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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fraccing fluid consists mostly of water and sand but small amounts of additives are used to thicken the fluid and improve the efficiency of the process, thus reducing the need for excess water use.  10, record 1, English, - hydraulic%20fracturing%20fluid

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "fraccing" and "fracing," short for "fracturing," are pronounced "fracking."  11, record 1, English, - hydraulic%20fracturing%20fluid

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le liquide de fracturation est principalement composé d’eau (à environ 96 %), de sable (à environ 3,6 %) et d’additifs (à moins de 1 %) et est pompé à haute pression. Des additifs sont nécessaires pour améliorer la performance du liquide de fracturation.  2, record 1, French, - fluide%20de%20fracturation%20hydraulique

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The process by which multiple fractures are created along the horizontal section of the wellbore in a series of consecutive operations.  1, record 2, English, - horizontal%20multistage%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Using mechanical means or fluid pressure, each segment of the horizontal wellbore is isolated and fractured individually. Frac fluid is pumped from the surface at a predetermined and constantly monitored rate to the "toe, "the farthest isolated segment in the horizontal section. When the fracture is created, proppant-laden fluid is pumped into the fracture to keep it open. Once complete, the process is repeated for each segment in the wellbore, working back towards the "heel. "  1, record 2, English, - horizontal%20multistage%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "fraccing" and "fracing," short for "fracturing," are pronounced "fracking."  6, record 2, English, - horizontal%20multistage%20hydraulic%20fracturing

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus qui consiste à créer de multiples fractures le long du segment horizontal d'un puits de forage dans une série d'opérations consécutives.  1, record 2, French, - fracturation%20hydraulique%20horizontale%20en%20plusieurs%20%C3%A9tapes

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

During the hydraulic fracturing process, some of the fracturing fluid may leave the fracture and enter the targeted formation adjacent to the created fracture(i. e. untreated formation). This phenomenon is known as fluid leak-off. The fluid flows into the micropore or pore spaces of the formation or into existing natural fractures in the formation or into small fractures opened and propagated into the formation by the pressure in the induced fracture.  7, record 3, English, - fracture%20fluid%20leak%2Doff

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phénomène se produisant lorsque le liquide de fracturation hydraulique s'écoule de la fracture principale et s'infiltre dans une autre partie de la formation ou dans un autre réseau de fractures.  2, record 3, French, - fuite%20de%20fluide%20de%20fracturation

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If sufficiently thick and relatively unfractured shale is present, it may act as a barrier not only to fracture height growth, but also to fluid movement.  2, record 4, English, - unfractured%20shale

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Que le schiste soit de nature métamorphique (en anglais «schist») ou de nature sédimentaire et argileuse (en anglais «shale»), il s'agit quand même de schiste, et le terme «shale» reste en français un emprunt inutile.  3, record 4, French, - schiste%20non%20fractur%C3%A9

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A hydraulic fracture is formed by pumping the fracturing fluid into the wellbore at a rate sufficient to increase the pressure downhole to a value in excess of the fracture gradient of the formation rock. The pressure causes the formation to crack, allowing the fracturing fluid to enter and extend the crack farther into the formation. To keep this fracture open after the injection stops, a solid proppant, commonly a sieved round sand, is added to the fracture fluid. The propped hydraulic fracture then becomes a high permeability conduit through which the formation fluids can flow to the well.  2, record 5, English, - hydraulic%20fracture

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La fracture hydraulique se forme dans une formation rocheuse après que celle-ci ait subi une opération de fracturation hydraulique.  2, record 5, French, - fracture%20hydraulique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... horizontal drilling is usually undertaken to achieve important technical objectives related to specific characteristics of a target reservoir [such as] the reservoir rock's permeability, which is its capacity to conduct fluid flow through the interconnections of its pore spaces(termed its "matrix permeability"), or through fractures(its "fracture permeability"), and/or the expected propensity of the reservoir to develop water or gas influxes deleterious to production, either from other parts of the reservoir or from adjacent rocks, as production takes place(an event called "coning").  2, record 6, English, - fracture%20permeability

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Perméabilité secondaire artificiellement créée par les fractures provoquées dans un milieu rocheux.  1, record 6, French, - permeabilit%C3%A9%20par%20fracturation

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La fracturation est un procédé utilisé dans l'extraction du pétrole pour augmenter, en y pratiquant des fractures, la perméabilité de la couche productrice.  2, record 6, French, - permeabilit%C3%A9%20par%20fracturation

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

perméabilité par fracturation : Équivalent confirmé par Robert Bélanger, chef, Services scientifiques, Ressources naturelles Canada.  2, record 6, French, - permeabilit%C3%A9%20par%20fracturation

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... fracture pattern controls fluid flow in fractured rocks.  3, record 7, English, - fracture%20pattern

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The fluid flows into the micropore or pore spaces of the formation or into existing natural fractures in the formation or into small fractures opened and propagated into the formation by the pressure in the induced fracture.  2, record 8, English, - natural%20fracture

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le principe de la fracturation hydraulique consiste à envoyer dans le puits un mélange d’eau et de sable sous forte pression, afin de provoquer des fractures dans la roche à travers le tubage du puits, préalablement perforé sur certains segments pour assurer la communication avec la formation géologique, ou d'agrandir les fractures naturelles de la roche. Les grains de sable qui s’insèrent dans les fractures ainsi créées les empêchent de se refermer ultérieurement quand la pression se relâche.  3, record 8, French, - fracture%20naturelle

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A granular substance(as sand grains, walnut shells, or other material carried in suspension by the fracturing fluid) that serves to keep the fracture open when the fracturing fluid is withdrawn after a fracture treatment.  3, record 9, English, - proppant

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sable, céramique ou billes de résine pompés dans un trou de forage à la fin de l'étape de fracturation afin d'agrandir les fractures nouvellement créées et ainsi augmenter la perméabilité.  2, record 9, French, - agent%20de%20sout%C3%A8nement

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fracturation. [...] au fur et à mesure de l'extension de la fracture, on injecte un matériau granulaire, appelé agent de soutènement, destiné à maintenir la fracture ouverte lorsque la pression est relâchée.  3, record 9, French, - agent%20de%20sout%C3%A8nement

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Chemical leaching. It is hoped that by circulating suitable solvents through the [geothermal] system, large volumes of solubles may be removed from the fracture, thus increasing the volume of contained fluid and effectively widening the flow passages to a small but useful extent.  2, record 10, English, - chemical%20leaching

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les reportages et les articles des médias sur la contamination de puits par des fuites de réservoirs d'essence ou de solvants de nettoyage à sec et au sujet des effets du lessivage chimique de décharges ou de lieux d'élimination des déchets industriels ont suscité, chez le public, des préoccupations relatives à la qualité des eaux souterraines.  3, record 10, French, - lessivage%20chimique

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Propping agent... serves to keep fracture open when the fracturing fluid is withdrawn after a fracture treatment.  3, record 11, English, - keep%20open

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

By this technique [fracturing] the formation is "cracked" and the fissures are propped open by pumping walnut shells, glass balls or similar propping agents into the formation.  2, record 11, English, - keep%20open

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fracturation.[...] Les fissures sont maintenues ouvertes par l'introduction, en même temps que le liquide de fracturation, d'un sable ou de corps de granulométrie précise.  2, record 11, French, - maintenir%20ouverte

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Agent de soulèvement [...] utilisé lors d'une fracturation hydraulique pour maintenir ouvertes les fractures de la formation [...]  3, record 11, French, - maintenir%20ouverte

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish