TERMIUM Plus®
The Government of Canada’s terminology and linguistic data bank.
FRACTURE LINE [29 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2023-01-19
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Atmospheric, Climatic and Meteorological Phenomena
- Glaciology
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- flank
1, record 1, English, flank
correct
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
Record 1, Synonyms, English
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF
... the side of an avalanche. 2, record 1, English, - flank
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Two flanks, one on each side, are connected by the crown, or upper fracture line, which runs across the top. 2, record 1, English, - flank
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Phénomènes météorologiques, climatiques et atmosphériques
- Glaciologie
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- flanc
1, record 1, French, flanc
correct, masculine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
Record 1, Synonyms, French
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record 2 - internal organization data 2015-07-07
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Bones and Joints
- Radiography (Medicine)
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- transverse fracture
1, record 2, English, transverse%20fracture
correct
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
[A] fracture in which the fracture line is at right angles to the long axis of the bone. 1, record 2, English, - transverse%20fracture
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Os et articulations
- Radiographie (Médecine)
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- fracture transversale
1, record 2, French, fracture%20transversale
correct, feminine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
- fracture transverse 2, record 2, French, fracture%20transverse
correct, feminine noun
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Fracture perpendiculaire à l'axe longitudinal de l'os lésé. 2, record 2, French, - fracture%20transversale
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record 3 - internal organization data 2013-06-06
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Woodworking
- Glues and Adhesives (Industries)
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- wood failure
1, record 3, English, wood%20failure
correct
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Failure : In bonded products, either separation occurring wholly within the glue line,(cohesion failure) or between it and the adherend(adhesion failure) or else fracture in the wood near the glue line(adherend failure...), all generally expressed as a % of the total glue-line area examined. 1, record 3, English, - wood%20failure
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Travail du bois
- Colles et adhésifs (Industries)
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- rupture dans le bois
1, record 3, French, rupture%20dans%20le%20bois
feminine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Trabajo de la madera
- Pegamentos y adhesivos (Industrias)
Record 3, Main entry term, Spanish
- falla de la madera
1, record 3, Spanish, falla%20de%20la%20madera
correct, feminine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 3, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Ruptura de fibras de madera en ensayos de resistencia, en especímenes unidos, expresada usualmente como el porcentaje del área total involucrada que presenta esta falla. 1, record 3, Spanish, - falla%20de%20la%20madera
Record 4 - internal organization data 2012-07-03
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- Atmospheric, Climatic and Meteorological Phenomena
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- slab avalanche
1, record 4, English, slab%20avalanche
correct, officially approved
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
Record 4, Synonyms, English
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Avalanches release from snow slopes in two distinct ways. A point release or loose snow avalanche starts when a small amount of loose snow... slips and begins to slide down a slope, setting additional snow in motion. Alternatively, a slab avalanche occurs when a plate or slab of cohesive snow begins to slide as a unit before breaking-up. Following a slab avalanche, a distinct fracture line or crown fracture is visible at the top of the slide. 2, record 4, English, - slab%20avalanche
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT
A large slab avalanche was observed across the valley yesterday. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.] 3, record 4, English, - slab%20avalanche
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS
slab avalanche: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee. 4, record 4, English, - slab%20avalanche
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Phénomènes météorologiques, climatiques et atmosphériques
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- avalanche de plaque
1, record 4, French, avalanche%20de%20plaque
correct, feminine noun, officially approved
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
Record 4, Synonyms, French
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Le type de départ permet la distinction entre avalanche de plaque et avalanche à départ ponctuel. L'avalanche de plaque, principal souci des personnes pratiquant des activités de loisirs en montagne enneigée [...] est caractérisée par une cassure linéaire fracturant le manteau neigeux. La neige ainsi mise en mouvement peut être dure (plaque dure) ou «poudreuse» (plaque friable). Les plaques sont, en majorité, déclenchées accidentellement lors du passage de personnes. Elles peuvent être déclenchées à distance. 2, record 4, French, - avalanche%20de%20plaque
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT
On a observé une grosse avalanche de plaque, hier, dans la vallée. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.] 3, record 4, French, - avalanche%20de%20plaque
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS
avalanche de plaque : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche. 4, record 4, French, - avalanche%20de%20plaque
Record 4, Key term(s)
- avalanche de plaques
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record 5 - internal organization data 2012-03-09
Record 5, English
Record 5, Subject field(s)
- Bones and Joints
Record 5, Main entry term, English
- Malgaigne’s fracture
1, record 5, English, Malgaigne%26rsquo%3Bs%20fracture
correct
Record 5, Abbreviations, English
Record 5, Synonyms, English
Record 5, Textual support, English
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A double vertical fracture of the pelvis, with one fracture line extending anterior to the acetabulum, usually through the pubic rami, and the other posterior to the acetabulum, usually through the ilium or the sacrum. Separation of the sacroiliac joint may occur in place of the posterior fracture. 2, record 5, English, - Malgaigne%26rsquo%3Bs%20fracture
Record 5, French
Record 5, Domaine(s)
- Os et articulations
Record 5, Main entry term, French
- fracture de Malgaigne
1, record 5, French, fracture%20de%20Malgaigne
correct, feminine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, French
Record 5, Synonyms, French
Record 5, Textual support, French
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Variété de fracture double verticale du bassin associant une fracture des deux branches pubiennes en avant à une fracture de l'articulation sacro-iliaque en arrière. 1, record 5, French, - fracture%20de%20Malgaigne
Record 5, Spanish
Record 5, Textual support, Spanish
Record 6 - internal organization data 2012-03-01
Record 6, English
Record 6, Subject field(s)
- Radiography (Medicine)
- Musculoskeletal System
- Bones and Joints
Record 6, Main entry term, English
- Truemmerfeld zone
1, record 6, English, Truemmerfeld%20zone
correct
Record 6, Abbreviations, English
Record 6, Synonyms, English
- Truemmerfeld line 1, record 6, English, Truemmerfeld%20line
correct
Record 6, Textual support, English
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The line of rarefaction lying immediately adjacent to the calcified matrix at the growing ends of the long bones, which occurs in scurvy. Fracture through this zone may lead to displacement of the epiphysis. 1, record 6, English, - Truemmerfeld%20zone
Record 6, French
Record 6, Domaine(s)
- Radiographie (Médecine)
- Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
- Os et articulations
Record 6, Main entry term, French
- zone claire de Lehndorff
1, record 6, French, zone%20claire%20de%20Lehndorff
correct, feminine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, French
Record 6, Synonyms, French
- zone de Trümmerfeld 2, record 6, French, zone%20de%20Tr%C3%BCmmerfeld
correct, feminine noun
- ligne de Trümmerfeld 2, record 6, French, ligne%20de%20Tr%C3%BCmmerfeld
correct, feminine noun
- ligne scorbutique de Pelkan 2, record 6, French, ligne%20scorbutique%20de%20Pelkan
correct, feminine noun
Record 6, Textual support, French
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Ostéoporose juxtamétaphysaire se traduisant radiologiquement par une bande transversale claire au contact des cartilages d'accroissement des os longs; elle s'observe chez les nourrissons atteints d'avitaminose C. 1, record 6, French, - zone%20claire%20de%20Lehndorff
Record 6, Spanish
Record 6, Textual support, Spanish
Record 7 - internal organization data 2012-03-01
Record 7, English
Record 7, Subject field(s)
- Radiography (Medicine)
- Bones and Joints
Record 7, Main entry term, English
- spiral fracture
1, record 7, English, spiral%20fracture
correct
Record 7, Abbreviations, English
Record 7, Synonyms, English
- torsion fracture 2, record 7, English, torsion%20fracture
correct
Record 7, Textual support, English
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A fracture that follows a helical line. 3, record 7, English, - spiral%20fracture
Record 7, French
Record 7, Domaine(s)
- Radiographie (Médecine)
- Os et articulations
Record 7, Main entry term, French
- fracture spiroïde
1, record 7, French, fracture%20spiro%C3%AFde
correct, feminine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, French
Record 7, Synonyms, French
- fracture en spirale 2, record 7, French, fracture%20en%20spirale
correct, feminine noun
Record 7, Textual support, French
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Variété de fracture engendrée par un mouvement de torsion, et dont le trait décrit une spirale. 3, record 7, French, - fracture%20spiro%C3%AFde
Record 7, Spanish
Record 7, Textual support, Spanish
Record 8 - internal organization data 2012-03-01
Record 8, English
Record 8, Subject field(s)
- Radiography (Medicine)
- Musculoskeletal System
- Bones and Joints
Record 8, Main entry term, English
- hairline fracture
1, record 8, English, hairline%20fracture
correct
Record 8, Abbreviations, English
Record 8, Synonyms, English
Record 8, Textual support, English
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A minor fracture which is seen on x-ray as a very thin hair line between the two segments, but not extending entirely through the bone. [From TAMED, 1985, p. 644. ] 2, record 8, English, - hairline%20fracture
Record 8, French
Record 8, Domaine(s)
- Radiographie (Médecine)
- Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
- Os et articulations
Record 8, Main entry term, French
- fissure
1, record 8, French, fissure
correct, feminine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, French
Record 8, Synonyms, French
Record 8, Textual support, French
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Fêlure sans fracture totale d'un os. 1, record 8, French, - fissure
Record 8, Spanish
Record 8, Textual support, Spanish
Record 9 - internal organization data 2011-05-09
Record 9, English
Record 9, Subject field(s)
- Radiography (Medicine)
- Musculoskeletal System
Record 9, Main entry term, English
- Baumann’s angle
1, record 9, English, Baumann%26rsquo%3Bs%20angle
correct
Record 9, Abbreviations, English
Record 9, Synonyms, English
Record 9, Textual support, English
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF
An angle formed by a line drawn along the lower border of the lateral humeral metaphysis and a line drawn at right angles to the long axis of the humerus. An increase in the angle indicates cubitus varus, and a decrease indicates cubitus valgus. It is usually 75° from the vertical. This measurement allows assessment of the reduction of a displaced supracondylar fracture of the humerus. 2, record 9, English, - Baumann%26rsquo%3Bs%20angle
Record 9, French
Record 9, Domaine(s)
- Radiographie (Médecine)
- Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
Record 9, Main entry term, French
- angle de Baumann
1, record 9, French, angle%20de%20Baumann
correct, masculine noun
Record 9, Abbreviations, French
Record 9, Synonyms, French
Record 9, Textual support, French
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Angle formé par l'axe de la diaphyse humérale et la pente du cartilage de conjugaison du noyau condylien externe. Sa valeur normale est de 70 à 75°. On l'utilise comme critère d'évaluation dans la réduction des fractures supracondyliennes. 2, record 9, French, - angle%20de%20Baumann
Record 9, Spanish
Record 9, Textual support, Spanish
Record 10 - internal organization data 2006-12-19
Record 10, English
Record 10, Subject field(s)
- Atmospheric, Climatic and Meteorological Phenomena
Record 10, Main entry term, English
- fracture depth
1, record 10, English, fracture%20depth
correct, officially approved
Record 10, Abbreviations, English
Record 10, Synonyms, English
Record 10, Textual support, English
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Slab thickness at the fracture line measured in vertical direction. 2, record 10, English, - fracture%20depth
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The fracture depth was 90 cm. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.] 3, record 10, English, - fracture%20depth
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS
The fracture depth is expressed in cm or meters. 4, record 10, English, - fracture%20depth
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS
fracture depth: term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee. 4, record 10, English, - fracture%20depth
Record 10, French
Record 10, Domaine(s)
- Phénomènes météorologiques, climatiques et atmosphériques
Record 10, Main entry term, French
- épaisseur de la fracture
1, record 10, French, %C3%A9paisseur%20de%20la%20fracture
correct, feminine noun, officially approved
Record 10, Abbreviations, French
Record 10, Synonyms, French
Record 10, Textual support, French
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT
L'épaisseur de la fracture était de 90 cm. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.] 2, record 10, French, - %C3%A9paisseur%20de%20la%20fracture
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Épaisseur de la fracture, mesurée perpendiculairement à la pente sur la ligne de fracture de l'avalanche. 3, record 10, French, - %C3%A9paisseur%20de%20la%20fracture
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS
L'épaisseur de la fracture s'exprime en cm ou en mètre. 2, record 10, French, - %C3%A9paisseur%20de%20la%20fracture
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 OBS
épaisseur de la fracture : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche. 4, record 10, French, - %C3%A9paisseur%20de%20la%20fracture
Record 10, Spanish
Record 10, Textual support, Spanish
Record 11 - internal organization data 2006-12-19
Record 11, English
Record 11, Subject field(s)
- Meteorological Forecasting, Data Measurement and Analysis
Record 11, Main entry term, English
- fracture line profile
1, record 11, English, fracture%20line%20profile
correct, officially approved
Record 11, Abbreviations, English
Record 11, Synonyms, English
Record 11, Textual support, English
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A snow profile obtained by excavating a snowpit at a recent slab avalanche release site. 2, record 11, English, - fracture%20line%20profile
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Fracture line profile [is] a graphical representation of the components of a slab avalanche prepared by excavating a snowpit at the crown face and measuring a variety of snow parameters from the surface down at and including the bed surface(and sometimes extending to the ground). Typical parameters measured include time, date, location, weather, slope angle, aspect, slab dimensions, and include the snowpack stratigraphy parameters plotted at the appropriate depth from the surface in cm : density, hardness, temperature, moisture, fracture depth. 3, record 11, English, - fracture%20line%20profile
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT
A fracture line profile showed that the slab failed on facets. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee. ] 4, record 11, English, - fracture%20line%20profile
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 3 CONT
A fracture line profile revealed that the weakness involved dates back to November. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee. ] 4, record 11, English, - fracture%20line%20profile
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Fracture line profile [must be done] ideally within 24 hours after [the avalanche slab] occurrence. 5, record 11, English, - fracture%20line%20profile
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 OBS
fracture line profile : term officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee. 6, record 11, English, - fracture%20line%20profile
Record 11, French
Record 11, Domaine(s)
- Prévisions météorologiques et mesure et analyse des données
Record 11, Main entry term, French
- profil de cassure linéaire
1, record 11, French, profil%20de%20cassure%20lin%C3%A9aire
correct, masculine noun, officially approved
Record 11, Abbreviations, French
Record 11, Synonyms, French
- profil de fracture linéaire 1, record 11, French, profil%20de%20fracture%20lin%C3%A9aire
correct, masculine noun, officially approved
- profil de cassure 1, record 11, French, profil%20de%20cassure
correct, masculine noun, officially approved
- profil de fracture 1, record 11, French, profil%20de%20fracture
correct, masculine noun, officially approved
Record 11, Textual support, French
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Le profil de cassure linéaire indique que la plaque a cédé sur une couche de grains à faces planes. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.] 1, record 11, French, - profil%20de%20cassure%20lin%C3%A9aire
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Le profil de cassure linéaire a révélé que les couches fragiles en cause se sont formées en novembre. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.] 1, record 11, French, - profil%20de%20cassure%20lin%C3%A9aire
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS
profil de cassure linéaire; profil de fracture linéaire; profil de cassure; profil de fracture : termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche. 2, record 11, French, - profil%20de%20cassure%20lin%C3%A9aire
Record 11, Spanish
Record 11, Textual support, Spanish
Record 12 - internal organization data 2006-12-18
Record 12, English
Record 12, Subject field(s)
- Atmospheric, Climatic and Meteorological Phenomena
Record 12, Main entry term, English
- fracture line
1, record 12, English, fracture%20line
correct, officially approved
Record 12, Abbreviations, English
Record 12, Synonyms, English
- crown 2, record 12, English, crown
correct, noun, officially approved
- crown fracture 3, record 12, English, crown%20fracture
correct, officially approved
- fracture 4, record 12, English, fracture
correct, noun, officially approved
- crown fracture line 5, record 12, English, crown%20fracture%20line
correct
- crown line 6, record 12, English, crown%20line
correct
- crown surface 5, record 12, English, crown%20surface
correct
Record 12, Textual support, English
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A well-defined line where the moving snow cover breaks away from the stable snow in a slab avalanche release. 7, record 12, English, - fracture%20line
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[The] crown ... is the breakaway wall of the top periphery of the slab. It is usually at a right angle to the bed surface. It is formed by tension fracture through the depth of the slab from bottom to top. 8, record 12, English, - fracture%20line
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Fracture lines were observed throughout the backcountry. [Example approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee.] 4, record 12, English, - fracture%20line
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS
fracture line; crown; fracture; crown fracture : terms officially approved by the Avalanche Bulletin Terminology Standardization Committee. 9, record 12, English, - fracture%20line
Record 12, French
Record 12, Domaine(s)
- Phénomènes météorologiques, climatiques et atmosphériques
Record 12, Main entry term, French
- ligne de fracture
1, record 12, French, ligne%20de%20fracture
correct, feminine noun
Record 12, Abbreviations, French
Record 12, Synonyms, French
- cassure linéaire 2, record 12, French, cassure%20lin%C3%A9aire
correct, feminine noun, officially approved
- fracture linéaire 3, record 12, French, fracture%20lin%C3%A9aire
correct, feminine noun, officially approved
- rupture linéaire 4, record 12, French, rupture%20lin%C3%A9aire
correct, feminine noun
- couronne 3, record 12, French, couronne
avoid, see observation, feminine noun
Record 12, Textual support, French
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Limite supérieure d'une avalanche de plaque, d'où le manteau neigeux s'est décroché par tension. 5, record 12, French, - ligne%20de%20fracture
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[L']épaisseur de la fracture [est] mesurée perpendiculairement à la pente, sur la ligne de fracture de l'avalanche. 6, record 12, French, - ligne%20de%20fracture
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Des cassures linéaires ont été observées partout dans l'arrière pays. [Exemple entériné par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche.] 3, record 12, French, - ligne%20de%20fracture
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS
La ligne de fracture [n'est pas nécessairement un trait droit, elle peut être aussi bien] en forme de V à l'envers, ou bien en fermeture-éclair [...] 7, record 12, French, - ligne%20de%20fracture
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 OBS
Le terme «couronne» en ce sens est un anglicisme. 3, record 12, French, - ligne%20de%20fracture
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 3 OBS
cassure linéaire; fracture linéaire : termes uniformisés par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie des bulletins d'avalanche. 8, record 12, French, - ligne%20de%20fracture
Record 12, Spanish
Record 12, Textual support, Spanish
Record 13 - internal organization data 2002-05-30
Record 13, English
Record 13, Subject field(s)
- Bones and Joints
Record 13, Main entry term, English
- fracture line 1, record 13, English, fracture%20line
Record 13, Abbreviations, English
Record 13, Synonyms, English
Record 13, Textual support, English
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Fractures are described using Ogden et al. classification : type I is an avulsion fracture of the most distal portion of the ossification center of the tubercle; type II, an upward angulation of the lip fragment; type III, a fracture of the lip fragment with propagation of the fracture line into the knee joint. 1, record 13, English, - fracture%20line
Record 13, French
Record 13, Domaine(s)
- Os et articulations
Record 13, Main entry term, French
- trait de fracture
1, record 13, French, trait%20de%20fracture
correct, masculine noun
Record 13, Abbreviations, French
Record 13, Synonyms, French
Record 13, Textual support, French
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Ryu et Debenham ont proposé un quatrième type qui correspond à une étendue du trait de fracture dans la corticale postérieure à travers le cartilage de croissance (correspondant au type II de Salter). 1, record 13, French, - trait%20de%20fracture
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 PHR
trait de fracture transversal, oblique, spiroïde 2, record 13, French, - trait%20de%20fracture
Record 13, Spanish
Record 13, Textual support, Spanish
Record 14 - internal organization data 2000-10-30
Record 14, English
Record 14, Subject field(s)
- Radiography (Medicine)
- Musculoskeletal System
Record 14, Main entry term, English
- Hawkins sign
1, record 14, English, Hawkins%20sign
correct
Record 14, Abbreviations, English
Record 14, Synonyms, English
Record 14, Textual support, English
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Radiolucent line in the dome of the talus indicating that the talus fracture will heal without osteonecrosis. 1, record 14, English, - Hawkins%20sign
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS
This subchondral osteoporosis can only develop if the blood supply of the talus is intact. 1, record 14, English, - Hawkins%20sign
Record 14, French
Record 14, Domaine(s)
- Radiographie (Médecine)
- Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
Record 14, Main entry term, French
- signe de Hawkins
1, record 14, French, signe%20de%20Hawkins
correct, masculine noun
Record 14, Abbreviations, French
Record 14, Synonyms, French
Record 14, Textual support, French
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Ostéoporose sous-chondrale du dôme astragalien se manifestant par une ligne radiotransparente et témoignant de l'absence de troubles vasculaires dans les fractures de l'astragale. 2, record 14, French, - signe%20de%20Hawkins
Record 14, Spanish
Record 14, Textual support, Spanish
Record 15 - internal organization data 2000-02-01
Record 15, English
Record 15, Subject field(s)
- Radiography (Medicine)
- Musculoskeletal System
- Bones and Joints
Record 15, Main entry term, English
- Shenton’s line
1, record 15, English, Shenton%26rsquo%3Bs%20line
correct
Record 15, Abbreviations, English
Record 15, Synonyms, English
- Shenton’s arch 2, record 15, English, Shenton%26rsquo%3Bs%20arch
correct
- cervico-obturator line 3, record 15, English, cervico%2Dobturator%20line
correct
Record 15, Textual support, English
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A smooth, curved line extending from the inferior border of the femoral neck to the inferior border of the pubic ramus; it is disturbed in many lesions of the hip joint, such as congenital dislocation or hip fracture. [From APORT, 1982, p. 246 and STEDM, 1982, p. 797. ] 4, record 15, English, - Shenton%26rsquo%3Bs%20line
Record 15, French
Record 15, Domaine(s)
- Radiographie (Médecine)
- Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
- Os et articulations
Record 15, Main entry term, French
- ligne de Ménard
1, record 15, French, ligne%20de%20M%C3%A9nard
correct, feminine noun
Record 15, Abbreviations, French
Record 15, Synonyms, French
- cintre cervico-obturateur 2, record 15, French, cintre%20cervico%2Dobturateur
correct, masculine noun
- ligne de Shenton 1, record 15, French, ligne%20de%20Shenton
correct, feminine noun
Record 15, Textual support, French
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Courbe formée par le bord inférieur du col fémoral et le bord inférieur de la branche pubienne correspondante, dont la rupture peut être observée dans plusieurs coxopathies telles que la malformation luxante de la hanche. [D'après MEDEC, 1989, p. 181.] 1, record 15, French, - ligne%20de%20M%C3%A9nard
Record 15, Spanish
Record 15, Textual support, Spanish
Record 16 - internal organization data 2000-01-18
Record 16, English
Record 16, Subject field(s)
- Musculoskeletal System
Record 16, Main entry term, English
- capillary fracture
1, record 16, English, capillary%20fracture
correct
Record 16, Abbreviations, English
Record 16, Synonyms, English
- hairline fracture 2, record 16, English, hairline%20fracture
Record 16, Textual support, English
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF
a fracture that appears in the roentgenogram as a fine hairlike line, the segments of bone not being separated;(...) 1, record 16, English, - capillary%20fracture
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS
(...) sometimes seen in fractures of the skull. 1, record 16, English, - capillary%20fracture
Record 16, French
Record 16, Domaine(s)
- Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
Record 16, Main entry term, French
- fissure
1, record 16, French, fissure
correct, feminine noun
Record 16, Abbreviations, French
Record 16, Synonyms, French
- fissure osseuse 1, record 16, French, fissure%20osseuse
correct, feminine noun
- fêlure 1, record 16, French, f%C3%AAlure
correct, feminine noun
Record 16, Textual support, French
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Fente sans fracture totale d'un os. 1, record 16, French, - fissure
Record 16, Spanish
Record 16, Textual support, Spanish
Record 17 - internal organization data 1998-08-17
Record 17, English
Record 17, Subject field(s)
- Joints and Connections (Construction)
- Plywood
Record 17, Main entry term, English
- glue failure
1, record 17, English, glue%20failure
correct
Record 17, Abbreviations, English
Record 17, Synonyms, English
Record 17, Textual support, English
Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS
failure : In bonded products, either separation occurring wholly within the glue line,(cohesion failure) or between it and the adherend(adhesion failure) or else fracture in the wood near the glue line(adherend failure...), all generally expressed as a % of the total glue-line area examined. 1, record 17, English, - glue%20failure
Record 17, French
Record 17, Domaine(s)
- Joints et assemblages (Construction)
- Contreplaqués
Record 17, Main entry term, French
- rupture dans la colle
1, record 17, French, rupture%20dans%20la%20colle
feminine noun
Record 17, Abbreviations, French
Record 17, Synonyms, French
- rupture dans le plan de collage 1, record 17, French, rupture%20dans%20le%20plan%20de%20collage
feminine noun
Record 17, Textual support, French
Record 17, Spanish
Record 17, Textual support, Spanish
Record 18 - internal organization data 1997-10-27
Record 18, English
Record 18, Subject field(s)
- Metallurgy - General
- Strength of Materials
Record 18, Main entry term, English
- J-integral
1, record 18, English, J%2Dintegral
correct
Record 18, Abbreviations, English
Record 18, Synonyms, English
Record 18, Textual support, English
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A mathematical expression; a line or surface integral that encloses the crack front from one crack surface to the other, used to characterize the fracture toughness of a material having appreciable plasticity before fracture. 1, record 18, English, - J%2Dintegral
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 PHR
J-integral test. 2, record 18, English, - J%2Dintegral
Record 18, French
Record 18, Domaine(s)
- Métallurgie générale
- Résistance des matériaux
Record 18, Main entry term, French
- intégrale J
1, record 18, French, int%C3%A9grale%20J
feminine noun
Record 18, Abbreviations, French
Record 18, Synonyms, French
Record 18, Textual support, French
Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 PHR
essai de détermination de l'intégrale J. 2, record 18, French, - int%C3%A9grale%20J
Record 18, Spanish
Record 18, Textual support, Spanish
Record 19 - internal organization data 1992-09-16
Record 19, English
Record 19, Subject field(s)
- Radiography (Medicine)
- Musculoskeletal System
Record 19, Main entry term, English
- segmental fracture
1, record 19, English, segmental%20fracture
correct
Record 19, Abbreviations, English
Record 19, Synonyms, English
Record 19, Textual support, English
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A fracture in which a segment of the shaft is isolated by a proximal and a distal line of fracture. There may be multiple segments. [From RSKEL, 1982, p. 35. ] 2, record 19, English, - segmental%20fracture
Record 19, French
Record 19, Domaine(s)
- Radiographie (Médecine)
- Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
Record 19, Main entry term, French
- fracture à double étage
1, record 19, French, fracture%20%C3%A0%20double%20%C3%A9tage
correct, feminine noun
Record 19, Abbreviations, French
Record 19, Synonyms, French
Record 19, Textual support, French
Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Variété de fracture où il existe deux traits grossièrement parallèles détachant un troisième fragment intermédiaire. 1, record 19, French, - fracture%20%C3%A0%20double%20%C3%A9tage
Record 19, Spanish
Record 19, Textual support, Spanish
Record 20 - internal organization data 1992-09-16
Record 20, English
Record 20, Subject field(s)
- Radiography (Medicine)
- Musculoskeletal System
Record 20, Main entry term, English
- ping-pong fracture
1, record 20, English, ping%2Dpong%20fracture
correct
Record 20, Abbreviations, English
Record 20, Synonyms, English
Record 20, Textual support, English
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A peculiar type of depressed skull fracture without evidence of a definite fracture line. It occurs in infants and young children. The depression is similar to that which can be made in a ping-pong ball with the finger. 1, record 20, English, - ping%2Dpong%20fracture
Record 20, French
Record 20, Domaine(s)
- Radiographie (Médecine)
- Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
Record 20, Main entry term, French
- fracture en balle de ping-pong
1, record 20, French, fracture%20en%20balle%20de%20ping%2Dpong
correct, feminine noun
Record 20, Abbreviations, French
Record 20, Synonyms, French
Record 20, Textual support, French
Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Fracture observée exclusivement chez le nourrisson, où une partie de la voûte crânienne est enfoncée de façon régulière sans être fracturée. [D'après MEDEC, 1989, p. 289, sous "embarrure".] 2, record 20, French, - fracture%20en%20balle%20de%20ping%2Dpong
Record 20, Spanish
Record 20, Textual support, Spanish
Record 21 - internal organization data 1992-09-16
Record 21, English
Record 21, Subject field(s)
- Radiography (Medicine)
- Musculoskeletal System
Record 21, Main entry term, English
- trough line
1, record 21, English, trough%20line
correct
Record 21, Abbreviations, English
Record 21, Synonyms, English
Record 21, Textual support, English
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A dense line roughly paralleling the articular surface of the humerus, which corresponds to the impacted fracture seen in posteriorly dislocated shoulders on frontal radiographs. [From WORTH, 1986, p. 263. ] 2, record 21, English, - trough%20line
Record 21, French
Record 21, Domaine(s)
- Radiographie (Médecine)
- Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
Record 21, Main entry term, French
- ligne dense de la tête humérale
1, record 21, French, ligne%20dense%20de%20la%20t%C3%AAte%20hum%C3%A9rale
correct, feminine noun
Record 21, Abbreviations, French
Record 21, Synonyms, French
Record 21, Textual support, French
Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Ligne dense verticale au tiers interne de la tête humérale témoignant d'un trait de fracture par enfoncement, observée dans la luxation postérieure de l'épaule sur un cliché de face. [D'après TRIOS, 1983, p. 19.] 2, record 21, French, - ligne%20dense%20de%20la%20t%C3%AAte%20hum%C3%A9rale
Record 21, Spanish
Record 21, Textual support, Spanish
Record 22 - internal organization data 1992-09-16
Record 22, English
Record 22, Subject field(s)
- Radiography (Medicine)
- Musculoskeletal System
Record 22, Main entry term, English
- radiocapitellar line
1, record 22, English, radiocapitellar%20line
correct
Record 22, Abbreviations, English
Record 22, Synonyms, English
Record 22, Textual support, English
Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A line bisecting the proximal radial shaft, normally passing through the capitellum on every radiographic view irrespective of the position in which it is obtained. If the line fails to pass through the capitellum, dislocation of the radial head or displacement of the capitellum is indicated. This is of particular value in recognizing the dislocation component of a Monteggia's fracture. [From RSKEL, 1982, p. 439. ] 2, record 22, English, - radiocapitellar%20line
Record 22, French
Record 22, Domaine(s)
- Radiographie (Médecine)
- Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
Record 22, Main entry term, French
- ligne radiocondylienne
1, record 22, French, ligne%20radiocondylienne
correct, feminine noun
Record 22, Abbreviations, French
Record 22, Synonyms, French
Record 22, Textual support, French
Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF
En flexion comme en extension, l'axe de la diaphyse radiale passe par le centre du noyau condylien. La ligne radiocondylienne, rapport anatomique important en traumatologie infantile, est modifiée dans les luxations de la tête radiale; l'axe du radius passe au-dessus du centre du point condylien épiphysaire inférieur. 1, record 22, French, - ligne%20radiocondylienne
Record 22, Spanish
Record 22, Textual support, Spanish
Record 23 - internal organization data 1992-09-16
Record 23, English
Record 23, Subject field(s)
- Radiography (Medicine)
- Musculoskeletal System
Record 23, Main entry term, English
- hypertrophic nonunion
1, record 23, English, hypertrophic%20nonunion
correct
Record 23, Abbreviations, English
Record 23, Synonyms, English
Record 23, Textual support, English
Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Hypertrophic nonunion is thought to be caused by continued motion at the fracture site. The fracture line persists, and there is buildup of external callus, widening the diameter of the bone ends. [From WORTH, 1986, p. 32. ] 2, record 23, English, - hypertrophic%20nonunion
Record 23, French
Record 23, Domaine(s)
- Radiographie (Médecine)
- Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
Record 23, Main entry term, French
- pseudarthrose hypertrophique
1, record 23, French, pseudarthrose%20hypertrophique
correct, feminine noun
Record 23, Abbreviations, French
Record 23, Synonyms, French
- pseudarthrose fibro-cartilagineuse 1, record 23, French, pseudarthrose%20fibro%2Dcartilagineuse
correct, feminine noun
Record 23, Textual support, French
Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Pseudarthrose fibro-cartilagineuse ou hypertrophique : il s'agit d'un cal fibro-cartilagineux externe. Sur le plan radiologique on constate : un élargissement de l'espace interfragmentaire, un élargissement et une condensation des extrémités osseuses qui s'arrondissent avec hypertrophie du cal, une oblitération du canal médullaire à hauteur du foyer, des signes de mobilité du matériel d'ostéosynthèse. [D'après EMSQU, 31010, A10, 1983, p. 12.] 2, record 23, French, - pseudarthrose%20hypertrophique
Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS
source c : EMSQU, 31010, A10, 1983, p. 12. 2, record 23, French, - pseudarthrose%20hypertrophique
Record 23, Spanish
Record 23, Textual support, Spanish
Record 24 - internal organization data 1992-09-16
Record 24, English
Record 24, Subject field(s)
- Radiography (Medicine)
- Musculoskeletal System
Record 24, Main entry term, English
- tibial plateau angle
1, record 24, English, tibial%20plateau%20angle
correct
Record 24, Abbreviations, English
Record 24, Synonyms, English
Record 24, Textual support, English
Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF
An angle defined by a line drawn tangential to the tibial crest, a second line tangential to the proximal tibial articular surfaces and a third line perpendicular to the tibial crest line. The interval found between the second and third lines defines the angle. The normal angle range from 7 to 22 ° with a mean of 14 ° and a standard deviation of [+ or-] 3. 6 °. This angle is useful in determining the degree of depression of the tibial plateau due to fracture. [From LUSRO, 1978, p. 190. ] 2, record 24, English, - tibial%20plateau%20angle
Record 24, French
Record 24, Domaine(s)
- Radiographie (Médecine)
- Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
Record 24, Main entry term, French
- angle du plateau tibial
1, record 24, French, angle%20du%20plateau%20tibial
correct, proposal, masculine noun
Record 24, Abbreviations, French
Record 24, Synonyms, French
Record 24, Textual support, French
Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Angle calculé à partir de la tangente à la crête tibiale, de la tangente au plateau tibial et d'une troisième ligne tracée à partir du point de rencontre de ces deux tangentes, et perpendiculaire à la première. L'angle que forme ces deux dernières lignes constitue l'angle du plateau tibial. Il se situe normalement entre 7 et 22 °, pour une moyenne de 14 [0+ ou -] 3,6 °. Cet angle permet d'évaluer l'enfoncement dans une fracture du plateau tibial. 1, record 24, French, - angle%20du%20plateau%20tibial
Record 24, Spanish
Record 24, Textual support, Spanish
Record 25 - internal organization data 1992-09-16
Record 25, English
Record 25, Subject field(s)
- Radiography (Medicine)
- Musculoskeletal System
Record 25, Main entry term, English
- Walther fracture
1, record 25, English, Walther%20fracture
correct
Record 25, Abbreviations, English
Record 25, Synonyms, English
Record 25, Textual support, English
Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Transverse ischioacetabular fracture. The fracture line passes through the ischiopubic junction, the acetabular cavity and the ischial spine. 1, record 25, English, - Walther%20fracture
Record 25, French
Record 25, Domaine(s)
- Radiographie (Médecine)
- Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
Record 25, Main entry term, French
- fracture de Walther
1, record 25, French, fracture%20de%20Walther
correct, feminine noun
Record 25, Abbreviations, French
Record 25, Synonyms, French
Record 25, Textual support, French
Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Fracture transversale de l'ischion et du cotyle. Le trait de fracture passe par la jonction ischio-pubienne, la cavité cotyloïde et l'épine sciatique. 2, record 25, French, - fracture%20de%20Walther
Record 25, Spanish
Record 25, Textual support, Spanish
Record 26 - internal organization data 1992-09-16
Record 26, English
Record 26, Subject field(s)
- Radiography (Medicine)
- Musculoskeletal System
Record 26, Main entry term, English
- bipartite patella
1, record 26, English, bipartite%20patella
correct
Record 26, Abbreviations, English
Record 26, Synonyms, English
- patella bipartita 2, record 26, English, patella%20bipartita
correct
Record 26, Textual support, English
Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A patella that is divided into two parts. It is seen radiologically as a radiolucent line extending downward obliquely across the supero-lateral angle of the patella. This appearance is not to be confused with a fracture line. [From DOMED, 1988, p. 1241 and APORT, 1982, p. 455. ] 3, record 26, English, - bipartite%20patella
Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Occasionally the patella is divided in more than two parts, resulting in a tripartite or a multipartite patella. 3, record 26, English, - bipartite%20patella
Record 26, French
Record 26, Domaine(s)
- Radiographie (Médecine)
- Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
Record 26, Main entry term, French
- patella bipartita
1, record 26, French, patella%20bipartita
correct, feminine noun
Record 26, Abbreviations, French
Record 26, Synonyms, French
Record 26, Textual support, French
Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Rotule divisée en deux par un trait oblique radiotransparent isolant la partie supéro-externe de la rotule. Elle ne doit pas être confondue avec une fracture de la rotule. 2, record 26, French, - patella%20bipartita
Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Quelquefois la rotule comprend plus de deux parties osseuses : patella tripartita ou multipartita. 3, record 26, French, - patella%20bipartita
Record 26, Spanish
Record 26, Textual support, Spanish
Record 27 - internal organization data 1992-09-16
Record 27, English
Record 27, Subject field(s)
- Radiography (Medicine)
- Musculoskeletal System
Record 27, Main entry term, English
- Pauwels angle
1, record 27, English, Pauwels%20angle
correct
Record 27, Abbreviations, English
Record 27, Synonyms, English
Record 27, Textual support, English
Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Angle of a femoral neck fracture in reference to a horizontal line. [From BORTH, 1990, p. 73. ] 2, record 27, English, - Pauwels%20angle
Record 27, French
Record 27, Domaine(s)
- Radiographie (Médecine)
- Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
Record 27, Main entry term, French
- angle de Pauwels
1, record 27, French, angle%20de%20Pauwels
correct, masculine noun
Record 27, Abbreviations, French
Record 27, Synonyms, French
Record 27, Textual support, French
Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Angle formé par le trait d'une fracture du col fémoral et une ligne horizontale. 2, record 27, French, - angle%20de%20Pauwels
Record 27, Spanish
Record 27, Textual support, Spanish
Record 28 - internal organization data 1992-09-16
Record 28, English
Record 28, Subject field(s)
- Radiography (Medicine)
- Musculoskeletal System
Record 28, Main entry term, English
- atrophic nonunion
1, record 28, English, atrophic%20nonunion
correct
Record 28, Abbreviations, English
Record 28, Synonyms, English
Record 28, Textual support, English
Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Atrophic nonunion is thought to result from extensive bone death. The radiographic appearance is that of a persistent fracture line with no demonstrable callus and no change over long periods of time. [From WORTH, 1986, p. 32. ] 2, record 28, English, - atrophic%20nonunion
Record 28, French
Record 28, Domaine(s)
- Radiographie (Médecine)
- Appareil locomoteur (Médecine)
Record 28, Main entry term, French
- pseudarthrose atrophique
1, record 28, French, pseudarthrose%20atrophique
correct, feminine noun
Record 28, Abbreviations, French
Record 28, Synonyms, French
Record 28, Textual support, French
Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Pseudarthrose atrophique : il s'agit d'une pseudarthrose très mobile, liée habituellement à une perte de substance importante. Le cal est ici uniquement fibreux. L'examen radiologique révèle un élargissement de l'espace interfragmentaire associé à une atrophie des extrémités osseuses (parfois très importante). Il n'y a pas de cal périphérique, les extrémités fracturées sont condensées et le canal oblitéré. [D'après EMSQU, 31010, A10, 1983, p. 12.] 2, record 28, French, - pseudarthrose%20atrophique
Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Source c : EMSQU, 1983, 31010, A10, p. 12. 2, record 28, French, - pseudarthrose%20atrophique
Record 28, Spanish
Record 28, Textual support, Spanish
Record 29 - internal organization data 1985-03-27
Record 29, English
Record 29, Subject field(s)
- Tracks and Roadways (Rail Transport)
Record 29, Main entry term, English
- bolt hole crack
1, record 29, English, bolt%20hole%20crack
correct, officially approved
Record 29, Abbreviations, English
Record 29, Synonyms, English
- bolt hole break 2, record 29, English, bolt%20hole%20break
correct
Record 29, Textual support, English
Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF
a progressive fracture which originates at a bolt hole usually at an angle or along a path other than a perpendicular or longitudinal line. Rail defect.(RDMA64, p 67) 2, record 29, English, - bolt%20hole%20crack
Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS
The term bolt hole crack is officialized by Canadian Pacific and Canadian National. 3, record 29, English, - bolt%20hole%20crack
Record 29, French
Record 29, Domaine(s)
- Voies ferrées
Record 29, Main entry term, French
- étoilure de trou d'éclissage
1, record 29, French, %C3%A9toilure%20de%20trou%20d%27%C3%A9clissage
correct, feminine noun
Record 29, Abbreviations, French
Record 29, Synonyms, French
- fissure de trou d'éclissage 2, record 29, French, fissure%20de%20trou%20d%27%C3%A9clissage
correct, feminine noun, officially approved
Record 29, Textual support, French
Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 DEF
ces défauts consistent en fissures progressives, rayonnant autour des trous d'éclissage. Elles sont horizontales ou inclinées à environ 45 ° et peuvent entraîner une rupture. (ARDR67, no 135) 3, record 29, French, - %C3%A9toilure%20de%20trou%20d%27%C3%A9clissage
Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Le terme fissure de trou d'éclissage est uniformisé par Canadien Pacifique et Canadien National. 4, record 29, French, - %C3%A9toilure%20de%20trou%20d%27%C3%A9clissage
Record 29, Spanish
Record 29, Textual support, Spanish
Copyright notice for the TERMIUM Plus® data bank
© Public Services and Procurement Canada, 2025
TERMIUM Plus®, the Government of Canada's terminology and linguistic data bank
A product of the Translation Bureau
Features
Language Portal of Canada

Access a collection of Canadian resources on all aspects of English and French, including quizzes.
Writing tools

The Language Portal’s writing tools have a new look! Easy to consult, they give you access to a wealth of information that will help you write better in English and French.
Glossaries and vocabularies

Access Translation Bureau glossaries and vocabularies.
- Date Modified: