TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A toxicity test in which the greater part ([more than] 95%) of the test solution is replaced batchwise only after relatively prolonged intervals, for example 12 h or 24 h.  3, record 1, English, - semi%2Dstatic%20toxicity%20test

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

It can also be a toxicity test in which the organism is transferred at periodic intervals(usually every 24 h) to a new solution of the substance at the same concentration as the initial concentration.  3, record 1, English, - semi%2Dstatic%20toxicity%20test

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

semi-static toxicity test; toxicity test with intermittent renewal: designations and definition standardized by ISO.  4, record 1, English, - semi%2Dstatic%20toxicity%20test

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Essai de toxicité au cours duquel la plus grande partie ([supérieur à] 95 %) de la solution d'essai est renouvelée à intervalles de temps relativement longs, par exemple, 12 h ou 24 h.  1, record 1, French, - essai%20semi%2Dstatique%20de%20toxicit%C3%A9

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il peut également s'agir d'un essai de toxicité au cours duquel l'organisme est transféré à intervalles réguliers (généralement toutes les 24 h) dans une nouvelle solution dont la concentration en substance est identique à la concentration initiale.  1, record 1, French, - essai%20semi%2Dstatique%20de%20toxicit%C3%A9

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

essai semi-statique de toxicité; essai de toxicité avec renouvellement périodique : désignations et définition normalisées par l'ISO.  3, record 1, French, - essai%20semi%2Dstatique%20de%20toxicit%C3%A9

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensayo de toxicidad en el curso del cual la mayor parte ([superior a] 95 %) de la solución de ensayo se renueva sólo después de intervalos relativamente prolongados, por ejemplo 12 h o 24 h [...]  1, record 1, Spanish, - ensayo%20semiest%C3%A1tico%20de%20toxicidad

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[También puede referirse a un ensayo] en el que el organismo se transfiere a intervalos regulares (generalmente cada 24 h) a una nueva solución de ensayo con una concentración idéntica a la concentración inicial.  1, record 1, Spanish, - ensayo%20semiest%C3%A1tico%20de%20toxicidad

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because of significant advantages, the kraft process has become established as the world's dominant pulping method. Nonetheless, the process also has some severe shortcomings.... Two add-on technologies date from pre-1970, the polysulfide process(used commercially on a limited basis) and the H_2</sub>S pretreatment process(demonstrated at the pilot plant level). Both methods are successful in providing significant increases in pulp yield, up to 7 % on dry wood. Unfortunately, both methods are associated with increased concentration of sulfur in the chemical cycle, which exacerbates the odor problem. Additionally, both methods require further processing steps that increase the capital and operating costs of the pulp mill.  1, record 2, English, - H2S%20pretreatment

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

H2S should read H₂S.  2, record 2, English, - H2S%20pretreatment

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La place prédominante qu'occupe le procédé kraft parmi les méthodes de mise en pâte utilisées dans le monde témoigne bien du nombre d'avantages marqués qu'il offre. Le procédé comporte néanmoins de graves inconvénients [...] La plupart des modifications proposées visent l'obtention d'une meilleure rétention des hydrates de carbone par une stabilisation des monomères de bouts de chaîne des polymères de la cellulose et des hémicelluloses [...] Deux méthodes bien connues, le procédé au polysulfure et le pré-traitement au H₂S, assurent une amélioration marquée du rendement en pâte, mais elles ont malheureusement pour inconvénient d'entraîner une augmentation de la concentration de soufre dans le cycle chimique et donc, d'aggraver le problème causé par les mauvaises odeurs.  2, record 2, French, - pr%C3%A9traitement%20au%20H2S

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Determine the mortality rates and calculate where possible the LC50-6 h cumulative value; this concentration, known as LC50-6 h cumulative, is expressed in mg/l air per day(mg. 1[ superscript-1]. d[ superscript-1].  3, record 3, English, - lethal%20concentration%2050%2D6%20h%20cumulative

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

LC₅₀.  4, record 3, English, - lethal%20concentration%2050%2D6%20h%20cumulative

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

NF T03-052: Determination of cumulative acute toxicity in the rat.  4, record 3, English, - lethal%20concentration%2050%2D6%20h%20cumulative

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Établir les tableaux des mortalités et calculer, lorsque cela est possible, la CL50-6 heures cumulée; cette concentration appelée CL50-6h-cumulée est exprimée en milligrammes par litre d'air et par jour [...]  1, record 3, French, - concentration%20l%C3%A9tale%2050%20%25%20%2D%206%20heures%20cumul%C3%A9e

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Voir fiche «DL 50 cumulée».  3, record 3, French, - concentration%20l%C3%A9tale%2050%20%25%20%2D%206%20heures%20cumul%C3%A9e

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 OBS

CL₅₀ et TL₅₀.  3, record 3, French, - concentration%20l%C3%A9tale%2050%20%25%20%2D%206%20heures%20cumul%C3%A9e

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the concentration of a substance in water and in the air directly above; Henry's Law constants can be calculated by :H=16 PM/TS where H is the Henry's Law constant, P is the partial pressure(mm Hg), M is the molecular weight, T is the temperature(degrees Kelvin) and S is the solubility(ppm).  1, record 4, English, - Henry%26rsquo%3Bs%20Law%20constant

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport de la teneur en une substance de l'eau à la teneur de l'air en cette substance directement au-dessus de la surface; on peut calculer cette constante à l'aide de l'équation suivante : H = 16 P_pM/TS dans laquelle H est la constante de la loi d'Henry, P_p est la pression partielle (en mm de Hg), M est la masse moléculaire, T est la température absolue (en degrés Kelvin) et S est la solubilité (en ppm).  1, record 4, French, - constante%20de%20la%20loi%20d%27Henry

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La solubilidad de un gas disminuye al aumentar la temperatura y es directamente proporcional a la presión del gas sobre el líquido. Esta relación entre la presión y la solubilidad de un gas se conoce como la ley de Henry, la cual puede enunciarse matemáticamente como C = kP, en donde C es la concentración del gas en la solución, P la presión del gas (en general, su presión parcial) sobre la solución y k es una constante de proporcionalidad, conocida como constante de la ley de Henry.  1, record 4, Spanish, - constante%20de%20la%20ley%20de%20Henry

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An instrument that is particularly powerful for local concentration or distribution measurements of light elements(e. g., H, D, T, Li, B, C, N, O, F, etc.) by nuclear reaction analysis(NRA) and simultaneously for heavy elements(Z ≤ 11) by Rutherford back-scattering spectrometry(RBS) or particle-induced x-ray emission(PIXE) in solids(geological samples, glasses, metals, etc.) with high sensitivity.  1, record 5, English, - nuclear%20microprobe

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cet instrument est idéal pour déterminer précisément la distribution de traces chimiques variées à l'intérieur d'un matériau [...] Il comporte un accélérateur électrostatique [...] À l'aide d'une tension électrique pouvant aller jusqu'à 4 millions de volts, celui-ci confère une énorme énergie cinétique à des ions hélium ou hydrogène. Un système comprenant des tubes sous vide, diverses bobines magnétiques et autres lentilles électrostatiques sert à convoyer et préparer le faisceau d'ions. Celui-ci, d'une surface de l'ordre du micromètre carré, est dirigé vers l'échantillon dont il faut analyser la composition.  2, record 5, French, - microsonde%20nucl%C3%A9aire

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The minimum time during which meaningful differences in results can be determined (using a particular model). (For example, models using upper air data which are only available every six hours are limited in their temporal resolution to about 6 hours.).  3, record 6, English, - temporal%20resolution

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Long-term(1 year) deposition and concentration patterns can be estimated reasonably well, whereas agreement between calculated and observed daily concentrations is more variable. The estimates of long-term deposition patterns over Europe obtained from models with a statistical description of the transport resemble those obtained from models with finer(6 h) time resolution.  4, record 6, English, - temporal%20resolution

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

time resolution: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  5, record 6, English, - temporal%20resolution

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le choix d'une résolution dans le temps de 2 heures est optimum pour apprécier des variations significatives des concentrations en soufre, une résolution de moindre qualité (c.-à-d. un temps d'échantillonnage plus grand) pouvant conduire par «effet de moyenne» à masquer des phénomènes qualitativement et qualitativement importants.  3, record 6, French, - r%C3%A9solution%20dans%20le%20temps

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

résolution : aptitude à mesurer une petit e valeur d'une grandeur physique. Cette valeur elle-même.  4, record 6, French, - r%C3%A9solution%20dans%20le%20temps

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 OBS

résolution dans le temps; résolution temporelle : termes en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  5, record 6, French, - r%C3%A9solution%20dans%20le%20temps

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Logarithm of the reciprocal of the hydrogen-ion concentration in a solution(-log_{10sub>[H^+</sup>]) used as a measure of the degree of acidity or alkalinity of this solution.  3, record 7, English, - pH}

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Roughly, pH can be divided into the following ranges: pH 0-2: Strongly acidic; pH 3-5: Weakly acidic; pH 6-8: Neutral; pH 9-11: Weakly basic; pH 12-14: Strongly basic. Under the Controlled Products Regulations, materials with pH values of 0-2 or 11.5-14 may be classified corrosive.  4, record 7, English, - pH

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A pH of 7 is regarded as neutral (pure water), a pH less than 7 corresponds to an acid solution and a pH greater than 7 corresponds to an alkaline solution.  3, record 7, English, - pH

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

It should be noted that the pH scale is a logarithmic scale; a substance with a pH of 4 is more than twice as acid as a substance with a pH of 5. Similarly, a substance with a pH of 9 is much more than twice as alkaline as a substance with a pH of 8.  5, record 7, English, - pH

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 PHR

pH buffer solution, control, decline, diagram, electrode, gradient, indicator, limit, measurement, meter, modifier, probe, range, scale, unit, value.  6, record 7, English, - pH

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Indice exprimant l'activité (ou la concentration) de l'ion hydrogène dans une solution à l'aide d'une échelle logarithmique.  5, record 7, French, - pH

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Si le pH est inférieur à 7, la solution est acide; s'il est supérieur, elle est alcaline.  5, record 7, French, - pH

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 PHR

valeur de pH.  6, record 7, French, - pH

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cologaritmo de la concentración de iones hidrógeno en una solución (-log₁₀[H⁺]) utilizado como medida del grado de acidez o alcalinidad de esta solución.  3, record 7, Spanish, - pH

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un pH de 7 se considera neutro (agua pura), un pH inferior a 7 corresponde a una solución ácida y un pH superior a 7 a una solución alcalina.  3, record 7, Spanish, - pH

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 PHR

valor de pH.  4, record 7, Spanish, - pH

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A blood-group antigen related to the ABO and Lewis blood groups. It is the precursor substance on which the products of the A and B blood-group genes act to produce the A and B antigens(or substance). H antigen is present on nearly all human erythrocytes and is found at the highest concentration on those of blood group O.  1, record 8, English, - H%20antigen

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Antigène des groupes sanguins retrouvé sur les érythrocytes, la salive et d'autres tissus.  1, record 8, French, - antig%C3%A8ne%20H

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A solution to which moderate amounts of either a strong acid or base may be added without causing any large change in the pH value of the solution. Such solutions usually contain (a) a weak acid and a salt of the weak acid, (b) a mixture of an acid salt with the normal salt, or (c) a mixture of two acid salts.  5, record 9, English, - buffer%20solution

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For many situations, it is desirable to maintain the H+ and OH-concentration of a water solution at low and constant values. A useful device for this is a mixture of weak acid and its anion(or of a weak base and its cation). Such a mixture is called buffer.  6, record 9, English, - buffer%20solution

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mélange de solutions dont le pH ne s'altère pratiquement pas au cours d'une dilution. On prend généralement le mélange d'un acide fort (ou d'une base forte) avec un sel organique. Toute variation du pH y provoque une réaction tendant à restaurer l'équilibre primitif.  4, record 9, French, - tampon

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pluriel : des solutions tampons (d'après le Dictionnaire de la chimie de Duval, 1978, p. 985).  5, record 9, French, - tampon

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Aquella cuyo pH se mantiene casi constante al añadir una cantidad moderada de un ácido o de una base.  2, record 9, Spanish, - soluci%C3%B3n%20amortiguadora

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

EC; effect concentration: This [toxicological value] is generally followed by a number, which indicates the percentage of a population which experience the effect.  2, record 10, English, - effect%20concentration

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Typical levels are EC 10, EC 25, EC 50, EC 75, EC 100. NOEC: No observable effect concentration; LOEC: Lowest observable effect concentration.  3, record 10, English, - effect%20concentration

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Developing Hormosira banksii embryos, used as bioassays in toxicity studies, identified ammonium as a toxicant in secondary treated sewage effluent discharged at Boags Rocks, Victoria, Australia. Ammonium did not affect fertilization but had a significant effect on germination at 48 h and cell division at 72 h with most damage occurring in the first 48 h. Ammonium showed a similar effect as whole effluent(when expressed as mg N l^-1 ammonium), sampled in June, September and November 1997, on developing H. banksii embryos. This similarity is further confirmed with comparable EC₅₀(concentration causing an effect on 50% of the population tested) and LOEC(lowest observable effect concentration) values. Mean EC₅₀ values for the ammonium bioassays were 3. 19 mg N l^-1 for germination and 6. 14 mg N l^-1 for cell division.  4, record 10, English, - effect%20concentration

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Effect concentration low (ECL), median effect concentration (EC50), lowest observable effect concentration (LOEC), no-observed-effect concentration (NOEC), threshold effect concentration (TEC).  5, record 10, English, - effect%20concentration

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Concentration entraînant un effet à long terme.  2, record 10, French, - concentration%20effective

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Concentration minimale produisant un effet.  3, record 10, French, - concentration%20effective

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Évaluation du rapport dose (concentration)-réponse (effet). L'objectif est de déterminer la concentration en dessous de laquelle la substance ne devrait pas avoir d'effets indésirables sur la composante de l'environnement considérée. Cette concentration est dénommée concentration prévue sans effet (PNEC). Toutefois, il se peut que dans certains cas il ne soit pas possible d'établir une PNEC et il faut alors effectuer une estimation qualitative de la relation dose (concentration)-réponse (effet). Pour calculer la PNEC, on peut appliquer un facteur d'évaluation aux valeurs provenant des essais effectués sur les organismes, par exemple à la DL50 (dose létale médiane), à la CL50 (concentration létale médiane), à la CE50 (concentration effective médiane), à la CI50 (concentration provoquant cinquante pour cent d'inhibition d'un paramètre donné, par exemple la croissance), au NOEL(C) (dose (concentration) sans effet observé), au LOEL(C) (dose (concentration) entraînant l'effet observé le plus faible) ou d'autres méthodes appropriées.  4, record 10, French, - concentration%20effective

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Isotope that has a higher atomic weight than the usual (i.e. most abundant) natural isotope.  1, record 11, English, - heavy%20isotope

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Studies of metabolism, drug utilization, and other reactions in living organisms are best done with stable isotopes like¹³C, ¹⁵N, ¹⁸O, and^{2sup>H. Compounds are tagged by introducing a high concentration of the isotope into the molecular structure, and the metabolized products are studied using the mass spectrometer to measure the altered isotopic ratios.  3, record 11, English, - heavy%20isotope}

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Catégorie d'atomes contenant un nombre de neutrons supérieur à la normale et donc plus denses que l'isotope communément observé (par exemple¹⁵N et¹³C).  1, record 11, French, - isotope%20lourd

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... containing little or no sulfur ...  2, record 12, English, - sweet

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 DEF

Free from malodorous sulfur compounds (as hydrogen sulfide or mercaptans - used especially of natural gas, petroleum and petroleum distillates (gas or oil is sour or sweet).  3, record 12, English, - sweet

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

There is no H_2</sub>S detectable when referring to air or the H_2</sub>S concentration is less than 1 p. p. m. when referring to a liquid such as water or oil.  4, record 12, English, - sweet

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

De nombreux procédés sont utilisés pour éliminer le H₂S et les mercaptans légers des carburants, lesquels sont qualifiés d'adoucis quand leur teneur en soufre ne dépasse plus 0,1 p. 100.  4, record 12, French, - peu%20sulfur%C3%A9

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Gaz naturel non corrosif.  1, record 12, French, - peu%20sulfur%C3%A9

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Pétrole brut peu sulfuré.  1, record 12, French, - peu%20sulfur%C3%A9

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 4 CONT

Distillat adouci.  1, record 12, French, - peu%20sulfur%C3%A9

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 5 CONT

Distillat sans soufre.  1, record 12, French, - peu%20sulfur%C3%A9

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The normality of a solution with respect to hydrogen ions, related to acidity measurements.  3, record 13, English, - hydrogen%2Dion%20concentration

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... in a neutral water solution each ion would have a concentration of 1 x 10^-7 mole/liter. Whether a solution is acidic or basic depends upon the relative concentrations of the two ions. In an acid solution, the hydrogen-ion concentration is greater than 1 x 10^-7 mole/liter.  1, record 13, English, - hydrogen%2Dion%20concentration

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si les concentrations sont exprimées en moles par litre, à 25 °C, le produit (H+) (OH-) est égal à 1x10^-14. [...] Cette constatation amena [...] Sorensen à proposer, en 1909, l'utilisation d'une échelle logarithmique dite de «pH» pour la concentration des ions d'hydrogène dans l'eau. [...] Les valeurs du pH de 0 à 14 recouvrent alors l'intervalle des solutions fortement acides aux solutions fortement basiques.  1, record 13, French, - concentration%20des%20ions%20d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En chimie, une concentration s'indique par la mise entre crochets du corps concentré en question; par exemple [H+] désigne une concentration d'ions hydrogène.  7, record 13, French, - concentration%20des%20ions%20d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

C_H.  7, record 13, French, - concentration%20des%20ions%20d%27hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Concentración de ion hidrógeno en miliequivalentes por litro de solución, que generalmente se expresa en unidades de pH.  1, record 13, Spanish, - concentraci%C3%B3n%20de%20ion%20hidr%C3%B3geno

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[For a vapour released continuously from a point source at a constant rate the concentration at a point, x, y, z downwind of the source at height h, is given by the following Gaussian Plume equation] where x=downwind distance, y=vertical distance, z=vertical distance....  3, record 14, English, - downwind%20distance

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Manuel d'introduction, 5.3.2.3.  2, record 14, French, - distance%20sous%20le%20vent

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Nuisances dues aux activités urbaines, p. 110/14; La pollution atmosphérique, Détrie, p. 208.  2, record 14, French, - distance%20sous%20le%20vent

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Miscible hydrocarbon displacement.... g is gravitational acceleration, h is height above a datum, k is local permeability, u is viscosity, e is volume concentration of solvent, x and y are distances and kx and ky are the dispersivities in the x and y directions, respectively.... the first two terms in Equation 2 represent the dispersion.  1, record 15, English, - dispersivity

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... the function H expresses the variation of the relative viscosity of a monodispersed suspension, as a function of its solid concentration.  1, record 16, English, - monodispersed%20suspension

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] fonction exprimant la variation de la viscosité relative d'une suspension unimodale en fonction de sa concentration.  1, record 16, French, - suspension%20unimodale

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because of significant advantages, the kraft process has become established as the world's dominant pulping method. Nonetheless, the process also has some severe shortcomings.... Two add-on technologies date from pre-1970, the polysulfide process(used commercially on a limited basis) and the H_2</sub>S pretreatment process(demonstrated at the pilot plant level). Both methods are successful in providing significant increases in pulp yield, up to 7% on dry wood. Unfortunately, both methods are associated with increased concentration of sulfur in the chemical cycle, which exacerbates the odor problem. Additionally, both methods require further processing steps that increase the capital and operating costs of the pulp mill.  1, record 17, English, - polysulfide%20process

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La place prédominante qu'occupe le procédé kraft parmi les méthodes de mise en pâte utilisées dans le monde témoigne bien du nombre d'avantages marqués qu'il offre. Le procédé comporte néanmoins de graves inconvénients (...) La plupart des modifications proposées visent l'obtention d'une meilleure rétention des hydrates de carbone par une stabilisation des monomères de bouts de chaîne des polymères de la cellulose et des hémicelluloses (...) Deux méthodes bien connues, le procédé au polysulfure et le pré-traitement au H₂S, assurent une amélioration marquée du rendement en pâte, mais elles ont malheureusement pour inconvénient d'entraîner une augmentation de la concentration de soufre dans le cycle chimique et donc, d'aggraver le problème causé par les mauvaises odeurs.  1, record 17, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20au%20polysulfure

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Specific-acid and specific-base catalysis are defined as rate enhancements proportional only to the concentration of H^+</sup> or OH^- ions, respectively. General-acid and general-base catalysis are rate enhancements that are proportional to the concentration of general acids and general bases, i. e., proton donors and proton acceptors, respectively, as defined by J. N. Bronsted and T. M. Lowry.  1, record 18, English, - general%2Dbase%20catalysis

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quand la vitesse de la réaction catalysée dépend directement de la propriété "donneur" ou "accepteur" de proton du catalyseur, on dit, qu'il s'agit de réactions à catalyse-acide ou catalyse-basique respectivement. Quand une variété d'acides ou de bases peut agir catalytiquement dans une réaction donnée, on dit qu'il s'agit d'une catalyse générale acide ou d'une catalyse générale basique.  1, record 18, French, - catalyse%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rale%20basique

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Plume [dispersion model]. For a vapour released continuously from a point source at a constant rate, the concentration at a point x, y, z downwind of the source at height h, is given by the following Gaussian Plume equation :... where xyz=crosswind and vertical standard deviations of Gaussian concentration profile.  2, record 19, English, - Gaussian%20concentration%20profile

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque l'effet de réflexion sur le sol intervient, l'hypothèse d'une source image fictive implique qu'il n'y a pas d'absorption à la surface du sol et que la réflexion du panache est parfaite. De même cette formule ne tient pas compte des réactions chimiques possibles dans l'atmosphère. En outre, comme elle traduit une répartition Gaussienne [sic] des concentrations sur les axes transversaux, cette dernière ne devient significative que pour des temps d'intégration suffisants, compris entre 10 et 20 minutes selon la structure de la turbulence; mais il est évident que seule une valeur intégrée est biologiquement utilisable et que la connaissance de pointes extrêmes de concentrations ne présenterait pas en principe d'intérêt. Toutefois, avec l'accroissement des puissances d'émission on observe parfois, en atmosphère neutre surmontée d'une inversion, des arrivées de panache au sol même, à proche distance de la cheminée, pendant des durées non négligeables, et d'autant plus dangereuses que les puissances d'émission sont alors considérables.  1, record 19, French, - r%C3%A9partition%20gaussienne%20des%20concentrations

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Pollutant dispersion modelling. ] Plume model. For a vapour released continuously from a point source at a constant rate, the concentration at a point downwind of the source at height h, is given by the following Gaussian plume...  2, record 20, English, - Gaussian%20diffusion%20equation

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Modèle de panache. Dans le cas de vapeurs émises de façon continue à débit constant par [...] [une source] située à une hauteur h, la teneur au point x, y, z sous le vent par rapport à la source est donnée par l'équation gaussienne suivante représentant un panache [...]  3, record 20, French, - %C3%A9quation%20gaussienne%20de%20diffusion

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Coulometric techniques. SO₂ can be detected by measuring the current necessary to maintain an equilibrium concentration of potassium bromide and bromine in an H_2</sub>SO₄ solution. As SO₂ is absorbed the bromine concentration will decrease and a current to an electrode is monitored for how much bromine need to be produced to restore the original concentration balance. Sensitivity is adequate for most urban and industrial applications; however, for background rural sampling, the device has been replaced by the next detector.  2, record 21, English, - coulometric%20technique

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A number of the ecological factors thought to influence the development of the micro-flora of vacuum-packaged beef were examined(0(subscript) 2 CO2 within the vacuum-package was found to be less important than 0(subscript) 2 concentration in producing a lactic flora. The inhibitory effects of lactic organisms in mixed culture were also studies. Finally, a representative selection of lactic organisms from vacuum-packaged beef was surveyed for their ability to cause proteolysis, lipolysis, dextran production and H(subscript) 2O(subscript) 2 production. Results suggested that a significant proportion were potential spoilers.  2, record 22, English, - spoiler

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Example taken from the FSTA data base.  2, record 22, English, - spoiler

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The potential is high for widespread environmental degradation, from acid rain and other pollutant deposition, because hydrogen ion concentration(acid, H+) in the aquatic environment is a critical factor controlling most chemical reactions.  1, record 23, English, - pollutant%20deposition

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les précipitations n'ont sans doute qu'une influence faible sur l'extension de la pollution atmosphérique. Nous connaissons mal leur rôle sur les retombées des polluants au sol.  1, record 23, French, - retomb%C3%A9es%20des%20polluants

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For a vapour released continuously from a point source at a constant rate the concentration at a point, x, y, z downwind of the source at height h, is given by the following Gaussian Plume equation... where C=concentration of vapour... U=wind speed... X=downwind distance... y=crosswind distance... z=vertical distance....  1, record 24, English, - crosswind%20distance

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Nuisances dues aux activités urbaines, p. 108/12.  1, record 24, French, - distance%20transversale%20%C3%A0%20la%20direction%20du%20vent

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 OBS

"distance latérale" : Chovin et Roussel, 1978, p. 17.  1, record 24, French, - distance%20transversale%20%C3%A0%20la%20direction%20du%20vent

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For a vapour released continuously from a point source at a constant rate the concentration at a point, x, y, z downwind of the source at height h, is given by the following Gaussian Plume equation....  1, record 25, English, - constant%20rate

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une cheminée est une source ponctuelle de gaz émis de façon continue. Pour la pollution atmosphérique, le problème est de connaître les propriétés du panache, et, en particulier, la concentration moyenne de gaz polluants en tout point de l'espace, en fonction de l'état de l'atmosphère [...] A) Formule de Bosanquet-Pearson. Dans le cas d'une source ponctuelle de débit constant Q, située à la hauteur H dans un vent moyen û constant avec l'altitude, l'équation de diffusion s'écrit : [...]  1, record 25, French, - d%C3%A9bit%20constant

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If such a leaching process is a simple exchange of H+ ions for cations, then the fate and effect of increasing H+ ion concentration in plant tissue is a question that deserves some consideration. Further, if increasing rainfall acidity is providing excess H+ ions for foliar cation exchange, exchangeable foliage cations may be depleted.  1, record 26, English, - exchangeable%20cation

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque l'apport des ions H+ est équilibré par le taux de formation de nouveaux cations échangeables Mⁿ⁺, il en résulte un état de tampon. Le taux de formation de ces derniers serait un processus généralement lent; il provient de la diffusion solide et de la formation de nouvelles surfaces des minéraux due à la dégradation physico-biologique, etc. L'acidification de l'eau se manifeste donc lorsque l'afflux des ions H+ excède l'apport des ions échangeables.  1, record 26, French, - cation%20%C3%A9changeable

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

describes ions capable of replacement in the absorbing complex (U.K.); describes ions subject to replacement in the absorption complex (U.S.)  2, record 27, English, - exchangeable

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

If such a leaching process is a simple exchange of H+ ions for cations, then the fate and effect of increasing H+ ion concentration in plant tissue is a question that deserves some consideration. Further, if increasing rainfall acidity is providing excess H+ ions for foliar cation exchange, exchangeable foliage cations may be depleted.  1, record 27, English, - exchangeable

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque l'apport des ions H+ est équilibré par le taux de formation de nouveaux cations échangeables Mⁿ⁺, il en résulte un état de tampon. Le taux de formation de ces derniers serait un processus généralement lent; il provient de la diffusion solide et de la formation de nouvelles surfaces des minéraux due à la dégradation physico-biologique, etc. L'acidification de l'eau se manifeste donc lorsque l'afflux des ions H+ excède l'apport des ions échangeables.  1, record 27, French, - %C3%A9changeable

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When the filtrate runs clear, filtering can be started at a rate varying from 1 to 10 m/h(0. 3 to 3. 4 gal/[square feet] min) depending on the prior treatment, on the nature of substances to be retained, on their concentration and on their behaviour when compacted(porous or sealed compaction).  1, record 29, English, - sealed%20compaction

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lorsque le filtrat est devenu clair, on passe en régime de filtration à une vitesse variable entre 1 et 10 m/h suivant le traitement préalable, la nature même des substances à retenir, leur concentration et leur comportement au compactage (compactage poreux ou étanche).  1, record 29, French, - compactage%20%C3%A9tanche

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When the filtrate runs clear, filtering can be started at a rate varying from 1 to 10 m/h(0. 3 to 3. 4 gal/[square feet] min) depending on the prior treatment, on the nature of substances to be retained, on their concentration and on their behaviour when compacted(porous or sealed compaction).  1, record 30, English, - porous%20compaction

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Lorsque le filtrat est devenu clair, on passe en régime de filtration à une vitesse variable entre 1 et 10 m/h suivant le traitement préalable, la nature même des substances à retenir, leur concentration et leur comportement au compactage (compactage poreux ou étanche).  1, record 30, French, - compactage%20poreux

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish