TERMIUM Plus^®

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We examine a sample of 2301 gamma-ray bursts, detected by Konus-Wind in the triggered mode between 1994 and 2017 and localized by the interplanetary network(IPN), for evidence of gravitational lensing. We utilize all the available gamma-ray burst(GRB) data : time histories, localizations, and energy spectra. We employ common IPN techniques to find and quantify similarities in the light curves of 2, 646, 150 burst pairs, and for the pairs with significant similarities, we examine their IPN localizations to determine whether they are consistent with a common origin.  1, record 1, English, - interplanetary%20network

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Les Français ont fourni des instruments composés de détecteurs gamma à scintillation aux Russes qui s'occupaient quant à eux de la plateforme 1 du satellite. En 1977, fut lancé l'instrument Signe 2 à bord de la mission russe Prognoz 6, en orbite autour de la Terre. Par la suite, le même instrument fut lancé à bord de deux satellites jumeaux appelés Prognoz 7, constituant deux membres du réseau interplanétaire.  1, record 1, French, - r%C3%A9seau%20interplan%C3%A9taire

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

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En 1976 empezó la red interplanetaria integrada por varios satélites [que] localizaron varios destellos con errores menores a un minuto de arco por medio de triangulación.  1, record 1, Spanish, - red%20interplanetaria

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red interplanetaria: designación validada por un experto de la Comisión de Terminología, Sociedad Española de Astronomía, España.  2, record 1, Spanish, - red%20interplanetaria

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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On a larger scale, supermassive black holes have a mass of more than one million suns, and so must develop and grow very differently than stellar black holes. According to observations of intense gravitational attraction and energy in the center of galaxies... there is evidence for supermassive black holes at the heart of nearly all large galaxies, including our Milky Way.  3, record 2, English, - supermassive%20black%20hole

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Trou noir dont la masse est de l'ordre de plusieurs millions, voire de plusieurs milliards de fois celle du Soleil.  3, record 2, French, - trou%20noir%20supermassif

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Les trous noirs supermassifs sont des trous noirs géants qui ne proviennent pas de l'effondrement d'une étoile et dont les masses vont d'environ un million à plusieurs milliards de masses solaires.  4, record 2, French, - trou%20noir%20supermassif

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trou noir supermassif : désignation et définition publiées au Journal officiel de la République française le 4 juin 2019.  5, record 2, French, - trou%20noir%20supermassif

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Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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[A] hypothetical form of energy that permeates space and exerts a negative pressure, which would have gravitational effects to account for the differences between the theoretical and observational results of gravitational effects on visible matter.  2, record 3, English, - dark%20energy

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A mysterious quantity known as dark energy makes up nearly three-fourths of the universe, yet scientists are unsure not only what it is but how it operates.  3, record 3, English, - dark%20energy

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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[Forme] d'énergie hypothétique remplissant tout l'Univers et exerçant une pression négative se comportant comme une force gravitationnelle répulsive.  3, record 3, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20sombre

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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The energy of the relativistic particles of the radio sources is so great that it must also have a gravitational origin. This must be in the same gas cloud that, earlier, powered the field and through which the field lines pass, as otherwise the particles would not be injected into the field.... Furthermore, the particle acceleration mechanism must be electromagnetic rather than by stellar explosions.... A model which appears to satisfy the requirements is the magnetic rotator or spinning plasma cloud with an oblique or orthogonal magnetic field.  1, record 4, English, - magnetic%20rotator

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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Comment la nature a-t-elle «construit» un rotateur capable d'inonder si longtemps l'Univers de flots d'énergie tellement puissants [...]? L'axe du champ magnétique du rotateur-magnétoïde ne coïncide pas avec son axe de rotation (ils forment un certain angle) [...]. Pénétrant dans la zone du rayonnement du dipôle magnétique de la super-étoile, [le plasma] devient accéléré jusqu'à des vitesse proches de celle de la lumière et, freiné dans le champ magnétique, commence à émettre des ondes électromagnétiques d'une puissance fantastique.  2, record 4, French, - rotateur

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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The well-known energy balance equation for an open system or, … a control volume is as follows … Equation 1 is the First Law of Thermodynamics for a uniform-state, uniform-flow system written as a simplified energy balance with kinetic energy and gravitational potential energy neglected.  1, record 5, English, - simplified%20energy%20balance

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Le bilan énergétique simplifié (pas de pertes dans la transmission de la puissance statorique vers le rotor) d’une machine à induction aide considérablement à la compréhension.  1, record 5, French, - bilan%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique%20simplifi%C3%A9

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Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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An incoming photon of energy... entering an atomic cluster will join a partner of Opposite Parity... from one of the outermost rings of particles. The partner will be taken for a "plunge". It is compressed "in steps", while spiraling together at a gradually increasing velocity, under the influence of the gravitational field acceleration. The kernel gains energy from the gravitational field.  1, record 6, English, - gravitational%20field%20acceleration

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

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Qu'est-ce que l'état d'apesanteur? [...] Considérons : un véhicule habité So, de masse Mo, de centre d'inertie Go; un astronaute S de masse P, de centre d'inertie G à proximité immédiate de So (dedans ou dehors). On suppose qu'à un instant initial to, S et So ont même vitesse absolue et ne sont pas en interaction. On note ro(t) et r(t) = ro(t) + R(t) les rayons vecteurs des 2 mobiles. F est l'accélération du champ de gravitation au rayon ro(t).  1, record 6, French, - acc%C3%A9l%C3%A9ration%20du%20champ%20de%20gravitation

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Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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A spacecraft carrying instruments intended for use in exploration of the physical properties of outer space or celestial bodies other than Earth.  4, record 7, English, - space%20probe

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Unlike an artificial satellite, which is placed in more or less permanent orbit around the Earth, a space probe is launched with enough energy to escape the gravitational field of the Earth and navigate among the planets. Radio-transmitted commands and on-board computers provide the means for midcourse corrections in the space probe's trajectory : some advanced craft have executed complex maneuvers on command from Earth when many millions of miles away in space.... A probe may be directed to orbit a planet, to soft-land instrument packages on a planetary surface, or to fly by as close as a few thousand miles from one or more planets.  4, record 7, English, - space%20probe

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[Unmanned spacecrafts] include space and planetary probes such as Pioneer, Voyager, Galileo, Ulysses, Magellan, and Mars. Lunar orbiters (such as the Lunar Geodetic Scout) and unmanned landers (e.g., Artemis).  5, record 7, English, - space%20probe

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Deep space probe.  6, record 7, English, - space%20probe

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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[...] vaisseau non habité envoyé par l'Homme pour explorer le système solaire [...].  3, record 7, French, - sonde%20spatiale

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Certaines sondes sont destinées à être mises en orbite autour d'autres planètes ou satellites.  3, record 7, French, - sonde%20spatiale

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Ingenio lanzado con objeto de que explore automáticamente el espacio interplanetario, sobrevuele algún astro o aterrice en él para tomar fotografías, efectuar mediciones relativas a su atmósfera, analizar su suelo, o proceder a otras misiones científicas.  1, record 7, Spanish, - sonda%20espacial

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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... scientists must determine whether Earth’s energy budget is in balance. That is, over the course of a year, does the amount of solar energy entering the climate system equal the total amount of energy that is escaping back into space? ... portion of the sunlight that reaches Earth is absorbed into the system, while some of the light is reflected by our planet back into space. Some of the sunlight that gets absorbed is converted to heat and later emitted by the surface and atmosphere back up into space. ... Regions of positive net radiation indicate areas of energy surplus in the Earth system (i.e., green regions over the tropics) and areas of negative net radiation signify regions of energy deficit (such as blue regions over high latitudes and the poles).  2, record 8, English, - internal%20energy%20deficit

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Understands basic features of the Earth. Level IV... knows the major external and internal sources of energy on Earth(e. g., the Sun is the major external source of energy; the decay of radioactive isotopes and gravitational energy from the Earth's original formation are primary sources of internal energy).  3, record 8, English, - internal%20energy%20deficit

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lors d'éruptions [volcaniques] majeures, les cendres injectées dans l'atmosphère, ainsi que les aérosols formés, induisent des perturbations climatiques majeures susceptibles d'affecter l'ensemble de la planète. En effet, cendres et aérosols absorbent les radiations solaires et les réfléchissent dans l'espace, ce qui provoque un déficit d'énergie reçue par la Terre. La température globale moyenne peut alors chuter de quelques dixièmes de degrés, voire de quelques degrés en cas d'éruptions très violentes.  2, record 8, French, - d%C3%A9ficit%20d%27%C3%A9nergie%20interne

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

[...] les échanges de chaleur entre océan et atmosphère se font en grande partie sous forme de transfert de chaleur latente, lorsque l'eau de l'océan s'évapore, puis se condense dans l'atmosphère. [...] Ces transferts affectent d'une part l'océan [...] Ils affectent aussi l'atmosphère, puisque la condensation de la vapeur d'eau est une source d'énergie interne de l'atmosphère, et que la vapeur d'eau comme les nuages produisent un effet de serre, et modifient les transferts de rayonnement dans l'atmosphère.  3, record 8, French, - d%C3%A9ficit%20d%27%C3%A9nergie%20interne

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Convection caused by mechanical forces, such as those arising from air motion over a rough or sloping surface.  2, record 10, English, - forced%20convection

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Convection... is a principal means of energy transfer. Distinction is made between free convection(gravitational or buoyant convection), motion caused only by density differences within the fluid; and forced convection, motion induced by mechanical forces such as deflection by a large-scale surface irregularity, turbulent flow caused by friction at the boundary of a fluid, or motion caused by any applied pressure gradient. Free and forced convection are not necessarily exclusive processes. On a windy day with overcast sky, the heat exchange between ground and air is an example of forced convection. On a sunny day with a little wind where the ground temperature rises, both kinds of convection take place.  3, record 10, English, - forced%20convection

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Convection d'une masse d'air causée par des forces mécaniques extérieures au système considéré.  2, record 10, French, - convection%20forc%C3%A9e

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Convección producida por fuerzas mecánicas tales como las debidas al movimiento del aire sobre una superficie rugosa o una pendiente.  1, record 10, Spanish, - convecci%C3%B3n%20forzada

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Convection caused by density differences within the air.  3, record 11, English, - free%20convection

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Free convection is the rising of heated air and the sinking of cooler air without the need of external forces.  4, record 11, English, - free%20convection

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Convection... is a principal means of energy transfer. Distinction is made between free convection(gravitational or buoyant convection), motion caused only by density differences within the fluid; and forced convection, motion induced by mechanical forces such as deflection by a large-scale surface irregularity, turbulent flow caused by friction at the boundary of a fluid, or motion caused by any applied pressure gradient. Free and forced convection are not necessarily exclusive processes. On a windy day with overcast sky, the heat exchange between ground and air is an example of forced convection. On a sunny day with a little wind where the ground temperature rises, both kinds of convection take place.  5, record 11, English, - free%20convection

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Convection provoquée par des différences de densité de l'air.  1, record 11, French, - convection%20libre

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[La] convection naturelle [...] est causée par le réchauffement diurne de la surface terrestre, résultant souvent en la formation de nuages Cumulus.  2, record 11, French, - convection%20libre

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Convección producida por diferencias de densidad dentro del aire.  1, record 11, Spanish, - convecci%C3%B3n%20libre

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... ability of water to do work. i.e. Move from one location to another.  2, record 12, English, - total%20water%20potential

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Water Potential is defined as the potential energy of water per unit mass of water in the system. The total water potential of a sample is the sum of four component potentials :gravitational, matric, osmotic, and pressure. Gravitational potential depends on the position of the water in a gravitational field. Matric potential depends on the adsorptive forces binding water to a matrix. Osmotic potential depends on the concentration of dissolved substance in the water. Pressure potential depends on the hydrostatic or pneumatic pressure on the water.  3, record 12, English, - total%20water%20potential

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Total water potential = matric potential + osmotic potential + gravitational potential ...  4, record 12, English, - total%20water%20potential

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Pure water has a potential of 0 by definition.  2, record 12, English, - total%20water%20potential

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

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Le potentiel total, somme en chaque point de tous les potentiels énumérés ci-dessous. [...] - le potentiel pascalien ou hydrostatique [...]; - le potentiel capillaire [...]; - le potentiel d'adhésion [...]; - le potentiel gravitationnel [...]; - le potentiel matriciel [...]  1, record 12, French, - potentiel%20hydrique%20total

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le plus souvent l'eau se déplace : infiltration dans le sol après une pluie ou une irrigation, percolation en profondeur jusqu'à la nappe, déplacement de l'eau de la nappe, vers une source ou des drains, remontées capillaires jusqu'à la surface évaporante ou la zone de succion racinaire, flux liquide du sol jusqu'au feuilles. Ces transferts sont dus à des différences de potentiel hydrique total.  1, record 12, French, - potentiel%20hydrique%20total

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Unit of kinetic energy equal to the work required to raise one kilogram to a height of one metre against normal gravitational force.  1, record 13, English, - kilogram%2Dmetre

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Unité d'énergie cinétique équivalant au travail requis pour soulever un kilogramme à la hauteur d'un mètre, la force de gravité étant normale.  1, record 13, French, - kilogramm%C3%A8tre

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

kilogrammètre : terme et définition uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de terminologie des armes légères.  2, record 13, French, - kilogramm%C3%A8tre

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

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A unit of energy or work in a meter-kilogram-second gravitational system, equal to the work done by a kilogram-force when the point at which the force is applied is displaced 1 meter in the direction of the force; equal to 9. 80665 joules.  2, record 14, English, - meter%2Dkilogram

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Torque is measured in foot-pounds, joules, meter-kilograms, etc.  4, record 14, English, - meter%2Dkilogram

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

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Dans le cas des unités composées par multiplication (p. ex. kilogramme-mètre, ampère-heure), chacun des mots prend la marque du pluriel.  3, record 14, French, - kilogramm%C3%A8tre

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Unidad de trabajo mecánico o esfuerzo capaz de levantar un kilogramo a un metro de altura.  1, record 14, Spanish, - kilogr%C3%A1metro

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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erupting prominences. Although prominence equilibria are maintained on a long period of time, many quiescent prominences do ultimately erupt in a dramatic event lasting only a few hours. Incredibly, the eruption always occurs outwards, away from the surface, indicating that the magnetic field which originally supported the prominence has suddenly released its stored energy. This energy release is sufficient to drive the dense plasma outwards against the Sun's huge gravitational pull. After the eruption, most of the material does eventually fall back down towards the surface and the prominence will often reform again at the same location over the course of a few days.  2, record 15, English, - eruptive%20prominence

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

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[...] protubérance de très courte durée (de quelques minutes à quelques secondes), associée à une éruption. Elle présente parfois des éjections de matière à une vitesse supérieure à la vitesse de libération.  3, record 15, French, - protub%C3%A9rance%20solaire%20%C3%A9ruptive

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

protubérance solaire : elle est dite de type éruptive lorsqu'elle peut s'élever à plusieurs rayons solaires.  1, record 15, French, - protub%C3%A9rance%20solaire%20%C3%A9ruptive

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Protubérances quiescentes, lentes et relativement basses. Protubérances éruptives (plus de 100000 km de hauteur).  4, record 15, French, - protub%C3%A9rance%20solaire%20%C3%A9ruptive

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Record 16,  Textual support,  English

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Microquasars are thought to be binary-star systems with one of the stars either a superdense neutron star or a black hole. They emit X-rays and eject jets of subatomic particles at speeds approaching that of light.  2, record 16, English, - microquasar

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Though the neutron stars or black holes in microquasars are only a few times the mass of the sun, the phenomena associated with them, such as the jets, are similar to those seen in active galaxies and quasars, believed to be powered by the gravitational energy of black holes with millions of times the mass of the sun. As such, the microquasars provide much closer "laboratories" for study of these phenomena, which remain poorly understood.  2, record 16, English, - microquasar

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Stellar microquasar.  3, record 16, English, - microquasar

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

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[...] les microquasars dus à des trous noirs [...] [ont] quelques masses solaires seulement. Ces microquasars sont identifiés par leur émission dans le domaine des rayonnements X dur et gamma et des jets relativistes mis en évidence par leur émission dans le domaine radiométrique.  1, record 16, French, - microquasar

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[La] structure du microquasar découvert au centre de la Galaxie [...] [comporte] son disque d'accrétion, le nuage moléculaire source de matière, le trou soir «moteur» et [...] deux jets.  1, record 16, French, - microquasar

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Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The value of the radius of a collapsing celestial body beyond which gravitational forces are so strong that they prevent the escape of matter and energy with the result that the body becomes a "black hole".  1, record 17, English, - Schwartzschild%20radius

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

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Energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position in the Earth's gravitational field.  1, record 18, English, - potential%20energy

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It is measured by the work needed to lift the body from an arbitrary standard level, normally mean sea level, to its given position.  1, record 18, English, - potential%20energy

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Énergie qu'un corps possède du fait de sa position dans le champ gravitationnel de la Terre.  1, record 18, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20potentielle

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On la [énergie] mesure par le travail nécessaire pour élever le corps d'un niveau de base arbitraire, normalement le niveau moyen de la mer, à la position qu'il occupe.  1, record 18, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20potentielle

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Energía que posee un cuerpo debido a su posición en el campo gravitatorio de la Tierra.  1, record 18, Spanish, - energ%C3%ADa%20potencial

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Se mide por el trabajo necesario para levantar el cuerpo desde un nivel normalizado arbitrario, normalmente el nivel medio del mar, hasta la posición que ocupa.  1, record 18, Spanish, - energ%C3%ADa%20potencial

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Unit of kinetic energy equal to the work required to raise one pound to a height of one foot against normal gravitational force.  1, record 19, English, - foot%2Dpound

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Term and definition officialized by the Small Arms Terminology Working Group.  2, record 19, English, - foot%2Dpound

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Unité d'énergie cinétique équivalant au travail requis pour soulever une livre à la hauteur d'un pied, la force de gravité étant normale.  1, record 19, French, - pied%2Dlivre

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme et définition uniformisés par le Groupe de travail de terminologie des armes légères.  2, record 19, French, - pied%2Dlivre

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The fainter redder stars, whose colours correspond to spectral classes G, K, and M, all fall above the main sequence defined by normal dwarf stars. Presumably, they are contracting toward the main sequence, shining mostly by liberation of gravitational energy;...  2, record 20, English, - gravitational%20energy

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

D'abord elle tend à maintenir sa luminosité constante, et puisqu'il n'y a plus suffisamment d'hydrogène comme combustible pour pourvoir à ce débit d'énergie nécessaire, l'étoile va le produire à partir de son énergie gravitationnelle par une nouvelle contraction.  1, record 20, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20gravitationnelle

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

We despread support has(...) been forthcoming for Urey's theory of cold accretion from a primordial dust cloud, each of the planets having evolved into discrete bodies as increasing gravitational energy progressively drew the particles together.  1, record 21, English, - Urey%26rsquo%3Bs%20theory%20of%20cold%20accretion

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'hypothèse de UREY, plus récente, peut être résumée ainsi: le Soleil est né d'un globule, condensation de matières d'abord à très basse température et s'échauffant en se contractant, jusqu'à une température telle que les réactions thermonucléaires peuvent s'amorcer au centre. Une partie faible (1/10) a échappé à la condensation et l'ensemble a la forme d'un disque aplati de dimensions égales à celles du système solaire actuel. La rotation du disque fait se réunir les poussières en masses d'autant plus grosses qu'on est davantage vers l'extérieur du disque: d'où la différence en petites et grosses planètes. Les planètes se seraient ainsi formées "à froid", le noyau chaud ne se formant qu'ultérieurement, par chocs et radioactivité.  1, record 21, French, - hypoth%C3%A8se%20de%20Urey

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish