TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tower clocks, also known as turret clocks, are large clocks that are mounted on towers or other high structures, such as churches or city halls. These clocks are often visible from a distance and serve as a focal point for the community.  3, record 1, English, - tower%20clock

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Confocal microscopy. Unlike "normal" microscopy, only a spot of a minimum size in the specimen is illuminated in confocal microscopy. To enable an image to be formed from this, the specimen must be scanned. The image of the spot is directed through a pinhole stop in an intermediate image plane. As a result, only light from the focal plane can reach the detector(a photomultiplier). All other(out-of-focus) planes are blocked out. This results in an "optical section". The images are stored electronically and displayed on a monitor. A series of optical sections can be recorded by moving a motor a slight distance along the z-axis each time an image has been recorded, after which the next image is then also recorded. Such a z-series permits the electronic reconstruction of the three-dimensional structure using suitable computer programs. The procedure, which is restricted to incident-light techniques, has completely revolutionized fluorescence microscopy in biology in particular.  2, record 2, English, - confocal%20microscopy

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La technique de microscopie confocale mise au point [...] pour l'imagerie cutanée in vivo est issue d'une adaptation du Tandem Scanning Microscope (TSM), un microscope à balayage optique en temps réel. Le principe confocal utilise la lumière blanche en mode réflexion et un disque rotatif pour donner une image nette dans la profondeur d'un tissu, en éliminant de l'image toutes les informations situées au-dessus et en dessous du plan focal.  2, record 2, French, - microscopie%20confocale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Un des aspects les plus intéressants de la microscopie confocale, outre son caractère non destructif, est sa rapidité de mise en œuvre; elle comble un fossé important entre la microscopie optique conventionnelle et la microscopie électronique. La localisation de molécules spécifiques, dans le contexte cellulaire, apporte d'importantes contributions à l'étude fonctionnelle des systèmes biologiques à différents niveaux d'organisation : subcellulaire, cellulaire, tissulaire ou organisme entier. L'utilisation de traceurs fluorescents très spécifiques permet de localiser in situ avec une résolution spatiale de l'ordre de 400 - 500 nanomètres, des composants macro-moléculaires tels que acides nucléiques et protéines, mais aussi de petites molécules telles que des peptides, lipides et même des ions.  2, record 2, French, - microscopie%20confocale

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La microscopie confocale permet la localisation in situ d'une sonde fluorescente dans des cellules d'un spécimen d'une épaisseur de 10 mm à 50 mm selon certains auteurs (5 mm à 30 mm plus raisonnablement), sans sectionnement mécanique préalable. Son concurrent est le laser krypton (longueur d'onde) qui permet une excitation des fluorochromes situés dans le Vert (Texas-Red, Cyanin Blue).  3, record 2, French, - microscopie%20confocale

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A lens with a short focal length. Lenses of this type do not cover the diagonal of the negative. They produce a smaller image, at the same distance, than those yielded by normal or long-focus lenses but cover a greater part of that image.  1, record 3, English, - short%2Dfocus%20lens

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Designations like "wide angle" or "narrow angle" are not necessarily synonymous with "short focus" and "long focus", as the latter terms refer to the focal length of the lens relative to the picture format.  3, record 3, English, - short%2Dfocus%20lens

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour une longueur focale donnée, l'objet photographié a une dimension de reproduction constante, quel que soit le format, et c'est seulement le champ de l'image qui s'élargit en même temps que grandit ce dernier. Autrement dit, pour une distance focale déterminée, l'objet photographié avec des appareils de formats différents aura à une distance constante une dimension constante; seule l'étendue du paysage qui l'entoure variera. On emploie couramment les expressions suivantes: objectif de courte longueur focale, de grande longueur focale, etc.  1, record 3, French, - objectif%20de%20courte%20longueur%20focale

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A lens that changes the size of an image without altering the focal distance.  3, record 4, English, - aniseikonic%20lens

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The iseikonic lens changes the size of the object rather than the size of the image.  4, record 4, English, - aniseikonic%20lens

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Verre employé pour corriger l'aniséiconie.  1, record 4, French, - verre%20is%C3%A9iconique

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Lente cuyo objetivo es igualar las dos imágenes retinianas.  1, record 4, Spanish, - lente%20aniseic%C3%B3nica

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lente, término ambiguo no diferenciado, es decir que el significado conceptual se mantiene no importando el género que se use. De acuerdo a la Real Academia Española: “Es válido su uso en ambos géneros en cualquiera de sus acepciones, aunque las preferencias son distintas según las zonas; así, cuando significa "pieza transparente que se emplea en instrumentos ópticos", en España se usa en femenino, mientras que en América alternan ambos géneros, con cierta preferencia por el masculino […]”  2, record 4, Spanish, - lente%20aniseic%C3%B3nica

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The distance between the back principal plane and the back paraxial focal point.  1, record 5, English, - paraxial%20focal%20length

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

paraxial focal length: term and definition standardized by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO).  2, record 5, English, - paraxial%20focal%20length

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Distance entre le plan principal image et le point focal paraxial image.  1, record 5, French, - distance%20focale%20paraxiale

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

distance focale paraxiale : terme et définition normalisés par l'Organisation internationale de normalisation (ISO).  2, record 5, French, - distance%20focale%20paraxiale

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... The distance along the optical axis between the intercept of the rays that are nearly on the optical axis(paraxial rays) and the rays that go through the edge of the lens(marginal rays) is called longitudinal spherical aberration(LSA). The height at which these rays intercept the paraxial focal plane is called transverse spherical aberration(TSA).  1, record 6, English, - longitudinal%20spherical%20aberration

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Aberration de sphéricité : pour un objet rejeté à l'infini, on observe une focalisation autour du foyer. L'extension de l'image selon l'axe optique est l'aberration sphérique longitudinale et dans le plan focal image l'aberration sphérique transversale.  4, record 6, French, - aberration%20sph%C3%A9rique%20longitudinale

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Distancia en dioptrías entre el foco de los rayos paraaxiales y los rayos paraaxiales.  1, record 6, Spanish, - aberraci%C3%B3n%20esf%C3%A9rica%20longitudinal

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Distance between the film used and the focal point inside the camera.  3, record 7, English, - focal%2Dfilm%20distance

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The distance from the focal point of a lens or curved mirror to the principal point; for a thin lens it is approximately the distance from the focal point to the lens.  3, record 8, English, - focal%20length

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Longueur comptée du plan principal au foyer.  3, record 8, French, - distance%20focale

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Photographie] Plus la longueur focale est courte et plus l'angle de vision est grand (lentille grand-angle). Plus la longueur focale est longue et plus l'angle de vision est étroit (téléobjectif).  2, record 8, French, - distance%20focale

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A focus which results from the setting of a lens at a very short distance perspective, as it is common with wide-angle lenses that notably feature a short focal length.  2, record 9, English, - short%20focus

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Short-focus lenses] produce a smaller image, at the same distance, than those yielded by normal or long-focus lenses, but cover a greater part of that image.  3, record 9, English, - short%20focus

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Foyer résultant du réglage d'un objectif sur une perspective à très courte distance, comme on peut l'observer avec les lentilles grand angulaires dont la distance focale est notoirement courte.  2, record 9, French, - court%20foyer

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... The distance along the optical axis between the intercept of the rays that are nearly on the optical axis(paraxial rays) and the rays that go through the edge of the lens(marginal rays) is called longitudinal spherical aberration(LSA). The height at which these rays intercept the paraxial focal plane is called transverse spherical aberration(TSA).  1, record 10, English, - transverse%20spherical%20aberration

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Aberration de sphéricité : pour un objet rejeté à l'infini, on observe une focalisation autour du foyer. L'extension de l'image selon l'axe optique est l'aberration sphérique longitudinale et dans le plan focal image l'aberration sphérique transversale.  5, record 10, French, - aberration%20sph%C3%A9rique%20transversale

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The apparent relation between the shape, visual scale and position of visible objects ...  2, record 11, English, - perspective

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The size of identical objects at different distances from the observer appear to be in inverse ratio to their distances. In viewing a photograph, the eye receives the same perspective impression as it would when viewing the original scene if a contact print of the photograph is viewed at a distance equal to the focal length of the camera lens used.  2, record 11, English, - perspective

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Qualité perceptuelle de la troisième dimension dans l'espace ou sur une représentation graphique plane, comme un dessin.  1, record 11, French, - perspective

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vegetation monitoring has been one of the main focal points of remote sensing study since remote sensing research began. Many vegetation indices, using red and infrared reflectance, have been devised. The Perpendicular Vegetation Index(PVI), Ratio Index and Normalized Vegetation Index are among the well known indices of this type. The Perpendicular Vegetation Index, proposed by Richardson and Wiegand(1977), was defined as the distance from the soil line on a scatter plot of near infrared(NIR) versus red reflectance. The pixel vectors of bare land in such plots vary with soil moisture content. The PVI was developed as a vegetation index to effectively monitor the vegetation biomass without being affected by differences in soil background.  3, record 12, English, - perpendicular%20vegetation%20index

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

perpendicular vegetation index; PVI: term and abbreviation officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  4, record 12, English, - perpendicular%20vegetation%20index

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Indice de végétation utilisé pour la surveillance de la biomasse sans que n'entrent en compte les différences de l'arrière-plan sol.  2, record 12, French, - indice%20de%20v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tation%20perpendiculaire

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

indice de végétation perpendiculaire; PVI : terme et abréviation uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  2, record 12, French, - indice%20de%20v%C3%A9g%C3%A9tation%20perpendiculaire

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Distance from the lens mounting flange to the image plane.  1, record 13, English, - flange%20focal%20distance

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

distance focale.  3, record 13, French, - distance%20focale%20de%20la%20bague

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A long-focus lens gives a high resolution image over quite a narrow field of view. Its long focal length means that the main lens elements must be mounted at the front of a long tube to be at a sufficient distance from the film to form a sharp image.  2, record 14, English, - long%20focal%20length%20lens

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Objectifs de longue focale - Leur angle de champ est inférieur ou très inférieur à celui de l'objectif normal. [...] Un objectif de longue focale donne une image dont la perspective - la convergence naturelle des lignes parallèles du sujet - semble moins forte. Les plans du sujet, normalement étagés en profondeur - un paysage, par exemple - paraissent se confondre les uns avec les autres.  5, record 14, French, - objectif%20%C3%A0%20longue%20focale

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A long focal-length lens with a narrow angle of vision that magnifies the size of objects from a distance.  4, record 15, English, - telephotographic%20lens

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A telephoto is a long-focus lens incorporating some light diverging elements at the camera end. These have the effect of making the lens-image distance less than the focal length would otherwise require. The telephoto is therefore shorter than a lens of conventional design, although it has the same focal length. Both give images of identical size.  5, record 15, English, - telephotographic%20lens

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Objectif dont d'angle de champ est réduit par rapport à l'angle de l'objectif normal.  3, record 15, French, - t%C3%A9l%C3%A9objectif

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grâce à sa construction particulière, un téléobjectif offre une longue focale pour un tirage relativement faible. Sa formule optique est (...) un élément convergent à l'avant, un élément divergent à l'arrière. Pour une distance focale identique, un téléobjectif est moins protubérant, est moins éloigné du film qu'une longue focale ordinaire. Principe du téléobjectif - L'élément divergent donne de AB (image du sujet normalement formée par l'élément convergent) une image grossie A'B'.  4, record 15, French, - t%C3%A9l%C3%A9objectif

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Distance from the rearmost element in a lens to the focal plane.  2, record 16, English, - back%20focal%20distance

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Taking Close-ups. ] With telephoto lenses, first focus on an object at infinitly with the lens mounted normally on the camera. Measure forward from the film plane a distance equal to the focal length of the lens and mark the lens barrel at that point.  1, record 17, English, - lens%20barrel

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pièce mécanique permettant la fixation et le centrage d'une lentille ou d'un groupe de lentilles dans la monture d'un objectif.  2, record 17, French, - barillet

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The simplest way is to add a positive supplementary lens or "close-up attachment" in front of the camera lens. This has the effect of shortening the focal length of the camera lens. As focal length decreases, so does the minimum focusing distance. Therefore, the lens can be brought nearer the subject and the image will be proportionately larger.  2, record 18, English, - positive%20supplementary%20lens

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Some cameras have double or triple extension bellows that permit close-up photography without accessories. A double-extension bellows is one that is long enough to place a normal-focal-length lens(for the film format in use) at a distance of two focal lengths from the film plane.  1, record 19, English, - double%2Dextension%20bellows

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Some cameras have double or triple extension bellows that permit close-up photography without accessories. A double-extension bellows is one that is long enough to place a normal-focal-length lens(for the film format in use) at a distance of two focal lengths from the film plane.  1, record 20, English, - triple%20extension%20bellows

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

an instrument for determining the distance of an object of known size or the size of an object at known distance by measuring the image of it produced by a lens of known focal length.  1, record 21, English, - iconometer

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

En photographie, viseur permettant de déterminer la distance focale de l'objectif à utiliser pour qu'un sujet donné couvre le format choisi.  1, record 21, French, - iconom%C3%A8tre

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish