TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Yukon Aboriginal Women's Council(YAWC) is a non-profit society located in Whitehorse, Yukon, that supports leadership and advancement for and by Indigenous women, girls and gender diverse people in Yukon... and Northern British Columbia.  1, record 1, English, - Yukon%20Aboriginal%20Women%26rsquo%3Bs%20Council

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Conseil des femmes autochtones du Yukon : traduction non officielle donnée à titre d'information seulement.  2, record 1, French, - Yukon%20Aboriginal%20Women%27s%20Council

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A solid sense of identity means that you know who you are, what you value, and how you see yourself in society. There are many components of our identities, such as religious, political, and gender, among others, and knowing yourself fully is essential to feel integrated into society.  2, record 2, English, - sense%20of%20identity

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'identité est un ensemble de critères de définition d'un sujet et un sentiment interne. Ce sentiment d'identité est composé de différents sentiments : sentiments d'unité, de cohérence, d'appartenance, de valeur, d'autonomie et de confiance organisés autour d'une volonté d'existence.  2, record 2, French, - sentiment%20d%27identit%C3%A9

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] buscamos un sentimiento de identidad como estabilización interna y, a la vez, como íntima necesidad de reconocimiento sin la cual la identidad sería solo un delirio alejado del vínculo con los otros.  1, record 2, Spanish, - sentimiento%20de%20identidad

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gender needs. The roles of men and women in existing societies and institutions are generally different. Thus, their needs vary accordingly. Two types of needs are usually identified practical needs and strategic needs. Practical needs arise from the actual conditions which women and men experience because of the gender roles assigned to them in society. Strategic needs are the needs required to overcome the subordinate position of women to men in society, and relate to the empowerment of women. They vary according to the particular social, economic, and political context in which they are formulated.  2, record 3, English, - gender%20need

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gender need : Cette désignation est habituellement utilisée au pluriel.  3, record 3, English, - gender%20need

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

besoin de chaque sexe; besoin selon le genre; besoin sexospécifique : Ces désignations sont habituellement utilisées au pluriel.  3, record 3, French, - besoin%20de%20chaque%20sexe

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Real Academia de la Lengua Española desaconseja el uso de la palabra "género", del inglés "gender", para todas las nociones relativas a diferencias o desigualdades de índole social, económica, política, laboral, etc. En español, debe emplearse el término "sexo" y sus derivados "sexista", "sexual".  3, record 3, Spanish, - necesidad%20de%20cada%20sexo

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gender and development is an interdisciplinary field of research and applied study that implements a feminist approach to understanding and addressing the disparate impact that economic development and globalization have on people based upon their location, gender, class background, and other socio-political identities.... Unlike WID [Women in Development], the GAD approach is not concerned specifically with women, but with the way in which a society assigns roles, responsibilities and expectations to both women and men.  2, record 4, English, - gender%20and%20development

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Real Academia de la Lengua Española desaconseja el uso de la palabra "género", del inglés "gender", para todas las nociones relativas a diferencias o desigualdades de índole social, económica, política, laboral, etc. En español, debe emplearse el término "sexo" y sus derivados "sexista", "sexual".  3, record 4, Spanish, - g%C3%A9nero%20en%20desarrollo

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Many surveys and electronic data systems ... allow ... the flexibility to collect and enter not only sex-disaggregated cisgender data but also gender-disaggregated data from transgender and gender nonconforming people ...  2, record 5, English, - gender%2Ddisaggregated%20data

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Gender-disaggregated data refer to information about an individual' s gender identity. Gathering accurate gender-disaggregated data requires respondents to self-identify their gender, which may or may not correspond with their sex assigned at birth or the gender attributed to them by society.  3, record 5, English, - gender%2Ddisaggregated%20data

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les données ventilées par genre font référence à des informations relatives à l'identité de genre d'une personne. Recueillir des données ventilées par genre exige que les personnes interrogées s'identifier à leur genre, qui peut ou non correspondre au sexe qui leur a été assigné à la naissance ou au genre qui leur est attribué par la société.  2, record 5, French, - donn%C3%A9es%20ventil%C3%A9es%20selon%20le%20genre

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... an inclusive society is a society that over-rides differences of race, gender, class, generation, and geography, and ensures inclusion, equality of opportunity as well as capability of all members of the society to determine an agreed set of social institutions.  2, record 6, English, - inclusive%20society

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une société inclusive autonomise les groupes et individus marginalisés, et appuie les principes du développement durable.  3, record 6, French, - soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20inclusive

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In a given society, that is consistent with what is culturally associated with a person's gender.  1, record 7, English, - gender%2Dconforming

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Usually refers to a person’s gender expression, such as behaviour, clothing and voice inflection.  1, record 7, English, - gender%2Dconforming

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 PHR

gender-conforming behaviour, gender-conforming clothing  1, record 7, English, - gender%2Dconforming

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans une société donnée, qui correspond à ce qui est culturellement associé au genre d'une personne.  1, record 7, French, - conforme%20au%20genre

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fait généralement référence à l'expression de genre d'une personne, par exemple le comportement, la façon de s'habiller ou l'inflexion de la voix.  1, record 7, French, - conforme%20au%20genre

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 PHR

comportement conforme au genre, vêtements conformes au genre  1, record 7, French, - conforme%20au%20genre

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The behavioural, cultural and psychological traits associated with an array of gender identities, including woman or man, in a given society.  2, record 8, English, - gender

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gender influences how people perceive themselves and others. It refers not only to physical, psychological, behavioural and other differences, but also to the meanings and values society associates with male and female, that is, the idea that people have specific social roles and skills because of their sex.  2, record 8, English, - gender

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

While sex refers to a set of anatomical and physiological characteristics, gender refers to a social construct.  2, record 8, English, - gender

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Caractéristiques comportementales, culturelles et psychologiques associées aux diverses identités de genre, notamment femme ou homme, dans une société donnée.  2, record 8, French, - genre

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le genre influence la manière dont les gens se perçoivent et perçoivent les autres. Il renvoie aux significations et aux valeurs socialement rattachées au masculin et au féminin, c'est-à-dire aux idées selon lesquelles les personnes ont des rôles sociaux et des compétences spécifiques en raison de leur sexe, de même que des différences physiques, psychologiques et comportementales, notamment.  2, record 8, French, - genre

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Si le sexe renvoie à l'ensemble des caractéristiques anatomiques et physiologiques, le genre renvoie quant à lui à la construction sociale de l'identité.  2, record 8, French, - genre

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Grupo al que pertenecen los seres humanos de cada sexo, entendido este desde un punto de vista sociocultural en lugar de exclusivamente biológico.  1, record 8, Spanish, - g%C3%A9nero

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gender and sexual minorities; GSM : These designations include all people whose gender or sexual orientation differs from the majority of the surrounding society.  3, record 9, English, - gender%20and%20sexual%20minorities

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

minorités sexuelles et de genre; MSG : Ces désignations incluent toutes les personnes dont le genre ou l'orientation sexuelle diffère de ceux de la majorité de la société.  3, record 9, French, - minorit%C3%A9s%20sexuelles%20et%20de%20genre

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In a given society, that differs from what is culturally associated with a person's gender.  1, record 10, English, - gender%2Dnonconforming

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Usually refers to a person’s gender expression, such as behaviour, clothing and voice inflection.  1, record 10, English, - gender%2Dnonconforming

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

These designations are sometimes used by those who do not follow gender stereotypes.  1, record 10, English, - gender%2Dnonconforming

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 PHR

gender-nonconforming behaviour, gender-nonconforming clothing  1, record 10, English, - gender%2Dnonconforming

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dans une société donnée, qui s'écarte de ce qui est culturellement associé au genre d'une personne.  1, record 10, French, - non%20conforme%20au%20genre

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Fait généralement référence à l'expression de genre d'une personne, par exemple le comportement, la façon de s'habiller ou l'inflexion de la voix.  1, record 10, French, - non%20conforme%20au%20genre

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Ce terme est parfois utilisé par les personnes qui n'obéissent pas aux stéréotypes de genre.  1, record 10, French, - non%20conforme%20au%20genre

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 PHR

comportement non conforme au genre, vêtements non conformes au genre  1, record 10, French, - non%20conforme%20au%20genre

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Every individual possesses a "social location" that determines where they stand in society. A person's social location is built upon... their gender, social class, race, education, abilities, age, sexual orientation, religion, culture, [and geographic location]. All of these join together to create and manifest a person's identity and to shape how a person looks at the world. An individual' s social location also contributes to how that person interacts with others...  2, record 11, English, - social%20location

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Emplacement social. Un terme qui désigne à la fois la manière dont on se situe et qu'on est [situé] par d'autres en fonction de la position qu'on occupe dans la société.  2, record 11, French, - emplacement%20social

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Canada considers inclusive governance to be fundamental to long-term sustainable development. Governance is inclusive when it effectively serves and engages all people; takes into account gender and other facets of personal identity; and when institutions, policies, processes, and services are accessible, accountable and responsive to all members of society.  2, record 12, English, - inclusive%20governance

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le Canada considère que la gouvernance inclusive est essentielle au développement durable à long terme. La gouvernance est inclusive lorsqu'elle sert et mobilise efficacement toutes les personnes et qu'elle tient compte du genre et des autres facettes de l'identité personnelle, et lorsque les institutions, les politiques, les processus et les services sont accessibles, responsables et adaptés à tous les membres de la société.  2, record 12, French, - gouvernance%20inclusive

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Gendered conflict analysis] seeks to unpack power relationships between men, women, boys, girls and other gender identities in society, including access to and control over resources and participation in decision-making within various sectors.  1, record 13, English, - gendered%20conflict%20analysis

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'analyse genrée des conflits permet de concevoir des stratégies de prévention et d'intervention éclairées. L'élaboration d'une analyse des conflits tenant compte des questions de genre – qui mette en lumière tant la dimension du genre dans les causes des conflits que les conséquences particulières des conflits selon le genre – et l'intégration d'une telle analyse dans toutes les hypothèses de planification permettront de renforcer les mesures de prévention et d'atténuer le risque de reprise des conflits.  1, record 13, French, - analyse%20genr%C3%A9e%20des%20conflits

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

That encourages or accommodates participation from all sections of society without excluding any person on the grounds of race, gender, religion, age, disability, etc.  2, record 14, English, - inclusive

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 PHR

inclusive development  3, record 14, English, - inclusive

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il faut militer pour un monde inclusif et non exclusif.  1, record 14, French, - inclusif

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 PHR

développement inclusif  2, record 14, French, - inclusif

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 PHR

desarrollo incluyente  1, record 14, Spanish, - incluyente

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

To catalyze new investments in support of women and girls in developing countries, Canada launched a new Partnership for Gender Equality, bringing together the Government of Canada, the philanthropic community, the private sector and civil society.  1, record 15, English, - Partnership%20for%20Gender%20Equality

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Afin de catalyser de nouveaux investissements à l'appui des femmes et des filles dans les pays en développement, le Canada a lancé un nouveau Partenariat canadien pour l'égalité des genres, qui réunit le gouvernement du Canada, la communauté philanthropique, le secteur privé et la société civile.  1, record 15, French, - Partenariat%20canadien%20pour%20l%27%C3%A9galit%C3%A9%20des%20genres

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

To support more initiatives that build the capacity of equality-seeking organizations, reduce gender inequality in Canada, and promote a fairer and more productive society, the Government proposes to provide $100 million over five years to Status of Women Canada to enhance the Women's Program.  1, record 16, English, - equality%2Dseeking%20organization

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le gouvernement propose de fournir un financement de 100 millions de dollars sur cinq ans à Condition féminine Canada afin d'améliorer le Programme des femmes en vue d'appuyer plus d'initiatives qui renforcent les capacités des organisations revendiquant l'égalité, cherchent à combler l'inégalité des sexes au Canada et font la promotion d'une société plus équitable et productive.  1, record 16, French, - organisation%20revendiquant%20l%27%C3%A9galit%C3%A9

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Welcome Friend Association educates and promotes awareness in society regarding gender, sexual identities and expressions. [It provides] outreach and support for people impacted by gender and sexual issues. Welcome Friend Association provides seminars, training and outreach for other organizations and the community at large to broaden the understanding of the queer community.  2, record 17, English, - Welcome%20Friend%20Association

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The economic changes brought about by increased trade and the emergence of cities created new tensions in medieval society. These tensions permeated the boundaries of class, gender, ethnicity, and religion.  2, record 18, English, - medieval%20society

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La société médiévale est divisée en trois ordres : les prêtres, les chevaliers et les paysans.  2, record 18, French, - soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20m%C3%A9di%C3%A9vale

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A set of implicit and explicit rules governing gender relations which allocate different work and value, responsibilities and obligations to men and women ...  3, record 19, English, - gender%20social%20contract

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

gender contract : established and recommended in all sectors of society; should be based on authentic equality between men and women, including sharing of family and household responsibilities, opportunities for education, participation in economic and public affairs, and matters of peace and security.  4, record 19, English, - gender%20social%20contract

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ce modèle de «contrat entre les sexes» [...], dans lequel femmes et hommes seraient égaux devant l'emploi et les charges parentales est finalement retenu et mis en œuvre dans les années 70. Une délégation à l'Égalité entre hommes et femmes, rattachée au Premier Ministre, est créée en 1972 et des mesures sont prises pour favoriser l'égalité des engagements des hommes et des femmes dans leurs responsabilités professionnelles et familiales.  6, record 19, French, - contrat%20social%20entre%20les%20hommes%20et%20les%20femmes

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Commission générale de terminologie et de néologie du gouvernement de la France déconseille l'usage du terme «genre» comme équivalent de «gender» lorsqu'il est question des différences et des relations sociales entre hommes et femmes. Pour rendre la construction adjectivale du terme «gender», la Commission recommande, selon le contexte, l'usage de locutions telles que «hommes et femmes», «masculin et féminin» ou bien d'apporter des solutions au cas par cas.  7, record 19, French, - contrat%20social%20entre%20les%20hommes%20et%20les%20femmes

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Conjunto de pautas implícitas y explícitas que rigen las relaciones entre hombres y mujeres, según las cuales se atribuyen a unos y otras distintos trabajos y valor, responsabilidades y obligaciones.  3, record 19, Spanish, - contrato%20de%20g%C3%A9nero

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Esta situación se articula en tres niveles: la superestructura cultural (normas y valores de la sociedad), las instituciones (sistemas de protección de la familia, educativo y de empleo, etcétera) y los procesos de socialización (sobre todo en el seno de la familia).  3, record 19, Spanish, - contrato%20de%20g%C3%A9nero

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An indicator that uses quantitative or qualitative information to give insight into gender issues and capture gender-related changes in society.  2, record 20, English, - gender%20indicator

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le RCE [Réseau Citoyennes d'Europe] ne rejette pas la possibilité de vote préférentiel et propose que les bulletins de vote incorporent un indicateur de genre.  1, record 20, French, - indicateur%20de%20genre

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Practical gender needs are those which address women's and men's immediate needs in relation to their roles in society. Strategic gender needs, on the other hand, refer to the need to change the existing gender roles and to address equality issues.  2, record 21, English, - strategic%20gender%20need

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Real Academia de la Lengua Española desaconseja el uso de la palabra "género", del inglés "gender", para todas las nociones relativas a diferencias o desigualdades de índole social, económica, política, laboral, etc. En español, debe emplearse el término "sexo" y sus derivados "sexista", "sexual".  3, record 21, Spanish, - necesidad%20estrat%C3%A9gica%20en%20funci%C3%B3n%20de%20los%20sexos

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Union des producteurs agricoles(UPA) is a professional farmers’ union organization. Its main purpose and its action are based on values : respect for the individual, solidarity, collective action, social justice, fairness, democracy. In compliance with these values, the chief mission of the UPA is to promote, defend and develop the professional, economic, social and moral interests of Québec' s farm producers, without distinction as to race, nationality, gender, language or beliefs. In addition, in constant interaction with all of Québec society, the UPA helps improve living conditions of rural communities at the social, economic and cultural levels. Finally, the UPA recognizes that Québec agriculture exists within the context of global interactions and, consequently, that it can associate with the collective action of farm producers groups in Canada and elsewhere in the world. The Union catholique des cultivateurs(UCC) became the Union des producteurs agricoles(UPA) in 1972.  3, record 22, English, - Union%20des%20producteurs%20agricoles

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'Union des producteurs agricoles (UPA) est une organisation syndicale professionnelle, qui fonde sa raison d'être et son action sur les valeurs de respect de la personne, de solidarité, d'action collective, de justice sociale, d'équité et de démocratie. Dans le respect de ces valeurs, l'UPA a pour mission principale de promouvoir, défendre et développer les intérêts professionnels, économiques, sociaux et moraux des productrices et des producteurs agricoles et forestiers du Québec, sans distinction de race, de nationalité, de sexe, de langue et de croyance. De plus, en constante interaction avec l'ensemble de la société québécoise, l'UPA contribue à l'amélioration des conditions de vie sur le plan social, économique et culturel du milieu rural. Enfin, l'UPA reconnaît que l'agriculture et la foresterie québécoises se situent dans un contexte d'interactions mondiales et qu'en conséquence, elle peut s'associer à l'action collective des regroupements de productrices et de producteurs agricoles ou forestiers, tant au Canada qu'à l'étranger.  3, record 22, French, - Union%20des%20producteurs%20agricoles

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gender refers to the array of society-determined roles, personality traits, attitudes, behaviours, values, relative power and influence that society ascribes to the two sexes on a differential basis. "Gendered" norms influence the health system's practices and priorities. Many health issues are a function of gender-based social status or roles.  1, record 23, English, - Determinant%20of%20Health%2011%20%2D%20Gender

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Interdiscipline research practice applied for analysis of social transformations, [gender relations] and dominating system in society.  1, record 24, English, - gender%20research

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Men’s problems are also analyzed not only "women’s".  1, record 24, English, - gender%20research

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Association des femmes journalistes. Institut nordique pour les études féministes et la recherche sur le genre.  1, record 24, French, - recherche%20de%20genre

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The civil society organizations(CSOs) include a diverse range of actors such as intermediary NGOs, trade unions, cooperatives, service organizations, community groups, youth and women's organizations, academic institutions, media and church related organizations. Collaboration with CSOs within the United Nations Development Programme(UNDEP) context has centred on poverty alleviation, environmental sustainability, gender equity and the quest for new forms of governance--and the linkages between them.  1, record 25, English, - civil%20society%20organization

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Publication unilingue anglaise.  1, record 26, French, - Gender%20and%20Society

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Source(s) : Centre de documentation du Bureau de la traduction.  1, record 26, French, - Gender%20and%20Society

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish