TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The world’s first laboratory-grown beef burger was flipped out of a petri dish and into a frying pan on Monday, with food tasters declaring it tasted "close to meat." Grown in vitro from cattle stem cells at a cost of 250,000 euros ($332,000), the burger was cooked and eaten in front of television cameras to gain the greatest media coverage for the culmination of a five-year science experiment. Resembling a standard circular-shaped red meat patty, it was created by knitting together 20,000 strands of laboratory-grown protein, combined with other ingredients normally used in burgers, such as salt, breadcrumbs and egg powder. Red beet juice and saffron were added to give it color.  1, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The first laboratory-produced meat patty (cultured beef burger) presented in London on August 5, 2013, by Dr. Mark Post, a physiologist from Maastricht University in the Netherlands, was dubbed the "Frankenburger." The professor and his colleagues produced the meat-like substance by cultivating muscle tissue from cow stem cells in fetal serum and other growth-promoting materials (vitamines, amino acids, growth hormones, sugar, etc.). The laboratory-grown meat at this stage of development is prohibitively expensive, but might one day become a substitute for "real" meat. The product needs to be enhanced to improve its texture, taste and appearance. Some scientists predict that cultured meat might be commercially available within a decade. Others say that it will be possible to grow it in one’s own kitchen within 20 years.  13, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The development of meat substitutes is praised on ethical grounds by animal rights or welfare activists since these products have the potential to greatly reduce the inhumane raising and slaughtering of animals raised for meat. Environmentalists, economists and scientists support these products since they might one day be a cost-effective means of meeting world demands for meat, while greatly reducing greenhouse gas emissions and waste, as well as the use of water, farmland and animal feed that make intensive animal farming unsustainable. On the other hand, natural food advocates have serious doubts concerning ingredients needed to grow and enhance these products, and the long term safety of their consumption; and meat industry proponents argue that the technology still requires stem cell donors(the cells from a single donor cannot replicate indefinitely) and that the product remains a far cry from "real" meat. Only time will tell if these products will, in a perhaps not so distant future, entirely replace, or only supplement, the meat industry.  13, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

cultured beef hamburger: A "hamburger" is a minced beef patty. Terms such as "cultured beef hamburger" could therefore be considered pleonastic. The term "burger" is the shortened form of "hamburger." While burgers are traditionally made of beef, non-beef burgers have become popular, and modifiers such as "veggie," "tuna," "chicken," "nut," and "soya" are used to describe them. Given this relatively new reality, the use of seemingly pleonastic terms such as "cultured beef burger" may be justified.  13, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 4 OBS

The combination of terms such as "hamburger," "cultured," "laboratory," "in vitro" and their short forms to create neologisms designating this product yields an impressive number of synonyms. This will remain the case as long as terminology used to describe this relatively new concept is not well established.  13, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 5 OBS

synthetic hamburger; artificial hamburger: The terms "synthetic meat" and "artificial meat" designate products that imitate meat but that are not necessarily laboratory-grown from animal cells. Hence, the use of qualifiers such as "synthetic" and "artificial" might lead to confuse a cultured hamburger with, for example, a soy-based burger.  13, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 6 OBS

Terms such as "Frankenburger" that do not include the modifier "beef" might very well be used some day to designate similar laboratory-grown products made from animal cells other than beef.  13, record 1, English, - laboratory%2Dgrown%20beef%20burger

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cet hamburger synthétique, surnommé le «Frankenburger», a été élaboré dans le laboratoire de l'université de Maastricht en trois mois à [partir] de cellules souches de bœuf. En septembre 2011, un expert en physiologie de cette université, Mark Post, avait annoncé son projet de développer avec son équipe une viande de synthèse. [...] Les 20 000 fibres de muscles ont été cultivées en laboratoire, pressées ensemble, colorées avec du jus de betterave et assaisonnées de safran afin de donner une couleur rouge au «Frankenburger» qui aurait eu un aspect naturel gris sans ces modifications.  15, record 1, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Il s'agit du premier hamburger créé en laboratoire et présenté à Londres le 5 août 2013 pour dégustation. Ce steak haché de viande synthétique a été confectionné à partir de cellules souches de vache cultivées dans un milieu contenant des acides aminées, des vitamines, du sérum fœtal et des hormones de croissance. On y a ajouté de la chapelure, du sel, de la poudre d'œuf ainsi que du jus de betterave et du safran pour la couleur. Certains scientifiques disent que ce type de produit pourrait être cultivé à la maison d'ici vingt ans. C'est une solution envisageable pour diminuer les émissions de gaz à effet de serre attribuables aux animaux d'élevage tout en répondant à la demande mondiale en viande bovine qui risque de doubler d'ici 2050.  16, record 1, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

steak in vitro; steak cultivé en laboratoire à partir de cellules souches; steak de viande artificielle : Ce nouveau produit ayant davantage l'apparence et la consistance de viande hachée que de bifteck, ces termes sont employés pour évoquer l'idée de «steak haché» tel que lorsqu'on parle de «steak tartare».  16, record 1, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 3 OBS

La terminologie n'est pas bien établie pour désigner ce concept, comme en témoigne le nombre de termes utilisés. La combinaison de termes tels que burger, hamburger, steak, cellules souches, cultivé, laboratoire et in vitro, se décline à l'infini, et on compte, parmi les synonymes utilisés, de nombreuses locutions plus ou moins longues.  16, record 1, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 4 OBS

steak de viande artificielle; hamburger synthétique; hamburger artificiel : Étant donné l'emploi des termes «viande synthétique» et «viande artificielle» pour désigner des produits imitant la viande qui ne sont pas nécessairement cultivés en laboratoire à partir de cellules animales, il y a, sans contexte, risque de confusion avec des imitations à base de soja, par exemple.  16, record 1, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 5 OBS

burger de cellules souches : Le produit est fabriqué à partir de cellules souches, mais le produit fini est constitué de cellules de muscles plutôt que de cellules souches. (Les cellules souches se transforment en myocytes ou cellules musculaires qui forment des fibres musculaires.)  16, record 1, French, - hamburger%20in%20vitro

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gang sawyer-Operates gangsaw or sash-gangsaw to cut lumber from cants : Moves hand and foot levers to shift cants from chain conveyor table to live rolls and align cants with saws. Starts machine and turns handwheels to adjust feed and tension rollers and speed of machine.  2, record 2, English, - gang%20sawyer

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The knee is the casting that supports the table and the saddle. The feed change gearing is enclosed within the knee.... The hand feed is usually used to take the depth of cut or to position the work, and the power feed to move the work during the machining operation.  1, record 3, English, - power%20feed

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

X/Y/Z axis mechanical feed.  2, record 3, English, - power%20feed

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Déplacement longitudinal de la table par volant manuel ou par avance automatique [...]  1, record 3, French, - avance%20automatique

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Axes X et Y avec 9 vitesses d'avance automatique.  1, record 3, French, - avance%20automatique

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El avance automático se utiliza en las fresadoras verticales que no cuentan con avance automático con caja de engranes [...]  2, record 3, Spanish, - avance%20autom%C3%A1tico

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The knee is the casting that supports the table and the saddle. The feed change gearing is enclosed within the knee.... The hand feed is usually used to take the depth of cut or to position the work, and the power feed to move the work during the machining operation.  1, record 4, English, - hand%20feed

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Seleccione el número de rotaciones de la fresa y el avance de la mesa. Frese la superficie "a", con avance manual el desbastado y el acabado, con avance automático.  1, record 4, Spanish, - avance%20manual

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A document feed station into which documents, or sets of documents, are fed singly by hand.  1, record 5, English, - document%20manual%20feeder

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Poste d'alimentation où les documents ou ensembles de documents sont introduits manuellement dans la machine.  1, record 5, French, - alimentateur%20manuel%20de%20documents

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A duplicator into which the copy paper is fed manually sheet by sheet.  1, record 6, English, - duplicator%20with%20hand%20feed

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

duplicator with hand feed : term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 6, English, - duplicator%20with%20hand%20feed

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Duplicateur dans lequel on introduit le papier à la main feuille par feuille.  1, record 6, French, - duplicateur%20%C3%A0%20alimentation%20manuelle

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

duplicateur à alimentation manuelle : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 6, French, - duplicateur%20%C3%A0%20alimentation%20manuelle

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A small, weak piglet, as opposed to a normal weight pig.  3, record 7, English, - runt%20pig

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The runt is the smallest piglet in the litter and usually gets stuck with a teat that doesn’t produce much milk. If the litter is very large, these piglets cannot compete with their siblings. Many farmers will take these piglets from the litter and hand feed them.  5, record 7, English, - runt%20pig

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Studies of the runt pig have provided insight into the importance of intrauterine nutrition on birth weight and subsequent growth potential. Frequently within a litter of pigs, one or more individuals, referred to as runts, have significantly lower body weights (as much as one-half or one-third) compared with their littermates.  6, record 7, English, - runt%20pig

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Porc chétif dans une portée.  1, record 7, French, - culot%20de%20port%C3%A9e

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] los lechones fueron considerados pequeños cuando pesaban 300 g menos que la media de la camada. [...] la mayor vulnerabilidad de los lechones pequeños [...] se considera que está relacionada con una mayor pérdida calórica debida al incremento de la relación superficie/volumen [...], la desventaja evidente al competir con sus hermanos para acceder a las tetinas [...], y quizá un cierto grado de inmadurez fisiológica.  1, record 7, Spanish, - lech%C3%B3n%20peque%C3%B1o

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The wiring harness provides electrical power to all the joints and the End Effector(mechanical hand) as well as data and feed back information from each of the joints. This link continues from the SRMS [Shuttle Remote Manipulator System] to the payload bay and continues on into cabin of the space shuttle where astronauts control the actions of the arm remotely.  2, record 8, English, - wiring%20harness

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

wiring harness: term officially approved by the International Space Station official approval Group (ISSOAG).  3, record 8, English, - wiring%20harness

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le faisceau de câblage [relie] électriquement les éléments du télémanipulateur. Il fournit l'électricité à toutes les articulations et à l'effecteur (main robotique) et transmet également les données et l'information provenant de chacune d'entre elles. Le faisceau de câblage parcours le SRMS [Shuttle Remote Manipulator System], traverse la soute de la navette et vient se terminer dans le poste de commande de la navette spatiale. C'est de là que les astronautes peuvent télécommander les mouvements du télémanipulateur.  2, record 8, French, - faisceau%20de%20c%C3%A2blage

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

faisceau de câblage : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de la Station spatiale internationale (GTTSSI).  3, record 8, French, - faisceau%20de%20c%C3%A2blage

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quill [of turret-type milling machine] is of large diameter with the feed rack cut from the solid. Power feed of 0. 002 in. per spindle revolution is provided in addition to coarse and fine hand feeds. Micrometer depth stop and automatic feed trip is fitted.  2, record 9, English, - depth%20stop

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Several types of holding mechanisms are available for interchangeable-type counterbores ... The holder may have positive stops to control counterboring depth accurately.  3, record 9, English, - depth%20stop

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

depth stop: term standardized by ISO.  4, record 9, English, - depth%20stop

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Alésage conique [...] Pour des diamètres importants, on peut utiliser une barre d'alésage comportant des outils étagés en nombre variable suivant la longueur du cône. Cette barre se termine par une partie cylindrique servant de pilote. Une butée est nécessaire pour limiter la pénétration de l'outil à la profondeur voulue.  3, record 9, French, - but%C3%A9e%20de%20profondeur%20de%20mortaise

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 OBS

butée de profondeur de mortaise : terme normalisé par l'ISO.  4, record 9, French, - but%C3%A9e%20de%20profondeur%20de%20mortaise

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... mechanical devices intended to avoid the necessity of hand feeding. When once set, they should deliver the ore as nearly as possible at a definite rate(in pounds per minute), and they should be adjustable to feed fast or slow.  1, record 10, English, - automatic%20feeder

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Appareils accessoires des ateliers de concassage. -- Alimentateurs automatiques. -- Pour alimenter d'une façon constante et régulière un concasseur ou un broyeur il est nécessaire d'utiliser un appareil automatique.  1, record 10, French, - alimentateur%20automatique

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... a former Bank of England economist who now runs his own forex consultancy, traitorously bit the hand that once used to feed him. Through London's Centre for the Study of Financial Innovation, he expounded a plan for stripping central banks of all those gold and foreign exchange reserves... which they use to finance secretive, and sometimes costly, forays into the foreign exchange markets.  1, record 12, English, - forex%20consultancy

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un ancien économiste de la Banque d'Angleterre, qui dirige maintenant sa propre société de conseil dans le domaine des changes, s'est, lui aussi, montré d'une grande ingratitude envers cette institution. Il a exposé au Centre d'études d'innovation financière de Londres un plan destiné à dépouiller les banques centrales des réserves en or et en devises [...] qu'elles utilisent pour financer des incursions discrètes et quelquefois coûteuses sur les marchés de change.  1, record 12, French, - soci%C3%A9t%C3%A9%20de%20conseil%20dans%20le%20domaine%20des%20changes

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Feeding was formerly done by hand, and pinning devices were used to obtain register. Hand-feeding still survives, but pins have been replaced by feed guides or lays along which the front edge and one side edge of the sheet are placed.  2, record 13, English, - feed%20guide

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les machines modernes ont des taquets de marge. La position de la feuille est assurée par trois butées ou taquets : deux taquets de front et un taquet latéral, appelé rectificateur ou guide. Le rectificateur coulisse sur quelques centimètres et vient pousser ou tirer la feuille pour l'amener en position.  2, record 13, French, - taquet%20de%20marge

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Grate fired combustors. Grate-fired systems include both pile burners and spreader-stokers. Pile burners include the old-fashioned Dutch ovens(or Dietrich cells for bagasse and coffee grounds), Wellons cells, Lanb-Cargate wet cell or gasifier burners, and inclined grate systems. Spreader-stokers are distinguished by their feed mechanism, typically a windswept or pneumatic spout or paddle wheel located above the grate and the thin bed of fuel on the grate. The stoker mechanism spreads the fuel more or less uniformly across the grate. Grate fired systems may use flat or sloping grates, with inclined grates being the most severely sloping grate systems. Grates may be stationary or moving. They may be air cooled or water cooled. Ash removal from grates may be accomplished by moving arms, steam or air blowing systems, grate moving, or hand raking. Grate fired units may be refractory lined or waterwall furnaces, depending upon vendor and purpose.  1, record 14, English, - grate%2Dfired%20combustor

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système de combustion pour combustible muni d'une grille fixe ou mobile.  2, record 14, French, - foyer%20%C3%A0%20grille

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Coal can be burned more efficiently by a mechanical stoker than by hand firing because the stoker provides a uniform fuel feed rate, better distribution in the fuel bed and positive control of the air supplied for combustion.  2, record 15, English, - hand%20firing

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Hand firing. There are many acceptable hand-firing methods. With highly volatile coals, the objective is to leave a suitable bed of glowing fuel to ignite the gases as they are driven off from the fresh coal charge .... But, ... with any hand-fired solid fuel, the fire is continuous and overtemperature conditions are difficult to control unless the fire is continually attended.  3, record 15, English, - hand%20firing

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La chauffe à la main est une opération délicate et souvent pénible, exigeant une formation spéciale et de la pratique; elle est très utilement guidée par l'emploi d'appareils de contrôle de chauffe.  1, record 15, French, - chauffe%20%C3%A0%20main

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chauffe : Opération consistant à produire par combustion la chaleur nécessaire à un chauffage industriel ou domestique et, plus particulièrement, à conduire cette combustion  1, record 15, French, - chauffe%20%C3%A0%20main

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A drill machine in which the rate at which the bit is made to penetrate the rock is controlled by a hand-operated ratchet and lever or a hand-turned wheel meshing with a screw mechanism.  2, record 16, English, - hand%20feed

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'avancement [des sondeuses], nécessaire pour maintenir la pression de coupe, se fait en faisant avancer le mandrin toujours solidaire des tiges auxquelles il transmet sa rotation. [...] À l'avancement à main correspond la méthode «sensitive». Une crémaillère, solidaire du mandrin, engrène avec un pignon denté fixé sur l'axe d'articulation d'un levier [...]. En appuyant sur celui-ci, le sondeur met du poids sur l'outil. Cette opération lui permet de «sentir» la résistance offerte par le terrain et ainsi de déterminer le compromis entre le poids sur l'outil et le couple résistant pour provoquer la vitesse d'avancement optimum. Ce compromis est impossible à réaliser mécaniquement.  1, record 16, French, - avancement%20%C3%A0%20main

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish