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

preuve prima facie : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 9, French, - preuve%20prima%20facie

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A presumption of law is one which, once the basic fact is proved and no evidence to the contrary has been introduced, compels a finding of the existence of the presumed fact.(Black's, p. 1068)  1, record 10, English, - presumption%20of%20law

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

présomption légale : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 10, French, - pr%C3%A9somption%20l%C3%A9gale

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Preuve visant à détruire l'effet d'une présomption légale relative.  2, record 11, French, - preuve%20contraire

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Every one who, being a witness in a judicial proceeding, gives evidence with respect to any matter of fact or knowledge and who subsequently, in a judicial proceeding, gives evidence that is contrary to his previous evidence is guilty of an indictable offence....(Criminal Code, s. 124(1]  1, record 12, English, - contradictory%20evidence

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Témoignage, dont une partie est incompatible avec une autre portion du même témoignage, ou qui est incompatible avec un autre témoignage du même témoin.  1, record 12, French, - t%C3%A9moignage%20contradictoire

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

témoignage contradictoire: terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 12, French, - t%C3%A9moignage%20contradictoire

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

preuve contraire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 13, French, - preuve%20contraire

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

To say the contrary; to give evidence to disprove the testimony which has been received.(Ballentine's, p. 265)  1, record 14, English, - contradict

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

contredire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 14, French, - contredire

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Natural boundaries are those which are not placed in position by man : natural water-courses, lakes, islands, the seashore and the like. In these cases certain rebuttable presumptions may arise at common law which help to establish ownership of boundary features and the line of demarcation between adjacent properties, in the absence of contrary evidence.(Powell-Smith, 2nd ed., 1975, p. 4).  1, record 15, English, - line%20of%20demarcation

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

ligne de démarcation : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 15, French, - ligne%20de%20d%C3%A9marcation

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Ad medium filum viae"(or "aquae"). Where the boundary between the lands of different owners is a road or a non-tidal river, each of such owners is presumed, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, to own the road or river up to an imaginary line or thread("filum") drawn along the centre of the road("via") or river("aqua"), subject, in the case of the road, to the rights of the public and of local authorities in respect of its use and maintenance as a highway.(Jowitt, 2nd ed., 1977, p. 45).  1, record 16, English, - ad%20medium%20filum%20aquae%20rule

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

règle «ad medium filum aquae»; règle «ad filum aquae»; règle «medium filum aquae»; règle du «medium filum aquae»; règle «usque ad medium filum aquae» : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 16, French, - r%C3%A8gle%20ad%20medium%20filum%20aquae

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"Ad medium filum viae" Rule... At common law, where the boundary between A's land and B's land is a road, there is a presumption that, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, each owns the road up to an imaginary line or thread drawn along the centre of the road; the respective ownership of A and B is said to be "ad medium filum viae".(Di Castri, Registration of Title to Land, 1987, p. 18-789).  1, record 17, English, - ad%20medium%20filum%20viae%20rule

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

règle «ad medium filum viae»; règle «medium filum viae» : termes normalisés par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 17, French, - r%C3%A8gle%20ad%20medium%20filum%20viae

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Boundaries may be classified in a number of ways. They are either natural or artificial.(...) In these cases certain rebuttable presumptions may arise at common law which help to establish ownership of boundary features and the line of demarcation between adjacent properties, in the absence of contrary evidence.(Powell-Smith, p. 4)  1, record 18, English, - adjacent%20property

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

propriété adjacente : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).  2, record 18, French, - propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20adjacente

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of urea to ammonia and carbon dioxide.  2, record 19, English, - urease

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

It was therefore a major landmark in the history of enzyme research when, in 1897, Eduard Buchner succeeded in extracting from yeast cells that enzymes catalyzing alcoholic fermentation. This achievement clearly demonstrated that these important enzymes, which catalyze a major energy-yielding metabolic pathway, can function independently of cell structure. However, it was not until many years later that an enzyme was first isolated in pure crystalline form. This was accomplished by J. B. Sumner in 1926 for the enzyme urease isolated from extracts of the jack bean. Sumner presented evidence that the crystals consist of protein, and he concluded, contrary to prevailing opinion, that enzymes are proteins.  3, record 19, English, - urease

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Enzyme catalysant l'hydrolyse de l'urée en carbonate d'ammonium. Elle est présente chez les végétaux ou chez les microorganismes responsables de la décomposition de l'urée dans les urines exposées à l'air. L'enzyme est utilisée pour le dosage spécifique de l'urée dans les milieux biologiques.  2, record 19, French, - ur%C3%A9ase

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un très grand nombre de dosages, en particulier en analyse médicale, requièrent l'utilisation d'enzymes. Ces enzymes solubles peuvent être remplacées avantageusement par des enzymes insolubilisées sur des supports papier ou Nylon. [...] Beaucoup plus original est le développement d'électrodes biologiques, dites «électrodes à enzymes». Il s'agit en fait d'électrodes mixtes. Ainsi, dans le cas d'une électrode à urée, l'uréase adsorbée sur un gel convertit l'urée en ions ammonium et HCO₃^-. Une électrode sensible aux ions NH₄⁺ permet la mesure directe de la quantité d'urée disponible (qui détermine en fait la vitesse de production d'ions NH₄⁺).  3, record 19, French, - ur%C3%A9ase

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mind guard is a conscious or unconscious group decision not to hear contrary evidence or listen to outsiders who might express opinions contrary to group opinion.  1, record 20, English, - mind%20guard

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

protection de la pensée : Terme fourni par l'École de psychologie à l'Université d'Ottawa.  1, record 20, French, - protection%20de%20la%20pens%C3%A9e

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A written acknowledgment of parentage that is admitted in evidence in any civil proceeding against the interest of the person making the acknowledgment is proof, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, of the fact.  1, record 21, English, - acknowledgement%20of%20parentage

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La reconnaissance écrite de filiation admise en preuve dans une instance civile contre l’intérêt de son auteur constitue la preuve, en l’absence de preuve contraire, des faits.  1, record 21, French, - reconnaissance%20de%20filiation

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

An admission may not be divided except where it contains facts which are foreign to the issue, or where the part of the admission objected to is improbable or contradicted by indications of bad faith or by contrary evidence, or where the facts contained in the admission are unrelated to each other.  2, record 22, English, - divisible%20admission

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Divisible. capable of being or liable to be divided or separated. Antonym: indivisible ...  3, record 22, English, - divisible%20admission

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aveu qui contient des faits étrangers à la contestation liée ou non connexes entre eux ou dont la partie contestée est invraisemblable ou contredite par des indices de mauvaise foi ou par une preuve contraire.  2, record 22, French, - aveu%20divisible

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'aveu est divisible s'il contient des faits étrangers à la contestation, si la partie contestée de l'aveu est invraisemblable ou contredite par des indices de mauvaise foi ou par une preuve contraire ou s'il n'y a pas de connexité entre les faits mentionnés dans l'aveu.  3, record 22, French, - aveu%20divisible

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Tempa Cisterna Member, which has a north western feeding, reaches its maximun thickness(350 m) in the inner thrust sheet; on the contrary, the Jazzo Porcellini Member shows evidence of a consistent eastern supply and has its maximun thickness(250 m) in the outer thrust sheet.  3, record 23, English, - outer%20thrust%20sheet

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

outer thrust sheet: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  4, record 23, English, - outer%20thrust%20sheet

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nappe externe : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  2, record 23, French, - nappe%20externe

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Means that the article sold shall be of the general kind described and reasonably fit for the general purpose for which it shall have been sold, and where the article sold is ordinarily used in but one way, its fitness for use in that particular way is impliedly warranted unless there is evidence to the contrary.  6, record 24, English, - merchantability

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Every trade union or commercial association that applies for the registration of a trade-mark may be required to furnish satisfactory evidence that its existence is not contrary to the laws of the country in which its headquarters are situated.  2, record 25, English, - commercial%20association

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] rien n'empêche une association commerciale de demander l'enregistrement d'une marque de certification constituée d'une indication géographique qu'elle soit ou non reconnue par le ministre et ce, même si cette association commerciale n'est pas accréditée comme organisme de certification.  2, record 25, French, - association%20commerciale

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Chaque syndicat ouvrier ou chaque association commerciale demandant l'enregistrement d'une marque de commerce peut être requise de fournir une preuve satisfaisante que son existence n'est pas contraire au droit du pays où son bureau principal est situé.  3, record 25, French, - association%20commerciale

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the absence of any decision to the contrary by the [Int. ] Court [of Justice] speeches and statements made and evidence given at the hearing in one of the official languages of the Court shall be interpreted into the other official language. If they are made or given in any other language, they shall be interpreted into the two official languages of the Court.  1, record 26, English, - official%20language

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Art. 70, Rules of the International Court of Justice.  2, record 26, English, - official%20language

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Langue dont l'emploi est prescrit dans les délibérations, résolutions, procès-verbaux et documents d'une conférence ou d'un organe international.  1, record 26, French, - langue%20officielle

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Minister's certificate.... A document purporting to have been issued by the Minister certifying the day on which the events giving rise to a claim under this section came to the knowledge of the Minister shall be received in evidence and, in the absence of any evidence to the contrary, the document shall be considered as proof of that fact without proof of the signature or of the official character of the person appearing to have signed the document and without further proof.  1, record 27, English, - in%20the%20absence%20of%20any%20evidence%20to%20the%20contrary

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Statute cited: Canadian Environmental Protection Act.  2, record 27, English, - in%20the%20absence%20of%20any%20evidence%20to%20the%20contrary

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Certificat du ministre. [...] Le document censé [avoir été] délivré par le ministre et attestant la date où les faits à l'origine des créances visées au présent article sont venus à sa connaissance fait foi de ce fait, en l'absence de preuve contraire, sans qu'il soit nécessaire de prouver l'authenticité de la signature qui y est apposée ou la qualité officielle du signataire.  1, record 27, French, - en%20l%27absence%20de%20preuve%20contraire

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Loi citée : Loi canadienne sur la protection de l'environnement.  2, record 27, French, - en%20l%27absence%20de%20preuve%20contraire

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A document in itself as opposed to an endorsement on a document.  3, record 29, English, - certificate%20of%20ownership

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

A certificate of ownership... is proof, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, of the matters therein contained...  4, record 29, English, - certificate%20of%20ownership

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Acte par lequel un fonctionnaire ou un agent public atteste l'existence d'un droit sur une chose ou une valeur.  2, record 29, French, - certificat%20de%20propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le certificat de propriété [...] constitue une preuve, en l'absence de preuve contraire, de son contenu.  3, record 29, French, - certificat%20de%20propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Un document en soi, par opposition à un endossement sur un document.  4, record 29, French, - certificat%20de%20propri%C3%A9t%C3%A9

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

in the absence of evidence to the contrary : Terminology used by Citizenship and Immigration Canada.  3, record 30, English, - in%20the%20absence%20of%20evidence%20to%20the%20contrary

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As a rule the costs agreed to by management at the time of the initial commitment are assumed to be prudent in the absence of evidence to the contrary.  2, record 31, English, - prudent%20cost%20concept

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En principe, les coûts auxquels consent la direction à l'époque de l'engagement initial sont présumés être raisonnables, sauf preuves contraires.  2, record 31, French, - concept%20de%20co%C3%BBt%20raisonnable

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process of drawing inferences, from less than conclusive evidence, in the absence of any information to the contrary. It is characteristic to such reasoning that its conclusions are tentative : they may well be withdrawn in the light of new information. Bob Moore(1983) distinguishes between "default reasoning" and "autoepistemic reasoning".  2, record 32, English, - default%20reasoning

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Raisonnement à partir d'informations incomplètes.  2, record 32, French, - raisonnement%20par%20d%C3%A9faut

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A controlled-block holder. A holding of more than 20 % of the outstanding voting securities of an issuer, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, will be deemed to affect materially the control of the issuer.  2, record 33, English, - control%2Dblock%20holder

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Control-block holder: Source - ABI/INFORM bibliographic data base.  1, record 33, English, - control%2Dblock%20holder

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish