TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the ability of a material to absorb energy up to fracture.  2, record 1, English, - toughness

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Materials that can absorb a lot of energy before fracturing have high toughness.  2, record 1, English, - toughness

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] la capacité d'un matériau à absorber de l'énergie avant sa rupture.  2, record 1, French, - t%C3%A9nacit%C3%A9

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Propiedad de un material que le permite absorber energía, generalmente con pérdida de fragilización y relativamente alta elongación a la ruptura.  1, record 1, Spanish, - tenacidad

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La tenacidad frecuentemente se evalúa como la energía requerida para romper un material, proporcional al área bajo la curva de esfuerzo-deformación.  1, record 1, Spanish, - tenacidad

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Fracture characterized by tearing of metal accompanied by appreciable gross plastic deformation and expenditure of considerable energy.  6, record 2, English, - ductile%20fracture

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Following trials on several AHSS [advanced high-strength steels] grades, tensile shear results showed excellent weld integrity with ductile failures occurring outside of the weld area.  2, record 2, English, - ductile%20fracture

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rupture associée à une forte déformation plastique, c'est-à-dire avec une absorption importante d'énergie mécanique.  3, record 2, French, - rupture%20ductile

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Rupture associée à une forte déformation plastique, c'est-à-dire avec une absorption importante d'énergie mécanique. L'aspect de la fracture est terne et fibreux, caractéristique d'une rupture intragranulaire par cisaillement.  3, record 2, French, - rupture%20ductile

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Analyse fractale, fractographie d'une rupture ductile.  4, record 2, French, - rupture%20ductile

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The amount of energy required to fracture a material, usually measured by means of an Izod or Charpy test.  1, record 3, English, - impact%20strength

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Not to be confused with "impact resistance."  3, record 3, English, - impact%20strength

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The type of specimen and testing conditions affect the values and therefore should be specified.  1, record 3, English, - impact%20strength

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantité d'énergie nécessaire pour provoquer la rupture d'une pièce.  1, record 3, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20de%20rupture

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On la mesure au cours d'un essai Izod ou d'un essai Charpy.  1, record 3, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20de%20rupture

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Energía absorbida en el rompimiento de un espécimen, bajo una carga de choque, referida a la sección transversal de un espécimen.  1, record 3, Spanish, - resistencia%20al%20impacto

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En los ensayos de impacto Charpy (ISO 179) e Izod (ISO 180).  1, record 3, Spanish, - resistencia%20al%20impacto

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The physical separation of the slab from the bed surface and surrounding snow during the initiation of a slab avalanche.  2, record 4, English, - fracture

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... "failure" [is] when the snow begins to progressively loose strength. [Snow can fail without fracturing. Fracture is when a snow layer] snaps right off... Failure is thought, by some, to precede fracture--perhaps over the course of minutes to hours. But others believe that fracture doesn’t always require a preceding failure. There's a lot of evidence that they can both occur at the same time. When we add a rapid change to the snowpack, just like silly putty, it introduces stored elastic energy into the system making it capable of propagating a fracture.... Failure occurs slowly at perhaps centimeters per hour and fracture occurs catastrophically and has been measured at around 20 meters per second.  2, record 4, English, - fracture

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Fractures within the shallow weak areas can still propagate into wind loaded slopes nearby. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.]  3, record 4, English, - fracture

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fracture: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.  4, record 4, English, - fracture

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les ruptures qui se produisent dans les secteurs où le manteau neigeux est peu profond et mal consolidé peuvent se propager aux pentes voisines, surchargées par le vent. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.]  1, record 4, French, - rupture

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rupture; cassure; fracture : termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.  2, record 4, French, - rupture

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The load required to fracture a specimen with a crack of known length in it.  1, record 5, English, - fracture%20load

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The fracture [surface] energy for the initiation of crack movement... is calculated from the load required to fracture a specimen with a crack of known length in it....  2, record 5, English, - fracture%20load

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le développement espéré des céramiques thermomécaniques met l'accent sur la nécessaire amélioration [...] du comportement en rupture fragile. L'équation de base est [...] celle qui relie la charge à la rupture [...] d'une pièce donnée [...] à la ténacité du matériau [...] et à la sévérité du défaut qui amorce la rupture [...]  2, record 5, French, - charge%20de%20rupture

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ability to resist shock or impact and to absorb energy before fracture.  1, record 6, English, - toughness

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aptitude à subir la percussion d'un élément dur sans éclats ni cassures.  1, record 6, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20aux%20chocs

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un des essais normalisés, en particulier pour les carrelages et le revêtements de sols, consiste à faire tomber de un mètre de haut une bille d'acier, et à mesurer le diamètre de l'éclat au point d'impact.  1, record 6, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20aux%20chocs

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[An] earthquake resulting from the release of strain by deformation of the earth.  2, record 7, English, - tectonic%20earthquake

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Tectonic earthquakes will occur anywhere within the earth where there is sufficient stored elastic strain energy to drive fracture propagation along a fault plane.  3, record 7, English, - tectonic%20earthquake

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La classe [de séismes] tectonique comprend tous les tremblements de terre résultant de la déformation des roches, telle que celle engendrée dans l'orogenèse. Le rebondissement élastique est le principal phénomène de cette classe.  2, record 7, French, - s%C3%A9isme%20tectonique

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Seismo provocado por la actividad tectónica.  1, record 7, Spanish, - se%C3%ADsmo%20tect%C3%B3nico

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the energy absorbed during the fracture of a material and... taken as the area under the entire engineering stress-strain curve.  1, record 8, English, - static%20toughness

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ductile materials are normally tougher than brittle ones.  1, record 8, English, - static%20toughness

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les caractéristiques de ténacité statique des aciers faiblement alliés pour cuve de réacteur nucléaire, exprimées en terme de KIc, sont données dans l'annexe ZG du RCC-M et sont notamment utilisées pour l'analyse du risque de rupture brutale de la cuve lors de situations accidentelles.  2, record 8, French, - t%C3%A9nacit%C3%A9%20statique

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The current trend [in toughness assessment of modern steels] is to use larger full-thickness specimens that can be made to fracture in a drop-weight test, and to instrument the test machine so that quantitative measures of toughness such as absorbed energy or crack-tip opening angle(CTOA) can be measured.  1, record 9, English, - crack%2Dtip%20opening%20angle

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... efforts are now being devoted to micro-mechanical modelling of the fracture process to predict the load at which fracture will occur and the geometry (CTOA) of the propagating crack.  1, record 9, English, - crack%2Dtip%20opening%20angle

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] on installe sur la machine d'essai [de rupture par chute d'un poids] des instruments permettant d'obtenir des mesures quantitatives de la résilience, par exemple, l'énergie absorbée ou l'angle d'ouverture de l'extrémité de la fissure (AOEF).  1, record 9, French, - angle%20d%27ouverture%20de%20l%27extr%C3%A9mit%C3%A9%20de%20la%20fissure

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les travaux portent [...] sur la modélisation micromécanique du processus de rupture afin de prévoir la charge qui causera la rupture ainsi que la géométrie (AOEF) de la fissure qui se formera.  1, record 9, French, - angle%20d%27ouverture%20de%20l%27extr%C3%A9mit%C3%A9%20de%20la%20fissure

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Determination of the degree of resistance of a material to breaking by impact, under bending, tension, and torsion loads.  5, record 10, English, - impact%20test

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Impact test. ... The quantity measured is the energy absorbed in breaking the specimen by a single blow, as in the Charpy or Izod tests.  6, record 10, English, - impact%20test

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Impact tests.... The Charpy test and the Izod test each employ a pendulum, and the energy absorbed in fracture is obtained from the height to which the pendulum rises.  7, record 10, English, - impact%20test

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Essai utilisé pour étudier la résilience d'un matériau.  5, record 10, French, - essai%20de%20choc

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un essai de résilience a pour but de déterminer la ténacité d'un métal [ou autre matériau], c'est-à-dire sa résistance au choc. Celle-ci est mesurée par l'énergie nécessaire pour provoquer la rupture d'un échantillon. On appelle cette énergie de rupture la résilience.  6, record 10, French, - essai%20de%20choc

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'essai de résilience est généralement effectué avec le mouton-pendule de Charpy, constitué par une masse de poids déterminé, mobile autour d'un axe fixe; la barre à tester est calée horizontalement aux pieds de l'appareil, de sorte que la masse puisse la casser en tombant d'une certaine hauteur.  7, record 10, French, - essai%20de%20choc

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The energy for complete fracture in double edge-notched tension test specimens has been measured for a wide range of polymer films. Results indicated that the variation of the total specific work of fracture, wT, with ligament length, L, can be described by two straight lines, both of the form wT=we+β wpl, thus giving upper and lower intercept values at zero ligament length(i. e. we) for each film. The first term, we, is the energy absorbed per unit area of fracture, whereas the second term, wp, is the energy absorbed per unit volume of plastic deformation remote from the fracture surface. The lower we value was obtained from the extrapolation of the data within the mixed mode region(plane-stress/plane-strain) where the maximum net-section stress exceeded 1. 15 times that of the tensile yield stress, σy, of the material, and the upper value was ascertained by extrapolating the data within the plane stress region where the net-section stress was 1. 15 σy. It appears that the transition from plane stress to plane strain mode of fracture in thin films occurs at a ligament length much greater than 5B, where B is the specimen thickness.  1, record 11, English, - stress%20region

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Therapeutic touch... is based on the belief that there is an energy field radiating outward almost five centimetres from the body. The flow of energy can be fast, slow, congested, pulsating, pounding, quiet or tangled. An experienced practitioner can feel and access [this] energy and... use rhythmic hand strokes above the skin's surface to smooth the energy field to a rhythm of harmony. Therapeutic touch is being used in delivery rooms, palliative care units and AIDS hospices. The College of Nurses of Ontario has recognized it as a healing strategy. [It is] not a cure and is only used as a complement to traditional medical treatment.... X-rays have shown that the callus tissue that forms around a bone fracture during the healing process is evident in two-and-a-half weeks rather than the usual six when therapeutic touch accompanies traditional treatment.  2, record 12, English, - therapeutic%20touch

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The same does not hold for the fracture toughness, or critical stress intensity factor.  2, record 13, English, - critical%20stress%20intensity%20factor

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... considerable scientific work has been aimed at measuring fracture energy... or work of fracture and their related parameter, the critical stress intensity factor Kic....  3, record 13, English, - critical%20stress%20intensity%20factor

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Essais basés sur la mécanique de la rupture. (...) Le critère couramment utilisé est le facteur critique d'intensité des contraintes, défini comme suit : les contraintes élastiques autour de l'extrémité d'une fissure peuvent être représentés par un paramètre K appelé "facteur d'intensité des contraintes, qui dépend de la géométrie de la pièce, de la taille et de la géométrie du défaut, ainsi que de la distribution des tensions. (...) La rupture se produit pour une valeur critique de K; appelée Kic, [valeur qui] caractérise quantitativement la résistance du matériau à la propagation brutale d'une fissure (...)  2, record 13, French, - facteur%20critique%20d%27intensit%C3%A9%20de%20contrainte

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Énergie dépensée au voisinage du front de fissure au cours d'une rupture contrôlée, et rapportée à l'unité d'aire des surfaces nouvellement créées.  1, record 14, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20sp%C3%A9cifique%20de%20rupture

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... strength [in ceramic materials] is closely related to the fracture surface energy or to the critical stress intensity factor. These... properties have had considerable scientific effort devoted to them in recent years, which has paralleled the development of fracture mechanics for metals and alloys.  1, record 15, English, - fracture%20mechanics

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Partie de la science des matériaux portant principalement sur les problèmes posés par le comportement dit fragile de métaux tels que les aciers de construction.  1, record 15, French, - m%C3%A9canique%20de%20la%20rupture

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... the energy in Jm^-2 required to create unit new fracture surface by the propagation of a crack.  2, record 16, English, - fracture%20energy

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

(...) énergie nécessaire pour provoquer une augmentation unitaire de surface de fracture.  3, record 16, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20superficielle

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Nous avons mesuré ce paramètre [facteur d'intensité de contraintes critique] sur trois bétons, à savoir un béton «ordinaire», un BHP sans fumée de silice, et un BTHP. Les valeurs trouvées sont respectivement de 2,16, 2,55 et 2,85 MPa m^½, alors que les énergies de rupture s'établissaient à hauteur de 131, 135 et 152 J/m² (...)  2, record 16, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20superficielle

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les valeurs d'énergie superficielle des céramiques sont de l'ordre de 10 J.m [exposant]-2 (...)  3, record 16, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20superficielle

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Énergie superficielle : apparaît à la rubrique "rupture" de la source c.  4, record 16, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20superficielle

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish