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The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.
FACETING PROCESS [4 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2008-10-30
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Atmospheric Physics
- Atmospheric, Climatic and Meteorological Phenomena
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- faceting
1, record 1, English, faceting
correct
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
Record 1, Synonyms, English
- faceting process 2, record 1, English, faceting%20process
correct
- kinetic metamorphism 3, record 1, English, kinetic%20metamorphism
correct
- kinetic-growth metamorphism 4, record 1, English, kinetic%2Dgrowth%20metamorphism
correct
- kinetic growth metamorphism 5, record 1, English, kinetic%20growth%20metamorphism
correct
- temperature-gradient metamorphism 4, record 1, English, temperature%2Dgradient%20metamorphism
correct, see observation, obsolete
- temperature gradient metamorphism 6, record 1, English, temperature%20gradient%20metamorphism
correct, see observation, obsolete
- TG metamorphism 7, record 1, English, TG%20metamorphism
correct, see observation, obsolete
- constructive metamorphism 8, record 1, English, constructive%20metamorphism
correct, see observation, obsolete
- kinetic growth 9, record 1, English, kinetic%20growth
- high-temperature gradient metamorphism 10, record 1, English, high%2Dtemperature%20gradient%20metamorphism
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A metamorphic process occurring in a dry snowpack with a strong temperature gradient (usually >10°C/m) where takes place development of sharp corners and facets on snow grains and, eventually formation of depth hoar under higher temperature gradient (usually 20°C/M). 11, record 1, English, - faceting
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The formation of faceted grains marks the beginning of TG metamorphism. ... As long as there is sufficient temperature difference between individual grains in the snowpack [and] if the size of the initial ice grains is large enough, the process of TG metamorphism will continue and large cup crystals with well-developed stepped surfaces will form ... depth hoar. 12, record 1, English, - faceting
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT
TG metamorphism is the result of a relatively large temperature difference between the ground surface and the snow surface in a shallow snowpack. 12, record 1, English, - faceting
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS
There are two metamorphic processes in dry snow: equitemperature (ET) metamorphism (e.g. rounding) and temperature gradient (TG) metamorphism (e.g. faceting). 11, record 1, English, - faceting
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS
The term constructive ... metamorphism [is] no longer used in North America. 12, record 1, English, - faceting
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS
Temperature gradient metamorphism(TG) : An older term used to describe the faceting or squaring process driven by strong temperature gradients. Currently the terms kinetic growth or faceting are preferred. 13, record 1, English, - faceting
Record 1, Key term(s)
- high temperature gradient metamorphism
- TG-metamorphism
- facetting
- facetting process
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Physique de l'atmosphère
- Phénomènes météorologiques, climatiques et atmosphériques
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- métamorphose constructive
1, record 1, French, m%C3%A9tamorphose%20constructive
correct, feminine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
Record 1, Synonyms, French
- facettage 2, record 1, French, facettage
masculine noun
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
métamorphose constructive. Les cristaux de neige évoluent en cristaux à faces planes puis en gobelets creux si le gradient est suffisamment fort. Les grands cristaux deviennent toujours plus grands, les petits se dissolvent. Entraîne une perte de la résistance de la couche de neige métamorphosée. 3, record 1, French, - m%C3%A9tamorphose%20constructive
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Lorsque la différence de température dans le manteau neigeux est moyenne ou grande, nous assistons à une métamorphose constructive, c'est-à-dire à un agrandissement des cristaux de neige. Ils évoluent en cristaux à faces planes, puis ils prennent une forme concave, d'où leur nom de gobelets. 4, record 1, French, - m%C3%A9tamorphose%20constructive
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Selon le gradient de température, on considère les métamorphoses de faible (rounding), moyen ou fort (faceting) gradient. La notion anglaise «faceting» englobe à la fois les métamorphoses de moyen (formation de grains à face plane) et fort gradient (formation de gobelets). 5, record 1, French, - m%C3%A9tamorphose%20constructive
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS
La morphologie des grains résultant dépend de la valeur du gradient : - gradient faible (<5 °C/m) = grains fins - gradient moyen (5 °C/m < gradient < 20 °C/m) = grains à face planes - gradient fort (gradient > 20 °C/m) = givre de profondeur (gobelets) 6, record 1, French, - m%C3%A9tamorphose%20constructive
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record 2 - internal organization data 2008-10-30
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Atmospheric, Climatic and Meteorological Phenomena
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- faceting
1, record 2, English, faceting
correct, see observation, generic
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
- medium gradient metamorphism 1, record 2, English, medium%20gradient%20metamorphism
see observation, rare
- medium temperature gradient metamorphism 2, record 2, English, medium%20temperature%20gradient%20metamorphism
proposal, rare
- metamorphism of medium temperature gradient 1, record 2, English, metamorphism%20of%20medium%20temperature%20gradient
rare
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Faceting is a metamorphic process occurring in a dry snowpack with a strong temperature gradient where takes place development of facets and eventually formation of depth hoar under higher temperature gradient. 1, record 2, English, - faceting
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Faceting involves the formation of facets and depth hoar whereas the French term "métamorphose de moyen gradient" refers to the formation of facets only. 3, record 2, English, - faceting
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS
medium gradient metamorphism: This term seems to be uncommon. In English, the authors generally make no distinction between a medium and a strong temperature gradient. In fact, the temperature gradient is usually described as whether weak or strong. 2, record 2, English, - faceting
Record 2, Key term(s)
- medium-temperature gradient metamorphism
- metamorphism of medium gradient
- facetting
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Phénomènes météorologiques, climatiques et atmosphériques
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- métamorphose de moyen gradient
1, record 2, French, m%C3%A9tamorphose%20de%20moyen%20gradient
correct, feminine noun, specific
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Métamorphose de neige sèche commandée par un gradient moyen (0,1<G<0,2 °C/cm) [et qui] aboutit à la formation de grains à faces planes. 2, record 2, French, - m%C3%A9tamorphose%20de%20moyen%20gradient
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Les métamorphoses de la neige sèche. [...] Pendant ou après une chute de neige, le vent casse les parties fragiles des cristaux. Il transforme donc les cristaux de neige fraîche en particules reconnaissables, voire en grains fins. [...] Le devenir des particules reconnaissables va dépendre de la valeur du gradient de température de la couche concernée : - par faible gradient, elles vont se transformer en grains fins; - par moyen gradient, elles vont se transformer en grains à faces planes; - par fort gradient, elles se transformeront en grains à faces planes (passage intermédiaire obligé) puis en gobelets. Ces transformations sont irréversibles : il n'y a pas de retour en arrière possible. 3, record 2, French, - m%C3%A9tamorphose%20de%20moyen%20gradient
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record 3 - internal organization data 2008-09-25
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Atmospheric, Climatic and Meteorological Phenomena
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- faceting
1, record 3, English, faceting
correct, see observation, generic
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
- kinetic growth 2, record 3, English, kinetic%20growth
correct, see observation, generic
- temperature gradient metamorphism 3, record 3, English, temperature%20gradient%20metamorphism
correct, see observation, obsolete, generic
- high temperature gradient metamorphism 4, record 3, English, high%20temperature%20gradient%20metamorphism
correct, see observation
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Depth hoar is the result of high temperature gradient metamorphism (Marbouty, 1980) and consists of large faceted crystals, with at least some of them cup-shaped and hollow. The density of this type was always <0.25. Faceted crystals are produced by metamorphism of lower temperature gradient, and usually form in snow with density >0.25, that is too high to allow depth hoar formation. 4, record 3, English, - faceting
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Faceting is a metamorphic process occurring in a dry snowpack with a strong temperature gradient where takes place development of facets and eventually formation of depth hoar under higher temperature gradient. 5, record 3, English, - faceting
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS
In French, the authors use the term "métamorphose de gradient moyen" when they refer to the metamorphic process leading to the formation of facets and they use the term "métamorphose de fort gradient" when the facets, under higher temperature gradient, develop into depth hoars. 5, record 3, English, - faceting
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 3 OBS
Temperature gradient metamorphism(TG) : An older term [still in use] to describe the faceting or squaring process driven by strong temperature gradients. Currently the terms kinetic growth or faceting are preferred. 1, record 3, English, - faceting
Record 3, Key term(s)
- facetting
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Phénomènes météorologiques, climatiques et atmosphériques
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- métamorphose de fort gradient
1, record 3, French, m%C3%A9tamorphose%20de%20fort%20gradient
correct, feminine noun, specific
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Métamorphose de neige sèche commandée par un gradient fort (G>0,2 °C/cm) [et qui] est responsable de la formation de gobelets. 1, record 3, French, - m%C3%A9tamorphose%20de%20fort%20gradient
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La métamorphose de fort gradient (G>20 °C/m). Dans ce cas, la différence de température entre les grains suivant la verticale est très marquée, et les flux de vapeur sont plus intenses. Le premier stade de transformation se caractérise par l'apparition rapide de grains à faces planes accompagnée d'un tassement notable pour ce qui concerne la neige récente [...] Dans sa forme finale, le grain prend généralement une forme pyramidale striée très caractéristique, communément appelée «gobelet» ou givre de profondeur [...] 1, record 3, French, - m%C3%A9tamorphose%20de%20fort%20gradient
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Les métamorphoses de la neige sèche. [...] Pendant ou après une chute de neige, le vent casse les parties fragiles des cristaux. Il transforme donc les cristaux de neige fraîche en particules reconnaissables, voire en grains fins. [...] Le devenir des particules reconnaissables va dépendre de la valeur du gradient de température de la couche concernée : - par faible gradient, elles vont se transformer en grains fins; - par moyen gradient, elles vont se transformer en grains à faces planes; - par fort gradient, elles se transformeront en grains à faces planes (passage intermédiaire obligé) puis en gobelets. Ces transformations sont irréversibles : il n'y a pas de retour en arrière possible. 2, record 3, French, - m%C3%A9tamorphose%20de%20fort%20gradient
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record 4 - internal organization data 2006-12-05
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- Atmospheric, Climatic and Meteorological Phenomena
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- depth hoar
1, record 4, English, depth%20hoar
correct, officially approved
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
Record 4, Synonyms, English
- sugar snow 2, record 4, English, sugar%20snow
correct
- squares 3, record 4, English, squares
see observation, less frequent, familiar
- hoar frost 4, record 4, English, hoar%20frost
avoid, see observation
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Ice crystals formed by sublimation within snow, but beneath the snow surface. 5, record 4, English, - depth%20hoar
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Depth hoar [are] large coarse recrystallized grains of snow that are the end result of the faceting or squaring process within the snowpack, a process driven by temperature gradients. Such crystals are often weak and develop as a result of(locally) strong temperature gradients and resulting vapor pressure differences in the snowpack, especially in shallow snowpacks with cold air temperatures. These grains are formed through re-crystallization of existing snow grains as water vapor is transferred(sublimation and deposition) from warmer regions of higher vapor pressure(near the ground) to colder regions with lower vapor pressure(upper layers closer to the snow surface). 6, record 4, English, - depth%20hoar
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT
According to the Colorado Avalanche Information Center (CAIC), shallow snow that sits on the ground under clear skies and cold temperatures creates depth hoar, also known as sugar snow or squares. 7, record 4, English, - depth%20hoar
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 CONT
Depth hoar can be found near the base of the snowpack. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.] 8, record 4, English, - depth%20hoar
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Depth hoar is often the weakest layer in the snowpack and is a potential sliding layer for avalanches. 9, record 4, English, - depth%20hoar
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS
Depth Hoar is also called : Temperature Gradient (TG) (but this is an outdated term), sugar snow, squares, sometimes incorrectly called "hoar frost" by old, rural geezers. 4, record 4, English, - depth%20hoar
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 3 OBS
Cup-shaped crystals are a common form of depth hoar. 10, record 4, English, - depth%20hoar
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 4 OBS
depth hoar: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee. 11, record 4, English, - depth%20hoar
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Phénomènes météorologiques, climatiques et atmosphériques
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- givre de profondeur
1, record 4, French, givre%20de%20profondeur
correct, masculine noun, officially approved
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
Record 4, Synonyms, French
- gobelets 2, record 4, French, gobelets
correct, masculine noun, plural
- neige granulée de profondeur 3, record 4, French, neige%20granul%C3%A9e%20de%20profondeur
correct, feminine noun
- neige coulante 4, record 4, French, neige%20coulante
correct, see observation, feminine noun, Switzerland
- givre interne 5, record 4, French, givre%20interne
masculine noun
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Cristaux de glace formés par condensation solide au sein de la neige, mais sous la surface de la couche neigeuse. 6, record 4, French, - givre%20de%20profondeur
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La conséquence en est un important changement de forme des cristaux. Ceux-ci deviennent anguleux avec l'apparition de petites facettes, un peu comme sur un diamant. On les appelle grains à face plane [...] Si la transformation dure assez longtemps et si le gradient de température est assez fort, ces cristaux vont grossir et prendre l'aspect de pyramides creuses, les faces striées un peu comme des gradins : leur taille peut devenir remarquable (5 à 6 mm de diamètre). On les appelle gobelets ou aussi givre de profondeur [...] 7, record 4, French, - givre%20de%20profondeur
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Le givre de profondeur se trouve près de la base du manteau neigeux. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.] 8, record 4, French, - givre%20de%20profondeur
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS
givre de profondeur : Les Suisses Romands l'appellent aussi la neige coulante, à cause de sa grande instabilité. 9, record 4, French, - givre%20de%20profondeur
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS
givre de profondeur : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche. 9, record 4, French, - givre%20de%20profondeur
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Fenómenos meteorológicos, climáticos y atmosféricos
Record 4, Main entry term, Spanish
- nieve en forma de azúcar
1, record 4, Spanish, nieve%20en%20forma%20de%20az%C3%BAcar
feminine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 4, Synonyms, Spanish
- nieve granulosa en profundidad 1, record 4, Spanish, nieve%20granulosa%20en%20profundidad
feminine noun
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Cristales de hielo formados por sublimación en el interior de la nieve pero debajo de la superficie nevosa. 1, record 4, Spanish, - nieve%20en%20forma%20de%20az%C3%BAcar
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