TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mandatory vaccination, including for COVID-19, can be ethically justified if the threat to public health is grave, the confidence in safety and effectiveness is high, the expected utility of mandatory vaccination is greater than the alternatives, and the penalties or costs for non-compliance are proportionate.  2, record 1, English, - mandatory%20vaccination

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

"En vista de la compleja situación epidemiológica, la jefa de Sanidad de la ciudad de Moscú decretó hoy la vacunación obligatoria de los empleados de los sectores de servicios" [...]  1, record 1, Spanish, - vacunaci%C3%B3n%20obligatoria

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Where the combination leads to a new unitary result or one that is different from what the person skilled in the art would have expected the combination to be suitable for, the utility of the combination to produce that result must necessarily be established.  1, record 2, English, - unitary%20result

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque la combinaison mène à un résultat unitaire nouveau ou qui diffère de celui auquel la personne versée dans l’art se serait attendu, l’utilité de la combinaison pour produire ce résultat doit nécessairement être établie.  1, record 2, French, - r%C3%A9sultat%20unitaire

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The hypothetical number of years spent in perfect health which could be considered equivalent to the actual number of years spent in a defined imperfect state of health.  3, record 3, English, - healthy%2Dyear%20equivalent

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

To overcome the shortcomings of the QALY [quality-adjusted life year]... propose a measure which does not constrain the relationship between quality and quantity and claim that it truly reflects a person's preferences over quantity and quality of life while retaining the intuitive appeal of the concept of the year in full health.... it is more consistent with EUT [expected utility theory] and hence with individuals’ preferences. To distinguish it from the QALY they have named their new measure the healthy year equivalent(HYE). It involves the valuation of whole health profiles, which vary in terms of the sequence and duration of health states. This is a more general measure of preferences than the QALY since it makes fewer assumptions.  5, record 3, English, - healthy%2Dyear%20equivalent

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

healthy-years equivalent; HYE: term, abbreviation and definition standardized by the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Glossary English Editorial Board and the Translation Bureau.  6, record 3, English, - healthy%2Dyear%20equivalent

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nombre hypothétique d’années en parfaite santé qui pourrait être considéré comme l’équivalent du nombre réel d’années passées dans un état de santé imparfait déterminé.  2, record 3, French, - %C3%A9quivalent%20d%27ann%C3%A9es%20en%20bonne%20sant%C3%A9

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le système QALY [quality-adjusted life year] est la méthode la plus utilisée pour la mesure tant de la qualité que de la quantité de vie, mais il en existe d'autres : deux des mieux connus se nomment : équivalent d'années en bonne santé [...] et équivalent de vie sauvée chez un jeune [...]  3, record 3, French, - %C3%A9quivalent%20d%27ann%C3%A9es%20en%20bonne%20sant%C3%A9

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

équivalent d'années en bonne santé : terme et définition normalisés par l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) et le Bureau de la traduction.  4, record 3, French, - %C3%A9quivalent%20d%27ann%C3%A9es%20en%20bonne%20sant%C3%A9

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of directly measuring the utility of a health status, founded on the fundamental von Neumann-Morgenstern axioms of expected utility theory.  1, record 4, English, - standard%20gamble

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A utility score is obtained by estimating the probabilities that a person who is asked to compare two options, one uncertain (the gamble), the other certain, will not prefer one over the over.  1, record 4, English, - standard%20gamble

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

standard gamble: term and definition standardized by the Health Technology Assessment (HTA) Glossary English Editorial Board and the Translation Bureau.  3, record 4, English, - standard%20gamble

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Méthode permettant de mesurer directement l’utilité d’un état de santé, fondée sur les axiomes fondamentaux de la théorie de l’utilité de von Neumann-Morgenstern.  1, record 4, French, - pari%20standard

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On obtient un score d’utilité en estimant les probabilités qu’une personne à qui l’on demande de comparer deux options, l’une incertaine (le pari) et l’autre certaine, n’ait pas de préférence pour l’une ou l’autre des options.  1, record 4, French, - pari%20standard

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

pari standard; loterie : termes et définition normalisés par l'Institut national d'excellence en santé et en services sociaux (INESSS) et le Bureau de la traduction.  2, record 4, French, - pari%20standard

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The standard gamble elicitation method is an application of expected utility theory.  1, record 5, English, - standard%20gamble%20elicitation%20method

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An optimal monetary policy would be one that maximizes expected utility. But, recent literature on the analysis of monetary policy in sticky-price DGE [dynamicgeneral equilibrium] models has developed a more direct approach to the formulation of monetary policy objective functions. Goodfriend and King point out that, leaving out issues related to the Friedman rule(or, equivalently, assuming positive nominal interest rates), an optimal monetary policy should stabilize the markup of prices over marginal costs(real marginal cost).  1, record 6, English, - optimal%20monetary%20policy

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La politique monétaire optimale est alors celle qui maximise l'espérance mathématique de cette utilité. Mais des auteurs ayant analysé récemment la politique monétaire au moyen de modèles ynamiques d'équilibre général à prix rigides ont élaboré une approche plus directe pour la formulation de la fonction objectif de la politique monétaire. Goodfriend et King soutiennent qu'abstraction faite des problèmes découlant de la règle de Friedman (en d'autres termes, si l'on suppose des taux d'intérêt nominaux positifs), la politique monétaire optimale devrait viser à stabiliser la marge qui est ajoutée au coût marginal (réel) pour obtenir le prix de vente [...]  1, record 6, French, - politique%20mon%C3%A9taire%20optimale

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If the utility of some object to you is different from its price, then surely your behavior should attempt to maximize not expected value in dollars but expected utility.  2, record 7, English, - expected%20utility

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The subjective probability approach... leads to the same decision rule... : choose the project with the highest expected utility.  3, record 7, English, - expected%20utility

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les choix ouverts sont [...] classés d'après leur espérance d'utilité [...] Cette approche intuitive peut se formaliser : von Neuman a montré que, si on imposait à un critère de choix entre des loteries certains axiomes, d'apparence naturelle, celui-ci [sic] revenait à fonder les choix sur l'espérance mathématique d'une certaine fonction d'utilité des gains.  2, record 7, French, - esp%C3%A9rance%20d%27utilit%C3%A9

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Medida del bienestar que posiblemente pueda obtener un consumidor a partir del rendimiento incierto de beneficios de un activo que posea.  1, record 7, Spanish, - utilidad%20esperada

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An axiomatic extension of the ordinal concept of utility to uncertain payoffs. An agent possesses a von Neumann-Morgenstern utility function if she ranks uncertain payoffs according to(higher) expected value of her utility of the individual outcomes that may occur.  1, record 8, English, - von%20Neumann%2DMorgenstern%20utility%20theory

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le troisième chapitre expose la théorie de l'espérance d'utilité de von Neumann et Morgenstern en se basant sur le traitement de Hernstein et Milnor (1953), étudie la notion d'aversion au risque (Pratt, 1964) et expose la théorie des choix en environnement non probabilisé de Anscombe et Aumann (1961).  2, record 8, French, - th%C3%A9orie%20de%20l%27esp%C3%A9rance%20d%27utilit%C3%A9%20de%20von%20Neumann%20et%20Morgenstern

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Existing equilibrium concepts for games make use of the subjective expected utility model axiomatized by Savage(1954) to represent players’ preferences. Accordingly, each player's beliefs about the strategies played by opponents are represented by a probability measure.  1, record 9, English, - subjective%20expected%20utility%20model

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Produit de l'utilité et de la probabilité subjective de son occurrence (Bayes, 1963; von Neumann, Morgenstern).  1, record 10, French, - utilit%C3%A9%20attendue

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le concept d'utilité attendue est à la base de la théorie moderne de l'espérance subjective de l'utilité (ESU).  1, record 10, French, - utilit%C3%A9%20attendue

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The point at which the individual is indifferent between a return that is certain and a return which has risk associated with it.  2, record 11, English, - certainty%20equivalent

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The sum of probabilities times expected values each weighed by its price or utility is the certainty equivalent. The present certainty equivalent value is the analogue under uncertainty of the present value in a world of perfect certainty-it is what planners ought to maximize.  3, record 11, English, - certainty%20equivalent

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lorsque l'équivalent certain d'une loterie est supérieur à son espérance de gain on parle de préférence pour le risque, et de neutralité s'il lui est égal.  2, record 11, French, - %C3%A9quivalent%20certain

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish