TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Agriculture lobbyists work to make sure government officials hear the voice and position of companies, organizations, industries and even communities. It is their goal to influence policy development and look out for the interests of the individuals they represent. Furthermore, they develop and suggest strategies to enact new laws and change existing laws to affect agriculture in positive ways.  1, record 1, English, - agriculture%20lobbyist

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gender needs. The roles of men and women in existing societies and institutions are generally different. Thus, their needs vary accordingly. Two types of needs are usually identified practical needs and strategic needs. Practical needs arise from the actual conditions which women and men experience because of the gender roles assigned to them in society. Strategic needs are the needs required to overcome the subordinate position of women to men in society, and relate to the empowerment of women. They vary according to the particular social, economic, and political context in which they are formulated.  2, record 2, English, - gender%20need

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gender need : Cette désignation est habituellement utilisée au pluriel.  3, record 2, English, - gender%20need

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

besoin de chaque sexe; besoin selon le genre; besoin sexospécifique : Ces désignations sont habituellement utilisées au pluriel.  3, record 2, French, - besoin%20de%20chaque%20sexe

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Real Academia de la Lengua Española desaconseja el uso de la palabra "género", del inglés "gender", para todas las nociones relativas a diferencias o desigualdades de índole social, económica, política, laboral, etc. En español, debe emplearse el término "sexo" y sus derivados "sexista", "sexual".  3, record 2, Spanish, - necesidad%20de%20cada%20sexo

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The AgriProcessing Initiative(API) is part of the Agricultural Flexibility Fund announced in Budget 2009. The initiative is designed to enhance the competitiveness of the agri-processing sector in Canada. It provides support to existing processing companies for agri-processing projects that involve the adoption of innovative and new-to-company manufacturing technologies and processes that are essential to sustaining and improving the sector's position in today's global marketplace.  3, record 3, English, - AgriProcessing%20Initiative

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Initiative élaborée dans le cadre du Fonds Agri-flexibilité pour les transformateurs de produits agricoles.  2, record 3, French, - Initiative%20Agri%2Dtransformation

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Federal Aviation Administration(FAA) has approved the use of Allied Signal' s enhanced ground proximity warning system(EGPWS) on all American Airlines Boeing 757 aircraft.... The new EGPWS provides a detailed map of the terrain in the vicinity of the aircraft. Using an existing navigation system, such as the Global Positioning System(GPS), the aircraft's position is correlated with a database-driven terrain map which provides the pilot with real time awareness of the aircraft's position. The moving map, which is displayed on a cockpit screen, will aid the pilot in maintaining proper altitude and terrain clearance.  3, record 4, English, - enhanced%20ground%20proximity%20warning%20system

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

enhanced ground proximity warning system; EGPWS: term and abbreviation officially approved by the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO).  4, record 4, English, - enhanced%20ground%20proximity%20warning%20system

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les avions de ligne sont en général équipés pour détecter ces dangers : radar météo, système d'alerte de proximité du sol GPWS ou système anticollision TCAS [...]  2, record 4, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27avertissement%20de%20proximit%C3%A9%20du%20sol%20am%C3%A9lior%C3%A9

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

système d'avertissement de proximité du sol amélioré; dispositif renforcé d'avertissement de proximité du sol; EGPWS : termes et abréviation uniformisés par l'Organisation de l'aviation civile internationale (OACI).  4, record 4, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20d%27avertissement%20de%20proximit%C3%A9%20du%20sol%20am%C3%A9lior%C3%A9

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

sistema mejorado de advertencia de la proximidad del terreno; EGPWS: término y abreviatura aceptados oficialmente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  2, record 4, Spanish, - sistema%20mejorado%20de%20advertencia%20de%20la%20proximidad%20del%20terreno

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

sistema mejorado de advertencia de la proximidad del terreno; EGPWS: término y abreviatura aceptados officiellemente por la Organización de Aviación Civil Internacional (OACI).  3, record 4, Spanish, - sistema%20mejorado%20de%20advertencia%20de%20la%20proximidad%20del%20terreno

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

SNOM is the acronym for "scanning near-field optical microscopy," an alternative name for NSOM (near-field scanning optical microscopy). The basic principle of such a kind of technique is quite simple: light passes through a sub-wavelength diameter aperture and illuminates a sample that is placed within its near field, at a distance much less than the wavelength of the light. The resolution achieved is far better than that which conventional optical microscopes can attain.  4, record 5, English, - scanning%20near%2Dfield%20optical%20microscopy

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Microscopists are now in a position to transfer the refinements of the past 100-year techniques for enhancing contrast and highlighting specific features, such as polarization contrast, immunofluorescence and phase contrast to scanning near-field optical microscopy. With existing scanned-probe microscopes we can "see" the nanometer realm of molecules and microcircuits. As the same technology is applied to optical microscopy, we may eventually come to see that world in the familiar terms of light, shadow and color.  6, record 5, English, - scanning%20near%2Dfield%20optical%20microscopy

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces interactions se produisent à l'échelle moléculaire, c'est pourquoi il est très important d'analyser les propriétés physico-chimiques de la surface à l'échelle atomique et moléculaire. Pour ce faire nous utilisons dans notre groupe les techniques de microscopie à champ proche à balayage : microscopie à effet tunnel (STM), microscopie à force atomique ou effet de force (AFM-SFM), microscopie optique à champ proche à balayage (SNOM).  1, record 5, French, - microscopie%20optique%20%C3%A0%20champ%20proche%20%C3%A0%20balayage

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'équipe [...] a réussi à visualiser ce phénomène biologique en recourant à la microscopie optique à balayage à champ proche (NSOM). Cette technologie d'imagerie éclaire la cellule en canalisant la lumière dans une sonde à fibre optique plus petite qu'un micron. La minuscule ouverture de la sonde (guère plus de 50 nanomètres de diamètre) interdit la diffraction des rayons lumineux qui réduit normalement la résolution en microscopie classique.  3, record 5, French, - microscopie%20optique%20%C3%A0%20champ%20proche%20%C3%A0%20balayage

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El grupo de investigación [...] ha desarrollado un nuevo método de fabricación de nanoagujas localizadas en el interior de muestras de distintos materiales, que presentan un amplio rango de aplicaciones, como la la preparación de muestras para análisis por microscopía electrónica de transmisión (TEM) y transmisión-barrido (STEM), para técnicas de microscopía óptica de barrido de campo cercano, tomografía electrónica y microscopía de sonda atómica.  1, record 5, Spanish, - microscop%C3%ADa%20%C3%B3ptica%20de%20barrido%20de%20campo%20cercano

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gap analysis evaluates the difference between the organization's current position, and its desired future. Gap analysis results in development of specific strategies and allocation of resources to close the gap. For example, a university may aim to graduate 60% of each class’ first time freshmen after 4 years. If the campus is currently at 40% it constitutes a 20% gap between the existing situation and desired one. Understanding the nature of this gap will allow the university to develop specific strategies to achieve the desired 60% completion rate.  2, record 6, English, - gap%20analysis

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode liée aux systèmes de planification de l'entreprise, qui consiste à organiser l'avenir de l'entreprise en définissant les efforts qu'il faudra pour obtenir un taux de croissance déterminé, notamment en termes de bénéfices.  2, record 6, French, - analyse%20de%20l%27%C3%A9cart

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une fois que vous comprenez bien les composantes essentielles d'un SGS [Système de gestion de la sécurité], vous pouvez commencer à planifier la mise sur pied du système. La première étape consiste à déterminer quels sont les composantes et éléments qui sont déjà en place et quels sont ceux qui manquent. Une telle démarche s'appelle une «analyse de l'écart» et c'est une excellente méthode pour identifier les domaines à traiter en priorité.  3, record 6, French, - analyse%20de%20l%27%C3%A9cart

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A plan showing the size of a building site and its relationship to adjacent existing roads footpaths and buildings. It may include the outline of a proposed new building.  4, record 7, English, - site%20plan

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 DEF

A plan showing the boundaries of a piece of land relative to its surroundings and the position of existing and proposed structures, facilities and utilities.  5, record 7, English, - site%20plan

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The term "site plan"is also used to refer to a plan which describes how a site is to be developed.  5, record 7, English, - site%20plan

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

site plan; location plan: terms and definition approved by the committee set up by the Centre international GP to study the terminology related to major project management.  6, record 7, English, - site%20plan

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 OBS

site plan: term standardized by ISO.  7, record 7, English, - site%20plan

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Plan qui situe un terrain dans son environnement immédiat et qui indique la position des ouvrages et des services existants ou projetés.  3, record 7, French, - plan%20de%20situation

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

plan de situation : terme et définition approuvés par le comité chargé par le Centre international GP d'étudier les termes de la gestion des grands projets.  4, record 7, French, - plan%20de%20situation

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

plan de situation : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  5, record 7, French, - plan%20de%20situation

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A loss or weakening of the equity position of an existing shareholder as a result of a new issue of shares.  5, record 8, English, - dilution

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dilution: term reproduced from the CAPITAL Business Dictionary with the permission of LID Editorial Empresarial.  6, record 8, English, - dilution

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phénomène lié à l'émission de nouvelles actions et dont l'effet, pour les actionnaires qui ne peuvent les acquérir au prorata des actions qu'ils détiennent, est une réduction de leur pourcentage de participation par rapport au total des actions émises, et donc une diminution de leur influence dans la société en cause.  3, record 8, French, - dilution

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dilution : terme extrait du CAPITAL Business Dictionary et reproduit avec l'autorisation de LID Editorial Empresarial.  4, record 8, French, - dilution

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Reducción del valor de las acciones mediante emisiones de acciones liberadas parcial o totalmente, de acciones a precio inferior al de mercado, o por la conversión de obligaciones con una prima.  3, record 8, Spanish, - diluci%C3%B3n

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

dilución: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  4, record 8, Spanish, - diluci%C3%B3n

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the legal status of a state that asserts a position of nonparticipation in respect to a war existing between other states. It is not merely abstinence from war. It is a relationship involving rights and duties on the part of neutrals toward belligerents and on the part of belligerents toward neutrals.  1, record 9, English, - neutrality

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Situation juridique et politique d'un État qui, en présence d'une guerre entre deux ou plusieurs autres États, reste en dehors de cette guerre, s'abstenant d'assister l'un ou l'autre des belligérants.  1, record 9, French, - neutralit%C3%A9

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Suiza es, efectivamente, un Estado neutral desde 1515, un estatus que fue reconocido en la Paz de Westfalia en 1648, por primera vez oficialmente declarado en 1674 y reiterado en 1815 por las potencias europeas en el Congreso de Viena, que veían en la neutralidad helvética un elemento importante del nuevo equilibrio europeo.  1, record 9, Spanish, - neutralidad

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The United States Defense Mapping Agency(DMA) and the Applied Research Laboratories of the University of Texas at Austin(ARL : UT) are jointly developing a Hydrographic Data Recording System. The purpose of this proof-of-concept activity is to exploit and enhance the existing capabilities of U. S. Navy surface ships as platforms of opportunity for data acquisition. The Hydrographic Data Recording System(HDRS) utilises the existing functionality of the... sonar set and integrates the depth data with GPS [Global Positioning System] time and position tags.  3, record 10, English, - Airborne%20Hydrographic%20System

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Airborne Hydrographic System (AHS): term and abbreviation used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  2, record 10, English, - Airborne%20Hydrographic%20System

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La «Defense Mapping Agency» des États-Unis (DMA) et les Laboratoires de Recherche Appliqué de l'Université de l'Université de Texas à Austin (ARL:UT) élaborent conjointement un Système d'enregistrement de données hydrographiques. Le but de cette activité de «comparaison-de-concepts» est l'exploitation et l'amélioration des capacités existantes des navires de surface de la marine des États-Unis comme plate-formes à disposition pour l'acquisition de données. Le Système d'enregistrement de données hydrographiques (HDRS) utilise la fonctionnalité existante de l'équipement sonar [...] et y intègre les données relatives à la profondeur avec le format GPS [Global Positioning System] de temps et de position.  3, record 10, French, - Syst%C3%A8me%20hydrographique%20a%C3%A9roport%C3%A9

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Système hydrographique aéroporté (AHS) : terme et abréviation en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  2, record 10, French, - Syst%C3%A8me%20hydrographique%20a%C3%A9roport%C3%A9

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The United States Defense Mapping Agency(DMA) and the Applied Research Laboratories of the University of Texas at Austin(ARL : UT) are jointly developing a Hydrographic Data Recording System. The purpose of this proof-of-concept activity is to exploit and enhance the existing capabilities of U. S. Navy surface ships as platforms of opportunity for data acquisition. The Hydrographic Data Recording System(HDRS) utilises the existing functionality of the... sonar set and integrates the depth data with GPS [Global Positioning System] time and position tags.  1, record 11, English, - Hydrographic%20Data%20Recording%20System

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La «Defense Mapping Agency» des États-Unis (DMA) et les Laboratoires de Recherche Appliqué de l'Université de l'Université de Texas à Austin (ARL:UT) élaborent conjointement un Système d'enregistrement de données hydrographiques. Le but de cette activité de «comparaison-de-concepts» est l'exploitation et l'amélioration des capacités existantes des navires de surface de la marine des États-Unis comme plate-formes à disposition pour l'acquisition de données. Le Système d'enregistrement de données hydrographiques (HDRS) utilise la fonctionnalité existante de l'équipement sonar [...] et y intègre les données relatives à la profondeur avec le format GPS [Global Positioning System] de temps et de position.  1, record 11, French, - Syst%C3%A8me%20d%27enregistrement%20de%20donn%C3%A9es%20hydrographiques

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There is one class of goods, it seems, in respect of which there may be a sale even though they are not existing at the time of the contract. The legal property in such goods can pass to the buyer without any need to conform to the provisions of the Act relating to the transfer of property. Such goods are those which have "potential existence". The distinction existed at common law between future goods to be manufactured or acquired by the seller, the position with respect to which has been considered above, and future goods in which the seller had what was called "a potential property". Such goods comprehended things which were the natural produce or expected increase of something already owned or possessed by the seller, for example, hay to be grown in a field, wool to be grown on sheep owned by the seller, or milk to be yielded by the seller's cows in the coming month.  1, record 12, English, - potential%20property

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

EGNOS [European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service], the future European implementation of GNSS-1, [Global Navigation Satellite System] will provide Europe with three augmentations to the existing satellite navigation systems GPS [global positioning system] and GLONASS [global navigation satellite system]... a wide area differential augmentation which will improve the position accuracy by broadcasting differential corrections to the users.  3, record 13, English, - wide%20area%20differential%20augmentation

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A parameter such as angle, range, position, velocity, etc. is said to be derived in the first receiver or other sensor in which that parameter exists or is capable of existing without reference to further information.  1, record 14, English, - derived%20information

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

derived information: term and definition standardized by NATO.  2, record 14, English, - derived%20information

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Un paramètre tel qu'un angle, une distance, une position, une vitesse, etc., est dit dérivé dans un premier récepteur ou autre senseur, dans lequel ce paramètre existe ou est capable d'exister sans référence à une autre information.  1, record 14, French, - information%20d%C3%A9riv%C3%A9e

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

information dérivée : terme et définition normalisés par l'OTAN.  2, record 14, French, - information%20d%C3%A9riv%C3%A9e

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Información o dato, tal como un ángulo, una distancia, una posición, una velocidad que se deriva de un primer receptor u otro sensor cuando existen o pueden existir en ellos sin hacer referencia a otras informaciones.  1, record 14, Spanish, - informaci%C3%B3n%20derivada

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An index made by marking the position of the principal points, or the outlines of each aerial photograph, on an existing map.  2, record 15, English, - photo%20index%20map

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Schéma réalisé en indiquant sur une carte pré-existante la position des points principaux et (ou) les points saillants de chaque photo aérienne dont on dispose.  1, record 15, French, - carte%20de%20rep%C3%A9rage

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the secondary options market, an existing options holder or writer may decide he wishes to unwind his option position prior to the option's expiry. He does so by executing an offsetting closing transaction which has the effect of extinguishing his previous option position. The table on this page illustrates this procedure, which is common to both puts and calls.  2, record 16, English, - secondary%20options%20market

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sur le marché secondaire, un acheteur ou un vendeur initial peut décider de liquider sa position avant l'expiration de l'option. Pour ce faire, il effectue une transaction liquidative ou compensatrice qui a pour effet d'annuler sa position-option.  2, record 16, French, - march%C3%A9%20secondaire%20des%20options

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The occupational group and level for a given position based on the existing classification standard. It is typically expressed as a combination of two-letter abbreviation and a number(such as CR 3, AS5, BI 2). In some groups, there are also sub-groups labelled with a three-letter acronym(such as En-ENG or EN-SUR, where Eng and Sur are the sub-groups).  1, record 17, English, - pre%2DUCS%20occupational%20group%20and%20level

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terminology used in the UCS Organizational Impact Analysis Workbook.  2, record 17, English, - pre%2DUCS%20occupational%20group%20and%20level

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Groupe professionnel et niveau pour un poste donné en fonction de la norme de classification actuellement en vigueur. Le groupe et niveau est généralement représenté par une abréviation de deux lettres assortie d'un chiffre (p. ex. CR 3, AS 5, BI 2). Chez certains groupes, on retrouve aussi des sous-groupes représentés par un sigle de trois lettres (p. ex. EN-ENG ou EN-SUR, auxquels cas ENG et SUR sont les sous-groupes).  1, record 17, French, - groupe%20professionnel%20et%20niveau%20pr%C3%A9%2DNGC

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terminologie utilisée dans le Manuel de l'analyse de l'impact sur les organisations.  2, record 17, French, - groupe%20professionnel%20et%20niveau%20pr%C3%A9%2DNGC

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

New product introduced to compete with existing products, as distinct from a pioneer product, which is one of entirely new design and/or function, or a brand leader that is already in a dominant position in its field.  1, record 18, English, - market%20follower

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Selling covered calls involves either the purchase of a stock and the simultaneous sale of LEAPS calls or the sale of LEAPS calls against an existing stock position. This strategy is considered among the most conservative options trading strategies; the premium received provides additional income at no cost, if the market remains stable or rises slightly, and serves as a cushion against a decline in the price of the stock.  1, record 20, English, - LEAPS%20covered%20call

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La vente d'options d'achat couvertes nécessite l'achat d'une action et la vente simultanée d'options d'achat LEAPS ou la vente d'options d'achat LEAPS en contrepartie d'une option existante sur une action. Cette stratégie est considérée comme l'une des plus prudentes stratégies d'options; le prix d'achat de l'option assure un revenu supplémentaire sans frais si le marché reste stable ou progresse quelque peu et sert de protection contre toute dévaluation des actions.  1, record 20, French, - option%20d%27achat%20LEAPS%20couverte

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The order ticket must state whether the transaction is opening a new position or closing out an existing position for the client. This information is needed by the applicable clearing corporation for matching gross open long positions with gross open short positions for each clearing member. If the information is not stated, a client could later discover that he has both open long and open short positions for the same option series when, in fact, his intention had earlier been to close out an existing long position.  2, record 21, English, - open%20short%20position

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La fiche d'ordre doit indiquer si la transaction est initiale et crée ainsi une nouvelle position ou si elle est liquidative et liquide ainsi une position existante pour le client. Ces renseignements sont nécessaires aux compagnies de compensation concernées pour pouvoir faire l'application des positions «acheteur» initiales brutes et des positions «vendeur» initiales brutes pour chacun de leurs membres. Si ces renseignements ne sont pas indiqués, un client peut par la suite découvrir qu'il a des positions «acheteur» initiales et des positions «vendeur» initiales sur la même série d'options, alors qu'en fait son intention avait été de liquider une position «acheteur» existante.  2, record 21, French, - position%20vendeur%20initiale

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The order ticket must state whether the transaction is opening a new position or closing out an existing position for the client. This information is needed by the applicable clearing corporation for matching gross open long positions with gross open short positions for each clearing member. If the information is not stated, a client could later discover that he has both open long and open short positions for the same option series when, in fact, his intention had earlier been to close out an existing long position.  2, record 22, English, - open%20long%20position

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La fiche d'ordre doit indiquer si la transaction est initiale et crée ainsi une nouvelle position ou si elle est liquidative et liquide ainsi une position existante pour le client. Ces renseignements sont nécessaires aux compagnies de compensation concernées pour pouvoir faire l'application des positions «acheteur» initiales brutes et des positions «vendeur» initiales brutes pour chacun de leurs membres. Si ces renseignements ne sont pas indiqués, un client peut par la suite découvrir qu'il a des positions «acheteur» initiales et des positions «vendeur» initiales sur la même série d'options, alors qu'en fait son intention avait été de liquider une position «acheteur» existante.  2, record 22, French, - position%20acheteur%20initiale

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Perhaps the best definition of a "sphere of influence" is that of Hall :... an understanding which enables a State to reserve to itself a right of excluding other European powers from territories that are of importance to it politically as affording means of future expansion to its existing dominions or protectorates, or strategically as preventing civilised neighbours from occupying a dominant military position".  1, record 23, English, - sphere%20of%20influence

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 CONT

From a doctrinal point of view a special place must be allotted to what has been called "zones of influence" or "spheres of interest". This name was given in the imperialist era to those territories which a State unilaterally proclaimed to be an area which it intended to bring under its sovereignty by gradually appropriating it through actual occupation, or which two (or more) States delimited inter se with the same purpose.  2, record 23, English, - sphere%20of%20influence

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A "sphere of interest" differs only in direction of emphasis from a "sphere of influence". A State asserts a sphere of interest in a particular region when it claims to possess in that region exclusive economic or financial concessions or exclusive rights of exploitation, which it will not allow other Powers to exercise.  2, record 23, English, - sphere%20of%20influence

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

sphère d'influence : Terme introduit à la fin du XIXe siècle dans la langue du droit international pour désigner un espace territorial dans lequel est reconnu à un État, d'ordinaire par un traité bilatéral, un titre particulier pour y établir son autorité et en acquérir la souveraineté, l'autre État devant s'abstenir de l'en empêcher ou d'y exercer une activité concurrente.  1, record 23, French, - sph%C3%A8re%20d%27influence

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Des auteurs ont enseigné qu'entre le terme "sphère d'influence" et le terme "sphère d'intérêt" existent des nuances faibles sans doute mais cependant perceptibles : la sphère d'influence ferait songer plutôt à quelque but politique; la sphère d'intérêt, à quelque but économique ou commercial [...]  1, record 23, French, - sph%C3%A8re%20d%27influence

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish