TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On the one hand this model enables us to quantify the influence of the layered structure of the system and the nature and thickness of the coating layers used on the crack bridging properties of the bridge deck surfacing system and on the other hand to predict the development of reflective cracking in practice.  2, record 1, English, - deck%20surfacing%20system

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A crack that is slightly wider than the thickness of your hand.  2, record 2, English, - hand%20crack

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hand Cracks. The hand crack has the most secure jams. The entire hand slides into the crack and the thumb rolls into the palm.  3, record 2, English, - hand%20crack

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Hand cracks require you to jam your open hand in them ...  2, record 2, English, - hand%20crack

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The hand crack is the width of the hand in a flat, upright position; the fist crack is the width of the hand when closed as a fist.  4, record 2, English, - hand%20crack

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ligne de fracturation de la roche dans laquelle on peut entrer et coincer la main entière.  1, record 2, French, - fissure%20%C3%A0%20main

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «fissure à main» a été proposé par l'instructeur d'escalade et directeur général de l'école d'escalade l'Ascension Inc.  1, record 2, French, - fissure%20%C3%A0%20main

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le terme «fissure à main» ne précise pas la largeur de la fissure par rapport à la position de la main comme le terme en anglais. L'escalade libre à l'aide des trous ou des fissures du rocher est beaucoup moins développée en France qu'en Amérique du Nord à cause du type de montagnes. Cela pourrait expliquer pourquoi cette notion particulière, qui existe en anglais, n'a pas de terminologie exacte en français. On utilise plutôt une notion plus générique comme les fissures à coincements.  1, record 2, French, - fissure%20%C3%A0%20main

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Today nearly 2, 000 different enzymes are known. Many have been isolated in pure homogeneous form, and at least 200 have been crystallized.... NMR studies of globular proteins in solution give data consistent with the crystal structure, as has been amply demonstrated for lysozyme. However, where there is an equilibrium among two or more conformations of the enzyme in solution, crystallization may select out only one of the conformations. [alpha]-Chymotrypsin has a substantial fraction of an inactive conformation present under the conditions of crystallization, but only the active form of the enzyme crystallizes. An allosteric effector molecule that changes the conformation of the protein in solution may have no effect on the crystalline protein, as has been found, for example, with phosphorylase b. The enzyme is frozen in one conformation, with the crystal lattice forces preventing any conformational change. On the other hand, the addition of an effector to phosphorylase a causes the crystals first to crack and then to anneal, giving crystals of the enzyme in a second conformation.  2, record 3, English, - crystallize

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amener une substance à l'état de cristaux, lui donner la contexture régulière des cristaux.  1, record 3, French, - cristalliser

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour cristalliser une protéine, on place des échantillons en présence d'agents précipitants : solutions salines, solvants organiques ou polyéthylène glycol, dont on augmente progressivement la concentration par diffusion en phase gazeuse ou liquide. Pour les protéines membranaires, ces expériences se font en présence de détergents "doux". Comme la solubilité des protéines dépend du pH, de la température, de la présence d'ions métalliques ou de petites molécules qui se fixent sur la protéine, etc., des centaines de tests sont souvent nécessaires pour mettre au point une cristallisation.  2, record 3, French, - cristalliser

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[a hold used] for balance, to help raise yourself by pulling up on the hold, or to provide various forms of counterpressure.  3, record 4, English, - handhold

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Handholds offer maximum security when all fingers are used.  3, record 4, English, - handhold

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Handholds vary considerably. The easiest to use are those incut ones that the fingers can curl round and afford a pull; these are often called "jugs" if they are large. Pressure holds are holds where there is no grip as such and one relies on the friction of the rock. They may be sideways. There is also the "pinch grip", where the rock can be squeezed between fingers. A jammed hold(jamming) is when the hand is jammed into a crack for a pull. An undercut hold is one that is upside down, but it can be useful.  4, record 4, English, - handhold

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In winter climbing, hand or foot holds may be cut in snow or ice by an axe.  2, record 4, English, - handhold

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La bonne utilisation des prises de mains dépend plus de l'habileté manuelle et de la force des doigts que de techniques précises.  2, record 4, French, - prise%20de%20main

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Sur le glacier l'alpiniste crée ses prises de main et de pied en taillant la glace au piolet (manches).  3, record 4, French, - prise%20de%20main

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le pluriel du terme varie selon les sources consultées. Il apparaît parfois comme «prises de mains» et d'autres fois comme «prises de main».  4, record 4, French, - prise%20de%20main

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A crack that is too wide to hand jam but too thin to fist jam.  1, record 5, English, - off%2Dhand%20crack

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The size of the off-hand crack is in between a hand crack and a fist crack.  2, record 5, English, - off%2Dhand%20crack

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

As the crack gets wider we must expand the hand jam. The off-hands... is accomplished by cupping the hand and clamming the knuckles against the fingers and the wrist. Wider you turn the jam horizontally and make a fist. The fist jam.  3, record 5, English, - off%2Dhand%20crack

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ligne de fracturation de la roche dans laquelle on peut entrer et coincer la main entière.  2, record 5, French, - fissure%20%C3%A0%20main

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le terme «fissure à main» a été proposé par l'instructeur d'escalade et directeur général de l'école d'escalade l'Ascension Inc.  2, record 5, French, - fissure%20%C3%A0%20main

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Le terme «fissure à main» ne précise pas la largeur de la fissure par rapport à la position de la main (main ouverte ou main en poing) comme le fait le terme anglais. L'escalade libre à l'aide des trous ou des fissures de rocher est beaucoup moins répandue en France qu'en Amérique du Nord à cause du type de montagnes. Cela pourrait expliquer pourquoi cette notion particulière, qui existe en anglais, n'a pas de terminologie exacte en français. On utilise plutôt une notion plus générique comme «fissures à coincements».  2, record 5, French, - fissure%20%C3%A0%20main

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish