TERMIUM Plus®

From: Translation Bureau

On social media

Consult the Government of Canada’s terminology data bank.

HAND METHODS [31 records]

Record 1 2025-02-24

English

Subject field(s)
  • Measuring Instruments
  • Applications of Automation
CONT

Early slip sensors utilized either vibration sensing or displacement sensing to detect the presence of object slippage relative to a robot hand. These methods however had the drawback that slip could only be detected after it had started to occur.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Appareils de mesure
  • Automatisation et applications
CONT

[...] le contrôle de la force de serrage est réalisé par des capteurs de pression disposés à la base des doigts. Des capteurs de glissement sont également implantés au bout de chaque doigt. Ils permettent une régulation de la pression de serrage.

Spanish

Save record 1

Record 2 2025-02-04

English

Subject field(s)
  • Applications of Automation
  • Collaboration with WIPO
CONT

Assistive robots, last-mile delivery, warehouse navigation, and robots in office environments are all applications that require robust robot navigation in dynamic environments. While methods exist for robot navigation sub-tasks, such as localization and mapping, motion planning, and control, current local navigation methods typically must be tuned for each new robot and environment. For example, vision-based navigation typically relies on high-level motion primitives such as "go straight" and "turn left" that abstract away robot dynamics. On the other hand, motion planning handles robot dynamics, but often requires near-perfect sensor observations.

OBS

vision-based navigation: designation validated by a Canadian subject-matter expert from Université Laval.

Key term(s)
  • vision based navigation
  • SearchOnlyKey1

French

Domaine(s)
  • Automatisation et applications
  • Collaboration avec l'OMPI
CONT

La navigation basée sur la vision a atteint une certaine maturité durant ces dernières années grâce à l'utilisation de technologies avancées. Les systèmes de navigation basée sur la vision ont le considérable avantage de pouvoir utiliser directement les informations visuelles présentes dans l'environnement, sans devoir adapter le moindre élément de l'infrastructure. De plus, contrairement aux systèmes utilisant le GPS, ils peuvent être utilisés à l'extérieur ainsi qu'à l'intérieur des locaux et des bâtiments sans aucune perte de précision.

OBS

navigation basée sur la vision : désignation validée par un spécialiste canadien de l'Université Laval.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Automatización y aplicaciones
  • Colaboración con la OMPI
CONT

La presente línea busca desarrollar una plataforma robótica móvil terrestre que sea capaz de recorrer un campo mediante navegación por visión artificial, lo cual a futuro podrá facilitar no sólo la recolección de datos de un cultivo a lo largo de la evolución del mismo, sino también el monitoreo y evaluación posterior de [dichos datos].

Save record 2

Record 3 2022-06-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Collaboration with the FAO
  • Commercial Fishing
  • Hunting and Sport Fishing
CONT

Handfishing, also known as noodling, ... is a method of catching catfish (most often flathead catfish) with one’s hands. No rods, reels, hooks, lines, bait, nor tackle are generally used. ... People that handfish feel their way along shallow riffles, slower deep water, sunken logs, root wads, or along stream banks looking for holes or ledges where catfish are laying their eggs, guarding their nest, or resting.

OBS

The term "noodling[, "] although today used primarily towards the capture of flathead catfish, can and has been applied to all hand fishing methods, regardless of the method or species of fish sought.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Collaboration avec la FAO
  • Pêche commerciale
  • Chasse et pêche sportive

Spanish

Save record 3

Record 4 2022-05-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Meteorology
  • Environmental Studies and Analyses
CONT

Monitoring net exchange fluxes of greenhouse gases(GHGs) over agricultural fields is done either by chamber-based measurement approaches or using micrometeorological techniques. Chamber-based methods provide point-based measurements, but those can be customized and implemented at low costs in the field. Micrometeorological techniques, on the other hand, provide area-integrated measurement of gas exchanges without altering the natural canopy microclimate condition.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Météorologie
  • Études et analyses environnementales

Spanish

Save record 4

Record 5 2017-12-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • Ear, Nose and Throat Surgery
  • The Larynx
CONT

A tracheo-esophageal puncture technique for voice restoration after laryngectomy.

CONT

Tracheoesophageal puncture. Stoma is occluded with finger to shunt air, through silicone bivalved tube, into the esophagus. The air causes vibration at the level of the P-E segment and enables production of sound.

OBS

Tracheoesophageal fistulas, which are created by a puncture technique and maintained by a plastic prosthesis, are useful in the restoration of speech after a total laryngectomy. On the other hand, I have not found total laryngectomy with tracheoesophageal puncture to be an acceptable substitute for near-total laryngectomy if the patients’ cancer did not actually require a total laryngectomy... Furthermore, puncture methods direct the bolus of pulmonary air into the esophagus. Sometimes this induces a cricopharyngeal spasm, which must be corrected before the air can be brought up into the pharynx as sound... On the other hand, excellent results in a co-operative patient are certainly possible with the puncture and prosthesis technique.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Chirurgie ORL
  • Larynx
DEF

Technique chirurgicale de réhabilitation de la voix du laryngectomisé par l'ouverture d'un canal de communication entre la trachée et l'œsophage.

OBS

Renseignement obtenu d'une spécialiste du Centre de l'ouïe et de la parole de l'hôpital Notre-Dame, Montréal.

Spanish

Save record 5

Record 6 2017-09-27

English

Subject field(s)
  • Meats and Meat Industries
  • Slaughterhouses
  • Industrial Techniques and Processes
DEF

Meat recovered from bone using separation machinery.

OBS

Mechanical recovery increases the efficiency of separation and thereby allows the recovery of extra meat per carcass; it is also less time consuming than hand boning of meat.... Composition of meat recovered varies between the methods used, but in general consists of comminuted meat, bone marrow, collagen, bone and fat.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Salaison, boucherie et charcuterie
  • Abattoirs
  • Techniques industrielles
CONT

Improprement appelées surfines, les VSM (viandes séparées mécaniquement) sont des viandes que l'on récupère sur les os, nerfs et aponévroses. On utilise des séparatrices.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Industria cárnica, de fiambres y embutidos
  • Mataderos
  • Procesos y técnicas industriales
Save record 6

Record 7 2016-02-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Financial Accounting
  • Proverbs and Maxims
OBS

The methods banks used to account for losses on loans [were] often characterized as sleight of hand intended to smooth the effects of unusually high or low loan losses on the income statement(...)

French

Domaine(s)
  • Comptabilité générale
  • Proverbes et dictons

Spanish

Save record 7

Record 8 2016-02-29

English

Subject field(s)
  • Foundation Engineering
OBS

For the protection of the hand digger in the hole, the vertical sides of the excavation have to be shored. Three principal methods of shoring are(1) horizontal wooden lagging,(2) the Chicago-well method, employing vertical boards supported by circular steel rings, and(3) the Gow method using telescoping steel shells...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Technique des fondations
OBS

Pour protéger le terrassier dans le puits, les parois verticales sont étayées. Il existe trois principales méthodes d'étayage, qui sont : (1) le boisage horizontal, (2) la méthode de Chicago, utilisant des madriers verticaux maintenus par des cerces métalliques, et (3) la méthode de Gow, employant des cylindres d'acier télescopiques [...]

Spanish

Save record 8

Record 9 2013-06-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Property Law (common law)
OBS

The methods therefore of acquiring on the one hand and of losing on the other, a title to estates in things real, are reduced by our law to two : descent, where the title is vested in a man by the single operation of law; and purchase, where the title is vested in him by his own act or agreement.(Blackstone, Book II, p. 201)

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
OBS

Dans certains contextes, la construction «acquisition de titre par acte volontaire» conviendrait mieux.

OBS

titre acquis par acte volontaire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

Save record 9

Record 10 2013-06-14

English

Subject field(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Property Law (common law)
OBS

The methods therefore of acquiring on the one hand and of losing on the other, a title to estates in things real, are reduced by our law to two : descent, where the title is vested in a man by the single operation of law; and purchase, where the title is vested in him by his own act or agreement.(Blackstone, Book II, p. 201)

French

Domaine(s)
  • PAJLO
  • Droit des biens et de la propriété (common law)
OBS

Dans certains contextes, l'expression «acquisition de titre par succession héréditaire» conviendrait mieux.

OBS

titre acquis par succession héréditaire : terme normalisé par le Comité de normalisation dans le cadre du Programme national de l'administration de la justice dans les deux langues officielles (PAJLO).

Spanish

Save record 10

Record 11 2012-05-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Textile Weaving (Textile Industries)
  • Weaving Arts
DEF

The method or process of interlacing two yarns of similar materials so that they cross each other at right angles to produce woven fabric.

OBS

The warp yarns, or ends, run lengthwise in the fabric, and the filling threads(weft), or picks, run from side to side. Weaving can be done on a power or hand loom or by several hand methods.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Tissage (Industries du textile)
  • Tissage (Artisanat)
DEF

Art d'entrecroiser deux séries de fils pour produire des tissus, ces deux séries de fils étant perpendiculaires : les fils de chaîne dans le sens longitudinal [et les] fils de trame dans le sens transversal.

OBS

Le tissage se fait sur un métier à tisser ou sur une machine à tisser. [...] Il consiste à passer un fil de trame ou duite dans l'espace formé par la séparation des fils de chaîne (foule) en deux nappes, l'une levée, l'autre baissée.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Tejeduría (Industrias textiles)
  • Tejeduría artesanal
DEF

Proceso de entrelazar hilos en ángulo para obtener un tejido.

CONT

La tejeduría consiste en entrelazar los hilos en los ángulos correspondientes; un proceso muy parecido al que se utiliza para hacer una cesta. Dependiendo del telar, es posible producir numerosos modelos de tejido y contexturas.

Save record 11

Record 12 2011-11-09

English

Subject field(s)
  • Computer Mathematics
  • Mathematics
  • Physics
  • Engineering
DEF

A solution found by evaluating functions and solving equations.

CONT

An analytical solution is one that can be explicitly written down, also called a closed form solution. Analytical solutions can not be found for many partial differential and ordinary differential equations(most in fact). In the case when an analytical solution has not been found yet, numerical methods may be applied to get an approximate solution. For instance a well known equation with an analytical solution is the wave equation. On the other hand, a well known equation that doesn’t have an analytical solution is the Navier-Stokes equation.

OBS

In physics and engineering the usual terminology is "analytical solution," [instead of the term "closed-form expression," used in mathematics].

OBS

analytical solution: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Mathématiques informatiques
  • Mathématiques
  • Physique
  • Ingénierie
OBS

solution analytique : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.

Spanish

Save record 12

Record 13 2011-02-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • Geological Prospecting
  • Deep Drilling (Mines)
CONT

Some of the methods of investigation include : rotary coring, percussion drilling, hand augering, trial pitting and geophysical surveys.

OBS

rotary coring: term used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.

PHR

Diamond rotary coring.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Prospection géologique
  • Sondage profond (Mines)
OBS

carottage rotatif : terme en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.

Spanish

Save record 13

Record 14 2010-06-21

English

Subject field(s)
  • Educational Psychology
DEF

[A discipline] that embraces theoretical principles from psychology and the practical applications of those principles in teaching with the central aim of enhancing learning, and its affective context.

CONT

Traditionally understood psychopedagogy is a scientific discipline that concentrates on searching the psychical processes connected with upbringing, education and formation. Close to educational and developmental psychology, it is a discipline that uses methods of psychology as a basic discipline and analyses educational situation from its own point of view. On the other hand it is considered a pedagogical discipline and using the methods characteristic for pedagogy, it possesses the characteristics of applied science.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Psychologie scolaire
DEF

Discipline qui intègre la psychologie et la pédagogie pour traiter des besoins des enfants et des adolescents lorsqu'ils sont en milieu scolaire.

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Psicología educacional
DEF

Rama que estudia la formación de cualidades ideológicas, estéticas, morales, que debe reunir la personalidad del profesor y que tiene como objetivo impulsar el desarrollo de las capacidades pedagógicas para la realización efectiva de su labor profesional.

Save record 14

Record 15 2010-03-16

English

Subject field(s)
  • Packaging in Paperboard
DEF

... the method of placing [a] product into corrugated shipping containers.

CONT

This can be accomplished by the very fundamental method of hand loading or by semiautomatic or automatic case-loading machinery... Cases, whether manually or automatically loaded, are classified as top-, side-or end-load. The top-load case has flaps in the largest panel and is the most expensive because of the large flap area. An end-load case, with flaps on the smallest panel, is the least expensive... The... basic case-loading methods are... :hand loading; horizontal semiautomatic case loading; horizontal fully automatic case loading; vertical drop-load and gripper-style case loading; wraparound case loading; and tray former/loader.

OBS

In French, the equivalent "encaissage" refers to packing into all kinds of cases, althogh corrugated containers are now widely used.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Emballages en carton
DEF

Action de mettre en caisse.

OBS

Il est à noter que de nos jours en emballage, l'encaissage se rapporte surtout à la mise sous carton ondulé.

OBS

On peut procéder, soit par encaissage latéral de la charge, soit par encaissage par descente et poussée, soit encore par encaissage par le fond lorsque l'on part d'une caisse à rabats pliée-collée et développée pour son remplissage.

Spanish

Save record 15

Record 16 2009-06-12

English

Subject field(s)
  • Weed Science
CONT

Applying a heavy granular ester form of 2,4-D ... gave effective control of duckweed, coontail, watermilfoil, eelgrass, and several species of Potamogeton. The use of granular formulations holds considerable promise for aquatic weed control in still water, but not in flowing water.

OBS

Methods of controlling aquatic weeds include the following : proper construction of pond, competition for light, pasturing, drying, mowing, hand cleaning, chaining, dredging, burning, biological control, [and] chemical control.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Mauvaises herbes
OBS

On parle [...] couramment de «désherbage des plantes aquatiques». Cette expression est prise dans un sens différent de «désherbage du blé» où il convient de sauvegarder le blé, alors que le désherbage des plantes aquatiques vise à les détruire. Il a été proposé «désherbage en milieu aquatique», ce qui serait sans doute plus correct, mais cette expression a bien peu de chance de s'imposer en raison de sa longueur.

Key term(s)
  • lutte contre les mauvaises herbes aquatiques

Spanish

Campo(s) temático(s)
  • Malas hierbas
Save record 16

Record 17 2008-01-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • Milking Equipment (Agriculture)
CONT

For nearly all milking machine cleaning methods an adequate supply of hot water is necessary. Water heaters vary from simple free standing insulated or uninsulated tanks filled with a hose and manual control to insulated tanks automatically filled and heated at predetermined times. The water capacity required is dependant on the washing system used(hand or in-place cleaning) and the number of units to be washed.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Traite mécanique (Agriculture)
CONT

Canalisation de lavage. Canalisation qui [...] transporte les solutions de nettoyage et de désinfection d'un bac ou d'un chauffe-eau vers les faisceaux de nettoyage, le lactoduc de traite ou la canalisation à vide de traite.

Spanish

Save record 17

Record 18 2005-02-07

English

Subject field(s)
  • Cheese and Dairy Products
CONT

A farmstead cheese is an artisan cheese produced on the farm using only milk from the herd located on that farm. This enables the farmstead producer to direct the entire cheesemaking process from determining the cow’s feed, which affects milk flavor, through aging of the cheese.

CONT

Our raw milk farmstead cheese is crafted in small batches using traditional methods of hand cutting the curd, stirring and molding. Aging takes place on wood shelves in our cool and humid cheese cave.... Our farm cheese encompasses "terrior" or flavor of the land because our herd graze organic fields of native grasses, herbs, flowers, and blackberries.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Laiterie, beurrerie et fromagerie
CONT

Le fromage VALADOU est un fromage «fermier» selon le décret du 30 décembre 1998. En effet, le fromage est fabriqué selon les techniques traditionnelles à partir du lait de la ferme, sur le lieu de l'exploitation.

Spanish

Save record 18

Record 19 1999-05-11

English

Subject field(s)
  • Mining Wastes
  • Extraction Procedures - Various (Mining)
DEF

The complete filling of the waste area behind a longwall face with stone and dirt. The packing operation may be by hand or mechanical methods, for example, pneumatic stowing.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Déchets miniers
  • Procédés d'extraction divers (Exploit. minière)

Spanish

Save record 19

Record 20 1998-03-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Paints and Varnishes (Industries)
  • Construction Finishing
OBS

Reasonably good adhesion and corrosion resistance can be obtained on steel by hand methods(sanding, scraping or wire brushing).

French

Domaine(s)
  • Peintures et vernis (Industries)
  • Finitions (Construction)
DEF

Impossibilité pour une peinture, un enduit ou un vernis de donner un feuil continu sur un subjectile déterminé. [Définition normalisée par l'AFNOR.]

OBS

Cas d'une peinture à l'huile appliquée sur une surface mal dégraissée ou sur une surface encore humide.

OBS

refus; refus à l'application : termes normalisés par l'AFNOR.

OBS

Définition et observation reproduites avec la permission de l'AFNOR.

Spanish

Save record 20

Record 21 1994-08-03

English

Subject field(s)
  • Courts
OBS

This paper identifies a spectrum of alternative dispute resolution methods which range from wholly voluntary methods, such as negotiation and mediation, on the one hand, to the classic adjudicative model, litigation, on the other hand.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Tribunaux
OBS

acte juridictionnel. Acte par lequel une juridiction tranche une contestation au terme d'une procédure organisée et qui, pour toutes ces raisons, est revêtu de l'autorité de la chose jugée.

Spanish

Save record 21

Record 22 1991-03-19

English

Subject field(s)
  • Solid Fuel Heating
CONT

Coal can be burned more efficiently by a mechanical stoker than by hand firing because the stoker provides a uniform fuel feed rate, better distribution in the fuel bed and positive control of the air supplied for combustion.

CONT

Hand firing. There are many acceptable hand-firing methods. With highly volatile coals, the objective is to leave a suitable bed of glowing fuel to ignite the gases as they are driven off from the fresh coal charge.... But,... with any hand-fired solid fuel, the fire is continuous and overtemperature conditions are difficult to control unless the fire is continually attended.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Chauffage aux combustibles solides
CONT

La chauffe à la main est une opération délicate et souvent pénible, exigeant une formation spéciale et de la pratique; elle est très utilement guidée par l'emploi d'appareils de contrôle de chauffe.

OBS

Chauffe : Opération consistant à produire par combustion la chaleur nécessaire à un chauffage industriel ou domestique et, plus particulièrement, à conduire cette combustion

Spanish

Save record 22

Record 23 1989-02-05

English

Subject field(s)
  • Medical and Surgical Equipment
CONT

Transport of injured persons... Methods of carrying... If two or more bearers are available... Hand seats : The four-handed seat. This seat is used when the casualty can assist the bearers by using one or both arms... The two-handed seat. This seat is used to carry a casualty who is unable to assist the bearers by using his arms.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Équipement médico-chirurgical

Spanish

Save record 23

Record 24 1988-10-03

English

Subject field(s)
  • Prefabrication
CONT

Among the most important contributing causes to the replacement of traditional hand methods by industrialized building systems were the shortage of manpower, especially skilled craftsmen; the extensive demand for housing units due to bombing destruction; the need to reduce costs while erecting buildings rapidly; and the participation of national governments in public housing programs.

OBS

See record for the term "industrialized building".

French

Domaine(s)
  • Préfabrication
OBS

Voir les fiches consacrées aux termes "préfabrication" et "industrialisation".

Spanish

Save record 24

Record 25 1987-07-06

English

Subject field(s)
  • Seeding and Planting Equipment
CONT

Several methods can be used :hand Cyclone seeding, followed by harrowing and cultipacking. This method randomly distributes the seeds avoiding any rows of grass being created.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Matériel de plantation et de semis

Spanish

Save record 25

Record 26 1986-11-17

English

Subject field(s)
  • Education Theory and Methods
  • Group Dynamics
CONT

When the committee assembles to work upon its tasks at hand, the discussion method will come quite largely into use. Variations within the discussion method such as buzz sessions, role playing, workshops, group technique analysis, and evaluation of group productivity will all be a part of the methods involved in order to accomplish the desired goals with dispatch.

French

Domaine(s)
  • Théories et méthodes pédagogiques
  • Dynamique des groupes
CONT

La productivité d'un groupe est supérieure à la somme de celle des individus considérés isolément. (...) L'augmentation de la productivité est due dans certains cas à l'existence de normes de groupe qui constituent une motivation puissante à l'activité de chaque membre. (...) Il est évident que, dans certains cas, la productivité de groupe est due à la spécialisation des rôles et à la collaboration de ses membres (...).

Spanish

Save record 26

Record 27 1986-07-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Industrial Ceramics
  • Clay and Clay Products (Ceramics)
CONT

The bisque evare is then decorated using one of several methods, for instance, spray painting, hand lining...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Céramiques industrielles
  • Terres et glaçures (Ind. de la céramique)
OBS

L'émail liquide est pulvérisé sur le biscuit à l'aide d'un vaporisateur ou d'un pistolet aérographe, matériel plus sophistiqué qui demande par sécurité d'emploi une hotte aspirant les vapeurs d'émail.

Spanish

Save record 27

Record 28 1986-07-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Industrial Ceramics
  • Clay Working Methods (Ceramics)
CONT

The bisque ware is then decorated using one of several methods, for instance, spray painting, hand lining...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Céramiques industrielles
  • Techniques de la céramique

Spanish

Save record 28

Record 29 1986-07-23

English

Subject field(s)
  • Industrial Ceramics
  • Clay Working Methods (Ceramics)
CONT

The bisque ware is then decorated using one of several methods, for instance, spray painting, hand lining, machine lining...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Céramiques industrielles
  • Techniques de la céramique

Spanish

Save record 29

Record 30 1982-08-30

English

Subject field(s)
  • Foundation Engineering
OBS

For the protection of the hand digger in the hole, the vertical sides of the excavation have to be shored. Three principal methods of shoring are(1) horizontal wooden lagging,(2) the Chicago-well method, employing vertical boards supported by circular steel rings, and(3) the Gow method using telescoping steel shells...

French

Domaine(s)
  • Technique des fondations
OBS

Pour protéger le terrassier dans le puits, les parois verticales sont étayées. Il existe trois principales méthodes d'étayage, qui sont : (1) le boisage horizontal, (2) la méthode de Chicago, utilisant des madriers verticaux maintenus par des cerces métalliques, et (3) la méthode de Gow, employant des cylindres d'acier télescopiques [...]

Spanish

Save record 30

Record 31 1980-05-20

English

Subject field(s)
  • Rail Networks

French

Domaine(s)
  • Réseaux ferroviaires

Spanish

Save record 31

Copyright notice for the TERMIUM Plus® data bank

© Public Services and Procurement Canada, 2026
TERMIUM Plus®, the Government of Canada's terminology and linguistic data bank
A product of the Translation Bureau

Features

GCtranslate (available on the Government of Canada network only)

Use this artificial intelligence prototype to translate Government of Canada content up to and including Protected B. Available to employees of selected departments and agencies only.

Writing tools

The Language Portal’s writing tools have a new look! Easy to consult, they give you access to a wealth of information that will help you write better in English and French.

Glossaries and vocabularies

Access Translation Bureau glossaries and vocabularies.

Date Modified: