TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Using factors of production in an inefficient manner... With regard to the human resource, underemployment can take the form of direct production(not taking advantage of machines and technology that could increase productivity) or of featherbedding(creating a position and hiring a worker even though nothing is done by that position).  2, record 1, English, - underemployment

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Situation d'une économie dans laquelle les facteurs de production (hommes et capitaux) ne sont pas utilisés au maximum, de sorte qu'une partie de la population en âge de travailler est en chômage [...] ou est employée à des activités improductives (chômage déguisé).  2, record 1, French, - sous%2Demploi

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Yield components of crops. The yield of a grain crop plant can be divided into various components which together contributed to the yield. These components include : Heads, ears or pods per acre... Number of kernels or seeds per head, ear or pod... Weight per kernel or seed... Any crop production factor which decreases any one of these factors results in decreased yield.... Full yield potential is almost never achieved because environmental conditions may limit one or more of the yield components during the growing season.  2, record 2, English, - yield%20component

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Modèle théorique du fonctionnement biologique d'un peuplement végétal cultivé.  2, record 2, French, - composante%20du%20rendement

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Success in vegetable production whether it is organic or not is greatly dependent on a well thought out plant. Key factors that should be considered carefully during the planning stage of the farming operation are : site selection, water supply and quality, crop and variety selection, and market development.  1, record 3, English, - vegetable%20production

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 PHR

organic vegetable production  4, record 3, English, - vegetable%20production

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Culture des légumes.  2, record 3, French, - horticulture%20mara%C3%AEch%C3%A8re

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 PHR

maraîchage biologique  3, record 3, French, - horticulture%20mara%C3%AEch%C3%A8re

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Reduction in the average cost of a product, achieved by increasing the volume of output and in that way using labour, machinery, and other factors of production more efficiently.  2, record 4, English, - economy%20of%20scale

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For a smaller country, such as Canada, achieving economies of scale may depend on having access to larger foreign markets, since the Canadian market by itself may be too small to support the most efficient volume of production in many industries. A firm should be able to produce a product more efficiently by making use of modern machinery and equipment, skilled and specialized labour, interchangeable parts, automation and large-scale distribution, and be able as a result to fund on-going research and development.  2, record 4, English, - economy%20of%20scale

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

At some point, when marginal cost equals average cost, a plant will stop yielding economies of scale; it will then be at a point where diseconomies of scale begin, with each extra unit of output costing more than the average cost and thus being unprofitable. In other words, a plant can produce both too little and too much.  2, record 4, English, - economy%20of%20scale

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

economy of scale: term usually used in the plural.  3, record 4, English, - economy%20of%20scale

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Abaissement du coût unitaire de production au fur et à mesure que la production augmente.  2, record 4, French, - %C3%A9conomie%20d%27%C3%A9chelle

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

économie d'échelle : terme habituellement utilisé au pluriel.  3, record 4, French, - %C3%A9conomie%20d%27%C3%A9chelle

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Disminución de los costes medios al aumentar la producción y distribuirse los gastos fijos entre mayor número de factores de producción.  2, record 4, Spanish, - econom%C3%ADas%20de%20escala

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Alternative development is an approach aimed at reducing the vulnerabilities that lead to involvement in illicit crop cultivation and ultimately eliminating such cultivation. Alternative development can break the vicious cycle of rising illicit drug production, weakening rule of law, decreasing growth of the licit economy, decreasing investment in licit sectors, strengthening organized crime and increasing violence by effectively promoting factors fostering a sustainable licit economy.  2, record 5, English, - alternative%20development

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le développement alternatif est une approche visant à réduire les vulnérabilités qui conduisent à se lancer dans les cultures illicites et à terme à éliminer ces cultures. Il peut rompre le cercle vicieux de l'augmentation de la production illicite de drogues, d'affaiblissement de l'état de droit, de ralentissement de l'économie licite, de diminution des investissements dans les secteurs licites et de développement de la criminalité organisée et de la violence en favorisant efficacement des facteurs propices à une économie licite durable.  2, record 5, French, - d%C3%A9veloppement%20alternatif

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El desarrollo alternativo favorece la reducción sostenible de los cultivos de drogas al mejorar los medios de subsistencia. Por lo tanto, la política debe considerar la lucha contra las drogas como una cuestión de desarrollo.  2, record 5, Spanish, - desarrollo%20alternativo

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A measure that prevents, limits or retards the growth of microorganisms by chemical or physical means.  1, record 6, English, - microbiostatic%20control%20measure

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

These measures are used to stabilize the product against activity of pathogens and spoilage organisms and may apply after milk production, during processing(e. g. in between processing steps) and after processing. Microbiostatic control measures still imply some probability of growth. Microbiostatic control measures that are efficient after processing may be applied towards the product(e. g. temperature/time control) as extrinsic factors or be built into the product as intrinsic factors(e. g. preservatives, pH).  1, record 6, English, - microbiostatic%20control%20measure

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mesure qui empêche, limite ou retarde le développement des micro-organismes par l'entremise de mécanismes chimiques ou physiques.  1, record 6, French, - mesure%20de%20ma%C3%AEtrise%20microbiostatique

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ces mesures servent à stabiliser le produit et ainsi limiter toute activité au niveau des pathogènes et des organismes de détérioration. Elles peuvent être appliquées après la production du lait, au cours de la transformation (par exemple entre les étapes de transformation) et après la transformation. Les mesures de maîtrise microbiostatiques n'éliminent pas entièrement les probabilités de croissance de micro-organismes. Les mesures de maîtrise microbiostatiques qui s'avèrent efficaces après la transformation peuvent être appliquées sur le produit en tant que facteurs extrinsèques (par exemple, la maîtrise de la température et de la durée) ou être intégrées dans le produit en tant que facteurs intrinsèques (par exemple des agents de préservation ou le pH).  1, record 6, French, - mesure%20de%20ma%C3%AEtrise%20microbiostatique

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] year in which a tree or shrub ... growing in a particular region produces an unusually large number of fruits, seeds, or nuts ...  3, record 7, English, - mast%20year

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Local variations in tree genetics, tree health and weather are clearly factors influencing seed production, yet mast years still occur simultaneously among all trees of a common species and over a wide geographical area.... Just what triggers a mast year in any given species is not well understood.  4, record 7, English, - mast%20year

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une année de forte fructification, l'abondance des consommateurs de graines, notamment de rongeurs, augmente de façon spectaculaire pour s'effondrer un an plus tard.  4, record 7, French, - ann%C3%A9e%20de%20forte%20fructification

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La paisson réfère à la production de fruits d'arbres forestiers tels que les chênes, les hêtres et les châtaigniers. La quantité de fruits change d'année en année : [...] lorsque les fruits sont en abondance, on parle de paisson pleine.  5, record 7, French, - ann%C3%A9e%20de%20forte%20fructification

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the automated economic system that relies on automation technologies, robotics and artificial intelligence as production factors, while the use of human labour is minimised.  1, record 8, English, - robonomics

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système économique fondé sur l'automatisation ayant peu recours à la main-d'œuvre humaine, dont les principaux facteurs de production sont les technologies d'automatisation, la robotique et l'intelligence artificielle.  1, record 8, French, - robonomique

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... considering the total productivity of production factors as a measure of performance, [the authors] obtain a positive relationship between company liquidity and productivity.  2, record 9, English, - total%20productivity%20of%20production%20factors

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[La] productivité globale des facteurs de production est le rapport entre la production et les quantités de travail et de capital utilisées sans qu'il soit possible d'isoler ce qui revient à la productivité du travail ou à celle du capital.  2, record 9, French, - productivit%C3%A9%20globale%20des%20facteurs%20de%20production

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The food environment alters how dietary choices are made and how we produce, access, prepare, and consume food as a society... Taste, health, social status, cost, and resources are all influencers of what foods are chosen to eat, but culture and tradition are also key factors... Events also influence production and consumption : social events and gatherings, holiday traditions, special occasions, and religious or ritual observances that call for special foods... For some, food choice can be deeply personal and often hinge on our ideals, sense of identity, and habits...  2, record 10, English, - dietary%20choice

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An instructional aid in which the sides of an equilateral triangle represent the three factors necessary for combustion and flame production(i. e. oxygen, heat, and fuel).  2, record 11, English, - fire%20triangle

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When any one of [the three] factors is removed, flame production is not possible or ceases.  2, record 11, English, - fire%20triangle

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Outil didactique en forme de triangle équilatéral dont les côtés représentent les trois facteurs nécessaires à la combustion et à la production de flammes (oxygène, chaleur et combustible).  2, record 11, French, - triangle%20du%20feu

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Representación del fuego mediante un triángulo equílatero en el que se simbolizan en cada uno de sus lados los factores esenciales para que el mismo exista: combustible, comburente y calor.  2, record 11, Spanish, - tri%C3%A1ngulo%20del%20fuego

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

El fuego se extingue si se destruye el triángulo eliminado o acortando alguno de sus lados.  2, record 11, Spanish, - tri%C3%A1ngulo%20del%20fuego

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Base and superstructure are two linked theoretical concepts developed by Karl Marx, one of sociology's founders. Base refers to the production forces, or the materials and resources, that generate the goods society needs.... Marxian theory of history largely speaks about how the economy offers a foundation to social life. He considers that economy is defined by modes of productions [that] are characterized by factors of production that include land, industry, technology, labour, and capital. The factors of production necessarily define production relations. Therefore, Marx considers that production relation is an economic relation that offers a foundation to human society.  3, record 12, English, - substructure

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Alcohol-related cerebellar degeneration is one of the commonest causes of acquired cerebellar ataxia. The pathophysiology remains unclear but proposed mechanisms include excitotoxicity, dietary factors, oxidative stress, compromised energy production and cell death.  2, record 13, English, - alcohol%2Dinduced%20cerebellar%20degeneration

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hybrids between wild boars... and domestic pigs... are raised for meat production. The wild boar-pig hybrids(WBPHs) are similar to wild boars in appearance and more resistant to harmful environmental factors than pigs.  1, record 14, English, - wild%20boar%2Dpig%20hybrid

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les sangliers peuvent s'accoupler avec les porcs domestiques, ce qui crée une sous-espèce appelée sanglichon.  4, record 14, French, - sanglichon

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A cost-share weighted average of the individual input productivities.  5, record 15, English, - multifactor%20productivity

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Total factor productivity captures all improvements in the economy's ability to produce beyond those that can be explained by changes in the basic factors of production, labor, and capital. It is our best measure of technological progress, organizational innovation, and gains in overall efficiency, but it is relatively crude and unsatisfying.  6, record 15, English, - multifactor%20productivity

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mesure de la croissance de la productivité qui prend en compte toutes les ressources utilisées dans l'activité de production.  7, record 15, French, - productivit%C3%A9%20totale%20des%20facteurs

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La productivité du travail, quant à elle, peut être renforcée de plusieurs manières : en améliorant la qualité de la main-d'œuvre utilisée dans le processus de production, en augmentant l'utilisation du capital et en améliorant sa qualité ainsi qu'en augmentant l'efficience globale de l'utilisation de l'ensemble de ces facteurs de production, ce que les économistes appellent la productivité multifactorielle (PMF). La PMF reflète de nombreuses formes d'amélioration de l'efficience notamment la rationalisation des pratiques de gestion, la modification des modalités d'organisation et les innovations apportées à la production de biens et services.  8, record 15, French, - productivit%C3%A9%20totale%20des%20facteurs

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Una tarea de los economistas es medir el grado en el que el crecimiento del producto se debe a factores tecnológicos, es decir, a la productividad, o a la formación o acumulación de capital [...]. El concepto de productividad total de factores (PTF) se utiliza para medir la efectividad conjunta de todos los insumos combinados en producir el producto y el efecto del cambio tecnológico neutral de Hicks [...]  4, record 15, Spanish, - productividad%20multifactorial

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The vast majority of differences reported between organic and conventional milk come from what cows are fed and their breed, and is not anything unique to being organic or conventional in itself. Therefore in terms of nutrients in milk, there is nothing distinct about organic milk that makes it unique from conventionally produced milk once the different factors that influence milk production are compared or adjusted for. If animal genetics, health, breed, diet, management, or environment differs, then so will the composition of the milk produced.  1, record 16, English, - conventional%20milk

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les producteurs biologiques nourrissent leurs animaux de plantes sans pesticides. La production de lait conventionnel, quant à elle, a fait de grands progrès dans le volume de lait produit par une vache, ce qui mène à une réduction des gaz à effet de serre.  1, record 16, French, - lait%20conventionnel

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Egg stability is economically important for the whole egg production industry. Egg shell strength and egg white quality have both major effects on egg stability. They are quantitative traits where the observed phenotype is due to the effect of many quantitative trait loci(QTL) and environmental factors. The aim of this study was to localize QTL affecting egg quality traits by using methods of molecular genetics.  2, record 17, English, - shell%20strength

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Depuis de nombreuses années, des approches nutritionnelles, génétiques et d'élevage ont été proposées pour améliorer la solidité de la coquille et par conséquent, limiter le risque de toxi-infection alimentaire et la perte économique associés à la casse des œufs. Ces travaux ont évité toute dérive de la qualité de la coquille au fil des années, malgré une augmentation considérable de la production d'œufs de poule. Toutefois l'incidence globale du nombre d'œufs déclassés reste important (8 %). Aussi à Nouzilly, au sein de l'équipe qualité des produits avicoles de la station de recherches avicoles, nous avons mis en place depuis une dizaine d'années, un programme d'étude : les mécanismes de formation de la coquille afin de tester l'hypothèse d'un rôle de la matrice organique dans la fabrication de la coquille. Bien que mineure en quantité, cette matrice semble prépondérante dans le contrôle du processus de calcification de la coquille.  2, record 17, French, - solidit%C3%A9%20de%20la%20coquille

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Some of the factors affecting nutritional requirements are age, gender, stage of maturity, level of activity(work) ;body size, type, and level of production(i. e., lean or adipose body tissue, milk, eggs, wool, bone growth, etc.) ;environment(temperature, wind speed, moisture) ;physiological functions(i. e. maintenance, pregnancy, lactation) ;and health status(presence of disease).  4, record 18, English, - nutritional%20requirement

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

nutritional requirement; nutritive need; nutritional need; nutritive requirement: terms usually used in the plural.  5, record 18, English, - nutritional%20requirement

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une malnutrition protéino-énergétique se définit comme «des apports alimentaires insuffisants pour couvrir les besoins nutritionnels d'un patient».  3, record 18, French, - besoin%20nutritionnel

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

besoin nutritionnel; besoin nutritif : termes habituellement utilisés au pluriel.  4, record 18, French, - besoin%20nutritionnel

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In general, area source emission estimates are calculated from activity data and emission factors. Activity data usually comprise statistical production or process data at the provincial, territorial or national level.... For each source category, activity data are combined with emission factors to produce provincial/territorial-level emission estimates.  2, record 19, English, - provincial%20level

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

provincial level: term standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Report.  3, record 19, English, - provincial%20level

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

De manière générale, les estimations des émissions de sources étendues sont calculées d’après des données d’activité et des coefficients d’émission. Les données d’activité comprennent habituellement les statistiques sur la production ou les processus à l’échelle provinciale, territoriale ou nationale.  2, record 19, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20provinciale

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

échelle provinciale : terme normalisé par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre de l'Inventaire des émissions de polluants atmosphériques.  3, record 19, French, - %C3%A9chelle%20provinciale

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The quantity of goods or services entering the production process.  3, record 20, English, - input

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Compare with "output".  4, record 20, English, - input

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

factors of production : term usually used in the plural.  5, record 20, English, - input

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble des ressources économiques, y compris les moyens techniques, financiers et humains, utilisées ou mises en œuvre dans un processus de production.  4, record 20, French, - intrants

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par exemple en agriculture, semences, engrais, pesticides, carburant, aliments des animaux.  5, record 20, French, - intrants

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le terme «input» est parfois employé en ce sens en français.  4, record 20, French, - intrants

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 3 OBS

intrants; facteurs de production; entrées : termes habituellement utilisés au pluriel.  6, record 20, French, - intrants

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cantidad de energía, producto o servicio que se incorpora a un determinado proceso de producción.  5, record 20, Spanish, - insumos

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Total amount of remuneration earned during a financial year by the possessors of production factors(land, labour, capital, business risk). The equivalent to net national product at factor cost.  2, record 21, English, - national%20income

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It consists of wages, interest and dividends, rent, profits, etc.  3, record 21, English, - national%20income

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

national income: term and definition reproduced from the CAPITAL Business Dictionary with the permission of LID Editorial Empresarial.  4, record 21, English, - national%20income

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble des revenus des facteurs de production (terre, main d'œuvre, capital) pendant un exercice. Équivaut au produit national net au coût des facteurs.  2, record 21, French, - revenu%20national

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ces revenus proviennent des salaires, intérêts et dividendes, profits des sociétés, revenus fonciers et immobiliers, etc.  2, record 21, French, - revenu%20national

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 OBS

revenu national : terme extrait du CAPITAL Business Dictionary et reproduit avec l'autorisation de LID Editorial Empresarial.  3, record 21, French, - revenu%20national

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conjunto de retribuciones pagadas en el ejercicio a los poseedores de los factores productivos (tierra, trabajo, capital y riesgo empresarial). Equivale al producto nacional neto al coste de los factores.  3, record 21, Spanish, - renta%20nacional

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

renta nacional: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  4, record 21, Spanish, - renta%20nacional

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Decomposition of the observed rate of economic growth of a given country into components corresponding to factors of production responsible for growth.  2, record 22, English, - growth%20accounting

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

growth accounting: term extracted from the “Glossaire de l’économie” and reproduced with permission of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development.  3, record 22, English, - growth%20accounting

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

analyse causale de la croissance : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’économie» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  2, record 22, French, - analyse%20causale%20de%20la%20croissance

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An indicator of the annual monetary value of gross transfers from taxpayers to agricultural producers arising from policy measures based on the use of a specific fixed or variable input or a specific group of inputs or factors of production.  2, record 23, English, - payment%20based%20on%20input%20use

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Conditional on the on-farm use of specific fixed or variable inputs, they include explicit and implicit payments affecting specific variable input costs (1. Based on use of variable inputs); the cost of on-farm technical, sanitary and phytosanitary services (2. Based on use of on-farm services); or affecting specific fixed input costs, including investment costs (3. Based on use of fixed inputs).  2, record 23, English, - payment%20based%20on%20input%20use

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Indicateur de la valeur monétaire annuelle des transferts bruts des contribuables aux producteurs agricoles découlant des mesures fondées sur des contraintes à l'utilisation d'un intrant fixe ou variable spécifique ou d'un groupe spécifique d'intrants par limitation du choix des techniques de production.  2, record 23, French, - paiement%20au%20titre%20de%20l%27utilisation%20d%27intrants

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ces paiements sont octroyés à condition d'appliquer certaines contraintes (réduction, substitution ou suppression) à l'utilisation sur l'exploitation d'intrants variables spécifiques (a. Avec contraintes sur les intrants variables) ou d'intrants fixes (b. Avec contraintes sur les intrants fixes), ou encore des contraintes à l'utilisation d'un groupe d'intrants en limitant le choix des techniques de production des produits commercialisés, afin de réduire les externalités négatives ou bien de rémunérer les moyens de production agricole donnant lieu à des biens et services non marchands (c. Avec contraintes sur un groupe d'intrants).  2, record 23, French, - paiement%20au%20titre%20de%20l%27utilisation%20d%27intrants

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 2 OBS

paiement au titre de l'utilisation d'intrants : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’agriculture» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  3, record 23, French, - paiement%20au%20titre%20de%20l%27utilisation%20d%27intrants

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The return for the use of a factor of production in excess of the minimum required to bring forth the service of the factor. The surplus remaining to a project beneficiary after he receives the rewards necessary to attract physical inputs, labor, entrepreneurship, and the willingness to bear risk.  3, record 24, English, - economic%20rent

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The amount that a factor (of production) must earn in its present use to prevent it from transferring to another use is called its transfer earnings. Any excess over this amount is called its economic rent.  4, record 24, English, - economic%20rent

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This concept was originally developed to apply to land but is now applied to all factors of production.  5, record 24, English, - economic%20rent

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Surplus de revenu qui échoit au producteur d'un facteur par rapport au montant minimal dont il a besoin pour maintenir le facteur de production dans son état actuel et l'offrir sur le marché.  1, record 24, French, - rente

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Au sens économique, la rente est à l'origine le revenu foncier [...] la rente à tous les surplus non gagnés dont peuvent bénéficier les sujets économiques.  3, record 24, French, - rente

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

El rendimiento por la utilización de un factor de producción en exceso del mínimo necesario para producir el servicio del factor. Es el excedente que le queda al beneficiario de un proyecto después de que recibe las recompensas necesarias para atraer insumos físicos, mano de obra, capacidad empresarial y la disposición a correr riesgos.  1, record 24, Spanish, - renta%20econ%C3%B3mica

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A tabular arrangement showing the product resulting from varying combinations of the different factors of production. From the schedule can be determined the best combination of factors for each quantity of product.  3, record 25, English, - production%20schedule

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] document résumant, le plus souvent graphiquement, [l'ensemble des dispositions qu'une entreprise industrielle doit prendre pour mener à bien la fabrication de produits].  3, record 25, French, - calendrier%20de%20production

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The yield obtained from any process or product by employing one or more factors of production.  2, record 26, English, - productivity

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Productivity is usually calculated as an index number: the ratio of output to input.  2, record 26, English, - productivity

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Improved productivity.  3, record 26, English, - productivity

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport quantitatif entre le produit d'une activité et un ou plusieurs facteurs de cette même production tels que le nombre d'employés, le temps de travail, l'énergie.  2, record 26, French, - productivit%C3%A9

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Productivité améliorée.  3, record 26, French, - productivit%C3%A9

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Relación existente entre la cantidad de bienes o servicios producidos y la de trabajo, materias y capital precisos para obtenerlos.  2, record 26, Spanish, - productividad

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La productividad es el elemento básico en lo que respecta a la capacidad de competir en los mercados, puesto que indica el mejor o peor uso que se hace de los factores de producción.  3, record 26, Spanish, - productividad

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a state where there is no reason for diminishing returns to operate, since all factors grow in balance, and where all economies of large-scale production have already been realized...  1, record 27, English, - constant%20returns%20to%20scale

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... perfect competition is best maintained when there are "constant returns to scale" when all factors are increased simultaneously in the same proportion.  1, record 27, English, - constant%20returns%20to%20scale

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

These represent the quotient of the current and constant price estimates of value added in manufacturing adjusted, however, for changes in indirect taxes. Such indicators, which share the properties of the corresponding GNP deflator series for the overall economy, are best viewed in the present context as composite indicators of the cost(per unit of real value added) of all primary factors of production(including capital and "entrepreneurship", as well as labor). These indicators differ from final product prices in that they abstract from the costs of intermediate inputs obtained by the manufacturing sector from other sectors. The extrapolation beyond the most recent benchmark year is based on wholesale prices for manufactures adjusted to exclude the influence of changes in raw material prices.  1, record 28, English, - value%2Dadded%20deflators

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ils représentent le quotient des estimations aux prix courants et en prix constants de la valeur ajoutée dans le secteur manufacturier, corrigée, toutefois, des variations des impôts indirects. Ces indicateurs, qui possèdent les propriétés des séries correspondantes des déflateurs du PNB, devraient être considérés de préférence, ici, comme des indices composites du coût (par unité de valeur ajoutée réelle) de tous les facteurs de production de base, tant le capital et l'«esprit d'entreprise» que la main-d'œuvre. Ces indicateurs diffèrent des prix des produits finals car ils ne tiennent pas compte du coût des facteurs de production intermédiaires obtenus des autres secteurs par le secteur manufacturier. L'extrapolation au-delà de l'année de référence la plus récente est faite sur la base des prix de gros des produits manufacturés, corrigés de l'incidence des fluctuations des cours des matières premières.  3, record 28, French, - indices%20implicites%20de%20la%20valeur%20ajout%C3%A9e

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le terme déflateur, bien qu'utilisé par le FMI, n'est pas utilisé à la Banque du Canada.  3, record 28, French, - indices%20implicites%20de%20la%20valeur%20ajout%C3%A9e

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Fiche établie par Christine Laliberté, terminologue de la Banque du Canada à Ottawa.  3, record 28, French, - indices%20implicites%20de%20la%20valeur%20ajout%C3%A9e

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For example, for provinces with natural gas production, there are two emission factors for natural gas : marketable natural gas, which is sold to consumers, and non-marketable natural gas, which is consumed directly by the producers of natural gas.  1, record 29, English, - non%2Dmarketable%20natural%20gas

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans les provinces où l'on produit du gaz naturel, par exemple, il existe deux coefficients d'émission pour le gaz naturel : un pour le gaz naturel marchand, vendu aux consommateurs, et l'autre pour le gaz naturel non marchand, consommé directement par les producteurs de gaz naturel.  1, record 29, French, - gaz%20naturel%20non%20marchand

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A persistent rise in the price of goods, services and factors of production over an extended period of time, as measured by a price index such as the "consumer price index" or the "gross-domestic-product deflator;" it is the percentage change in the price index.  2, record 30, English, - inflation

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Inflation reduces the purchasing power of the dollar or any other unit of money, and tends to redistribute income from those with savings or those on fixed incomes to those who owe money or have sufficient bargaining power in the economy to raise their prices, wages, or professional fees above the rate of inflation.  2, record 30, English, - inflation

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Declining, subdued inflation.  3, record 30, English, - inflation

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Hausse du niveau moyen des prix des biens et services dans une économie.  2, record 30, French, - inflation

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Modération, niveau, recul, volatilité de l'inflation.  3, record 30, French, - inflation

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Elevación general del índice de precios, y por tanto disminución del poder adquisitivo del dinero.  2, record 30, Spanish, - inflaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Paliar los efectos de la inflación.  3, record 30, Spanish, - inflaci%C3%B3n

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 PHR

Inestabilidad, nivel de la inflación.  4, record 30, Spanish, - inflaci%C3%B3n

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The severity of fruit drop is influenced by several factors but plant stress and premature ethylene production is at the basis of true physiological drop. Stress factors such as late season heat, primary and secondary pest infestation, and nutrient imbalance or deficiency, and heavy summer pruning, all can contribute to drop.  1, record 31, English, - physiological%20drop

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chute naturelle de certains organes (bourgeons, fleurs, fruits...) formés par un végétal.  1, record 31, French, - chute%20physiologique

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Inflation generated by excessive growth of aggregate demand when the economy is in full employment.  2, record 32, English, - demand%2Dpull%20inflation

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As production factors are fully occupied, a strong growth in demand is translated into a rise in prices. In this situation the economic policy should be : to promote an increase in productivity, reduce public spending and practice a restrictive monetary policy.  2, record 32, English, - demand%2Dpull%20inflation

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

demand-pull inflation: term and definition reproduced from the CAPITAL Business Dictionary with the permission of LID Editorial Empresarial.  3, record 32, English, - demand%2Dpull%20inflation

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Inflation générée par une augmentation excessive de la demande globale, l'économie connaissant une situation de plein emploi.  1, record 32, French, - inflation%20par%20la%20demande

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Comme la totalité des facteurs de production sont employés, une forte augmentation de la demande se traduit par une hausse des prix. Dans une telle situation, la politique économique doit consister à : encourager une augmentation de la productivité, réduire les dépenses publiques et pratiquer une politique monétaire restrictive.  1, record 32, French, - inflation%20par%20la%20demande

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

inflation par la demande : terme et définition extraits du CAPITAL Business Dictionary et reproduits avec l'autorisation de LID Editorial Empresarial.  2, record 32, French, - inflation%20par%20la%20demande

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Inflación generada por excesivo crecimiento de la demanda agregada, estando la economía en pleno empleo. Al haber ocupación total de los factores de producción, un crecimiento fuerte de la demanda se traduce en alza de precios. En esta situación la política económica debe ser: fomentar un aumento de la productividad, reducir el gasto público y practicar una política monetaria restrictiva.  3, record 32, Spanish, - inflaci%C3%B3n%20de%20demanda

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

inflación de demanda: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  4, record 32, Spanish, - inflaci%C3%B3n%20de%20demanda

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A business organization with activities and invested capital in several countries.  11, record 33, English, - multinational

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Multinational corporations are able to use their financial resources, technology, managerial know-how, established systems of distribution, product identity, and economies of scale to set up subsidiaries in countries around the world and to allocate production according to local labour costs and skills, tax policies and incentives, distribution costs, and other such factors.  12, record 33, English, - multinational

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Entreprise ayant investi des capitaux et exerçant ses activités dans plusieurs pays.  6, record 33, French, - multinationale

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Empresa con sociedades de producción o distribución en diversos países.  2, record 33, Spanish, - multinacional

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Las EMN [empresas multinacionales] han adquirido gran importancia en todo el mundo, a partir, sobre todo, de EE.UU., Japón y la CEE [Comunidad Económica Europea].  4, record 33, Spanish, - multinacional

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

multinacional; sociedad multinacional: términos y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  7, record 33, Spanish, - multinacional

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The apportionment of the total income of society among the factors of production.  1, record 34, English, - distribution

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

As thus defined, distribution is one of the main topics customarily included in the study of economics. Among the subjects included under "distribution" are interest, profit, rent, and wages.  1, record 34, English, - distribution

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] dans les économies d'échange monétaire, la répartition est la ventilation du revenu national entre les divers facteurs qui ont contribué à sa création.  3, record 34, French, - r%C3%A9partition

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La répartition est entendue ici dans son sens fonctionnel, et porte sur les revenus attribués aux facteurs de production en rémunération de leur contribution aux processus de production.  3, record 34, French, - r%C3%A9partition

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Wheat which, as a result of variety or breeding in combination with environmental factors during growth, has a vitreous endosperm generally considered an advantage for the production of breadmaking flours.  2, record 35, English, - hard%20wheat

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Varieties of feed grain now exist which can also be termed "hard".  3, record 35, English, - hard%20wheat

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 OBS

hard wheat: Term used at the Canadian Grain Commission.  4, record 35, English, - hard%20wheat

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Les] blés appelés «Hard» - «Hard Red Winter, Hard Red Spring», par exemple, [...] sont des blés dits de force : blés à très bonne valeur boulangère qui, normalement, sont utilisés [en France] pour corriger et améliorer la valeur boulangère, souvent faible, des farines obtenues avec des blés français [...]  3, record 35, French, - bl%C3%A9%20de%20force

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ne pas confondre avec «blé dur» terme qui devrait servir exclusivement à désigner le Triticum durum, blé impropre à la panification et utilisé surtout pour fabriquer les pâtes alimentaires.  4, record 35, French, - bl%C3%A9%20de%20force

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 OBS

blé de force; blé vitreux : Termes en usage à la Commission canadienne des grains.  5, record 35, French, - bl%C3%A9%20de%20force

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The major factors that contribute to erosion are : continuous potato production; the tilling and cropping of steep fields, especially up and down the slope; the absence of winter soil cover by crops or crop residues; excessive tillage; excessive stone removal; and traffic over the soil while it is too wet.  3, record 36, English, - winter%20soil%20cover

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A combination of hairy vetch and rye or wheat would provide more winter soil cover and a larger yield of organic material than hairy vetch alone. This combination of hairy vetch with a winter grain has traditionally been used for winter soil cover in the states south of Ohio.  4, record 36, English, - winter%20soil%20cover

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

De 1995 à 1996, on a comparé les pertes de pesticides par écoulement de surface suivant deux épandages de fumier dans des champs de maïs à ensilage sur la côte sud de la Colombie Britannique. Les cultures de couverture d'hiver sur lesquelles on a appliqué du fumier à l'automne ont perdu par ruissellement 6 grammes d'atrazine par hectare. Par contre, les parcelles cultivées de manière plus classique (fumier épandu à l'automne et laissé en surface sans culture de couverture) ont perdu 10 grammes d'atrazine par hectare par ruissellement.  2, record 36, French, - couverture%20d%27hiver

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

They are accountable for activities related to : accords policy; oil and gas operations in non-accords policy; assessment of environmental factors; regulations; statutory economic analysis and hydrocarbon production; and land management.  1, record 37, English, - non%2Daccords%20policy

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phase of the economic cycle characterised by a high level of production, an abundance of goods in the market, full use of production factors and high salaries and profits. It is the equivalent to a boom and is situated between recovery and recession.  2, record 38, English, - prosperity

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

prosperity: term and definition reproduced from the CAPITAL Business Dictionary with the permission of LID Editorial Empresarial.  3, record 38, English, - prosperity

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phase du cycle économique caractérisée par un haut niveau de production, l'abondance de biens dans le marché, l'utilisation totale des facteurs de production, des salaires et des bénéfices élevés. Équivalent de la hausse, située entre la récupération et la récession.  1, record 38, French, - prosp%C3%A9rit%C3%A9

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

prospérité : terme et définition extraits du CAPITAL Business Dictionary et reproduits avec l'autorisation de LID Editorial Empresarial.  2, record 38, French, - prosp%C3%A9rit%C3%A9

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fase del ciclo económico caracterizada por un alto nivel productivo, abundancia de bienes en el mercado, empleo total de los factores de producción y salarios y beneficios altos. Equivale al auge y está situada entre la recuperación y la recesión.  2, record 38, Spanish, - prosperidad

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

prosperidad: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  3, record 38, Spanish, - prosperidad

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An economic system in which decisions about the allocation of resources and production are made on the basis of prices generated by voluntary exchanges between producers, consumers, workers and owners of factors of production.  5, record 39, English, - market%20economy

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Decision making in such an economy is decentralized - i.e., decisions are made independently by groups and individuals in the economy rather than by central planners. Market economies usually also involve a system of private ownership of the means of production - i.e., they are capitalist economies. However, market economies can function to some extent under social ownership.  5, record 39, English, - market%20economy

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Économie dans laquelle les agents économiques concentrent leur activité productive sur un nombre limité de biens ou de services et dans laquelle presque tous les biens et services sont directement accessibles, les prix de cession et les quantités échangées étant fixées librement par les acheteurs et les vendeurs.  1, record 39, French, - %C3%A9conomie%20de%20march%C3%A9

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

En sentido estricto, es el sistema económico en el cual, la asignación de recursos está determinada nada más por la oferta y la demanda aunque en la realidad existen limitaciones en todos los países a las libertades del mercado.  2, record 39, Spanish, - econom%C3%ADa%20de%20mercado

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La economía de mercado, se contrapone normalmente a la centralizada, o a la de planificación.  3, record 39, Spanish, - econom%C3%ADa%20de%20mercado

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A decreased production of male germ cells, caused by such factors as diseased testes or hypoleydigism(abnormally diminished functional activity of Leydig's interstitial cells).  1, record 40, English, - hypospermatogenesis

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Low sperm production.  2, record 40, English, - hypospermatogenesis

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Diminution de la production des cellules germinales de l'homme, résultant de facteurs tels qu'une affection testiculaire ou de l'hypoleydigisme (ou hypoandrogénie, c'est-à-dire diminution dans l'organisme des hormones dont dépendent les caractères masculins).  1, record 40, French, - hypospermatogen%C3%A8se

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cependant, l'hypospadias n'est pas signalé dans l'observation d'un homme stérile de 45 ans dont l'hypospermatogenèse prononcée s'accompagnait d'un début d'hyalinisation des tubes séminifères.  1, record 40, French, - hypospermatogen%C3%A8se

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Baja producción de células germinales masculinas (espermatozoides).  2, record 40, Spanish, - hipoespermatog%C3%A9nesis

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Las biopsias testiculares realizadas en hombres con varicocele demuestran descamación del epitelio germinal, hipoespermatogénesis o detención de la maduración en el estadio de espermátide, hiperplasia de células de Leydig y adelgazamiento tubular.  3, record 40, Spanish, - hipoespermatog%C3%A9nesis

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Kim (2002), Baccetti (1996) y Lin (1997) asocian varicocele con un aumento de la apoptosis [muerte celular programada] en las células germinales, visto tanto en biopsias del testículo ipsilateral al varicocele como en el contralateral y su importancia por asociarse a hipoespermatogénesis y por ende con infertilidad masculina.  4, record 40, Spanish, - hipoespermatog%C3%A9nesis

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because of the importance of standard samples, great care is taken in their preparation. Quantities of grain sufficient to prepare standard samples of each grade are obtained from primary elevators and from rail cars unloading at terminal elevators. About 50 tonnes are collected and sent annually to the Commission's Inspection Division. The samples are representative of the major grading factors peculiar to that crop and of a cross-section of all production areas. The term "standard" in the Canadian grading system, means minimum quality.  1, record 41, English, - minimum%20quality

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En raison de leur importance, on apporte le plus grand soin à la préparation des échantillons types. On prélève aux silos de collecte et dans les wagons en déchargement aux silos portuaires ou industriels des quantités de grain suffisantes pour constituer des échantillons. Ces prélèvements atteignent annuellement quelque 50 tonnes de grain que l'on envoie à la division d'Inspection de la Commission. Les échantillons ainsi recueillis sont représentatifs des principaux facteurs particuliers à la récolte et de l'ensemble des régions productrices. Le terme «type», dans le système d'agréage canadien, correspond à la qualité minimale.  1, record 41, French, - qualit%C3%A9%20minimale

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Winter wheat is an integral part of agriculture in Ontario and plays an important role in soil conservation by providing winter cover and organic matter to soils.  1, record 42, English, - soft%20winter%20wheat

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 OBS

soft wheats : wheats, which as a result of variety of breeding in combination with environmental factors during growth, have a white opaque endosperm generally considered more suitable for the production of cake and biscuit flours.  2, record 42, English, - soft%20winter%20wheat

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La culture du blé tendre d'hiver [...] fournit une couverture hivernale de nos sols, limitant ainsi le lessivage des nitrates.  2, record 42, French, - bl%C3%A9%20tendre%20d%27hiver

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

blés tendres : blés qui, par leurs caractères génétiques combinés avec certains facteurs d'environnement pendant leur croissance, ont un albumen blanc et opaque; on les considère généralement comme mieux appropriés à la production de farines à gâteaux et à biscuits.  3, record 42, French, - bl%C3%A9%20tendre%20d%27hiver

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A model which shows the propagation of prices of factors of production throughout the economy.(Source : Mr. L. Bolduc, Input-Output Division, Statistics Canada).  2, record 43, English, - price%20propagation%20model

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To the National Input-Output model was added a price propagation model.  1, record 43, English, - price%20propagation%20model

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Équivalent fourni par M. Rioux de la Division des entrées-sorties de Statistique Canada.  1, record 43, French, - mod%C3%A8le%20de%20propagation%20des%20prix

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Special Economic Zones(SEZs) also played an important role in international trade. These zones were entitled to beneficial tariff rate[ s] when importing equipment, raw materials and other production factors.  2, record 44, English, - beneficial%20tariff%20rate

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le titre ATA est une procédure douanière simple, rapide et sûre permettant un dédouanement facilité à un tarif avantageux.  3, record 44, French, - taux%20tarifaire%20avantageux

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

tarif, taux : Prix fixé par convention ou contrat ou par l'usage, par exemple un taux horaire, un tarif d'annonces, un tarif à la page, un tarif saisonnier, réduit ou préférentiel.  4, record 44, French, - taux%20tarifaire%20avantageux

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Paragraph 6. 1. 2 and 6. 2. 2... provide for an adventitious(accidental) inclusion of food from a genetically engineered crop of less than 5%... In the production of field crops, adventitious material can be introduced by natural factors such as the wind, insects, and other animals spreading seed from another crop, or by exposure to other crops through bulk handling systems.  2, record 45, English, - adventitious%20material

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les alinéas 6.1.2 et 6.2.2 [...] prévoient que le matériel adventice (accidentel) provenant de cultures modifiées par génie génétique présent dans des aliments doit être inférieur à 5 % [...] Lors de la production de plantes de grandes cultures, le matériel adventice peut être introduit par des facteurs naturels comme le vent, les insectes et d'autres animaux propageant des semences d'une autre culture, ou encore par contact avec d'autres cultures lorsqu'on utilise des systèmes de manutention en vrac.  2, record 45, French, - mat%C3%A9riel%20adventice

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The studies and activities involved in defining a product or service.  2, record 46, English, - upstream%20marketing

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Upstream marketing] is the "strategic marketing" phase in which a product’s market profile and target customer base is identified.  2, record 46, English, - upstream%20marketing

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Considerations such as sociological and demographic change, consumer habits, cultural influences, location, customer expectations, assessment of the competition, production differentiation and positioning are other factors used in determining how to profitability develop a product meeting the needs of a specific customer base.  2, record 46, English, - upstream%20marketing

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Activité stratégique de l'entreprise pour étudier les marchés fournisseurs, évaluer les avantages et les inconvénients de chacun, en engager des négociations pour obtenir les meilleurs produits et les meilleurs services dans les conditions les plus avantageuses.  2, record 46, French, - mercatique%20d%27amont

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'analyse des sources de matières premières, l'appréciation de l'éventail des offres disponibles, l'étude des nouvelles solutions et des modalités de prestations, constituent les bases du marketing-amont.  2, record 46, French, - mercatique%20d%27amont

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 OBS

mercatique d'amont : terme publié au Journal officiel du 12 mai 2000.  3, record 46, French, - mercatique%20d%27amont

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Simply stated, the theorem says that when the prices of the output goods are equalized between countries as they move to free trade, then the prices of the factors (capital and labor) will also be equalized between countries.  2, record 47, English, - factor%2Dprice%20equalization%20theorem

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The factor-price equalization theorem holds that international trade will bring about equalization in the relative and absolute returns to homogeneous factors of production across countries.  3, record 47, English, - factor%2Dprice%20equalization%20theorem

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Selon le théorème de l'égalisation des prix des facteurs de production, le commerce international permettra d'égaliser les rendements relatifs et absolus de facteurs de production homogènes entre les pays.  3, record 47, French, - th%C3%A9or%C3%A8me%20de%20l%27%C3%A9galisation%20des%20prix%20des%20facteurs

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This is the ability to utilize language(either oral or written) to communicate information or ideas to another person or persons. It requires the production and utilization of individual words or of words in context(i. e., in phrases, sentences, etc.) to express ideas or factual information. Neither the actual production of the ideas nor questions relating to the quality of an idea are included under this ability. The ability is concerned solely with the quality of the communication of such ideas. Quality of communication can be thought of as depending upon factors such as(1) size of one's vocabulary,(2) knowledge of distinctions among words, and(3) knowledge of grammar and syntax.  2, record 48, English, - verbal%20expression