TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A physical object that displays changes(fire effects) from exposure to heat, flame, and combustion by-products that can reveal the direction of a fire progression at a precise location with accurate analysis.  2, record 1, English, - fire%20pattern%20indicator

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An instructional aid in which the sides of an equilateral triangle represent the three factors necessary for combustion and flame production(i. e. oxygen, heat, and fuel).  2, record 2, English, - fire%20triangle

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

When any one of [the three] factors is removed, flame production is not possible or ceases.  2, record 2, English, - fire%20triangle

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Outil didactique en forme de triangle équilatéral dont les côtés représentent les trois facteurs nécessaires à la combustion et à la production de flammes (oxygène, chaleur et combustible).  2, record 2, French, - triangle%20du%20feu

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Representación del fuego mediante un triángulo equílatero en el que se simbolizan en cada uno de sus lados los factores esenciales para que el mismo exista: combustible, comburente y calor.  2, record 2, Spanish, - tri%C3%A1ngulo%20del%20fuego

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

El fuego se extingue si se destruye el triángulo eliminado o acortando alguno de sus lados.  2, record 2, Spanish, - tri%C3%A1ngulo%20del%20fuego

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

As a heating fuel, hydrogen is a cleaner-burning molecule that can be a substitute for combustion of fossil fuels in applications where high-grade heat is needed and where electric heating is not the best option.  4, record 3, English, - high%20temperature%20heat

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

En tant que combustible de chauffage, l'hydrogène est une molécule plus propre qui peut remplacer la combustion de combustibles fossiles dans des applications où une chaleur de haute température est nécessaire et où le chauffage électrique n'est pas la meilleure option.  2, record 3, French, - chaleur%20de%20haute%20temp%C3%A9rature

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Se situe généralement entre 300 °C et 600 °C (mais il n'y a pas encore d'unanimité à ce sujet).  3, record 3, French, - chaleur%20de%20haute%20temp%C3%A9rature

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Los gases renovables, y singularmente el hidrógeno [...] son la única alternativa para descarbonizar procesos industriales que requieren calor de alta temperatura [...]  1, record 3, Spanish, - calor%20de%20alta%20temperatura

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A boiler in which the water to be vaporized is housed in a drum through which horizontal tubes (fire tubes) are run.  1, record 4, English, - horizontal%20return%2Dtube%20boiler

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fire-tube boilers may be designed for vertical, inclined, or horizontal positions. One of the most generally used types is the horizontal-return-tube(HRT) boiler. In the HRT boiler, part of the heat from the combustion gases is transferred directly to the lower portion of the shell. The gases then make a return pass through the horizontal tubes or flues before being passed into the stack.  2, record 4, English, - horizontal%20return%2Dtube%20boiler

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The ... horizontal return tube boiler ... gets it’s name from the horizontal fire tubes which run back-to-front through the lower half of the boiler drum. The gas burner is located under the front half of the boiler drum. The hot gases then pass to the rear of the fire box where they turn round and return to the front via the fire tubes and into the smoke box. (see this picture for a clearer description).  4, record 4, English, - horizontal%20return%2Dtube%20boiler

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gases from an external furnace are passed through the tubes for heat transfer to the drum water.  1, record 4, English, - horizontal%20return%2Dtube%20boiler

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les chaudières en fonte sectionnées sont réservées aux moyennes puissances (jusqu'à 1300 kW). Les chaudières de grande puissance (jusqu'à 5800 kW) sont généralement des chaudières sectionnées en acier, ou des chaudières à tubes de fumée verticaux ou horizontaux. Dans ce type de chaudières, les fumées effectuent un parcours dans des tubes qui servent de récupérateur et où elles perdent leur chaleur résiduelle.  2, record 4, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20tubulaire%20%C3%A0%20retour%20horizontal

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The tendency of heat, smoke, and other products of combustion to rise until they encounter a horizontal obstruction, at which point they will spread laterally until they encounter vertical obstructions and begin to bank downward.  1, record 5, English, - mushrooming

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Tendance qu'ont la chaleur, la fumée et d'autres produits de combustion à monter jusqu'à ce qu'ils rencontrent un obstacle horizontal qui orientera leur course de façon latérale vers un obstacle vertical qui, lui, orientera leur propagation vers le bas.  1, record 5, French, - effet%20champignon

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of ventilating a fire in a building by directing a fog stream of water out a window to increase air and smoke movement.  1, record 6, English, - hydraulic%20ventilation

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hydraulic ventilation is used to clear the room or building of smoke, heat, steam, and gases after a fire has been controlled. This technique uses the air movement created by a fog stream to help draw the products of combustion out of the structure.  1, record 6, English, - hydraulic%20ventilation

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique mise en œuvre pour ventiler un bâtiment en feu qui consiste à projeter un jet diffusé d'eau par une fenêtre afin de mieux faire circuler l'air et la fumée.  1, record 6, French, - ventilation%20par%20jet%20d%27eau

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La ventilation par jet d'eau sert à disperser la fumée, la chaleur, la vapeur et les gaz d'une pièce ou d'un bâtiment une fois que l'incendie a été maîtrisé. Cette technique fait appel au mouvement de l'air créé par le jet diffusé pour aider à refouler les produits de combustion à l'extérieur du bâtiment.  1, record 6, French, - ventilation%20par%20jet%20d%27eau

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A wood boiler uses combustion to heat water that will then be distributed to meet the demands of different heat loads : radiant floors, radiators, water to air heat exchangers, domestic hot water, pool, spa, etc.  2, record 7, English, - wood%2Dfired%20boiler

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

wood-fired boiler: term standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Air Pollutant Emission Inventory Report.  6, record 7, English, - wood%2Dfired%20boiler

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

wood furnace; wood-fired boiler: terms standardized by Environment Canada and the Translation Bureau for use in the Black Carbon Inventory.  6, record 7, English, - wood%2Dfired%20boiler

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les chaudières à bois. Elles sont conçues spécialement pour fonctionner au bois. Elles brûlent particulièrement des bûches, mais aussi des déchets (sauf la sciure) : planches de démolition, sarments, coupes de haies, cartons, vieux emballages, papiers.  4, record 7, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20bois

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

chaudière à bois : terme normalisé par Environnement Canada et le Bureau de la traduction dans le cadre de l'inventaire de carbone noir et de l'Inventaire des émissions de polluants atmosphériques.  5, record 7, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20bois

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Many people think that cars with a leaded fuel option cannot run on anything else. But manufacturers do not prohibit the use of lead-free gas for those cars that aren’t equipped with catalytic converters ...  3, record 8, English, - unleaded%20gasoline

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

gas: ... short [form] for gasoline.  7, record 8, English, - unleaded%20gasoline

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In the source "Environment Update", the more generic term "fuel", which applies to any material(oil, gas, coal, etc.) burned to supply heat or power, is sometimes used to mean "gasoline", that is a fuel for internal combustion engines consisting essentially of volatile flammable liquid hydrocarbons.  4, record 8, English, - unleaded%20gasoline

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 OBS

unleaded gasoline; no-lead gasoline: terms officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick).  4, record 8, English, - unleaded%20gasoline

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Carburant à indice d'octane normal, ne contenant pas d'additif au plomb, destiné à alimenter les moteurs à allumage par bougies munis de systèmes antipollution, fonctionnant dans toutes les conditions climatiques.  3, record 8, French, - essence%20sans%20plomb

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

essence sans plomb : terme et définition normalisés par l'Office de la langue française du Québec.  4, record 8, French, - essence%20sans%20plomb

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS

essence sans plomb : terme uniformisé par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick).  4, record 8, French, - essence%20sans%20plomb

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Measurement of Heat of Combustion. In boiler practice, the heat of combustion of a fuel is the amount of heat, expressed in Btu, generated by the complete combustion(or oxidation) of a unit weight(1 pound in the United States) of fuel. Calorific value or "fuel Btu value" are other terms used... For accurate heat values of solid and liquid fuels calorimeter determinations are required. However, approximate heat values may be determined for most coals if the ultimate chemical analysis is known.  2, record 9, English, - heat%20of%20combustion

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contrary to French usage, English usage does not distinguish between "heat of combustion" and "calorific power. "  8, record 9, English, - heat%20of%20combustion

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le pouvoir calorifique d'un combustible représente la quantité de chaleur qui peut être dégagé par la combustion complète de l'unité de masse (dans le cas des combustibles solides ou liquides) ou de volume (pour les combustibles gazeux) de ce combustible [...] Le plus souvent il est exprimé en millithermies [...] et rapporté au kilogramme pour les combustibles solides ou liquides, et au mètre cube normal [...] pour les gaz.  3, record 9, French, - pouvoir%20calorifique

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 2 CONT

La détermination précise du pouvoir calorifique à la bombe ou au calorimètre exige un opérateur très minutieux et un matériel adapté. Aussi se contente-t-on souvent de calculer une valeur approchée [...]  3, record 9, French, - pouvoir%20calorifique

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette chaleur de combustion est rapportée à la mole; si on l'exprime par rapport à l'unité de masse ou de volume du combustible, elle prend le nom de pouvoir calorifique.  3, record 9, French, - pouvoir%20calorifique

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cantidad de calor que se emite en la combustión total de una unidad de masa de un material o producto combustible.  1, record 9, Spanish, - poder%20calor%C3%ADfico

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The measurement of a property from quantities that, in principle, define the property.  2, record 10, English, - direct%20measurement

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

For example, the determination of the calorific value of a gas using the thermometric measurement of the energy released in the form of heat during the combustion of a known amount of gas.  2, record 10, English, - direct%20measurement

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

direct measurement: term and definition standardized by ISO in 2014.  3, record 10, English, - direct%20measurement

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mesurage d’une propriété à partir de grandeurs qui, en principe, définissent cette propriété.  3, record 10, French, - mesurage%20direct

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Par exemple, détermination du pouvoir calorifique d’un gaz par mesurage thermométrique de l’énergie dégagée sous forme de chaleur pendant la combustion d’une quantité connue de ce gaz.  3, record 10, French, - mesurage%20direct

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 2 OBS

mesurage direct : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO en 2014.  4, record 10, French, - mesurage%20direct

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The heat of combustion of a substance under specified conditions.  1, record 11, English, - effective%20heat%20of%20combustion

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

effective heat of combustion : term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 11, English, - effective%20heat%20of%20combustion

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Chaleur de combustion d'une substance dans des conditions spécifiées.  1, record 11, French, - chaleur%20de%20combustion%20effective

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

chaleur de combustion effective : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 11, French, - chaleur%20de%20combustion%20effective

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A fireplace that uses advanced combustion and heat exchange to increase heating efficiency.  1, record 12, English, - high%2Defficiency%20fireplace

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Foyer construit selon des techniques avancées de combustion et d’échange thermique pour augmenter l’efficacité de chauffage.  1, record 12, French, - foyer%20haute%20performance

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Combustion of a material in the solid phase without flame but with emission of light from the combustion zone.  3, record 13, English, - glowing%20combustion

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Flaming combustion burns wood fuel gases. It is the burning of the gases that produces the flame. The radiant heat of flaming combustion also preheats and pre-ignites unburned wood. Glowing combustion occurs only in cooler sections of the fire. It is the same chemical reaction as flaming combustion but burns wood fuel solids. Some of the wood glows red with glowing combustion. Sometimes flaming combustion proceeds until only ash, water and carbon dioxide remain; at other times wood cools off enough to stop burning before all the charcoal is consumed.  4, record 13, English, - glowing%20combustion

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT

There was more residue left for both samples at the end of flaming combustion than at the end of the test, but glowing combustion (surface oxidative combustion) consumed some of the residues during the two minutes non-flaming exposure.  2, record 13, English, - glowing%20combustion

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

glowing combustion: term and definition standardized by ISO.  5, record 13, English, - glowing%20combustion

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Combustion d'un matériau, à l'état solide, sans flamme mais avec émission de lumière émanant de la zone de combustion.  1, record 13, French, - incandescence%20avec%20combustion

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

incandescence : Émission de rayonnement visible d'origine thermique.  4, record 13, French, - incandescence%20avec%20combustion

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Si la réaction [de combustion] est assez rapide, le dégagement de chaleur est suffisant pour que le corps combustible soit porté à l'incandescence; on dit qu'il y a «combustion vive» [...]. Si l'oxydation est assez lente pour que la chaleur dégagée se dissipe sans échauffer notablement le corps combustible, on dit qu'il y a «combustion lente», appelée plus communément oxydation [...]  4, record 13, French, - incandescence%20avec%20combustion

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 3 OBS

incandescence avec combustion : terme normalisé par l'ISO mais mal formé; définition normalisée par l'ISO.  5, record 13, French, - incandescence%20avec%20combustion

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Combustión de un material en la fase sólida sin llama pero con emisión de luz de la zona de combustión.  1, record 13, Spanish, - combusti%C3%B3n%20incandescente

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Flaming combustion is one example of a chemical chain reaction. Sufficient heat will cause fuel and oxygen to form free radicals and initiate the self-sustained chemical reaction.  1, record 14, English, - chemical%20chain%20reaction

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La combustion vive est un exemple d'une réaction chimique en chaîne. Sous l'action d'une chaleur suffisante, le combustible et l'oxygène forment des radicaux libres et déclenchent la réaction chimique autogène.  1, record 14, French, - r%C3%A9action%20chimique%20en%20cha%C3%AEne

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Calorific energy which could be released by the complete combustion of a unit mass of a material.  1, record 15, English, - heat%20of%20combustion

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

heat of combustion; calorific potential : terms and definition standardized by ISO [International Organization for Standardization].  2, record 15, English, - heat%20of%20combustion

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Énergie calorifique susceptible d'être dégagée par la combustion complète d'un matériau par unité de masse.  1, record 15, French, - chaleur%20de%20combustion

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

chaleur de combustion; potentiel calorifique : termes et définition normalisés par l'ISO [Organisation internationale de normalisation].  2, record 15, French, - chaleur%20de%20combustion

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Energía calorífica que se podría liberar por la combustión completa dividida por la masa de un material.  1, record 15, Spanish, - calor%20de%20combusti%C3%B3n

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A plant that utilizes waste heat from large gas turbines(driven by gases from the combustion of fuels) to generate steam for conventional steam turbines, thus extracting the maximum amount of useful work from fuel combustion. It may produce fuel(char) as well as electric power.  3, record 16, English, - combined%20cycle%20plant

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The synonym "combined cycle power plant" was found in The Economist, April 10, 1982.  4, record 16, English, - combined%20cycle%20plant

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Centrale électrique comprenant un générateur à turbine à gaz dont les gaz d'échappement alimentent une chaudière utilisant les rejets thermiques (cette dernière pouvant être pourvue ou non de brûleurs supplémentaires) et la vapeur produite dans la chaudière entraîne un turbo-générateur.  3, record 16, French, - centrale%20%C3%A0%20cycle%20mixte

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Centrale à cycle combiné. [...] Il peut y avoir des variantes du cycle de base et le gaz pour la chambre de combustion de la turbine à gaz peut être produit dans une installation de gazéification de charbon.  3, record 16, French, - centrale%20%C3%A0%20cycle%20mixte

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La viabilité d'une unité intégrée gazéification/cycle mixte a déjà été démontrée : une telle centrale, mise en service en mai 1984 [...] produit environ 100 mégawatts d'électricité à partir de diverses sortes de charbon [...]  4, record 16, French, - centrale%20%C3%A0%20cycle%20mixte

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Instalación productora de energía eléctrica que comprende un generador de turbina de gas cuyos gases de escape alimentan una caldera de calor residual que puede tener, o no tener, un quemador suplementario, y el vapor producido por la caldera se usa para hacer funcionar un generador de turbina de vapor.  1, record 16, Spanish, - instalaci%C3%B3n%20de%20ciclo%20combinado

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Since the conversion of the fuel to energy takes place via an electrochemical process, not combustion, a hydrogen fuel cell vehicle is a zero-emissions vehicle that only emits water and heat as its waste products.  2, record 17, English, - hydrogen%20fuel%20cell%20vehicle

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Puisque la conversion du combustible en énergie se fait par procédé électrochimique, et non par combustion, un véhicule à pile à hydrogène n’émet aucune émission; ses seuls déchets sont de l'eau et la chaleur.  2, record 17, French, - v%C3%A9hicule%20%C3%A0%20pile%20%C3%A0%20combustible%20hydrog%C3%A8ne

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Passive agents are materials that absorb heat but do not participate actively in the combustion reaction.  1, record 18, English, - passive%20agent

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les agents passifs sont des matériaux qui absorbent la chaleur sans toutefois participer activement à la réaction de combustion.  1, record 18, French, - agent%20passif

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The amount of fuel contributed by a substance is normally measured by its heat of combustion.  2, record 19, English, - fuel%20contributed%20by%20a%20substance

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The actual heat produced by combustion divided by total heat potential of the fuel consumed.  2, record 20, English, - combustion%20efficiency

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

La chaleur réelle produite par la combustion divisée par le potentiel thermique du combustible brûlé.  2, record 20, French, - rendement%20de%20combustion

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[An ignition that] occurs when a mixture of fuel and oxygen encounter an external heat... source with sufficient heat energy to start the combustion reaction.  1, record 21, English, - piloted%20ignition

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[Inflammation qui] se produit lorsqu'un mélange de combustible et d'oxygène rencontre une source de chaleur externe [...] et dégage suffisamment d'énergie thermique pour déclencher une réaction de combustion.  1, record 21, French, - inflammation%20amorc%C3%A9e

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The stage of [the] burning process where energy release is at maximum rate and is limited only by availability of fuel and oxygen.  1, record 22, English, - fully%20developed%20stage

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the fully developed stage, the fire is ventilation controlled in that heat release is dependent on the compartment openings, which are providing oxygen to support the ongoing combustion reaction and releasing products of combustion.  1, record 22, English, - fully%20developed%20stage

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phase du processus de combustion dans laquelle la libération de l'énergie est maximale [et] n'est limitée que par les quantités de combustion et d'oxygène disponibles.  1, record 22, French, - phase%20de%20combustion%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ralis%C3%A9e

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

À la phase de combustion généralisée, le feu est contrôlé par la ventilation car le dégagement de chaleur dépend des ouvertures qui assurent l'apport en oxygène nécessaire pour entretenir la réaction en combustion et le dégagement de produits de combustion.  1, record 22, French, - phase%20de%20combustion%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ralis%C3%A9e

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A form of wet or partially quenched combustion where air and water are injected simultaneously or alternately after a small heat bank has been formed.  3, record 23, English, - combination%20of%20forward%20combustion%20and%20waterflooding

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A procedure or arrangement in which some material goes through a cyclic process and one form of energy, such as heat at an elevated temperature from combustion of a fuel, is in part converted to another form, such as mechanical energy of a shaft, the remainder being rejected to a lower temperature sink.  1, record 24, English, - thermodynamic%20cycle

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus thermodynamique dont les états d'équilibre initial et final sont identiques.  1, record 24, French, - cycle%20thermodynamique

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les cycles les plus connus sont : le cycle de Carnot, le cycle de Rankine, le cycle de Hirn, le cycle de Brayton, et le cycle de Beau de Rochas. Les centrales solaires utilisent des cycles du type Rankine ou Brayton. Les moteurs à combustibles renouvelables ont des cycles du type Beau de Rochas.  1, record 24, French, - cycle%20thermodynamique

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Any technique by which heat, smoke and other products of combustion are channeled horizontally out of a structure by way of existing or created horizontal openings such as windows, doors or other holes in walls.  1, record 25, English, - horizontal%20ventilation

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique par laquelle la chaleur, la fumée et les autres produits de combustion sont éliminés à l'extérieur du bâtiment par des ouvertures horizontales existantes ou créées (fenêtres, portes ou trous dans les murs).  1, record 25, French, - ventilation%20horizontale

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The proportions of air and fuel (by weight) supplied for combustion.  1, record 26, English, - air%2Dfuel%20ratio

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The influence of oxygen is important because of growing interest in applying oxygen enrichment to natural gas-fired industrial furnaces. The advantage of adding oxygen to the air or fuel stream, while keeping the air-to-fuel ratio constant, is increased heat flux-this results in more efficient combustion design. Oxygen enrichment for the intake air of internal combustion engines has also been considered, as a measure to control exhaust pollutants, especially particulate emissions, from diesel engines.  2, record 26, English, - air%2Dfuel%20ratio

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'influence de l'oxygène est importante, à cause de l'intérêt de plus en plus grand porté à l'application de l'enrichissement en oxygène aux fournaises industrielles qui fonctionnent au gaz naturel. L'avantage d'ajouter de l'oxygène à l'air ou au jet de combustible se traduit par une augmentation du flux de chaleur, tout en gardant constant le rapport air/combustible, ce qui produit des systèmes de combustion plus efficaces. L'enrichissement à l'oxygène dans l'admission d'air des moteurs à combustion interne, a aussi été considéré comme mesure possible pour limiter les polluants dans les gaz d'échappement des moteurs diésels, plus particulièrement les émissions particulaires.  2, record 26, French, - rapport%20du%20m%C3%A9lange%20air%2Dcarburant

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The burner(as distinguished from the pilot burner) which delivers fuel to the combustion chamber(and mixes it with air) where it is burned to provide heat to the desired space.  3, record 28, English, - main%20burner

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

From the main burner [the gas] goes into the combustion chamber of the heating equipment where it is ignited by the pilot burner.  2, record 28, English, - main%20burner

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

main burner: term officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick).  4, record 28, English, - main%20burner

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si la veilleuse s'éteint, le siège du robinet de sécurité, n'étant plus retenu par l'électro-aimant (alimenté par le thermocouple), retournera en position de fermeture, coupant ainsi l'alimentation en gaz tant à la veilleuse qu'au brûleur principal.  2, record 28, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20principal

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 OBS

brûleur principal : terme uniformisé par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick).  3, record 28, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20principal

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The Fire Radiative Power product(FRP, in megawatts) provides information on the measured radiant heat output of detected fires. It has been demonstrated in small-scale experimental fires that the amount of radiant heat energy liberated per unit time(the Fire Radiative Power) is related to the rate at which fuel is being consumed. This is a direct result of the combustion process, whereby carbon-based fuel is oxidised to CO₂ with the release of a certain "heat yield. "Therefore, measuring this FRP and integrating it over the lifetime of the fire provides an estimate of the total Fire Radiative Energy(FRE), which for wildfires should be proportional to the total mass of fuel biomass combusted.  1, record 29, English, - fire%20radiative%20power

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La valeur de la puissance radiative du feu (FRP) sera ajoutée (pas encore inclus). Plus d'information sur notre site Web dès que disponible.  1, record 29, French, - puissance%20radiative%20du%20feu

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Combined cycle gas turbine means a stationary turbine combustion system where heat from the turbine exhaust gases is recovered by a steam generating unit.  2, record 30, English, - combined%20cycle%20gas%20turbine

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The heat of reaction resulting from the complete burning of a substance and expressed variously (as in calories per gram or per mole or esp. for fuels in British thermal units per pound or per cubic foot).  3, record 31, English, - heat%20of%20combustion

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Contrary to French usage, English usage does not distinguish between "heat of combustion" and "calorific power. "  7, record 31, English, - heat%20of%20combustion

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] quantité de chaleur produite par la combustion d'une mole de corps pur, à pression constante ou à volume constant.  3, record 31, French, - chaleur%20de%20combustion

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette chaleur de combustion est rapportée à la mole; si on l'exprime par rapport à l'unité de masse ou de volume du combustible, elle prend le nom de pouvoir calorifique.  4, record 31, French, - chaleur%20de%20combustion

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cantidad de calor que se emite durante una reacción de combustión.  2, record 31, Spanish, - calor%20de%20combusti%C3%B3n

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A boiler with straight tubes which are surrounded by water and steam and through which the combusted products pass.  2, record 32, English, - fire%2Dtube%20boiler

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A steam boiler in which hot gaseous products of combustion pass through tubes surrounded by boiler water. The water and steam in fire-tube boilers are contained within a large-diameter drum or shell, and such units often are referred to as shell-type boilers. Heat from the products of combustion is transferred to the boiler water by tubes or flues of relatively small diameter(approximately 3-4 in.) through which the hot gases flow.  4, record 32, English, - fire%2Dtube%20boiler

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les chaudières sont de deux types principaux, les chaudières à tubes de flamme dans lesquelles les fluides chauds passent dans des tubes immergés dans l'eau, ou les chaudières à tubes d'eau, dans lesquelles les fluides chauds circulent autour des tubes contenant l'eau.  5, record 32, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20tubes%20de%20fum%C3%A9e

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

générateur; chaudière : Certains auteurs semblent employer indifféremment ces termes, peu importe l'importance de l'appareil. Cependant, de façon générale, «générateur» serait réservé aux «appareils de chauffage de très grande importance»; dans d'autres cas, le terme «générateur», prendrait le sens général «d'appareil qui produit de la chaleur».  7, record 32, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20tubes%20de%20fum%C3%A9e

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

We are deeply involved in cogeneration plants including biomass and gas turbines. ... Co-Generation Power Island. .... "Power Islands," "Merchant Plants," "Across the Fence Cogeneration," "Third Party Steam Plants," and "Client CHP" are some of the names used to refer to unconventional commercial arrangements for the production and procurement of steam and electrical power to pulp and paper mills. Although the term "Power Island" is often used to describe third party cogeneration facilities, the concept is completely different from an island. The power house that provides the steam and power to the mill has a direct and immediate effect on the pulp mill’s operational stability and uptime as well as the operating costs.  2, record 33, English, - power%20island

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The IGCC [Integrated Gasification with Combined Cycle] demonstration plant in Puertollano features many advantages compared to conventional coal fired power stations with flue gas desulphurization(FGD) and DeNOx systems :... The plant consists of the following three main units : Power island, gasification island, and oxygen production plant(Air Separation).... The power island. The combined cycle in the Puertollano plant... can be operated both with natural gas and synthesis gas. The main features are : A 200 MWe(ISO) Siemens model V94. 3 gas turbine. A three-pressure level and IP steam reheating heat recovery steam generator designed by Babcock able to additionally superheat the steam generated through raw gas cooling in the gasification. A two casing reheat steam turbine designed by Siemens that delivers roughly 135 MWe. The clean coal gas is burned by the coal gas burners in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine. The sensible heat of extracted air is used for clean gas saturation, low pressure steam production and preheating of impure nitrogen. [Text accompanied by a schematic diagram. ]  3, record 33, English, - power%20island

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The liberalization of the energy market is demanding more-efficient power plants using cheaper fuels. ... The first option ... is to convert old oil- or existing gas-fired power plants to new combined-cycle power plants. The second option is to convert old oil- or existing gas-fired units to efficient and environmentally friendly power plants that burn cheaper fuels, using the best available technology for the power island and the flue gas treatment equipment.  4, record 33, English, - power%20island

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Power island turbine generator.  5, record 33, English, - power%20island

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les ingénieurs français de la firme qui réalisait l'étude d'avant-projet de la centrale du Suroît avaient pour habitude d'utiliser l'expression «îlot puissance». On trouve aussi «îlot de puissance» dans un schéma publié par la compagnie Alstom et «îlot gazéification» [équivalent du terme anglais voisin «gasification island», voir aussi cette fiche] dans un article des Techniques de l'ingénieur portant sur la technologie de gazéification intégrée à un cycle combiné (vol. BE 3, article B8920, avril 1997, paragraphe 4.2.1). [Renseignements obtenus du service linguistique d'Hydro-Québec.]  1, record 33, French, - %C3%AElot%20puissance

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Energy derived from materials that would otherwise be wasted.  2, record 34, English, - energy%20from%20waste

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Refuse, crop remains, animal wastes and industrial wastes can provide heat or fuels through biological and chemical conversion processes.... Waste can be used directly as a combustion fuel by incineration, or may be used as a feedstock for the production of gaseous or liquid fuels.  2, record 34, English, - energy%20from%20waste

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Énergie de déchets. Les procédés de conversion chimique ou biologique peuvent permettre d'obtenir de la chaleur ou des combustibles à partir de déchets ou de rejets.  1, record 34, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20de%20d%C3%A9chets

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The disk of the wheel is subjected to heat by conduction from the buckets and may, in some cases, be directly heated by the combustion gases.  1, record 35, English, - combustion%20gases

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'air aspiré à l'extérieur est comprimé, puis sert à brûler le combustible dans la chambre de combustion; les gaz de combustion se détendent à travers la turbine pour fournir la puissance nécessaire à l'entraînement du compresseur, puis dans la tuyère, où leur énergie résiduelle est transformée en poussée.  2, record 35, French, - gaz%20de%20combustion

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Basically, the gasification of solid fuels takes place at elevated temperatures. The heat required for the heating and conversion, is either provided through partial combustion(autothermic process) or through supply of external heat(allothermic process). Compared to the autothermic gasification, the allothermic gasification has the advantage that the fuel does not have to be partially burned in the gasification zone, in order to provide the necessary heat. In the allothermic gasification, the heat can be provided from any external sources, such as for instance high-temperature core reactors, but also from combustion chambers, wherein a fraction of the gas product is burned.  3, record 36, English, - allothermal%20gasification

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Allothermal gasification requires the supply of externally generated heat since the reaction of biological raw material with steam into combustible gas is altogether endothermal.  4, record 36, English, - allothermal%20gasification

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il existe [...] la solution de la gazéification allothermique : on apporte de l'extérieur la chaleur nécessaire à la réaction endothermique de l'eau sur le charbon. On obtient ainsi un gaz à pouvoir calorifique élevé qui convient bien à l'alimentation des turbines à gaz commerciales.  2, record 36, French, - gaz%C3%A9ification%20allothermique

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thermochemical conversion denotes technologies that use elevated temperatures to convert the biomass materials by(a) direct combustion to produce heat;(b) pyrolysis to produce gas, pyrolytic liquids, chemicals and char;(c) gasification to produce low or intermediate joule value gas... and(d) liquefaction to produce heavy fuel oil or, with upgrading, lighter boiling liquid products used as distillates, light fuel oil or gasoline...  4, record 37, English, - thermochemical%20conversion

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Processus thermique et chimique par lesquels des substances riches en carbone sont transformées en produits chimiques intermédiaires pour produire de l'énergie, des carburants, des produits chimiques et des matériaux.  5, record 37, French, - conversion%20thermochimique

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An external combustion engine that converts heat into useable mechanical energy(shaftwork) by the heating(expanding) and cooling(contracting) of a captive gas such as helium or hydrogen.  4, record 38, English, - Stirling%20engine

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

... invented in the nineteenth century [it] is potentially more efficient than a steam engine.  5, record 38, English, - Stirling%20engine

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Moteur à combustion externe qui transforme la chaleur en énergie mécanique utilisable par chauffage (expansion) et refroidissement (contraction) d'un gaz captif tel que l'hélium ou l'hydrogène.  2, record 38, French, - moteur%20Stirling

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The turbojet powerplant... provides an arrangement in which a heat exchanger is located between the compressor and the combustion chamber, in which at least one hot-gas line is branched off from an area downstream of the high-pressure turbine and is connected with the heat exchanger, and in which at least one cold-gas line connects the heat exchanger with an area upstream of the low-pressure turbine.  2, record 39, English, - turbojet%20powerplant

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] le groupe turbopropulseur [...] entraîne une hélice pour propulser l'avion.  3, record 39, French, - groupe%20turbor%C3%A9acteur

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

turboréacteur : Groupe de propulsion d'un avion, générant une poussée basée sur le principe de la réaction en rejetant vers l'arrière à grande vitesse une quantité importante d'air.  3, record 39, French, - groupe%20turbor%C3%A9acteur

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Groupe turboréacteur à double flux, à très haut taux de dilution.  4, record 39, French, - groupe%20turbor%C3%A9acteur

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In general, ovens are either direct fired, or heated by steam. In a direct fired oven the heat is generated through combustion of the fuel, while in the steam heated oven, the steam needed to heat the oven is generated in a boiler.  1, record 40, English, - steam%20heated%20oven

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Four où la cuisson d'un aliment s'effectue grâce à la vapeur produite par un liquide contenu dans un récipient clos.  1, record 40, French, - four%20vapeur

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A component of a steam-generating unit that absorbs heat from the products of combustion after they have passed through the steam-generating and superheating sections.  3, record 41, English, - air%20heater

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Heat recovered from the gas is recycled to the furnace by the combustion air and is absorbed in the steam-generating unit, with a resultant gain in overall thermal efficiency... Air heaters frequently are used in conjunction with economizers, because the temperature of the inlet air is less than that of the feedwater to the economizer...  3, record 41, English, - air%20heater

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Air heaters are usually classed as recuperative or regenerative types. Both types depend upon convection transfer of heat from the gas stream to a metal or other solid surface and upon convection transfer of heat from this surface to the air.  3, record 41, English, - air%20heater

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Regenerative-type, rotary regenerative, plate-type, tubular air heater.  3, record 41, English, - air%20heater

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] récupérateur de chaleur, utilisé concurremment avec l'économiseur pour pousser au maximum le refroidissement des fumées; il est placé après l'économiseur, sur le parcours de celles-ci, parce que la température de l'eau d'alimentation, à l'entrée de l'économiseur, est supérieure à celle de l'air frais.  2, record 41, French, - r%C3%A9chauffeur%20d%27air

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les centrales thermiques conventionnelles posent des problèmes d'épuration d'effluents liquides divers [...], tels que les éluats de régénération des échangeurs d'ions, les effluents alcalins de lavage des réchauffeurs d'air [...]  3, record 41, French, - r%C3%A9chauffeur%20d%27air

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A device used in steam boilers to transfer heat from the flue gases to the combustion air before the later enters the furnace.  2, record 42, English, - air%20preheater

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Réchauffeurs d'air. Leur utilité [...] est de récupérer une certaine quantité de chaleur pour permettre de brûler, sans apport de combustible auxiliaire, des ordures à bas pouvoir calorifique.  2, record 42, French, - r%C3%A9chauffeur%20d%27air

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... a closed vessel in which water, under pressure, is transformed into steam by the application of heat.  3, record 43, English, - steam%20boiler

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 DEF

A pressurized system in which water is vaporized to steam, the desired end product, by heat transferred from a source of higher temperature, usually the products of combustion from burning fuels. Steam thus generated may be used directly as a heating medium, or as the working fluid in a prime mover to convert thermal energy to mechanical work, which in turn may be converted to electrical energy.  4, record 43, English, - steam%20boiler

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Steam boilers are seldom used for heating today, except as replacements in existing systems, and, in large installations, to provide steam for hot water system heat exchangers and for absorption cooling systems.  5, record 43, English, - steam%20boiler

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A Steam Boiler. Boilers are manufactured as either a sectional cast iron boiler or as a steel boiler. The modern boiler is automatically fired using electricity, oil, or gas as the fuel. They are provided with suitable pressure controls, safety firing devices, and protection against damage caused by low water conditions ...  6, record 43, English, - steam%20boiler

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Open vessels and those generating steam at atmospheric pressure are not considered to be boilers.  3, record 43, English, - steam%20boiler

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les chaudières à vapeur sont, d'une façon générale, des appareils dans lesquels on fait bouillir de l'eau pour produire de la vapeur, qui peut être destinée soit à l'alimentation de machines thermiques, soit à des usages divers: cuissons, chauffages, stérilisation, etc. La chaleur nécessaire à l'échauffement et à la vaporisation de l'eau peut être fournie par un foyer, par des gaz chauds récupérés à la sortie d'un autre appareil industriel (four par exemple), par le fluide de refroidissement d'une pile atomique, par le rayonnement solaire, par un courant électrique.  5, record 43, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20vapeur

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

On emploie souvent l'expression «générateur de vapeur» pour désigner une chaudière d'une certaine importance, et surtout lorsqu'elle s'éloigne des anciens types à gros volume d'eau. Cependant, on emploie généralement le terme de «chaudière» lorsqu'on fait suivre du nom du type ou du constructeur, cela tout aussi bien pour des appareils constitués uniquement de tubes de petit diamètre.  6, record 43, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20vapeur

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 2 OBS

générateur; chaudière : Certains auteurs semblent employer indifféremment ces termes, peu importe l'importance de l'appareil. Cependant, de façon générale, «générateur» serait réservé aux «appareils de chauffage de très grande importance»; dans d'autres cas, le terme «générateur», prendrait le sens général, «d'appareil qui produit de la chaleur».  7, record 43, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20vapeur

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Bouilloire : Dans les ouvrages consultés, ce terme est défini, par deux auteurs, comme étant une «chaudière à vapeur»; un autre le définit comme un «appareil de chauffage à eau chaude». Ce terme est considéré comme un calque de l'anglais «boiler» et est donc à éviter.  7, record 43, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20vapeur

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Recipiente para transformar agua en vapor sobrecalentado, absorbiendo calor de una fuente a temperatura mayor.  3, record 43, Spanish, - caldera%20de%20vapor

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Net heat of combustion. In the case of solid fuels and liquid fuels of low volatility, a lower value calculated from gross calorific values as the heat produced by combustion of unit quantity at constant atmospheric pressure, under conditions, such that all water in the products remain in the form of vapor.  11, record 44, English, - lower%20heating%20value

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Heating values are reported as gross(or higher) heating value when the water formed in combustion is condensed, and as net(or lower) heating value when the water from combustion leaves the system as vapor and the heat of condensation is not included.  12, record 44, English, - lower%20heating%20value

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

net heating value; net calorific value: terms used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  13, record 44, English, - lower%20heating%20value

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pouvoir calorifique supérieur diminué de la chaleur latente d'évaporation de l'eau renfermée par le combustible et de celle ayant pris naissance dans sa combustion.  5, record 44, French, - pouvoir%20calorifique%20inf%C3%A9rieur

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On distingue un pouvoir calorifique supérieur (Pcs) comprenant la chaleur de condensation de la vapeur d'eau (l'eau est donc à l'état liquide au stade final de la combustion), et un pouvoir calorifique inférieur (Pci) ou l'eau produite dans la combustion est à l'état final de vapeur.  2, record 44, French, - pouvoir%20calorifique%20inf%C3%A9rieur

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pouvoir calorifique inférieur (p.c.i.; pci; PCI) : terme et abréviations en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  6, record 44, French, - pouvoir%20calorifique%20inf%C3%A9rieur

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Poder calorífico cuando el agua inicialmente presente en un combustible y la resultante en los productos de combustión se encuentran en estado de vapor.  4, record 44, Spanish, - poder%20calor%C3%ADfico%20inferior

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Esta norma cubre a las calderas de baja capacidad, de tubo de humo y tubos de agua sin equipo de recuperación de calor, comercializadas en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, que utilizan combustibles líquidos y/o gaseosos derivados del petróleo, con las siguientes características: Campo de aplicación de la norma; capacidad de 7.5 a 100 Kw; presión hasta 1 MPa. temperatura; saturación. Presenta el método de prueba para determinar la eficiencia térmica de estas calderas. Eficiencia mínima de calderas con base en el poder calorífico inferior.  5, record 44, Spanish, - poder%20calor%C3%ADfico%20inferior

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A raw gas burner with a head (or heads) constructed of refractory material.  1, record 45, English, - radiant%2Dhead%20burner

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The raw gas is ejected from spuds into an opening in the head(s). Combustion heats the head(s) to incandescence, providing a large amount of radiant heat which tends to increase the speed of flame propagation and keep the flame shorter.  1, record 45, English, - radiant%2Dhead%20burner

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dispositif de chauffage à tube radiant, comprenant une partie brûleur (1) dans laquelle un flux de gaz chaud est généré, et un tube radiant (2) constitué d'un système de tubulure.  2, record 45, French, - br%C3%BBleur%20%C3%A0%20t%C3%AAte%20radiante

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An oxygen lance can be used to a limited extent acting effectively as a "reverse combustion" carbon monoxide burner, with the oxygen burning in the cardon monoxide furnace atmosphere, releasing heat by the combustion.  1, record 46, English, - reverse%20combustion

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Phénomène de combustion secondaire provoqué par des tourbillons qui se produisent autour et en arrière de la base d'alimentation d'un brûleur.  1, record 46, French, - r%C3%A9trocombustion

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The trapped vortex combustion(TVC) concept is a revolutionary technology with potential payoffs in almost every category of gas turbine combustor performance including heat release rate, operability, weight, and even cost. High-pressure testing results of a prototype TVC sector indicate it can help meet increased performance requirements while reducing overall emissions. TVC may also be used as a rich-burn, quick-quench, lean-burn method to reduce nitric oxide in ground power gas turbine engines that operate on low-cost fuels containing fuel-bound nitrogen.  3, record 47, English, - rich%2Dburn%2C%20quick%2Dquench%2C%20lean%2Dburn

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because these [Envirotips] manuals are intended to cover all facets of spills and spill planning for the materials, it is desirable to list properties relevant to both immediate action needs and contingency planning. The need for such data as fire properties and liquid density are apparent from fire control and liquid containment standpoints.  1, record 48, English, - fire%20property

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[Data on] Fire properties [of chlorine are:] Flammability ... Behaviour in a fire.  3, record 48, English, - fire%20property

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 3 CONT

[Data on] Fire properties [for ammonia :] Autoignition temperature... Burning rate... Upper flammability limit... Burning characteristics... Heat of combustion... Decomposition temperature [and products]... Explosiveness...  4, record 48, English, - fire%20property

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

"Fire data" and "fire property" are used as synonyms in the context of MSDSs (Material Safety Data Sheets). "Fire data" are not always fire properties in the strict sense of the word.  5, record 48, English, - fire%20property

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le comportement au feu des matières dangereuses inflammables peut être très largement prévu par la connaissance de leurs constantes physico-chimiques. De très précieux renseignements peuvent être déduits de deux catégories de données : Les caractéristiques physiques et thermiques en dehors de toute combustion (densité, température, etc.). Les données associées à la réaction de combustion dans l'air et donc a l'inflammation du produit (point d'éclair, chaleur de combustion, etc.).  2, record 48, French, - donn%C3%A9e%20relative%20%C3%A0%20l%27inflammabilit%C3%A9%20et%20%C3%A0%20la%20combustion

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Données physico-chimiques de la combustion. Les caractéristiques de la réaction chimique du produit avec l'oxygène contenu dans le produit lui-même sont très importantes en matière de prévention [...] : Température d'auto-inflammation [...] Limites d'inflammabilité [...]  2, record 48, French, - donn%C3%A9e%20relative%20%C3%A0%20l%27inflammabilit%C3%A9%20et%20%C3%A0%20la%20combustion

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les expressions en vedette sont longues mais elles ont au moins l'avantage d'être précises ce qui n'est pas le cas de la proposition «propriété au feu», trop elliptique. Voir la fiche «comportement au feu».  5, record 48, French, - donn%C3%A9e%20relative%20%C3%A0%20l%27inflammabilit%C3%A9%20et%20%C3%A0%20la%20combustion

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Il est préférable de parler de «données» plutôt que de «propriétés», car il ne s'agit pas de «propriétés» au sens strict dans tous les cas, (comme par exemple les «burning characteristics»).  5, record 48, French, - donn%C3%A9e%20relative%20%C3%A0%20l%27inflammabilit%C3%A9%20et%20%C3%A0%20la%20combustion

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 3 OBS

physicochimique : Cette graphie, puisée des Rectifications de l'orthographe recommandées par le Conseil supérieur de la langue française, est attestée dans le Petit Robert (2004).  4, record 48, French, - donn%C3%A9e%20relative%20%C3%A0%20l%27inflammabilit%C3%A9%20et%20%C3%A0%20la%20combustion

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 4 OBS

Source du terme «donnée relative à l'inflammabilité et à la combustion» : Les explosifs occasionnels, Médard, 1979, vol. 1, p. 184, 182.  1, record 48, French, - donn%C3%A9e%20relative%20%C3%A0%20l%27inflammabilit%C3%A9%20et%20%C3%A0%20la%20combustion

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An efficiency rating for a furnace measuring the amount of heat delivered by the furnace compared to the amount of heat put into the furnace and then averaged for average winter conditions.  2, record 49, English, - annual%20fuel%20utilization%20efficiency

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Indicated as a percentage, your furnace's AFUE tells you how much energy is being converted to heat. For example, an AFUE of 90 means that 90% of the fuel is being used to warm you home, while the other 10% escapes as exhaust with the combustion gases.  3, record 49, English, - annual%20fuel%20utilization%20efficiency

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 OBS

AFUE is expressed as a percentage.  2, record 49, English, - annual%20fuel%20utilization%20efficiency

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The US government’s established minimum AFUE rating for furnaces is 78%.  4, record 49, English, - annual%20fuel%20utilization%20efficiency

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mesure du rendement des appareils de chauffage fondée sur le rapport entre la chaleur produite et l'intrant énergétique.  2, record 49, French, - rendement%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique%20annuel

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le rendement énergétique annuel (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency, AFUE) des générateurs d'air chaud à condensation alimentés au gaz s'établit entre 90 et 97 p. 100, comparativement à environ 60 p. 100 pour les anciens modèles et entre 78 et 84 p. 100 pour les appareils ordinaires. (L'AFUE est l'étalon de mesure du rendement d'un générateur d'air chaud.)  3, record 49, French, - rendement%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique%20annuel

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Cette norme vise à établir une méthode d'essai pour mesurer le rendement énergétique annuel des échangeurs-pulseurs d'air chaud à démarrage au gaz ayant un débit calorifique de 2 931 kW (10 000 000 Btu/h) ou moins.  4, record 49, French, - rendement%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique%20annuel

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish