TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Base and superstructure are two linked theoretical concepts developed by Karl Marx, one of sociology's founders. Base refers to the production forces, or the materials and resources, that generate the goods society needs.... Marxian theory of history largely speaks about how the economy offers a foundation to social life. He considers that economy is defined by modes of productions [that] are characterized by factors of production that include land, industry, technology, labour, and capital. The factors of production necessarily define production relations. Therefore, Marx considers that production relation is an economic relation that offers a foundation to human society.  3, record 1, English, - substructure

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The generation of people born between 1997 and 2012.  10, record 2, English, - Generation%20Z

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Génération regroupant les personnes nées entre 1997 et 2012.  4, record 2, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration%20Z

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The founders seized the opportunity to regulate the budding market in artistic bronzes : reductions or replicas of existing sculptures and models created specifically by sculptor-modellers.  1, record 3, English, - sculptor%2Dmodeller

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An Islamic religious movement that calls for a return to the tradition of the founders of Islam.  2, record 4, English, - Salafism

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mouvement religieux de l'islam sunnite, revendiquant un retour à l'islam des origines.  2, record 4, French, - salafisme

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le salafisme puise sa racine dans le mot arabe salaf, qui veut littéralement dire «les prédécesseurs».  3, record 4, French, - salafisme

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

With its emphasis on experience rather than philosophy, it provides a focus where people of different religious and political persuasions can meet without compromising their own beliefs, and be part of a global network committed to working for change in the world.  1, record 5, English, - Initiatives%20of%20Change

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In the 1920s [the founder's work] became known as the Oxford Group and in 1938 was named Moral Re-Armament. It changed its name to Initiatives of Change in 2001.  1, record 5, English, - Initiatives%20of%20Change

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans les années 1920 [le travail du fondateur] est devenu connu sous le nom de Groupe d'Oxford [puis en] 1938 sous le nom de Réarmement Moral et enfin sous le nom d'Initiatives et Changement depuis 2001.  1, record 5, French, - Initiatives%20et%20Changement

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because innovations tend to be produced by outsiders and founders in startups, rather than existing organizations, the central idea behind open innovation is that, in a world of widely distributed knowledge, companies cannot afford to rely entirely on their own research, but should instead buy or license processes or inventions(i. e. patents) from other companies.  2, record 6, English, - open%20innovation

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus d'innovation mis en place par une organisation, qui fait appel à divers partenaires extérieurs, en recourant notamment à des pratiques participatives et à l'ouverture des données.  2, record 6, French, - innovation%20ouverte

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

innovation ouverte : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 7 décembre 2018.  3, record 6, French, - innovation%20ouverte

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La innovación abierta es un término [...] con el que se propone una nueva estrategia de innovación mediante la cual las empresas van más allá de sus límites y desarrollan la cooperación con organizaciones o profesionales externos.  1, record 6, Spanish, - innovaci%C3%B3n%20abierta

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Seed capital can be a relatively modest sum of money and might come from the founder's personal assets, friends, or family. It generally covers only the first essentials such as a business plan and initial operating expenses.  5, record 7, English, - seed%20capital

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

seed money: term and definition reproduced from the CAPITAL Business Dictionary with the permission of LID Editorial Empresarial.  6, record 7, English, - seed%20capital

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Capital d'investissement qui permet de financer la première étape de la création d'une entreprise lorsqu'il s'agit de préciser le projet d'entreprise, de mener des études et d'entreprendre les démarches préliminaires à la création.  4, record 7, French, - capital%20d%27amor%C3%A7age

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contribución inicial para empezar una nueva empresa. Puede hacerse por los propios fundadores o por inversores de capital-riesgo.  1, record 7, Spanish, - inversi%C3%B3n%20inicial

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

inversión inicial: término y definición extraídos del CAPITAL Business Dictionary con la autorización de LID Editorial Empresarial.  4, record 7, Spanish, - inversi%C3%B3n%20inicial

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Communitech's Fierce Founders Accelerator program [is] a seed funding program designed to support women-led early-stage businesses.  2, record 8, English, - Fierce%20Founders%20Accelerator

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The SOS was formed as a non-profit organization in Saskatoon in 1983, and was the province's first orchid society. Its founders were interested in the conservation of orchid species both native and non-native to Saskatchewan.  3, record 9, English, - Saskatchewan%20Orchid%20Society

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Objectives. To raise local and international awareness of native and exotic orchid habitats [and] to provide a forum for members to share knowledge and experiences with fellow orchid growers.  3, record 9, English, - Saskatchewan%20Orchid%20Society

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Philippe Pinel, one of the founders of moral treatment and the author of its name, wrote in 1809 that this form of care must be tested out by what we today would call clinical trials.  1, record 10, English, - moral%20treatment

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] c'est surtout l'œuvre médicale de quelques psychiatres européens (Pinel en France, Conolly en Angleterre [...] ) qui [...] inaugura une attitude nouvelle à l'égard des malades mentaux. Une politique de portes ouvertes, de respect individuel, de réconfort moral (le traitement moral de la folie, disait-on alors), vint s'opposer aux méthodes coercitives en usage [...]  1, record 10, French, - traitement%20moral

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

National Wildlife Week is a program of the Canadian Wildlife Federation to celebrate our country's natural heritage and play an important role in its conservation. Proclaimed by Parliament in 1947, National Wildlife Week falls every year during the week of April 10-the birthdate of the late Jack Miner, one of the founders of Canada's conservation movement.  1, record 11, English, - National%20Wildlife%20Week

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Semaine nationale de la conservation de la faune est un programme de la Fédération canadienne de la faune. [...] cet événement offre une occasion de rendre hommage à notre patrimoine naturel et de jouer un rôle actif dans sa préservation. Instituée en 1947 par une loi du Parlement, la Semaine nationale de la conservation de la faune a lieu, chaque année, vers le 10 avril, date de l'anniversaire de naissance de Jack Miner, un des fondateurs du mouvement de conservation au Canada.  1, record 11, French, - Semaine%20nationale%20de%20la%20faune

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS

La semaine a été instituée par la Loi sur la semaine de la protection de la faune, mais les titres relevés sur le site Web de la Fédération canadienne de la faune sont «Semaine nationale de la faune» et «Semaine nationale de la conservation de la faune».  6, record 11, French, - Semaine%20nationale%20de%20la%20faune

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Established in Toronto, Ontario, at York University.  2, record 12, English, - Founders%20College

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Collège Founders : appellation réservée aux documents de portée générale tels qu'un communiqué.  3, record 12, French, - Founders%20College

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Collège Founders : La plupart des noms des universités canadiennes de langue anglaise n’ont pas de traduction officielle en français. Le Bureau de la traduction recommande de les traduire, en partie ou en entier, et de mettre la majuscule au mot «université» (de même qu’aux mots «collège» et «institut»). Cet équivalent suit les règles de cette recommandation.  4, record 12, French, - Founders%20College

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Établi à Toronto, Ontario, à l'Université York.  3, record 12, French, - Founders%20College

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The concept of “blind legislation” is hardly compatible with the concept of how the legislative branch of government was to function by our Founders.  2, record 13, English, - blind%20legislation

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Des infrastructures inadaptées, la corruption et une législation aléatoire peuvent coûter jusqu’à un quart de leur chiffre d’affaires aux entreprises des pays pauvres et freinent le décollage économique indispensable à l’amélioration du niveau de vie des démunis [...]  2, record 13, French, - l%C3%A9gislation%20al%C3%A9atoire

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Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Our name has changed, but our welcome is the same. Now known as Cowichan Intercultural Society, we continue the vision of our founders to facilitate mutual respect, trust, support, and education in the culturally diverse Cowichan Region.  2, record 14, English, - Cowichan%20Intercultural%20Society

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In 1992-1993, a group of senior officials in Canadian federal departments created a collaborative forum called the Council on Administration. Their intent was to increase efficiency, improve service delivery, and cut costs by means of a series of initiatives called "Locally Shared Support Services"(LSSS). Because the member departments and agencies co-tenanted a large government office complex(Les Terrasses de la Chaudière(TLC) 1, located in Hull, within the National Capital Region) the founders of the Council saw potential for achieving these goals through the power of collective action... Since this innovative change process was launched in 1992, LSSS initiatives have led to the elimination of duplication; improved productivity and savings; sharing of innovative ideas, expertise and best practices; and development of models for use by other departments and agencies in the NRC and other regions...  3, record 15, English, - Locally%20Shared%20Support%20Services

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En 1992-1993, des cadres supérieurs de six ministères et agences fédéraux canadiens ont formé un groupe de collaborateurs appelé Conseil d'administration. Ils voulaient travailler à accroître la productivité, à améliorer la prestation des services et à réduire les coûts par une série d'initiatives dites « services d'appui partagés localement » (SAPL). Comme leurs ministères et leurs organismes respectifs partageaient la location d'un vaste ensemble de bureaux gouvernementaux [Les Terrasses de la Chaudière1 (TLC), situées à Hull, au sein de la région de la capitale nationale (RCN)], ils ont vu la possibilité d'atteindre ces objectifs par la force de l'action collective ...  3, record 15, French, - Services%20d%27appui%20partag%C3%A9s%20localement

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

IWAS is the embodiment of the amalgamation of two key International Disability Sports Federations, the International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Sports Federation(ISMWSF) and the International Sports Organisation for the Disabled(ISOD), the founders of the Summer and Winter Paralympic Games and the creators of the Paralympic movement infrastructure.  2, record 16, English, - International%20Wheelchair%20%26%20Amputee%20Sports%20Federation

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'International Stoke Mandeville Wheelchair Sports Federation (ISMWSF) et l'International Sports Organization for the Disabled (ISOD) ont fusionné en novembre 2004 pour devenir l'International Wheelchair and Amputee Sports Federation (IWAS).  2, record 16, French, - International%20Wheelchair%20%26%20Amputee%20Sports%20Federation

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Pittsburgh steelmaker Andrew Carnegie had long held the idea that ordinary citizens who perform extraordinary acts of heroism should be recognized for their deeds. The Carnegie Hero Fund Commission carries out the founder's wishes by awarding the Carnegie Medal throughout the United States and Canada.  1, record 17, English, - Carnegie%20Hero%20Fund%20Commission

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

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Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

French for the Future was conceived by John Ralston Saul and Toronto journalist Lisa Balfour Bowen after the conclusion of the Quebec referendum in 1995. The original goal of the founders was to demonstrate a commitment to bilingualism and French language education through programmes which provide information and encouragement to Canadian youth, while celebrating French language and culture.  1, record 18, English, - French%20for%20the%20Future

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le français pour l'avenir/French for the Future a été fondé par Son Excellence John Ralston Saul et la journaliste de Toronto Lisa Balfour Bowen, à l'issue du référendum du Québec en 1995. L'objectif initial de ses fondateurs consistait à manifester un attachement au bilinguisme et à l'éducation en langue française par des programmes qui informeraient et encourageraient les jeunes Canadiens, tout en rendant hommage à la langue et à la culture françaises.  1, record 18, French, - Le%20fran%C3%A7ais%20pour%20l%27avenir

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A magnetic storage product [that offers] built-in protection from disk crashes, [has] the capacity of a hard drive, the portability of a floppy disk, and [offers] the ability to add unlimited capacity by utilizing more Bernoulli disks, and the ability to transport large files and store them away from the computer for security.  2, record 19, English, - Bernoulli%20drive

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Named after the eighteenth-century physicist Daniel Bernoulli and developed by the Iomega Corporation in the 1980s, the Bernoulli drive was first marketed as the "Bernoulli Box" and then as the "Bernoulli."  3, record 19, English, - Bernoulli%20drive

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Iomega's founders employed an aerodynamic principle known as the "Bernoulli effect" to pull the [drive's] flexible disk up to [its] read-write heads, where a cushion of air protected the heads from hitting the magnetic storage platter.  2, record 19, English, - Bernoulli%20drive

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le lecteur Bernoulli prend son nom du physicien Daniel Bernoulli du dix-huitième siècle. Il a été développé dans les années 1980 par Iomega Corporation qui le commercialise sous le nom de «Bernoulli Box» (littéralement, boîte de Bernoulli).  2, record 19, French, - lecteur%20Bernoulli

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The National Association of Women in Construction(NAWIC) originally began as Women in Construction of Fort Worth, Texas. It was founded in 1953 by 16 women working in the construction industry. Knowing that women represented only a small fraction of the construction industry, the founders organized NAWIC to create a support network. Women in Construction of Fort Worth was so successful that it gained its national charter in 1955 and became the National Association of Women in Construction. NAWIC' s core purpose is to enhance the success of women in the construction industry.  1, record 20, English, - National%20Association%20of%20Women%20in%20Construction

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Alliance Quebec(AQ) was a group formed in 1982 to lobby on behalf of speakers of the English language in the province of Quebec, Canada. It began as an umbrella group of most English-speaking organizations and institutions in the province, with approximately 15, 000 members. At its height in the late 1980s, the group registered 40, 000 members and had a network of affiliated anglophone groups throughout the province. With many of its founders being active in the Liberal Party of Quebec, AQ's ideology reflected that party's policies of compromise between linguistic groups combined with provincial government promotion of the French language in the province's public and economic spheres.  1, record 21, English, - Alliance%20Quebec

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Alliance Québec (AQ) était un groupe formé en 1982 pour défendre les droits des anglophones de la province de Québec. D'abord un regroupement d'associations de langue anglaise, il avait environ 15 000 membres à ses meilleurs jours. L'enthousiasme initial qui nourrissait le mouvement s'est estompé lorsque l'intérêt du public canadien pour les causes linguistiques a diminué. Les poursuites menées par l'AQ et le militantisme de ses chefs (surtout l'auteur William Johnson) ont mis l'association en opposition avec les nationalistes québécois.  1, record 21, French, - Alliance%20Qu%C3%A9bec

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Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

This award is given by the tournament's organizing committee, in cooperation with the City of Richmond. It was created in honour of René Thibault, one of the tournament's founders and a great volunteer in the community of Richmond, who passed away in 1994. Parliament of Canada, 38th Parliament, 1st Session,(October 4, 2004-November 29, 2005), Edited Hansard • Number 060, Friday, February 18, 2005.  2, record 22, English, - Prix%20d%26rsquo%3BExcellence%20Ren%C3%A9%20Thibault

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Instauré en 1995 par le comité organisateur du tournoi national atome Mousquiri et la Ville de Richmond, le "Prix d'Excellence René Thibault" créé en l'honneur de l'un des grands bâtisseurs du tournoi et un grand bénévole au sein de la communauté, Me René Thibault, décédé au printemps 1994. Ce prix tient à souligner les réalisations, les succès, l'implication bénévole, bref l'excellence des hommes et des femmes de notre région qui se distinguent dans différents secteurs d'activités (sport, affaires, culture, arts, mode, bénévolat et autres ).  1, record 22, French, - Prix%20d%27Excellence%20Ren%C3%A9%20Thibault

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On June 15, Kingstonians will gather together with family and friends in their city to celebrate First Capital Day. On that day in Kingston in 1841, Governor General Lord Sydenham opened the first Parliament of the United Provinces of Canada. Evantually, Kingston's insufficient number of office buildings forced Parliament to move to Montreal, where it opened on November 28, 1844. Over 160 years later, both the provincial and the federal governments have officially recognized Kingston as the First Capital of Canada. Thanks to the hard work of Mr. Ian Milne and Dr. Margaret Angus, the founders of First Capital Day, the occasion of Kingston's choice as Canada's first capital has been marked with much celebration for the past five years.  1, record 23, English, - First%20Capital%20Day

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le 15 juin, les habitants de Kingston se réuniront, en famille et entre amis, pour célébrer la Journée de la première capitale. Le 15 juin 1841, le gouverneur général, lord Sydenham, inaugurait, à Kingston, la première législature du nouveau parlement des provinces unies du Canada. Plus tard, l'insuffisance d'immeubles de bureaux forçait le Parlement à s'installer à Montréal, où la législature ouvrait le 28 novembre 1844. Plus de 160 ans plus tard, les gouvernements fédéral et provincial ont désigné Kingston comme première capitale du Canada. Grâce au travail acharné de M. Ian Milne et de Mme Margaret Angus, les instigateurs de la Journée de la première capitale, depuis cinq ans, on célèbre avec beaucoup d'enthousiasme le choix de Kingston comme première capitale du Canada.  1, record 23, French, - Journ%C3%A9e%20de%20la%20premi%C3%A8re%20capitale

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The North American Institute(NAMI) was founded in 1988 to deepen understanding and to promote new approaches to North American issues. An unique trinational organization, NAMI's spirit derives from the vision of founders Maurice Strong, Bruce Babbitt and Jesus Silva Herzog, and developed by Susan Herter, John Wirth and Senator Jack Austin of Canada.  1, record 24, English, - North%20American%20Institute

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Shares subscribed by the original owners of a business.  3, record 25, English, - founders%26rsquo%3B%20shares

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Founders’ stock(shares) "and "promoters’ stock(shares) "are defined in the same way, except reference is made to "founders’ stock" being used primarily in English finance and "promoters’ stock" being American usage.  4, record 25, English, - founders%26rsquo%3B%20shares

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Bien que le terme «parts bénéficiaires» soit donné comme synonyme de «parts de fondateur» dans la plupart des sources consultées, celui-ci n'est qu'un type de parts bénéficiaires.  3, record 25, French, - actions%20de%20fondateur

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Closed Joint Stock Company is a corporate entity formed on the basis of a constitutive contract between the founders and a charter document establishing the structure of the enterprise, management, finances, etc. Closed Joint Stock Companies may have a single founder/participant. Three management bodies are provided for : the Stockholders’ Meeting, the Board of Directors(normally not necessary if there are 50 or less participants) and the Executive Board... The liability of participants is limited to their capital contribution. Participants in a Closed Joint Stock Company may not freely alienate their shares in the enterprise and have preferential rights to purchase other participants’ shares.  1, record 26, English, - closed%20joint%20stock%20company

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La société par actions de type fermé est une personne morale formée sur la base d'un contrat de constitution entre les fondateurs et les statuts constitutifs qui établissent l'organisation de l'entreprise quant à l'élection des administrateurs, au type de financement, etc. Cette forme d'entreprise peut n'avoir qu'un seul fondateur ou actionnaire. Trois organes d'administration sont prévus : l'assemblée des actionnaires, le conseil d'administration (qui n'est généralement pas nécessaire s'il y a 50 actionnaires ou moins) et le conseil exécutif. [...] La responsabilité des participants est limitée à leur mise de fonds. Les participants d'une société par actions de type fermé n'ont pas le droit de se départir librement de leurs actions dans la société et ont un droit de premier achat sur les actions des autres participants.  1, record 26, French, - soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20par%20actions%20de%20type%20ferm%C3%A9

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[The Open Joint Stock Company] is a corporate entity formed on the basis of a constitutive contract between the founders and a charter document establishing the structure of the enterprise, management, finances, etc. Open Joint Stock Companies may have a single founder/participant. Three management bodies are provided for : the Stockholders’ Meeting, the Board of Directors(normally not necessary if there are 50 or less participants) and the Executive Board... The liability of participants is limited to their capital contribution... The Open Joint Stock Company is similar to the closed type joint stock company with the key difference that shares may be freely alienated without the consent of other shareholders.  1, record 27, English, - open%20joint%20stock%20company

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[La société par actions de type ouvert] est une personne morale formée sur la base d'un contrat de constitution entre les fondateurs et les statuts constitutifs qui établissent l'organisation de l'entreprise quant à l'élection des administrateurs, au type de financement, etc. Cette forme d'entreprise peut n'avoir qu'un seul fondateur ou actionnaire. Trois organes d'administration sont prévus : l'assemblée des actionnaires, le conseil d'administration (qui n'est généralement pas nécessaire s'il y a 50 actionnaires ou moins) et le conseil exécutif. [...] La responsabilité des participants est limitée à leur mise de fonds. [...] La société par actions de type ouvert ressemble à la [société par actions de type fermé] si ce n'est que les actions peuvent être vendues librement sans le consentement des autres actionnaires, ce qui représente une différence majeure.  1, record 27, French, - soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20par%20actions%20de%20type%20ouvert

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sand used in foundries to make molds for the casting of metal shapes.  6, record 28, English, - casting%20sand

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chromite ... may be ... used in its natural state for refractories, foundry sands, glass pigments, or the manufacture of chemicals.  7, record 28, English, - casting%20sand

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sables de moulage. Matériaux utilisés en fonderie pour la confection des empreintes devant recevoir le métal liquide et lui donner la forme désirée. Ils se composent essentiellement d'un support et d'un agglutinant. Le support est de la silice en grains généralement ronds, et l'agglutinant une argile suivant le type de sable envisagé.  2, record 28, French, - sable%20de%20fonderie

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La chromite [...] peut [...] être utilisée dans son état naturel comme réfractaire, matériaux siliceux de fonderie et pigments pour le verre, ou encore servir à la fabrication de produits chimiques.  3, record 28, French, - sable%20de%20fonderie

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Lamellar aggregate of ferrite and cementite in the microstructure of cast iron and steel. (Gould, Dudley C., Metalcasting Dictionary, Illinois, American Foundrymen’s Society, Inc., 1977, p. 128)  1, record 29, English, - pearlite

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When a polished and etched sample of iron is viewed at low magnification, it can have a mother-of-pearl like appearance. This description has been contracted into the term, pearlite, as the name for the common constituent in iron and steel that has this appearance.(Gary and Ductile, Iron Castings Handbook, Cleveland, Iron Founder's Society, Inc., 1971, p. 102)  1, record 29, English, - pearlite

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Constituant micrographique des alliages fer-carbone, résolu à grossissement élevé sous forme de lamelles alternées et parallèles plus ou moins fines de ferrite sombre et de cémentite claire.  2, record 29, French, - perlite

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La perlite [...] qui est une succession de couches très minces de ferrite et de cémentite; elle contient 0.87% de carbone et c'est l'eutectique fer-carbone.  3, record 29, French, - perlite

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Sun Foundation : Alliance for Air, Water and Environment was established on 8 December 1993 in Geneva with 14 founders and 14 donors, to facilitate the co-operation among private and public sectors, governmental and non-governmental mobilize private and non-governmental support for environmental programmes to improve air and water resources.  1, record 30, English, - New%20Sun%20Foundation

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

"brass chill": A disease affecting brassfounders: particles of sublimed zinc oxide are inhaled and destroy cells in the pulmonary alveoli.  11, record 31, English, - brass%20chill

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 2 DEF

"brass-founders’ ague" : a disease of brass-founders, caused by inhalation of zinc fumes.  4, record 31, English, - brass%20chill

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 3 DEF

"brassfounder’s fever": metal fume fever caused by fumes of any of several metals, most commonly zinc, copper, or magnesium.  4, record 31, English, - brass%20chill

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Compare with the record for the generic term "metal fume fever" that many authors confuse with "brass chill".  10, record 31, English, - brass%20chill

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Fièvre des fondeurs" (et son synonyme moins fréquent "maladie des fondeurs") est la seule expression que l'on retrouve dans les ouvrages spécialisés unilingues. C'est une expression générique qui correspond en fait à "metal fume fever", mais comme elle désigne une affection observée chez les fondeurs de laiton, elle peut servir à rendre la notion qui nous occupe sur cette fiche.  2, record 31, French, - maladie%20des%20fondeurs%20de%20laiton

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Arms of Community, those borne by cities, towns, abbeys, universities, colleges, guilds, mercantile companies, etc. The arms of abbeys and colleges are generally those of their founders, to which the abbeys usually added some charge of an ecclesiastical character, as a crosier, mitre, or key. Such arms, as well as those borne by Sovereigns, are more properly termed Insignia.  2, record 33, English, - arms%20of%20community

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A treelike pattern composed of many branches formed [in solidified metal] during cooling. (Gould, Dudley C., Metalcasting Dictionary, Illinois, American Foundrymen’s Society, Inc., 1977, p. 58)  2, record 35, English, - dendrite

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This structure has a surprisingly high tensile strength because of the interlaced dendrites, and is readily machined to an excellent finish.(Gray and Ductile, Iron Castings Handbook, Cleveland, Iron Founder's Society, Inc., 1971, p. 120)  2, record 35, English, - dendrite

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Assemblage cristallin possédant de nombreuses branches et une forme arborescente. Prennent naissance dans un métal liquide en cours de solidification ou de cristallisation.  2, record 35, French, - dendrite

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Par la suite de la solidification lente des pièces d'acier dans les moules, il se forme dans les parties massives des cristaux en forme d'aiguilles de sapin appelées dendrites.  3, record 35, French, - dendrite

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Formed in 1986 as a committee of founders in the Winter Cities Movement and a committee of a future Winter Cities Foundation based in Edmonton.  1, record 38, English, - International%20Winter%20Cities%20Committee

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

a list composed at the beginning of the XIV c. including 3 pagan ones : Hector, Alexander, Caesar; 3 biblical ones : Joshua, David, Judas Maccabaeus; and 3 Christian ones : Arthur, Charlemagne, Godfrey of Bouillon. They are considered the founders of chivalry  1, record 39, English, - Doughty%20Warriors

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

the sizes of type cast by type founders are graduated on a uniform scale known as the--. The unit of the system is a division of space called a point(. 0138 of an inch)  1, record 40, English, - point%20system

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

--désigne le système moderne de mesure des caractères et espaces employé dans le Commonwealth britannique et aux États-Unis.  1, record 40, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20du%20point%20typographique

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

the sizes of type cast by type founders are graduated on a uniform scale known as the--. The unit of the system is a division of space called a point(. 0138 of an inch)  1, record 41, English, - point%20system

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

--désigne le système moderne de mesure des caractère et espaces employé dans le Commonwealth britannique et aux États-Unis.  1, record 41, French, - mesures%20typographiques

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish