TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A special case of process lapse rate, defined as the rate of decrease of temperature with height of an air parcel lifted in a saturation-adiabatic process through an atmosphere in hydrostatic equilibrium.  3, record 1, English, - saturated%20adiabatic%20lapse%20rate

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

So, if condensation is taking place, latent heat is being released to the surrounding air. So you have two opposing trends going on at the same time within this parcel of air. It's rising and cooling, but it's also condensing and being warmed. Which one will win out? That is, will the air get colder, or will it get warmer? Well, what happens is that the air will still cool off, but not as fast. If water vapor in the air is condensing, the adiabatic rate is less. The air is only cooling off at a rate of about 5 degrees C/1000 meters(3. 3 deg per 1000 feet). This is called the Saturated adiabatic lapse rate(or the wet adiabatic lapse rate, or the moist adiabatic lapse rate, depending on the textbook you are using). The saturated lapse rate varies with the original temperature of the air parcel, but 5 degrees C/1000 meters is a commonly used value.  6, record 1, English, - saturated%20adiabatic%20lapse%20rate

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The pseudoadiabatic lapse rate is so close to the moist adiabatic lapse rate that meteorologists tend to ignore this difference and often refer to them synonymously. In fact, on adiabatic charts (or pseudoadiabatic charts), the moist adiabatic lapse rate lines are referred to interchangeably as moist, saturated, or pseudoadiabatic.  7, record 1, English, - saturated%20adiabatic%20lapse%20rate

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Owing to the release of latent heat, this lapse rate is less than the dry-adiabatic lapse rate (...)  3, record 1, English, - saturated%20adiabatic%20lapse%20rate

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gradient adiabatique de l'air saturé.  3, record 1, French, - gradient%20adiabatique%20satur%C3%A9

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le refroidissement par détente [d'une particule d'air saturé en mouvement ascendant] provoque la condensation de la vapeur d'eau et la libération de la chaleur de condensation [...] Dans ce cas, la transformation n'est plus entièrement adiabatique, et la décroissance thermique se réduit à 0,5 °C par 100 m («gradient pseudo-adiabatique»).  2, record 1, French, - gradient%20adiabatique%20satur%C3%A9

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

En raison de la libération de chaleur latente, sa valeur est inférieure à celle du gradient adiabatique de l'air sec.  3, record 1, French, - gradient%20adiabatique%20satur%C3%A9

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Gradiente adiabático del aire saturado.  1, record 1, Spanish, - gradiente%20de%20saturaci%C3%B3n%20adiab%C3%A1tico

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Debido al desprendimiento del calor latente, su magnitud es inferior a la del gradiente adiabático del aire seco.  1, record 1, Spanish, - gradiente%20de%20saturaci%C3%B3n%20adiab%C3%A1tico

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mothballing is the process of stabilizing a facility so that no damage occurs to the facility should it make sense at a later time to incur the capital expenditures associated with continuing to operate, extending the life, or repowering the facility. Typically, a decision to mothball a facility might be made as a hedge against, or in anticipation of, changes in market conditions; i. e., increases in relative fuel prices, or an increase in the value of installed capacity.... Typical activities involved in mothballing a facility might include the following types of activities intended to preserve existing equipment :-’Racking Out’ or removal and storage of motor control center circuit breakers or 'switchgear’(this would also be done for a facility that has been retired and is scheduled for dismantling)-Placing a heat source or desiccants in the furnace to maintain a temperature above the dew point(at which condensation collects and corrodes the boiler structures.)-The application of grease or other coatings to reduce corrosion of components such as pumps and motors.-The installation of an air desiccant system to blow dry air through the steam turbine, condenser, boiler tubes and pipes.  2, record 2, English, - mothballing

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 CONT

decommissioning: Shutting down and placing a plant permanently out of service ... The three stages of decommissioning are mothballing, encasement and dismantling.  3, record 2, English, - mothballing

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 OBS

D'après un spécialiste en gestion des déchets nucléaires qui travaille chez Whiteshell Laboratories au Manitoba, «mise sous surveillance» est préférable.  4, record 2, French, - mise%20sous%20surveillance

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Lorsqu'on veut signifier qu'un lieu, après avoir perdu sa destination première, ne comporte plus les équipements correspondants à sa fonction première, on utilise le terme «désaffectation».  4, record 2, French, - mise%20sous%20surveillance

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 3 OBS

«Mise sous cocon» nous apparaît un peu trop spécifique, la «coconisation» signifiant l'enrobage de matériel sous pellicule plastique pulvérisée. On pourrait peut-être songer à des expressions plus neutres, du type «mise sous protection», «entreposage de sécurité».  4, record 2, French, - mise%20sous%20surveillance

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 4 OBS

mise sous cocon : terme extrait du «Glossaire de l’énergie nucléaire» et reproduit avec l’autorisation de l’Organisation de coopération et de développement économiques.  3, record 2, French, - mise%20sous%20surveillance

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The term [extratropical] implies both poleward displacement of the cyclone and the conversion of the cyclone's primary energy source from the release of latent heat of condensation to baroclinic(the temperature contrast between warm and cold air masses) processes.  1, record 3, English, - primary%20energy%20source

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

extratropical : A term used in advisories and tropical summaries to indicate that a cyclone has lost its "tropical" characteristics. The term implies both poleward displacement of the cyclone and the conversion of the cyclone's primary energy source from the release of latent heat of condensation to baroclinic(the temperature contrast between warm and cold air masses) processes.  1, record 4, English, - poleward%20displacement

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An apparatus for distillation, consisting essentially of a close vessel(alembic, retort, boiler) in which the substance to be distilled is subjected to the action of heat, and of arrangements for the condensation of the vapour produced. Also applied to the alembic or retort separately.  3, record 5, English, - still

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil servant à effectuer la distillation. Il est formé d'une chaudière dans laquelle on place le produit à distiller.  1, record 5, French, - alambic

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An adhesive made from phenol and formaldehyde ...  1, record 6, English, - phenolic%2Dresin%20adhesive

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Phenol-formaldehyde adhesives. Phenol, a poisonous crystalline organic acid, on condensation with formaldehyde, forms a phenolic resin that was one of the first thermosetting adhesives produced. It has been used in plywood, in structural and decorative laminates... Resorcinol, a crystalline phenol, reacts with formaldehyde to form a glue capable of setting without heat like the less costly phenolic resin, but unlike the phenolic glue that cures, or sets, under acid conditions, the resorcinol-formaldehyde adhesive cures under neutral or near neutral conditions.  3, record 6, English, - phenolic%2Dresin%20adhesive

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Adhésif composé de phénol et de formaldéhyde.  4, record 6, French, - adh%C3%A9sif%20ph%C3%A9nolique

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mylar : A proprietary name for a polyester which is the condensation product of ethylene glycol and terephtalic acid and is used in the form of films having high strength and heat resistance.  4, record 7, English, - poly%28oxyethane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyloxyterephthaloyl%29

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Mylar ... Non-mouldable plastics in the form of films for use as a substitute for glass; and electrical insulating materials.  4, record 7, English, - poly%28oxyethane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyloxyterephthaloyl%29

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Commercialized by E.I. DuPont de Nemours and Company, Wilmington, Delaware, USA.  5, record 7, English, - poly%28oxyethane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyloxyterephthaloyl%29

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 OBS

poly(oxyethane-1,2-diyloxyterephthaloyl): form recommended by the IUPAC (International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry).  1, record 7, English, - poly%28oxyethane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyloxyterephthaloyl%29

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Mylar : Marque déposée pour une qualité particulière de pellicule de poly(téréphtalate d'éthylène), très résistante et très peu sensible à l'humidité, qui trouve de très importantes applications comme isolant dans la fabrication de bandes magnétiques, de condensateurs, de fils et de câbles électriques, et dans l'électronique.  4, record 7, French, - poly%28oxy%C3%A9thane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyloxyt%C3%A9r%C3%A9phthaloyl%29

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'observation télescopique du Soleil est très dangereuse. Une méthode sûre, efficace et peu onéreuse consiste à disposer un filtre en mylar aluminié à l'entrée de l'instrument. Il évite ainsi toute concentration importante de la lumière. Il s'agit d'une mince pellicule de polyester sur laquelle a été déposée sous vide une couche aluminium.  5, record 7, French, - poly%28oxy%C3%A9thane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyloxyt%C3%A9r%C3%A9phthaloyl%29

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Mylar : produit aux USA par Dupont de Nemours; le brevet original [pour le] poly(téréphtalate d'éthylène) est actuellement exploité par ICI, en Angleterre, et porte le nom de Melinex.  6, record 7, French, - poly%28oxy%C3%A9thane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyloxyt%C3%A9r%C3%A9phthaloyl%29

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 OBS

poly(oxyéthane-1,2-diyloxytéréphthaloyl) : forme recommandée par l'UICPA (Union internationale de chimie pure et appliquée).  1, record 7, French, - poly%28oxy%C3%A9thane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyloxyt%C3%A9r%C3%A9phthaloyl%29

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 4 OBS

mylar : Consommation et Corporations Canada affirme qu'il est abusif d'employer cette marque de commerce comme terme générique.  7, record 7, French, - poly%28oxy%C3%A9thane%2D1%2C2%2Ddiyloxyt%C3%A9r%C3%A9phthaloyl%29

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Nombre registrado por la empresa DuPont, utilizado para designar una película de poliéster que suele estar recubierta con partículas magnetizables y que se utiliza como medio de almacenamiento magnético.  2, record 7, Spanish, - Mylar

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

heat pipe : A heat-transfer device consisting of a cylinder or tube which absorbs heat by vaporization of a liquid at one end and releases heat by condensation of vapor at the other end.  2, record 8, English, - heat%20pipe%20collector

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

le fluide des tubes ascendants des capteurs à caloducs revient à la base du capteur, suivant un circuit en continu, pour être chauffé de nouveau. De cette façon, la chaleur ne peut pas refluer dans les tubes ascendants au cours des périodes non ensoleillées, quand aucune pression vers le haut n'est exercée par la vapeur ascendante.  2, record 8, French, - capteur%20%C3%A0%20caloducs

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Net heat of combustion. In the case of solid fuels and liquid fuels of low volatility, a lower value calculated from gross calorific values as the heat produced by combustion of unit quantity at constant atmospheric pressure, under conditions, such that all water in the products remain in the form of vapor.  11, record 9, English, - lower%20heating%20value

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Heating values are reported as gross(or higher) heating value when the water formed in combustion is condensed, and as net(or lower) heating value when the water from combustion leaves the system as vapor and the heat of condensation is not included.  12, record 9, English, - lower%20heating%20value

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

net heating value; net calorific value: terms used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector.  13, record 9, English, - lower%20heating%20value

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pouvoir calorifique supérieur diminué de la chaleur latente d'évaporation de l'eau renfermée par le combustible et de celle ayant pris naissance dans sa combustion.  5, record 9, French, - pouvoir%20calorifique%20inf%C3%A9rieur

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On distingue un pouvoir calorifique supérieur (Pcs) comprenant la chaleur de condensation de la vapeur d'eau (l'eau est donc à l'état liquide au stade final de la combustion), et un pouvoir calorifique inférieur (Pci) ou l'eau produite dans la combustion est à l'état final de vapeur.  2, record 9, French, - pouvoir%20calorifique%20inf%C3%A9rieur

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

pouvoir calorifique inférieur (p.c.i.; pci; PCI) : terme et abréviations en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre.  6, record 9, French, - pouvoir%20calorifique%20inf%C3%A9rieur

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Poder calorífico cuando el agua inicialmente presente en un combustible y la resultante en los productos de combustión se encuentran en estado de vapor.  4, record 9, Spanish, - poder%20calor%C3%ADfico%20inferior

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Esta norma cubre a las calderas de baja capacidad, de tubo de humo y tubos de agua sin equipo de recuperación de calor, comercializadas en los Estados Unidos Mexicanos, que utilizan combustibles líquidos y/o gaseosos derivados del petróleo, con las siguientes características: Campo de aplicación de la norma; capacidad de 7.5 a 100 Kw; presión hasta 1 MPa. temperatura; saturación. Presenta el método de prueba para determinar la eficiencia térmica de estas calderas. Eficiencia mínima de calderas con base en el poder calorífico inferior.  5, record 9, Spanish, - poder%20calor%C3%ADfico%20inferior

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Steam turbines may... be classified as condensing or noncondensing, depending upon whether or not the steam is exhausted to a condenser... In condensing turbines, condensation of the exhaust steam is effected by the circulation of large quantities of cold water through the tubes of the condenser. The circulating water absorbs the heat given up during condensation and carries it away.  2, record 10, English, - condensing%20turbine

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une turbine à vapeur classique [...] est dite turbine à condensation quand la vapeur est détendue jusqu'au vide d'un condenseur avant d'être reprise par la pompe alimentaire.  4, record 10, French, - turbine%20%C3%A0%20condensation

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF

... flux of heat from the earth's surface to the atmosphere that is associated with evaporation or condensation of water vapor at the surface; a component of the surface energy budget  5, record 11, English, - latent%20heat%20flux

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The sensible and latent heat fluxes are calculated in a manner analogous to the momentum fluxes, but are complicated by the need to partition these fluxes into ground and vegetation components. ... The required input surface fluxes are ... the absorbed solar flux, the net upwards longwave flux, the sensible heat flux from surface to atmosphere, the latent heat flux from surface to atmosphere, and the snow precipitation rate respectively.  3, record 11, English, - latent%20heat%20flux

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

latent heat: Amount of energy released or absorbed during a change of state of a substance. In meteorology, the important changes are those of water substance, energy being released to the surrounding air in the changes from vapour to liquid to solid and absorbed from the air during changes in the opposite sense.  6, record 11, English, - latent%20heat%20flux

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Flux de chaleur latente : On appelle chaleur latente l'énergie échangée lors d'un changement de phase d'un corps pur. Dans le système climatique, il s'agit toujours des changements d'états de l'eau. Il faut distinguer les 2 étapes suivantes : Évaporation à la surface des océans. Ce processus refroidit la surface océaniques et introduit de la vapeur d'eau dans l'atmosphère. Condensation dans les nuages. Lors de la convection, la pression partielle de la vapeur d'eau atteint progressivement la valeur de la pression de vapeur saturante. Il y a alors condensation en eau liquide et libération de chaleur qui réchauffe l'atmosphère. Le flux de chaleur latente entre la surface et l'atmosphère est donc associé à la quantité de vapeur d'eau introduite dans l'atmosphère. La chaleur ne sera libérée qu'ultérieurement lors de la condensation. D'où l'appellation de chaleur latente (qui se manifeste plus tard).  1, record 11, French, - flux%20de%20chaleur%20latente

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les flux énergétiques (en watts par mètre carré, moyennés sur le globe) et leurs transformations. Il faut aussi tenir compte des flux non radiatifs d'énergie. Le flux de chaleur latente (LE = 85 Wm^-2 de la surface vers l'atmosphère) correspond à l'évaporation E de l'eau à la surface du globe, et sa condensation dans l'atmosphère (essentiellement dans les nuages). Exprimé en termes énergétiques, ce flux est bien plus faible que les flux de rayonnement, mais l'eau de l'atmosphère joue un rôle central, à la fois pour l'effet parasol (de par les nuages) et pour l'effet de serre; et aussi, bien sûr, pour les précipitations (P=E).  2, record 11, French, - flux%20de%20chaleur%20latente

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

chaleur latente : Quantité d'énergie libérée ou absorbée par un corps qui change d'état. En météorologie, les changements importants concernent l'eau, de l'énergie étant fournie à l'air ambiant dans la transformation de vapeur à liquide, puis à solide, et prise à l'air ambiant dans les transformations en sens inverse.  3, record 11, French, - flux%20de%20chaleur%20latente

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Water in industry is generally used for the following basic purposes :... transfer of heat for the condensation of steam and the cooling of fluids or appliances.  1, record 12, English, - transfer%20of%20heat

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans l'industrie, les fonctions élémentaires [de l'eau] le plus souvent rencontrées sont les suivantes : [...] transport de calories pour la condensation de vapeur, le refroidissement de fluides, ou d'appareils.  1, record 12, French, - transport%20de%20calories

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

latent heat-The heat released or absorbed per unit mass by a system in a reversible, isobaric-isothermal change of phase. In meteorology, the latent heats of vaporization(or condensation), fusion, and sublimation of water substance are of importance.  2, record 13, English, - heat%20of%20condensation

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Commonly, in physics, the term "condensation" is synonymous with "liquefaction" (usually "condensation" refers to a gas being converted to a liquid). It should be remembered that "sublimation" is also a special case of condensation.  1, record 13, English, - heat%20of%20condensation

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Il est très important de se rappeler que le prélèvement d'énergie calorifique nécessaire à l'évaporation se traduit par un refroidissement, alors que le mécanisme inverse, la condensation (passage de l'état gazeux à l'état liquide) provoque une libération d'énergie qui s'accompagne donc d'une élévation de température (chaleur latente de condensation).  1, record 13, French, - chaleur%20latente%20de%20condensation

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Même si dans la vaporisation d'une substance la quantité de calories ajoutée à la conversion, soit 597,3 par gramme, est égale à la quantité de calories enlevée au moment de la condensation, il faut prendre garde de considérer ces deux notions comme équivalentes.  3, record 13, French, - chaleur%20latente%20de%20condensation

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Entalpía de condensación.  2, record 13, Spanish, - calor%20de%20condensaci%C3%B3n

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Difference in specific enthalpy of a condensible fluid between its dry saturated vapor state and its saturated liquid state at the same pressure.  1, record 14, English, - latent%20heat%20of%20condensation

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] toute condensation de vapeur s'accompagne obligatoirement d'un dégagement de chaleur, la quantité de calories enlevée ainsi à l'unité de masse du corps étant appelée chaleur latente de condensation.  2, record 14, French, - chaleur%20latente%20de%20condensation

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The term "Warm Edge Technology"(WET) was introduced after the development of insulated spacer bars, which are intended to improve the thermal performance of the edge of sealed insulating glass(IG) units. WET focuses on an area of the glass that extends about 63 mm above the sight line of the IG perimeter. From the viewpoint of thermal performance, WET aims to add more resistance to heat flow from the warm side to the cold side of the glazing, thereby enhancing both the condensation resistance and the thermal resistance of the unit.  1, record 15, English, - warm%20edge%20technology

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'expression «technologie des bordures chaudes» (TBC) a été créée après l'introduction des intercalaires isolants qui permettent d'améliorer le rendement thermique des vitrages isolants (VI) scellés. La TBC porte sur une surface du vitrage qui s'étend du bord jusqu'à 63 mm environ à l'intérieur de la surface utile du vitrage. Du point de vue du rendement thermique, la TBC vise à augmenter la résistance au passage de la chaleur du côté chaud vers le côté froid du vitrage, augmentant ainsi la résistance à la condensation et la résistance thermique du vitrage.  2, record 15, French, - technologie%20des%20bordures%20chaudes

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Fenêtres nord-américaines--- Le polychlorure de vinyle tout-temps utilisé pour leur fabrication assure une longévité accrue et un rendement supérieur alors que la technologie des bordures chaudes utilisée permet de minimiser les transferts de chaleur et de froid.  3, record 15, French, - technologie%20des%20bordures%20chaudes

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The term "Warm Edge Technology"(WET) was introduced after the development of insulated spacer bars, which are intended to improve the thermal performance of the edge of sealed insulating glass(IG) units. WET focuses on an area of the glass that extends about 63 mm above the sight line of the IG perimeter. From the viewpoint of thermal performance, WET aims to add more resistance to heat flow from the warm side to the cold side of the glazing, thereby enhancing both the condensation resistance and the thermal resistance of the unit.  1, record 16, English, - sealed%20insulating%20glass

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'expression «technologie des bordures chaudes» (TBC) a été créée après l'introduction des intercalaires isolants qui permettent d'améliorer le rendement thermique des vitrages isolants (VI) scellés. La TBC porte sur une surface du vitrage qui s'étend du bord jusqu'à 63 mm environ à l'intérieur de la surface utile du vitrage. Du point de vue du rendement thermique, la TBC vise à augmenter la résistance au passage de la chaleur du côté chaud vers le côté froid du vitrage, augmentant ainsi la résistance à la condensation et la résistance thermique du vitrage.  2, record 16, French, - vitrage%20isolant%20scell%C3%A9

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Si l'on met un vitrage isolant scellé dans l'ancien châssis, s'assurer que les meneaux sont assez résistants pour supporter le nouveau vitrage.  3, record 16, French, - vitrage%20isolant%20scell%C3%A9

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Methods of measuring evapotranspiration generally are divided into two categories : water budgeting and energy budgeting. The former method relies on accurate accounting of water flow into and out of a control area.... Energy budget methods rely on an accurate accounting of energy to and from the land surface and generally assume one-dimensional energy flow. Because the energy needed to evaporate water is relatively large(about 580 calories per gram), ET, or latent heat, can represent a significant component of the energy budget. Net radiation is the difference between incoming shortwave(solar) radiation and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation, sensible heat is the energy transported from the land surface by air movement(convection), latent heat is the energy transported away from the surface by evaporating water, and soil/water heat is the heat that goes into changing the temperature of the soil or the water standing on the land surface. Any of these components may reverse in direction-for example, latent heat is added to the surface by condensation(dew formation), and net radiation is directed upward at night.  1, record 17, English, - energy%20budget%20method

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'évapotranspiration instantanée peut être déterminée par la méthode du bilan énergétique, grâce à la mesure directe du rayonnement net, du flux de chaleur du sol, des gradients de température et de tension de vapeur à quelques décimètres au-dessus de la végétation.  3, record 17, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20du%20bilan%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[We will talk about] Three types of evaporators... : a multiple-effect evaporator, a multistage flash evaporator, and a vapor-compression still.... Multistage flash evaporation... is accomplished at successively lower pressures and temperatures. The incoming water is warmed by the heat of condensation and only a small amount of heat energy is required to flash the preheated water in the reduced-pressure stage into steam...  1, record 18, English, - multistage%20flash%20evaporator

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Évaporateur par détentes étagées. Cet appareil est une variante du multiple effet. Il [...] consiste à soumettre une circulation de solution réchauffée à des détentes successives sous des pressions décroissantes. La vapeur libérée dans les différents étages est utilisée au réchauffage de la solution. Un réchauffage par la vapeur vive apporte les calories nécessaires à l'évaporation.  1, record 18, French, - %C3%A9vaporateur%20par%20d%C3%A9tentes%20%C3%A9tag%C3%A9es

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Modelo de evaporador de etapas múltiples, normalmente empleado en el tratamiento de agua de mar.  2, record 18, Spanish, - evaporador%20de%20vaporizaci%C3%B3n%20de%20etapas%20m%C3%BAltiples

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Al aumentar la razón de la alimentación al vapor en la lámina de flujo [...] se llega a un punto en el que se necesita todo el vapor para precalentar el material de alimentación y no queda vapor disponible para los tubos del evaporador. Este caso limitador es el del evaporador de vaporización de etapas múltiples.  1, record 18, Spanish, - evaporador%20de%20vaporizaci%C3%B3n%20de%20etapas%20m%C3%BAltiples

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Puesto que se requiere una gama de evaporación de aproximadamente 110°F para producir una libra de vapor por cada 10 libras de agua de mar, el evaporador vaporizador de etapas múltiples requiere manejar un gran volumen de agua de mar en relación con el producto.  1, record 18, Spanish, - evaporador%20de%20vaporizaci%C3%B3n%20de%20etapas%20m%C3%BAltiples

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cloud formation makes the convection process visible. An unstable atmospheric column will lead to updrafts. If the air below is moist, the updraft will lead to condensation into droplets. The condensation process accelerates the updraft owing to the release of latent heat. Examples are the various types of cumulus clouds(e. g., cumulus, cumulus congestus, cumulonimbus).  2, record 19, English, - condensation%20process

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

condensation. Phase transition from gas to liquid, accompanied by release of heat. In meteorology, condensation(the opposite of evaporation) usually refers to the method by which water vapor becomes a liquid.  2, record 19, English, - condensation%20process

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour que le nuage se développe encore, les étages moyen et supérieur de la troposphère doivent être instables. La chaleur latente libérée par le processus de condensation va accroître cette instabilité en réchauffant l'air ascendant.  1, record 19, French, - processus%20de%20condensation

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A synthetic thermoplastic polymer. Properties : Hard, rigid transparent solid; tensile strength 10, 000 psi, d 1. 24, flexural strength 15, 000 psi, good electrical resistance, minimum creep, low expansion coefficient. Soluble in aromatic hydrocarbons, ketones and chlorinated hydrocarbons; resistant to corrosive acids and alkalies, to heat and oxidation, and to detergents, oils, and alcohols. Dimensionally stable over temperature range-100 to +148°C; tends to absorb moisture, readily processed and fabricated. Combustible but self-extinguishing. Derivation :Condensation of bis-phenol A and dichlorophenyl sulfone. Use : Power-tool housings, electrical equipment, extruded pipe and sheet, auto components, electronic parts, appliances, computer components, base matrix for stereotype printing plates.  6, record 20, English, - polysulfone

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Nom générique des polymères renfermant dans leurs chaînes des fonctions sulfone.  5, record 20, French, - polysulfone

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une polysulfone domine largement les autres : [...] d'où le nom de polyéthers sulfones quelquefois donné à ces composés. La préparation la plus courante consiste à polycondenser le bisphénolate de sodium avec la p,p'-dichlorodiphénylsulfone. Les polysulfones sont des thermoplastiques possédant de très bonnes propriétés mécaniques (ténacité, rigidité, tenue au fluage), encore améliorées par additions de charges (fibres de verre ou de carbone), et peuvent être employées en continu entre -70 et 180 °C. Leurs résistances au choc, au feu, leurs propriétés électriques sont très bonnes. Elles ont une bonne résistance chimique, mais se dissolvent dans un certain nombre de solvants polaires. Les polysulfones sont mises en forme par injection et par extrusion. Les plaques peuvent être usinées, soudées, décorées, métallisées sous vide.  5, record 20, French, - polysulfone

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le terme polysulfone recouvre en fait trois produits très proches en performances mais dont la principale différence est la tenue en température. 1.1. Le polysulfone (PSU) obtenu par réaction de substitution entre le sulfone 4,4-dichlorodiphényle et le sel disodique de bisphénol A. Sa résistance en température est de 150 °C. 1.2 Le polyéthersulfone (PESU) [...] 1.3. Le polyphénylsulfone (PPSU) [...]  2, record 20, French, - polysulfone

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Polysulfone est du genre «féminin» dans les sources LAROG et BOSMA et du genre «masculin» dans l'AFNOR-44 et le ERENGA.  6, record 20, French, - polysulfone

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Melamine resin glue is the most recent of the synthetic resins. It is available in powder form and is very similar to the phenol type in use, strength, and other characteristics.  3, record 21, English, - melamine%20resin%20glue

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

melamine resins : Synthetic adhesives(belonging to the amino resin class) which are condensation products of melamine and formaldehyde... They have high heat resistance and stable color.  4, record 21, English, - melamine%20resin%20glue

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Colle fabriquée à partir de mélamine formaldéhyde.  3, record 21, French, - adh%C3%A9sif%20de%20m%C3%A9lamine

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A cooling tower basically consists of an air circuit and a water circuit leading to a heat exchange vessel in which the air and water are brought into contact. By a stack effect, i. e. by natural draft, the cooling tower shell provides air circulation. When, as is the case with the wet cooling towers at EDF thermal and nuclear plants, the air and water are placed in direct contact in the heat exchange vessel, the hot air escaping from the shell is saturated with steam : mixing with the colder outside air produces by steam condensation a plume whose structure is similar to a natural cloud.  1, record 22, English, - wet%20cooling%20tower

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Lorsque, ce qui est le cas des réfrigérants humides équipant les centrales thermiques et nucléaires d'EDF, l'air et l'eau sont mis en contact direct dans le corps d'échange, l'air chaud qui s'échappe de la coque est saturé de vapeur d'eau : le mélange avec l'air ambiant, plus froid, produit, par condensation de la vapeur, un panache dont la structure s'apparente à celle d'un nuage naturel.  1, record 22, French, - r%C3%A9frig%C3%A9rant%20humide

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In order to more readily understand a steam booster we should cover the basic construction of an average steam booster which would be as follows : A series of copper tubings or coils are fastened together so that a 120° water can be supplied at one end and(if all other requirements are met) 180° water will pass through the other end. This series of coils is placed inside a heavy metal container, the container also has an inlet and an outlet, into which we pass live steam at the required pressures. The steam circulates around the coils and losing its heat by transferring its high temperature to the lower temperature water, soon condensation accumulates at the bottom of the container. The condensation then passes through the discharge opening into either a waste line or what is known as a return line which is piped directly to the boiler where it is again heated into steam for recycling through the very same booster.  1, record 23, English, - steam%20booster

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour mieux comprendre le fonctionnement d'un réchauffeur à vapeur, voici la description d'un appareil moyen. Une série de tubes ou de serpentins en cuivre, reliés les uns aux autres, admettent de l'eau à 120°F à une extrémité et (toutes les autres exigences étant par ailleurs satisfaites), fournissent de l'eau à 180°F à l'autre extrémité. Ces serpentins se trouvent à l'intérieur d'un contenant en métal lourd, lui-même muni d'une admission et d'une sortie, et dans lequel passe de la vapeur vive à la pression requise. La vapeur circule autour des serpentins, transmettant sa chaleur à l'eau dont la température est moins élevée; cet échange de chaleur provoque la condensation de la vapeur. L'eau de condensation qui s'accumule rapidement au fond du contenant, passe ensuite dans l'ouverture de décharge, à laquelle est raccordée soit une canalisation d'évacuation, soit ce qu'on a convenu d'appeler une canalisation de retour de condensats, elle-même directement reliée à la chaudière, où elle est transformée de nouveau en vapeur, pour ensuite être réutilisée dans le réchauffeur.  1, record 23, French, - r%C3%A9chauffeur%20%C3%A0%20vapeur

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Rapid condensation of steam is characteristic of steam unit heaters, especially during heating-up periods. The return piping must be planned to keep the heating coil free of condensate during periods of maximum heat output, and the steam piping must be able to carry a full supply of steam to the unit to take the place of that condensed.  1, record 24, English, - return%20piping

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Comptage volumétrique et thermostatique: il est effectué par enregistrement des indications fournies, d'une part, sur le débit du fluide chauffant au moyen d'une turbine à eau et, d'autre part, sur la différence des températures entre canalisations d'aller et de retour au moyen d'un ensemble thermostatique composé d'une sonde "chaude" (sur la tuyauterie aller) et d'une sonde "froide" (sur la tuyauterie retour).  1, record 24, French, - tuyauterie%20de%20retour

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

[Installations à vapeur basse pression] Le diamètre minimal couramment admis pour les tuyauteries de retour est 3/8 (12 x 17).  1, record 24, French, - tuyauterie%20de%20retour

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The lifecycle of a convective circulation begins with the formation of thermals... Upon reaching the condensation level their internal circulation and buoyancy are reinforced by the release of latent heat of condensation.  1, record 25, English, - internal%20circulation

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Puffy billowing cumulus clouds are manifestations of mesoscale circulations that owe their existence to buoyancy forces. Buoyancy forces lift an air parcel that is warmer than its surroundings. They are sustained by :(i) an unstably stratified atmosphere and(ii) the release of latent heat of condensation when cloud and rain drops form.  1, record 26, English, - puffy%20billowing%20cumulus%20clouds

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thermal lagging, condensation in steam pipes and heat losses....  1, record 27, English, - thermal%20lagging

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Condensing flue gas furnaces and boilers... have additional heat exchange surfaces, often made of stainless steel or other corrosion-resistant material, to lower the flue gas temperature below the temperature of condensation and regain some or all of the heat these gases contain. Most have an induced draft fan. There is no need for a chimney... Condensing furnaces and boilers use one of two types of combustion systems : Conventional Combustion condensing furnaces... Pulsating Combustion systems... Based on a design developed... in Canada... pulsating combustion eliminates the need for an induced draft fan, by exhausting the combustion products with a series of pressure pulses while condensing the by-products to regain some of the heat contained in the exhaust gases.  1, record 28, English, - pulsating%20combustion%20system

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Condensing flue gas furnaces and boilers... have additional heat exchange surfaces, often made of stainless steel or other corrosion-resistant material, to lower the flue gas temperature below the temperature of condensation and regain some or all of the heat these gases contain. Most have an induced draft fan. There is no need for a chimney... Condensing furnaces and boilers use one of two types of combustion systems : Conventional Combustion condensing furnaces... use both conventional and stainless steel sections for the non-condensing and condensing portions of the heat exchanger. Pulsating Combustion systems are now available.  1, record 29, English, - conventional%20combustion%20condensing%20furnace

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Condensing flue gas furnaces and boilers... Most of the recent publicity about new gas furnaces has mentioned the condensing units. The furnaces have additional heat exchange surfaces, often made of stainless steel or other corrosion-resistant material, to lower the flue gas temperature below the temperature of condensation and regain some or all of the heat these gases contain. Most have an induced draft fan. There is no need for a chimney. Combustion products are merely vented through an outside wall and liquid condensate drained off through a plastic tube.  1, record 30, English, - condensing%20flue%20gas%20furnace

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Airtight construction. Any house has a large number of potential air leakage points... These leakage points let cold outside air in, and warm inside air out. As a result, in a conventional house, it is not uncommon for the heated indoor air to be completely changed every half hour. A major potential problem associated with this air change [is] condensation in the building's structure... There is in addition, a second problem : such air change typically accounts for 25-30 per cent of the total house heat loss... The use of an air-vapour barrier is an attempt to prevent these problems by stopping virtually all air leakage.  1, record 31, English, - airtight%20construction

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Une construction étanche à l'air a-t-elle besoin de ventilation? Dans les maisons construites de façon traditionnelle, le renouvellement de l'air intérieur est amplement assuré par les fuites et les infiltrations d'air fortuites à travers l'enveloppe du bâtiment. Dans une maison étanche à l'air, l'air frais nécessaire au maintien d'une atmosphère intérieure agréable est fourni par une ventilation mécanique contrôlée.  1, record 31, French, - construction%20%C3%A9tanche%20%C3%A0%20l%27air

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

L'étanchéité à l'air de la construction (...) est le fait, pour la maison, d'être étanche, c'est-à-dire de conserver l'air chaud à l'intérieur et d'empêcher l'air froid extérieur d'y pénétrer. Cette caractéristique est généralement obtenue par la mise en place d'un pare-vapeur étanche à l'air (...).  1, record 31, French, - construction%20%C3%A9tanche%20%C3%A0%20l%27air

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vapor Compression Distillation(VC) consists of compressing the vapor evaporated from the salty water to raise its condensation temperature and condensing indirectly against the feed so that the heat of condensation can be used to heat the salty water feed.(...) Small VC stills have been in use commercially on shipboard for many years.  1, record 32, English, - VC%20still

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Distillateur à compression de vapeur. Le compresseur aspire la vapeur produite dans la chaudière et en élève la température par compression au-dessus de la température régnant dans celle-ci, la chambre peut donc servir de condenseur à la vapeur comprimée, on cède ainsi à l'eau les calories de condensation qui sont réutilisées dans un nouveau cycle.  1, record 32, French, - distillateur%20%C3%A0%20compression%20de%20vapeur

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish