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Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fraccing fluid consists mostly of water and sand but small amounts of additives are used to thicken the fluid and improve the efficiency of the process, thus reducing the need for excess water use.  10, record 1, English, - hydraulic%20fracturing%20fluid

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The terms "fraccing" and "fracing," short for "fracturing," are pronounced "fracking."  11, record 1, English, - hydraulic%20fracturing%20fluid

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le liquide de fracturation est principalement composé d’eau (à environ 96 %), de sable (à environ 3,6 %) et d’additifs (à moins de 1 %) et est pompé à haute pression. Des additifs sont nécessaires pour améliorer la performance du liquide de fracturation.  2, record 1, French, - fluide%20de%20fracturation%20hydraulique

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

During the hydraulic fracturing process, some of the fracturing fluid may leave the fracture and enter the targeted formation adjacent to the created fracture(i. e. untreated formation). This phenomenon is known as fluid leak-off. The fluid flows into the micropore or pore spaces of the formation or into existing natural fractures in the formation or into small fractures opened and propagated into the formation by the pressure in the induced fracture.  7, record 2, English, - fracture%20fluid%20leak%2Doff

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phénomène se produisant lorsque le liquide de fracturation hydraulique s'écoule de la fracture principale et s'infiltre dans une autre partie de la formation ou dans un autre réseau de fractures.  2, record 2, French, - fuite%20de%20fluide%20de%20fracturation

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The fracturing of rock in an oil or gas reservoir by pumping a fluid under high pressure into the well.  6, record 3, English, - hydraulic%20fracturing

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Although various forms of fracturing exist, authors often use the term "fracturing," or any one of its derivatives: fracking, fraccing or fracing (all pronounced "fracking"), in the sense of "hydraulic fracturing."  7, record 3, English, - hydraulic%20fracturing

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Procédé qui consiste à créer artificiellement, par pression hydraulique, des fractures afin d'augmenter la perméabilité au voisinage d'un puits.  3, record 3, French, - fracturation%20hydraulique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Método para inducir caudal en pozos de petróleo por inyección de agua a aguas saladas bajo presión en el estrato petrolífero.  1, record 3, Spanish, - fracturaci%C3%B3n%20hidr%C3%A1ulica

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A hydraulic fracture is formed by pumping the fracturing fluid into the wellbore at a rate sufficient to increase the pressure downhole to a value in excess of the fracture gradient of the formation rock. The pressure causes the formation to crack, allowing the fracturing fluid to enter and extend the crack farther into the formation. To keep this fracture open after the injection stops, a solid proppant, commonly a sieved round sand, is added to the fracture fluid. The propped hydraulic fracture then becomes a high permeability conduit through which the formation fluids can flow to the well.  2, record 4, English, - hydraulic%20fracture

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La fracture hydraulique se forme dans une formation rocheuse après que celle-ci ait subi une opération de fracturation hydraulique.  2, record 4, French, - fracture%20hydraulique

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A rock formation with low permeability and porosity containing an accumulation of oil.  2, record 5, English, - tight%20oil%20reservoir

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The percentage of pore volume ... within the rock is generally less than 30% and in tight oil reservoirs is commonly less than 10%.  3, record 5, English, - tight%20oil%20reservoir

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Tight oil reservoirs typically require the combination of horizontal drilling and multi-stage hydraulic fracturing to establish sufficient fluid flow to achieve economic rates of recovery.  4, record 5, English, - tight%20oil%20reservoir

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les réservoirs étanches de pétrole exigent généralement que l'on combine les techniques de forage horizontal et de fracturation hydraulique en plusieurs étapes pour obtenir des taux de production rentables.  2, record 5, French, - r%C3%A9servoir%20%C3%A9tanche%20de%20p%C3%A9trole

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Injection of rubber, plastic or metal balls with the fracturing fluid to plug up bottomhole perforations.  1, record 6, English, - ball%2Dsealer%20process

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Injection de billes de caoutchouc dans le fluide de fracturation afin d'obstruer les perforations une fois le fluide sorti.  1, record 6, French, - obturation%20par%20billes

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A granular substance(as sand grains, walnut shells, or other material carried in suspension by the fracturing fluid) that serves to keep the fracture open when the fracturing fluid is withdrawn after a fracture treatment.  3, record 7, English, - proppant

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Sable, céramique ou billes de résine pompés dans un trou de forage à la fin de l'étape de fracturation afin d'agrandir les fractures nouvellement créées et ainsi augmenter la perméabilité.  2, record 7, French, - agent%20de%20sout%C3%A8nement

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fracturation. [...] au fur et à mesure de l'extension de la fracture, on injecte un matériau granulaire, appelé agent de soutènement, destiné à maintenir la fracture ouverte lorsque la pression est relâchée.  3, record 7, French, - agent%20de%20sout%C3%A8nement

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Superfrac is a new hydraulic-fracturing technique which involves fracturing wells with mixtures of viscous oil and water carrying large propping agents. In this new technique the viscous fluid is pumped down the casing or tubing surrounded by an annular film of water.  1, record 8, English, - Superfrac

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode de fracturation (applicable aux formations à faible ou haute perméabilité) utilisant un fluide à haute viscosité (dispersion eau dans l'huile) et permettant d'obtenir une grande largeur de fissuration (10 mm).  1, record 8, French, - superfrac

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The second common technique is pressure acidizing, a particular method of fracturing. The method consists of using and acid solution instead of brine or water as frac fluid.  1, record 9, English, - pressure%20acidizing

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The vertical pressure at a point in the Earth’s crust, equal to the pressure caused by the weight of a column of the overlying rock or soil.  7, record 10, English, - geostatic%20pressure

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When increasing fluid pressures exceeded lithostatic pressures and the tensile strength of the overlying rocks, fracturing of these rocks occurred, permitting rapid escape of hydrothermal fluids into newly created open space.  8, record 10, English, - geostatic%20pressure

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It is possible that the fluid pression at depth tends to approach the so-called lithostatic pressure.  9, record 10, English, - geostatic%20pressure

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

geostatic pressure; lithostatic pressure; overburden pressure; ground pressure; overburden stress; rock pressure: terms used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  10, record 10, English, - geostatic%20pressure

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pression exercée par le poids des roches sus-jacentes.  3, record 10, French, - pression%20g%C3%A9ostatique

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La pression à laquelle sont soumis les grains solides des roches est celle de la colonne de sédiments (pression géostatique); elle augmente en moyenne de 250 à 300 kg/cm² tous les 1 000 m.  5, record 10, French, - pression%20g%C3%A9ostatique

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Lorsque la pression hydrostatique croissante dépasse la pression lithostatique et la résistance à la traction des roches sus-jacentes, celles-ci se fracturent, permettant l'échappement rapide des fluides hydrothermaux dans les espaces ouverts ainsi créés.  6, record 10, French, - pression%20g%C3%A9ostatique

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

This type of skarn copper deposit lacks the intense stockwork fracturing typical of porphyry deposits, resulting in the restriction of retrograde mineral assemblages to vug fillings, contact zones, and widely spaced, structurally controlled fluid conduits.  1, record 11, English, - vug%20filling

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À ces skarns cuprifères n'est pas associée l'intense fracturation qui donne lieu aux stockwerks caractérisant les gîtes porphyriques, de sorte que les associations minérales d'altération rétrograde sont confinées au remplissage de vacuoles, à des zones de contact et à des conduits de fluides à contrôle structural largement espacés.  1, record 11, French, - remplissage%20de%20vacuoles

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When increasing fluid pressures exceeded lithostatic pressures and the tensile strength of the overlying rocks, fracturing of these rocks occurred, permitting rapid escape of hydrothermal fluids into newly created open space.  1, record 12, English, - tensile%20strength

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque la pression hydrostatique croissante dépasse la pression lithostatique et la résistance à la traction des roches sus-jacentes, celle-ci se fracturent, permettant l'échappement rapide des fluides hydrothermaux dans les espaces ouverts ainsi créés.  1, record 12, French, - r%C3%A9sistance%20%C3%A0%20la%20traction

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Propping agent... serves to keep fracture open when the fracturing fluid is withdrawn after a fracture treatment.  3, record 13, English, - keep%20open

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

By this technique [fracturing] the formation is "cracked" and the fissures are propped open by pumping walnut shells, glass balls or similar propping agents into the formation.  2, record 13, English, - keep%20open

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fracturation.[...] Les fissures sont maintenues ouvertes par l'introduction, en même temps que le liquide de fracturation, d'un sable ou de corps de granulométrie précise.  2, record 13, French, - maintenir%20ouverte

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Agent de soulèvement [...] utilisé lors d'une fracturation hydraulique pour maintenir ouvertes les fractures de la formation [...]  3, record 13, French, - maintenir%20ouverte

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish