TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Production of murine monoclonal antibodies involves challenging a rodent's immune system with an antigen and harvesting rodent splenocytes for antibody retrieval.  1, record 1, English, - murine%20monoclonal%20antibody

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

mouse monoclonal antibody: designation usually used in the plural.  2, record 1, English, - murine%20monoclonal%20antibody

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque les premiers anticorps monoclonaux produits à partir de cellules murines (de souris ou de rat) furent décrits au début des années 1980, il semblait évident qu'ils représentaient des outils privilégiés pour cibler des antigènes tumoraux et détruire ainsi, de manière spécifique, les cellules transformées les exprimant. En fait, pendant presque 10 ans, la déception fut grande : d'une part, la caractérisation à l'aide d'anticorps d'antigènes spécifiques des tumeurs s'est avérée très laborieuse, et, d'autre part, l'utilisation thérapeutique des anticorps monoclonaux murins s'est rapidement heurtée à des problèmes tels que l'immunisation des patients vis-à-vis de l'anticorps xénogénique (de souris ou de rat) et la survenue de rechutes dues à une élimination incomplète des cellules tumorales.  1, record 1, French, - anticorps%20monoclonal%20murin

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

anticorps monoclonal murin : désignation habituellement utilisée au pluriel.  2, record 1, French, - anticorps%20monoclonal%20murin

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[An extensive] culture system of marine animals, in which [hatcheries] are used to rear young individuals [that] are then released to forage and grow in their natural environment before harvesting.  4, record 2, English, - sea%20ranching

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode d'élevage extensif de poissons migrateurs amphibiotiques, tels les saumons, qui consiste, après l'alevinage dans les eaux continentales, à lâcher des juvéniles pour qu'ils gagnent la mer où ils se nourrissent sur les ressources naturelles, et accomplissent leur croissance, et à les capturer à leur retour vers les eaux continentales.  3, record 2, French, - pacage%20marin

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A system for harvesting the energy of waves(swell) in the shape of an on-shore barrier that retains and directs the water in a reservoir linked with a turbine for the production of electricity.  3, record 3, English, - wave%20energy%20breakwater

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Energetech Australia is building a prototype electricity generator based on wave power on the breakwater at Port Kembla in New South Wales. A submerged chamber is open below the water level. When the waves rise up around the chamber, the water inside the chamber rises and falls with the waves. This compresses and decompresses air above the water in the chamber, creating airflow which drives a turbine. The turbines work with the air flowing in both directions. The blades change angle, depending on the speed and direction of the airflow … An ocean wall in the shape of a parabola concentrates the wave energy onto a central point where the power station is located … The amount of converted energy depends on the wind speed, the time the wind blows over the waves, and the distance it covers. During a wave’s voyage, it shapes into a more regular wave, commonly referred to as a swell. At ocean shores, swells are very regular and discernable, even when the sea is calm.  1, record 3, English, - wave%20energy%20breakwater

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Générateurs utilisant la houle […] La houle, dont l’origine se trouve dans les vents, représente un immense gisement d’énergie. Les puissances disponibles s’expriment par unité de longueur de front de vague et atteignent quelques 10 kW [kilowatts]/m. [Parmi les] principaux dispositifs exploitant l’énergie des vagues [on trouve les] barrages à houle situés sur les côtes; par déferlement, l’eau de mer remplit un réservoir et est ensuite turbinée. Ces systèmes présentent l’avantage de lisser la puissance et d’obtenir une production relativement régulière, en tout cas, qui ne fluctue pas au rythme des vagues, mais ils occupent de l’espace sur les côtes […]  1, record 3, French, - barrage%20%C3%A0%20houle

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Heated air grain drying. Whenever aeration or natural air drying fails to adequately condition grain for storage, a heated air dryer may be incorporated into the harvesting storage system. Compared to natural air drying, the heated air drying absorbs more moisture from the grain thus drying the grain faster.  2, record 4, English, - heated%20air%20drying

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

heated air drying: Term used at the Canadian Grain Commission.  3, record 4, English, - heated%20air%20drying

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[Les échangeurs de chaleur] constituent la meilleure alternative de récupération de la chaleur lorsque le séchage et le refroidissement ne se font pas simultanément et que le séchoir continu fonctionne uniquement selon la méthode de séchage à air chaud.  2, record 4, French, - s%C3%A9chage%20%C3%A0%20air%20chaud

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Terme en usage à la Commission canadienne des grains.  3, record 4, French, - s%C3%A9chage%20%C3%A0%20air%20chaud

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An approach to harvesting based on the retention of structural elements or biological legacies (trees, snags, logs, etc.) from the harvested stand for integration into the new stand to achieve various ecological objectives.  4, record 5, English, - variable%20retention%20harvest%20system

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The major variables in the variable retention harvest system are types, densities, and spatial arrangement of retained structures ...  4, record 5, English, - variable%20retention%20harvest%20system

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode de récolte qui se base sur la rétention d'éléments structuraux ou de legs biologiques (arbres, chicots, grumes, etc.) du peuplement récolté, qui seront intégrés au nouveau peuplement pour réaliser divers objectifs de nature écologique  1, record 5, French, - r%C3%A9gime%20de%20coupes%20%C3%A0%20r%C3%A9tention%20variable

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Felling and then transporting the trimmed bole so far as possible in one piece, for cross-cutting at a landing or mill.  6, record 6, English, - tree%2Dlength%20system

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Three principal methods of logging are used: 1) The shortwood system ... 2) The full-tree system ... 3) In the tree-length system, sophisticated machines (tree combines) delimb, top, sever the tree from its stump, and pile the logs in an orderly fashion for another machine to take them to roadside.  1, record 6, English, - tree%2Dlength%20system

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode d'exploitation forestière qui consiste à abattre les arbres, les ébrancher et à transporter les fûts (ou troncs) jusqu'à un dépôt transitoire ou à l'usine, pour y être tronçonnés.  4, record 6, French, - exploitation%20par%20f%C3%BBts%20entiers

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'exploitation par fûts entiers [...] met en jeu des machines complexes (engins combinés) qui ébranchent et éciment les arbres, puis les coupent à leur base et les empilent. Une autre machine transporte ensuite les arbres jusqu'au bord de la route [...]  5, record 6, French, - exploitation%20par%20f%C3%BBts%20entiers

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The mix of felling, bucking and yarding systems used in logging a stand of timber.  2, record 7, English, - harvesting%20system

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ensemble des systèmes d'abattage, de tronçonnage et de débardage employés pour exploiter un peuplement forestier.  2, record 7, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20r%C3%A9colte

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A... silvicultural system that follows nature's model by always retaining part of the forest after harvesting.  2, record 8, English, - variable%20retention

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Standing trees are left in a dispersed or aggregated form to meet objectives such as retaining old growth structure, habitat protection and visual quality. Variable retention retains structural features (snags, large woody debris, live trees of varying sizes and canopy levels) as habitat for a host of forest organisms.  2, record 8, English, - variable%20retention

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Système sylvicole [...] qui suit le modèle de la nature en conservant toujours une partie de la forêt après la coupe.  2, record 8, French, - r%C3%A9tention%20variable

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Des arbres sont laissés sur pied (répartis ou en groupes) pour atteindre des objectifs comme le maintien de la structure de la vieille forêt, la protection des habitats et la qualité visuelle. La rétention variable conserve des caractéristiques structurales (chicots, gros débris ligneux, arbres vivants de diverses tailles et positions dans le couvert) comme habitat pour une variété d'organismes forestiers.  2, record 8, French, - r%C3%A9tention%20variable

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Total tree harvesting machine that cuts the lateral root system, lifts the tree and its taproot from the ground and lets it fall on the forest floor.  4, record 9, English, - tree%20extractor

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Looks like a conventional feller-buncher.  4, record 9, English, - tree%20extractor

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dispositif de récolte de l'arbre complet, qui sectionne le système radiculaire radial de l'arbre et en extrait le pivot tout en soulevant l'arbre pour le déposer ensuite au sol.  2, record 9, French, - extracteur%20d%27arbres

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A harvesting system by which] trees are felled, then limbed and topped and, if necessary(i. e. trees are very long) bucked into log lengths on the terrain.  1, record 10, English, - tree%20length%2Flog%20length%20harvesting

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources came into force in 1982, as part of the Antarctic Treaty System. It was established mainly in response to concerns that an increase in krill catches in the Southern Ocean could have a serious effect on populations of krill and other marine life; particularly on birds, seals and fish which mainly depend on krill for food. The aim of the Convention is to conserve marine life. This does not exclude harvesting as long as such harvesting is carried out in a rational manner.  2, record 11, English, - Convention%20on%20the%20Conservation%20of%20Antarctic%20Marine%20Living%20Resources

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La Convention sur la conservation de la faune et de la flore marines de l'Antarctique est entrée en vigueur en 1982, dans le cadre du Système du traité sur l'Antarctique. Elle a été établie principalement pour faire face aux inquiétudes à l'égard du grand risque d'impact de l'augmentation des captures de krill dans l'océan Austral sur les populations de krill et d'autres organismes marins, notamment les oiseaux, les phoques et les poissons qui dépendent directement du krill pour se nourrir. La Convention a pour objectif de conserver la vie marine, sans toutefois exclure l'exploitation dans les mesures où elle est menée de manière rationnelle.  1, record 11, French, - Convention%20sur%20la%20conservation%20de%20la%20faune%20et%20de%20la%20flore%20marines%20de%20l%27Antarctique

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A system of forest management in which forest lands are used for a variety of purposes, including timber harvesting, recreation, wildlife management, and others.  3, record 12, English, - multiple%2Duse%20forestry

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode de gestion forestière par lequel les territoires boisés sont exploités à des fins multiples telles que la récolte du bois, les activités récréatives, la gestion de la faune, etc.  3, record 12, French, - am%C3%A9nagement%20forestier%20polyvalent

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The portion of the bole which is larger than some minimum diameter, generally four inches or more, and of commercial value.  2, record 13, English, - merchantable%20bole

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The merchantable bole is the only portion of the tree removed from the forest during commercial logging operations. The tops, branches and stump-root system are not removed during harvesting.  2, record 13, English, - merchantable%20bole

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

In terms of tree components, the greatest quantity of forest biomass is in the merchantable stem wood (49%), followed by branches (11%). The percentages vary somewhat among the species groups: hemlock, cedar and Douglas-fir (predominantly west coast species) have proportionally more merchantable stem wood biomass than spruce, pine, and fir; this is at least partly due to the larger average tree size.  2, record 13, English, - merchantable%20bole

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Bois du tronc compris entre la hauteur de souche jusqu'à celle du diamètre minimal au fin bout (à l'intérieur de l'écorce) pouvant être utilisé comme bois à pâte, bille de sciage ou encore destiné à la production de combustibles et carburants de synthèse.  3, record 13, French, - bois%20de%20tige%20marchand

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En terme de composantes de l'arbre, la plus grande quantité de biomasse forestière est constituée du bois de tige marchand (49 %), suivi des branches (11 %). Les pourcentages varient quelque peu d'un groupe d'essences à l'autre : la pruche, le thuya et le douglas taxifolié surtout (essences de la côte Ouest) comptent proportionnellement une quantité plus élevée de biomasse de bois de tige marchand que l'épinette, le pin et le sapin; cela est dû au moins en partie à la taille moyenne plus élevée de l'arbre.  1, record 13, French, - bois%20de%20tige%20marchand

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

C'est ainsi que les mesures de superficies et de troncs marchands généralement utilisées pour évaluer les quantités disponibles de biomasse forestière ne suffisent plus.  2, record 13, French, - bois%20de%20tige%20marchand

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Biomass material constituted of chemically grown cells.  2, record 14, English, - cell%20biomass

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cell: Basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms. It is a complex collection of molecules with many different activities that are integrated to form a functional unit.  3, record 14, English, - cell%20biomass

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The use of growing cells in suspension as biocatalysts is generally termed fermentation. Such processes may be distinguished as batch, fed batch or continuous depending on the kinetic relationship between addition of substrate and harvesting of product. Non-growing systems include the use of suspensions, cells retained within a semipermeable membrane, or cells immobilized in or on a solid support. Such immobilized cells may be used in a fixed bed, expanded bed, fluid bed or fully mixed system.... Although many so-called fermentation reactions are carried out under aerobic conditions, these are of little interest in the present context since, when oxygen is used as the terminal electron acceptor, the production of low molecular weight metabolites of the type required is restricted and a high proportion of the carbon in the feedstock is converted into cell biomass.  1, record 14, English, - cell%20biomass

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'immobilisation cellulaire. Immobiliser les microalgues sur des supports poreux, transparents à la lumière, perméables aux échanges gazeux et à l'eau chargée de sels minéraux, c'est résoudre le problème ultérieur de la récolte par séparation de la phase liquide (milieu de culture) et de la phase solide (biomasse cellulaire).  2, record 14, French, - biomasse%20cellulaire

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Quality was of primary importance in developing the pond harvesting system. The shrimp has to be harvested rapidly and on a continuous basis and iced as quickly as possible to retard cellular breakdown and resulting body weight loss in the shrimp. This has been accomplished quite uniquely through a foot valve, pump and dewatering system in combination that deposits the shrimp directly from the pond and into a conveyorized ice bath bringing the temperature of the shrimp down to approximately 40 [degrees) F immediately after removing them from the pond.  1, record 15, English, - pond%20harvesting%20system

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Methods of harvesting naturally depend on the culture system, the species cultured and the form in which the product is to be marketed. Properly designed fish ponds have special provisions for draining and easy harvesting, whereas in pens and similar enclosures suitable nets and other fishing devices have to be used.  2, record 15, English, - pond%20harvesting%20system

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The hydraulic bear hug consists of two powerful bunching arms equipped with a steel cable tensioning system(Morcan Industries Ltd, Morcan Presents a New Concept in Modern Forest Harvesting).  1, record 16, English, - tensioning%20system

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Câble passant dans les mâchoires d'une pince de débardage et s'adaptant automatiquement à la grosseur de la charge, pour retenir celle-ci durant les déplacements.  1, record 16, French, - serre%2Dcharge

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Development of Full Forest Harvesting Systems. If forests are to be fully utilized and all above ground components used, it will be necessary to modify conventional harvesting systems, which have been mainly concerned with harvesting tree boles, and develop whole tree harvesting techniques.  1, record 17, English, - full%20forest%20harvesting%20system

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish