TERMIUM Plus^®

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Fossil fuel is a generic term for non-renewable energy sources such as coal, coal products, natural gas, derived gas, crude oil, petroleum products and non-renewable wastes. These fuels originate from plants and animals that existed in the geological past(for example, millions of years ago).  2, record 1, English, - fossil%20fuel

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fossil fuel: term often used in the plural as a collective term.  3, record 1, English, - fossil%20fuel

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fossil fuel: term used at the Office of Energy Efficiency, Natural Resources Canada, and extracted from its 2001 Annual Report.  4, record 1, English, - fossil%20fuel

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fossil fuel: term standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Report.  5, record 1, English, - fossil%20fuel

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Le terme combustible fossile est un terme générique désignant toutes les ressources énergétiques naturelles non renouvelables, telles que le charbon, le gaz naturel et le pétrole, formées à partir de plantes et d'animaux (biomasse) vivant dans le passé géologique (il y a des centaines de millions d'années, par exemple).  2, record 1, French, - combustible%20fossile

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combustible fossile : terme souvent utilisé au pluriel comme collectif.  3, record 1, French, - combustible%20fossile

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combustible fossile : terme en usage à l'Office de l'efficacité énergétique, Ressources naturelles Canada, et extrait de son rapport annuel de 2001.  4, record 1, French, - combustible%20fossile

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combustible fossile : terme normalisé par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre de l'Inventaire des émissions de polluants atmosphériques.  5, record 1, French, - combustible%20fossile

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Combustibles fósiles. Se agrupan bajo esta denominación el carbón, el petróleo y el gas natural, productos que por sus características químicas se emplean como combustibles. Se han formado naturalmente a través de complejos procesos biogeoquímicos, desarrollados bajo condiciones especiales durante millones de años. La materia prima a partir de la cual se generaron incluye restos vegetales y antiguas comunidades planctónicas. Constituyen un recurso natural no renovable.  2, record 1, Spanish, - combustible%20f%C3%B3sil

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The conventional energy resources on which our economy is built are not renewable; these are nuclear power and the fossil fuels, such as coal, natural gas, and oil.  2, record 2, English, - conventional%20energy%20resources

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Compte tenu de sa dotation relativement faible en ressources énergétiques classiques, l'Inde a commencé à s'intéresser aux possibilités de produire de l'électricité au moyen de sources d'énergie [non classiques.]  3, record 2, French, - ressources%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tiques%20classiques

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ressources énergétiques conventionnelles : L'emploi de l'adjectif «conventionnel» pour qualifier les ressources énergétiques dont l'utilisation est très répandue constitue un anglicisme. Cette construction est donc à éviter.  4, record 2, French, - ressources%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tiques%20classiques

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

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La denominación "recursos energéticos convencionales" corresponde a los de mayor utilización hoy en día: carbón mineral, petróleo y sus derivados, gas natural, energía eléctrica (bien sea de origen hídrico o térmico), la energía nuclear y la biomasa.  1, record 2, Spanish, - recurso%20energ%C3%A9tico%20convencional

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recurso energético convencional: término utilizado generalmente en plural.  2, record 2, Spanish, - recurso%20energ%C3%A9tico%20convencional

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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A layer of fine-grained detrital material, usually clay, lying immediately beneath a coal bed or forming the floor of a coal seam. It represents the old soil in which the plants(from which the coal was formed) were rooted, and it commonly contains fossil roots... It is often a "fireclay"...  2, record 3, English, - underclay

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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Couche d'argile formant le mur d'une couche de houille.  2, record 3, French, - underclay

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Les Américains appellent «underclays» les roches argileuses qui sont situées au mur des couches de houille [...]. Il est évident que la minéralogie des «underclays» est variée puisque les roches dont elles sont issues le sont, mais des variations supplémentaires surviennent.  1, record 3, French, - underclay

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Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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Almost all of the emission changes over the long term are attributable to six major areas : the fossil fuel(coal, oil and gas) industries, transport, electricity generation, manufacturing, commercial/institutional and agriculture.  1, record 4, English, - fossil%20fuel%20industry

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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Presque tous les changements à long terme survenus dans les émissions concernent six grands domaines : les industries des combustibles fossiles (charbon, pétrole et gaz), le transport, la production d’électricité, le secteur manufacturier, le secteur commercial/institutionnel et l’agriculture.  1, record 4, French, - industrie%20des%20combustibles%20fossiles

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Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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Fuel from a finite resource that will eventually dwindle and become too expensive or too environmentally damaging to retrieve.  2, record 5, English, - non%2Drenewable%20fuel

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Includes fossil fuel from coal, petroleum and natural gas and nuclear energy.  2, record 5, English, - non%2Drenewable%20fuel

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Combustible tiré d’une ressource finie, destiné à s’amenuiser et à devenir trop coûteux ou dont la production a des effets trop nocifs sur l’environnement, comme les combustibles fossiles tirés du charbon, du pétrole et du gaz naturel, et l’énergie nucléaire.  2, record 5, French, - combustible%20non%20renouvelable

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Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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... distinction should be made between secondary true dopplerite,... and fossil dopplerite(Zittavite) originating at the peat stage of soft brown coal.  1, record 6, English, - fossil%20dopplerite

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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Il y a deux types de dopplérite, la dopplérite vraie et la dopplérite fossile ou zittavite, formée dès le stade tourbe du lignite tendre.  1, record 6, French, - doppl%C3%A9rite%20fossile

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Voir aussi «dopplerite».  1, record 6, French, - doppl%C3%A9rite%20fossile

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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... distinction should be made between secondary true dopplerite recently formed in fissures in soft brown coal, and fossil dopplerite...  1, record 7, English, - true%20dopplerite

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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Il faut distinguer la dopplérite fossile de la dopplérite vraie, secondaire, formée plus récemment dans les fissures de lignite tendre.  1, record 7, French, - doppl%C3%A9rite%20vraie

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Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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A carbonaceous fuel mixed or stripped from the earth, such as petroleum, coal, peat, shale oil, or tar sands.  2, record 8, English, - mineral%20fuel

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... coal and petroleum (the so-called mineral fuels) ... belong to the mineral kingdom but are non-crystalline and not necessarily formed by inorganic processes.  3, record 8, English, - mineral%20fuel

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Note that coal, oil and natural gas are primary energy sources which are extracted from the earth(fossil fuels). Natural uranium is also a primary energy source extracted from the earth but does not come from the decomposition of organisms(mineral fuel).  4, record 8, English, - mineral%20fuel

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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Les principaux combustibles sont le bois, la houille, le pétrole et le gaz naturel. À l'exception du bois, tous ces combustibles sont classés comme combustibles minéraux, parce qu'ils sont extraits de formations rocheuses, mais ils ne constituent pas des minéraux [...]  2, record 8, French, - combustible%20min%C3%A9ral

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Gîtes d'origine chimico-biologique. À ce type appartiennent les combustibles minéraux (houille, pétrole), les minerais de fer oolithique et les gisements de phosphates sédimentaires [...]  3, record 8, French, - combustible%20min%C3%A9ral

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Le calcaire, le granite, le basalte sont des roches aussi bien que l'argile, le sable, et les combustibles minéraux tels la houille, le pétrole et même les hydrocarbures gazeux.  4, record 8, French, - combustible%20min%C3%A9ral

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Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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Several participants saw natural gas as a transition fuel between coal and oil and renewable energy sources.... natural gas has a bridging role as a fossil fuel between fuels that have a higher [greenhouse gas] output per unit of energy and renewable fuels such as wind and solar power.  2, record 9, English, - transition%20fuel

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

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Plusieurs participants voyaient le gaz naturel comme un carburant de transition entre le charbon et le pétrole et les sources d'énergie renouvelables. [...] legaz naturel joue un rôle de pont en tant que combustible fossile, entre les combustibles ayant une plus grande production de [gaz à effet de serre] par unité d'énergie et les combustibles renouvelables tels que les filières éolienne et solaire.  2, record 9, French, - carburant%20de%20transition

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Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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Ranging from less than 20 to more than 98 percent in carbon content, coal is the most carbon-rich fossil fuel. The industrial era's heavy combustion of these fuels is short-circuiting the global carbon cycle, building up atmospheric CO₂ concentrations to their highest point in 420, 000 years.  2, record 10, English, - carbon%2Drich%20fossil%20fuel

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"Intervention" scenarios are designed to examine the impact of efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. They depend not only on assumptions about population and economic growth, but also about how future societies would respond to the introduction of climate change policies such as taxes on carbon-rich fossil fuels.  3, record 10, English, - carbon%2Drich%20fossil%20fuel

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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Les scénarios d'«intervention», visent à étudier l'impact des efforts déployés pour réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Ils reposent non seulement sur des hypothèses concernant la croissance démographique et économique mais aussi sur la manière dont les sociétés réagiront à l'avenir à l'introduction de politiques telles que les taxes sur les combustibles fossiles riches en carbone.  2, record 10, French, - combustible%20fossile%20riche%20en%20carbone

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Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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Petroleum is the mixture of complex hydrogen and carbon compounds, known as hydrocarbons, found in the Earth's crust. Most of these compounds are the fossil remains of prehistoric forests and seabeds and can be thought of as fossilized biomass. If fossil hydrocarbons are very high in carbon content and in solid form, they are classified as coal.  1, record 11, English, - fossil%20hydrocarbon

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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Hydrocarbure d'origine fossile dont l'exploitation permet l'obtention de combustibles tels que le charbon, le pétrole et le gaz naturel.  2, record 11, French, - hydrocarbure%20fossile

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Mixed fuels refer to fuels that contain both fossil and renewable(biodegradable) coal.  2, record 12, English, - mixed%20fuels

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Record 13,  Textual support,  English

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All fossil fuels from a continuous and progressive series, ranging from lignite, through the various bituminous coals, to anthracite. It is the position of coal in this series that determines its rank. Therefore, lignite is a low-rank coal while anthracite is a high-rank coal.  2, record 13, English, - low%2Drank%20coal

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rank: The position of a coal relative to other coals in the coalification series from brown coal (low rank) to anthracite (high rank), indicating its maturity in terms of its general chemical and physical properties.  2, record 13, English, - low%2Drank%20coal

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

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Le rang d'un charbon est sa position relativement à d'autres charbons dans la série de la houillification depuis le lignite tendre (rang bas) jusqu'à l'anthracite (rang élevé). Elle indique sa maturité en fonction de ses propriétés générales chimiques et physiques.  2, record 13, French, - charbon%20de%20rang%20bas

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Brownish-yellow fossil resin with pleasing odor that occurs in brown coal.  1, record 14, English, - euosmite

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Résine fossile odoriférante.  2, record 14, French, - euosmite

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Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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A tax levied on all fossil fuels in proportion to the amount of carbon dioxide that is released as they burn.  4, record 15, English, - carbon%20tax

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Greenhouse gases other than carbon dioxide are estimated in carbon (dioxide) equivalent.  5, record 15, English, - carbon%20tax

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Carbon taxes discourage the use of fossil fuels and aim to reduce carbon dioxide emissions by placing a surcharge on the carbon content of oil, coal, and gas.  6, record 15, English, - carbon%20tax

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In this form of fuel tax, the level of taxation is determined by the carbon content of each fuel. Users of natural gas would pay less than users of petroleum gasoline (Source: Mintzer, 1992).  7, record 15, English, - carbon%20tax

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

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[...] une taxe sur la teneur en carbone du pétrole, du charbon et du gaz découragerait l'utilisation des combustibles fossiles et réduirait ainsi les émissions de dioxyde de carbone. Un certain nombre de pays industrialisés ont déjà tenté d'instaurer une taxe sur le carbone. De nombreux économistes estiment que cette taxe pourrait entraîner une réduction des émissions de CO₂ à un coût minimum. Toutefois, comme les taxes laissent les particuliers et les entreprises libres de leur choix, elle ne garantit pas absolument que le niveau d'émissions prescrit sera atteint. Pour être efficace, la taxe doit être bien conçue et bien gérée.  2, record 15, French, - taxe%20sur%20les%20%C3%A9missions%20carboniques

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Marked by his carbon intensity.  2, record 16, English, - carbon%2Dintensive

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Policies that preserve flexibility and diversity in supplying energy and that as far as possible avoid irreversible commitments to large-scale, long-term use of coal or oil shale may also be appropriate. Over the intermediate term, policies to encourage the substitution of less carbon-intensive fuels are appropriate for consideration by governments. Such policies might include(1) a "carbon tax" on fossil fuel use;(2) a system of marketable permits for CO2 or greenhouse gas emissions, tradeable on a regional basis or(3) incentives for the use of alternative non-fossil technologies.  3, record 16, English, - carbon%2Dintensive

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A carbon-intensive activity, apparatus, method, process.  4, record 16, English, - carbon%2Dintensive

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Qui se caractérise par son intensité carbonique.  2, record 16, French, - %C3%A0%20intensit%C3%A9%20carbonique

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L'intensité carbonique permet de reconnaître le moins polluant (du point de vue rejet de gaz carbonique) de plusieurs appareils, procédés ou méthodes. Plus l'intensité est faible moins l'appareil pollue, plus elle est élevée, plus l'appareil pollue. Il faut bien prendre garde de ne pas confondre cette notion avec l'intensité énergétique : un combustible qui offre un bon rendement (énergie utilisée-travail produit) est qualifié de combustible à forte intensité énergétique; un combustible qui produit peu de rejets carboniques est qualifié de combustible à faible intensité carbonique.  2, record 16, French, - %C3%A0%20intensit%C3%A9%20carbonique

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À faible, à grande intensité carbonique.  3, record 16, French, - %C3%A0%20intensit%C3%A9%20carbonique

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Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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Coal occurring in the form of layers or seams among stratified rocks.  2, record 17, English, - fossil%20coal

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The Mo-Ni sulphide ores consist of a mixture of sulphide clasts, phosphorite pellets and low-grade anthracitic coal referred to as "stone coal."  5, record 17, English, - fossil%20coal

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Following The Oxford English Dictionary (OXENG, 1989, volume 6, page 111), "fossil", as an adjective, means "obtained by digging" or "found buried in the earth".  6, record 17, English, - fossil%20coal

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Les minerais sulfurés de Mo-Ni sont composés d'un mélange de clastes sulfurés, de boulettes phosphoritiques et de charbon anthracitique à faible teneur appelé «charbon rocheux».  5, record 17, French, - charbon

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On désigne sous le nom simple de charbon le «charbon de terre» ou charbon minéral, par opposition au charbon de bois et autres matières carbonées comme la tourbe.  9, record 17, French, - charbon

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Carbón natural, sólido y combustible, de color pardo a negro y consistencia pétrea, formado por carbono amorfo acompañado de hidrocarburos, compuestos orgánicos complejos y material inorgánico.  4, record 17, Spanish, - carb%C3%B3n%20mineral

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Según su naturaleza, [el carbón mineral] se designa con los nombres de antracita, hulla y lignito.  2, record 17, Spanish, - carb%C3%B3n%20mineral

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Climate Change Technologies for Fossil Fuels Workshop, June 16, 2003, Calgary Marriott Hotel. The purpose of this Workshop is to bring together research managers from Mexico, the United States and Canada to identify ideas for collaborative R&D projects related to Climate Change Technologies for Fossil Fuels that cover the following themes : CO₂ Capture & Storage. Clean Coal Combustion Systems. Co-production and Ultra Clean Fuels. Emissions Controls.  1, record 18, English, - clean%20coal%20combustion%20system

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

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«Climate Change Technologies for Fossil Fuels Workshop» (Atelier sur la technologie liée aux changements climatiques pour les combustibles fossiles), Le 16 juin 2003, Hôtel Marriott de Calgary. Cet atelier vise à réunir des gestionnaires de recherches provenant du Mexique, des États-Unis et du Canada afin de trouver des moyens de concevoir des programmes conjoints de recherche et de développement portant sur la technologie liée aux changements climatiques pour les combustibles fossiles, le tout regroupant les thèmes suivants : la capture et le stockage du CO₂; les systèmes de combustion écologique du charbon; la coproduction de combustibles ultra écologiques; le contrôle des émissions.  1, record 18, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20combustion%20%C3%A9cologique%20du%20charbon

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Record 19,  Textual support,  English

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The amount of energy available to the final consumer, plus conversion losses and energy used by the energy supply industries themselves.  1, record 19, English, - primary%20energy%20consumption

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Conversion losses are losses in the processing of refined petroleum products, for example, or losses due to thermal and mechanical inefficiencies resulting from the conversion of fossil fuels-coal, oil and natural gas-into electricity in thermal power generation.  1, record 19, English, - primary%20energy%20consumption

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

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Quantité d'énergie dont dispose le consommateur final, augmentée des pertes en cours de conversion et des quantités utilisées par l'industrie de l'approvisionnement en électricité elle-même.  1, record 19, French, - consommation%20d%27%C3%A9nergie%20primaire

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Les pertes en cours de conversion sont les pertes subies au cours du traitement des produits pétroliers, par exemple, ou les pertes attribuables à un manque d'efficacité des processus thermiques et mécaniques qui interviennent dans la conversion des combustibles fossiles- charbon, pétrole et gaz naturel- en électricité.  1, record 19, French, - consommation%20d%27%C3%A9nergie%20primaire

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Record 20,  Textual support,  English

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A fossil resin from the brown coal near Bonn, Germany;...  1, record 20, English, - siegburgite

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

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Résine fossile.  1, record 20, French, - siegburgite

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Record 21,  Textual support,  English

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A fossil resin resembling amber and found in small yellowish grains disseminated in brown coal.  2, record 21, English, - krantzite

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

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Résine fossile.  2, record 21, French, - krantzite

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Record 22,  Textual support,  English

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The burning of biomass blended with fossil fuel such as pelleted or briquetted sawdust with coal, which may have advantages of burning with a hotter flame, diluting of pollutants(sulfur) in coal, and providing a more complete combustion of biomass.  2, record 22, English, - co%2Dconversion

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... a genus of fossil seed ferns found in the coal measures of the Carboniferous that have pinnatifid fronds with indistinct midribs and veins not forming a network.  1, record 23, English, - Odontopteris

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Genre de neuroptéridée.  2, record 23, French, - odontopteris

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Record 24,  Textual support,  English

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The recoverable fossil fuel reserves(coal, gas, crude oils, oil shale, and tar sands) and biomass that can be used in fuel production and consumption.  1, record 24, English, - carbon%20resources

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This definition is very general and rather confusing : there is defined limits separating the meaning of the technical terms : reserve, resource, exploitable resource, potentially exploitable resource, etc. (see Energy terminology - A Multi-lingual Glossary, WEC-2 1983, for more specific definitions).  2, record 24, English, - carbon%20resources

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Réserves de carbone fossile (charbon, gaz, etc.) et non fossile (liziers, déchets, etc.) qui peut être récupérées.  1, record 24, French, - ressources%20en%20carbone

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Des normes très précises permettent de distinguer les ressources des réserves. Les réserves sont connues et valent la peine d'être exploitées sur leur site dans des conditions déterminées au moment de l'évaluation de leur utilité; les ressources quant à elles comprennent d'abord les réserves mais aussi la quantité de matière qui après estimation pourrait devenir valable dans un avenir prévisible. Pour les normalisateurs, l'exploitabilité ne constitue pas un facteur au moment de dresser l'inventaire des ressources.  1, record 24, French, - ressources%20en%20carbone

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Record 25,  Textual support,  English

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Most of the mineral matter in fossil fuels such as coal or lignite is converted during combustion to a fused, glassy bottom ash which presents no air pollution problems. Smaller ash particles called fly ash enter furnace flues and, in a properly equipped stack system, are collected efficiently. However, some of the fly ash particles escape through the stack and enter the atmosphere. Unfortunately, these tend to be the smaller particles which do the most damage to human health, plants, and visibility.  1, record 25, English, - ash%20particle

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ces noyaux de condensation comprennent d'une part des "noyaux neutres" - poussières d'origines diverses, cendres volcaniques, débris végétaux (pollens), petites particules hygroscopiques de sel marin [...] - qui sont surtout abondants dans les deux ou trois premiers kilomètres de l'atmosphère, et d'autre part des particules électrisées, les ions, présents partout.  1, record 25, French, - poussi%C3%A8re%20de%20cendre

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Poussière" bien qu'il soit généralement synonyme de "particule" pour désigner tous les éléments, de la grosseur d'une molécule aux agrégats sédimentables, peut prendre un sens spécifique : particule solide de taille supérieure à un micron.  2, record 25, French, - poussi%C3%A8re%20de%20cendre

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The water cooled cyclonic burner fired with crushed coal on oil may be adapted to firing hog [fuel] in combination with fossil fuels. The all refractory cyclonic burner limited to firing dry pulverized wood waste has been wed as the heat source for dry kilns and rotary dryers but has yet to be demonstrated firing directly into a boiler.  1, record 26, English, - cyclonic%20burner

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des brûleurs cyclones [pour la paille] simples et compacts, inspirés du gazogène en suspension, (...) sont en cours de développement.  1, record 26, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20cyclone

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

a genus of fossil forms abundant in the coal measures and distinguished by their reticulate venation.  1, record 27, English, - limopteris

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Genre de neuroptéridées à nervures latérales anastomosées.  1, record 27, French, - limopteris

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A fossil tree of the genus Lepidodendron, occurring in the coal formations; so named from the scaly appearance of the stem, produced by the separation of the leaf stalks.  1, record 28, English, - lepidodendron

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lycopode fossile, caractérisé par la forme rhomboïdale, allongée dans le sens vertical, des coussinets foliaires, très rapprochés les uns des autres. (Type de la famille des lépidodendracées).  1, record 28, French, - l%C3%A9pidodendron

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish