TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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A binary-cycle geothermal plant employs a closed-loop heat exchange system in which the heat of geothermal fluid(primary fluid) is transferred to a lower-boiling heat transfer fluid(secondary fluid) that is thereby vaporized and used to drive a turbine or generator set. In other words, a binary cycle uses a secondary heat transfer fluid instead of steam in the power generation equipment.  4, record 1, English, - binary%20cycle%20geothermal%20power%20plant

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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Cycle géothermique à cycle binaire. Le fluide géothermal se présente sous forme d'eau chaude pressurisée à une température pouvant aller de 125 à 180 °C. Pour convertir efficacement en électricité la chaleur récupérée à ce niveau de température, il faut que la centrale géothermique soit à cycle binaire, [c'est-à-dire] utilise un second fluide de travail par l'intermédiaire duquel l'énergie est produite.  3, record 1, French, - centrale%20g%C3%A9othermique%20%C3%A0%20cycle%20binaire

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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Cycle choices for geothermal CHP plant. Combined heat and power plants can start with either geothermal steam plants or organic Rankine cycles at the high-temperature end. In the first case, the steam plant is designed primarily for power generation and the direct heat application is added after some years of proven operation. In the second case, the plant is usually designed as a CHP plant from the beginning, although a power unit may be added to a long-standing direct heat plant to make fuller use of the resource.  4, record 2, English, - geothermal%20combined%20heat%20and%20power%20plant

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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Centrale géothermique de cogénération (production combinée de chaleur et d'électricité).  2, record 2, French, - centrale%20g%C3%A9othermique%20de%20cog%C3%A9n%C3%A9ration

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

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Introducing rams to a group of ewes that have been kept apart from the rams for a period of time results in the induction of heat about one estrous cycle interval later. This "ram effect" has been used to induce synchronized breeding activity in sheep flocks during the non-seasonal periods. The ram effect is also used to advance the breeding season. As no physical or visual contact between rams and ewes is needed, this effect has been suggested to be mediated by pheromones.  2, record 3, English, - ram%20effect

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

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L'introduction d'un bélier dans un troupeau de brebis en anœstrus léger permet de déclencher l'apparition des chaleurs et de l'ovulation entre 18 et 25 jours suivant l'introduction du bélier, pourvu que les femelles aient été isolées totalement des mâles depuis au moins un mois. C'est ce qu'on appelle l'effet bélier.  2, record 3, French, - effet%20b%C3%A9lier

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

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El efecto macho se refiere al estímulo que ejercen los carneros sobre las ovejas en anestro poco profundo, o en aquellas próximas al inicio de la estación de apareamiento.  1, record 3, Spanish, - efecto%20macho

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

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The osmotic heat engine(OHE) is a closed cycle pressure retarded osmosis(PRO) system capitalizing on low temperature heat to recycle an engineered osmotic draw solute.  2, record 4, English, - osmotic%20heat%20engine

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

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L'Université du Connecticut, en collaboration avec l'Université Yale, aux États-Unis, a conçu un moteur thermique osmotique utilisant le mélange H₂O-NH₃-CO₂ en circuit fermé. Employé d'abord pour dessaler l'eau à partir de rejets thermiques, ce procédé, appelé Engineered Osmosis^TM, a été adapté à la production d'énergie.  2, record 4, French, - moteur%20thermique%20osmotique

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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A combined cycle system uses two different heat engines simultaneously to produce electricity. It is usually composed of a gas turbine and a steam turbine, where the residual heat from the gas turbine is used to generate steam to drive the steam turbine, resulting in higher efficiency than using the gas turbine alone.  2, record 5, English, - combined%20cycle%20system

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Un système à cycles combinés utilise simultanément deux moteurs thermiques différents pour produire de l'électricité. Il est généralement composé d'une turbine à gaz et d'une turbine à vapeur, où la chaleur résiduelle de la turbine à gaz est utilisée pour générer de la vapeur pour faire fonctionner la turbine à vapeur, ce qui se traduit par un rendement plus élevé que l'utilisation de la turbine à gaz à elle seule.  2, record 5, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20%C3%A0%20cycles%20combin%C3%A9s

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

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El sistema de ciclos combinados fue habilitado con 463 millones de dólares, para generar 380 MW y cuenta con turbinas de última generación [...].  1, record 5, Spanish, - sistema%20de%20ciclos%20combinados

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

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Constant heat and humidity to the north and south create a continuous cycle of warm updrafts. These create a band of low pressure, leading to thundery weather, with a steady supply of cumulonimbus clouds, causing the extreme wet and dry seasons found in equatorial countries.  2, record 6, English, - thundery%20weather

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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A measure of the climate of a growing region calculated by adding the mean temperatures for each day (minus a base temperature) over a growing season.  2, record 7, English, - heat%20summation

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Grapes begin their growth cycle in the spring when average daily temperature is about 10 °C(50 °F). To reach maturity, they require a certain amount of heat above 10 °C during the growing season. This amount of heat, called the heat summation, is calculated by totalling the number of degrees of average daily temperature over 10 °C for each day of the growing season. A heat summation of about 1, 800 is required for successful growth. If the heat summation is less than required, the grapes will not ripen; they will reach the end of the growing season with insufficient sugar and too much acidity.... Where the heat summation is much greater than required,... the grapes mature earlier and with less acidity and colour than those produced under cooler conditions. Factors influencing the heat summation of a vineyard and, therefore, grape composition include exposure... air drainage..., soil temperature(above 10 °C during the growing season), and soil moisture content...  3, record 7, English, - heat%20summation

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For grapes, the base temperature is 50 degrees F (10 °C).  2, record 7, English, - heat%20summation

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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L'université de Davis a défini, à la suite de relevés effectués entre 1950 et 1960, cinq zones départageant climatiquement le vignoble californien. Ces zones ont été déterminées à partir de la somme des températures en degrés-jours relevées pendant la période de végétation, l'objectif étant au départ de permettre aux nouveaux vignerons de retenir un encépagement favorable au contexte climatique.  1, record 7, French, - somme%20des%20temp%C3%A9ratures%20en%20degr%C3%A9s%2Djours

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De nombreuses études ont démontré que l'apparition des différents stades de développement de la vigne est fortement dépendante de la température [...] La température cumulée par la plante constitue un temps thermique lequel est exprimé en fonction de la somme de degrés-jours (DJ) calculés à partir des températures journalières et diminuées de la température physiologique de base de 10 °C, au-dessous de laquelle la croissance de la vigne est inhibée [...]  2, record 7, French, - somme%20des%20temp%C3%A9ratures%20en%20degr%C3%A9s%2Djours

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Record 8,  Textual support,  English

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Direct cycle : A term used to indicate that the coolant in a nuclear reactor serves also as the working fluid in the thermodynamic power cycle, and passes from the reactor to the turbine without the need for an intermediate heat exchanger. There are considerable thermodynamic and economic advantages to this arrangement.  2, record 8, English, - direct%20cycle

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The turbine employs a conventional regenerative cycle with condenser deareation and condensate demineralization. The direct-cycle system is used because of its inherently simple design, contributing to reliability and availability.  1, record 8, English, - direct%20cycle

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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L'utilisation d'un cycle direct est la caractéristique importante qui distingue les réacteurs B.W.R. des P.W.R. Le système de production de vapeur est simplifié; par contre, il faut se prémunir contre l'entraînement de produits radioactifs susceptibles de contaminer la turbine et de gêner son entretien.  2, record 8, French, - cycle%20direct

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Cycle dans lequel le mélange d'eau et de vapeur est entraîné dans des séparateurs de vapeur situés dans la partie supérieure de la cuve et, tandis que la phase liquide est réintroduite à l'entrée du cœur, la vapeur est envoyée directement à la turbine.  2, record 8, French, - cycle%20direct

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

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The warm-up cycle begins to prevent thermal shock to the windshields and windows. After the warm-up cycle, the temperature controllers maintain a low heat level.  2, record 9, English, - warm%2Dup%20cycle

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cycle de réchauffage : terme uniformisé par le Comité d'uniformisation de la terminologie aéronautique (CUTA) – Opérations aériennes.  2, record 9, French, - cycle%20de%20r%C3%A9chauffage

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Record 10,  Textual support,  English

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A refrigeration cycle in which the needed energy is supplied by heat and the refrigerant is supplied by using a sorption process.  1, record 10, English, - absorption%20refrigeration%20cycle

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

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Cycle frigorifique où l'énergie nécessaire est fournie sous forme de chaleur. Le frigorigène est déplacé par mise en œuvre du phénomène de sorption.  2, record 10, French, - cycle%20%C3%A0%20absorption

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Record 11,  Textual support,  English

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A procedure or arrangement in which some material goes through a cyclic process and one form of energy, such as heat at an elevated temperature from combustion of a fuel, is in part converted to another form, such as mechanical energy of a shaft, the remainder being rejected to a lower temperature sink.  1, record 11, English, - thermodynamic%20cycle

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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Processus thermodynamique dont les états d'équilibre initial et final sont identiques.  1, record 11, French, - cycle%20thermodynamique

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Les cycles les plus connus sont : le cycle de Carnot, le cycle de Rankine, le cycle de Hirn, le cycle de Brayton, et le cycle de Beau de Rochas. Les centrales solaires utilisent des cycles du type Rankine ou Brayton. Les moteurs à combustibles renouvelables ont des cycles du type Beau de Rochas.  1, record 11, French, - cycle%20thermodynamique

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Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Term(s) taken from a Canadian laboratory-equipment company’s catalogue.  1, record 12, English, - low%20heat%20drying%20cycle

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

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Terme(s) tiré(s) du catalogue d'une compagnie canadienne d'équipement de laboratoire.  1, record 12, French, - cycle%20de%20s%C3%A9chage%20%C3%A0%20chauffage%20mod%C3%A9r%C3%A9

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Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A sequence of reversible processes forming the reversible working cycle of an ideal heat engine of maximum thermal efficiency. It consists of isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression to the initial state.  3, record 13, English, - Carnot%20cycle

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cycle thermodynamique idéal composé de deux isothermes et de deux adiabates, l'ensemble de ces transformations étant réversibles.  2, record 13, French, - cycle%20de%20Carnot

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le cycle de Carnot n'étant qu'un cycle théorique idéal de fonctionnement d'une machine frigorifique, il n'est [...] pas possible de le réaliser sur le plant pratique. Mais il présente [...] un excellent moyen de comparaison, pouvant servir de «cible» lors d'un calcul du rendement d'un compresseur ou de toute autre recherche industrielle en vue d'une réalisation la plus proche possible de cette «cible» (cycle idéal). Dans le cas d'une machine frigorifique l'aire du cycle représente le travail mécanique à fournir au système considéré.  3, record 13, French, - cycle%20de%20Carnot

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Unico ciclo que un sistema termodinámico puede realizar de forma reversible utilizando sólo dos manantiales térmicos.  1, record 13, Spanish, - ciclo%20de%20carnot

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Está constituido por; a) una transformación adiabática que eleva la temperatura del sistema hasta la del manantial caliente. b) una transformación isoterma que absorbe calor del manantial caliente. c) una transformación adiabática que enfría el sistema hasta la temperatura del manantial frío. d) una transformación isoterma que cede calor al manantial frío.  1, record 13, Spanish, - ciclo%20de%20carnot

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

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Combined cycle gas turbine means a stationary turbine combustion system where heat from the turbine exhaust gases is recovered by a steam generating unit.  2, record 14, English, - combined%20cycle%20gas%20turbine

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

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We are deeply involved in cogeneration plants including biomass and gas turbines. ... Co-Generation Power Island. .... "Power Islands," "Merchant Plants," "Across the Fence Cogeneration," "Third Party Steam Plants," and "Client CHP" are some of the names used to refer to unconventional commercial arrangements for the production and procurement of steam and electrical power to pulp and paper mills. Although the term "Power Island" is often used to describe third party cogeneration facilities, the concept is completely different from an island. The power house that provides the steam and power to the mill has a direct and immediate effect on the pulp mill’s operational stability and uptime as well as the operating costs.  2, record 15, English, - power%20island

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The IGCC [Integrated Gasification with Combined Cycle] demonstration plant in Puertollano features many advantages compared to conventional coal fired power stations with flue gas desulphurization(FGD) and DeNOx systems :... The plant consists of the following three main units : Power island, gasification island, and oxygen production plant(Air Separation).... The power island. The combined cycle in the Puertollano plant... can be operated both with natural gas and synthesis gas. The main features are : A 200 MWe(ISO) Siemens model V94. 3 gas turbine. A three-pressure level and IP steam reheating heat recovery steam generator designed by Babcock able to additionally superheat the steam generated through raw gas cooling in the gasification. A two casing reheat steam turbine designed by Siemens that delivers roughly 135 MWe. The clean coal gas is burned by the coal gas burners in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine. The sensible heat of extracted air is used for clean gas saturation, low pressure steam production and preheating of impure nitrogen. [Text accompanied by a schematic diagram. ]  3, record 15, English, - power%20island

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The liberalization of the energy market is demanding more-efficient power plants using cheaper fuels. ... The first option ... is to convert old oil- or existing gas-fired power plants to new combined-cycle power plants. The second option is to convert old oil- or existing gas-fired units to efficient and environmentally friendly power plants that burn cheaper fuels, using the best available technology for the power island and the flue gas treatment equipment.  4, record 15, English, - power%20island

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Power island turbine generator.  5, record 15, English, - power%20island

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

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Les ingénieurs français de la firme qui réalisait l'étude d'avant-projet de la centrale du Suroît avaient pour habitude d'utiliser l'expression «îlot puissance». On trouve aussi «îlot de puissance» dans un schéma publié par la compagnie Alstom et «îlot gazéification» [équivalent du terme anglais voisin «gasification island», voir aussi cette fiche] dans un article des Techniques de l'ingénieur portant sur la technologie de gazéification intégrée à un cycle combiné (vol. BE 3, article B8920, avril 1997, paragraphe 4.2.1). [Renseignements obtenus du service linguistique d'Hydro-Québec.]  1, record 15, French, - %C3%AElot%20puissance

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Record 16,  Textual support,  English

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The MHD(magnetohydrodynamic) generator... transforms thermal energy or kinetic energy directly into electricity. MHD generators are different from traditional electric generators in that they can operate at high temperatures without moving parts. MHD was eagerly developed because the exhaust of a plasma MHD generator is a flame, still able to heat the boilers of a steam power plant. So high-temperature MHD was developed as a topping cycle to increase the efficiency of electric generation, especially when burning coal or natural gas. It has also been applied to pump liquid metals and for quiet submarine engines.  1, record 16, English, - magnetohydrodynamic%20generator

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

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Un générateur MHD (magnétohydrodynamique) est un convertisseur MHD qui transforme l'énergie cinétique d'un fluide conducteur directement en électricité. Le principe de base est fondamentalement le même que pour n'importe quel générateur électrique. Les deux types de générateur utilisent tous deux un inducteur (électroaimant) générant un champ magnétique dans un induit.  2, record 16, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20magn%C3%A9tohydrodynamique

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

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The theoretical advantages of the binary cycle are : It enables more heat to be extracted from geothermal fluids by rejecting them at a lower temperature... It uses higher vapour pressures that enable a very compact self-starting turbine to be used, and avoids the occurrence of sub-atmospheric pressures at any point in the cycle... It enables use tube made of geothermal fluids that are chemically hostile or that contain high proportions of non-condensible gases, [and] it can accept water/stream mixtures without separation.  4, record 17, English, - binary%20fluid%20cycle

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... binary fluid cycle... In several hot-water geothermal systems attention is being given to using a heat-exchange system(binary system) in which the reservoir fluid is brought to the surface in a closed system and passed through a heat exchanger using a low-boiling point fluid, such as freon or isobutane, which flashes to a vapour to provide turbine power.  5, record 17, English, - binary%20fluid%20cycle

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

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Les avantages théoriques du cycle binaire sont les suivants : Il permet l'extraction de plus de chaleur à partir des fluides géothermiques, en les évacuant à une température plus basse [...] Il emploie des pressions de vapeur plus élevées permettant l'utilisation de turbine à autodémarrage très compacte, et évite l'apparition de pressions subatmosphériques en n'importe quel point du cycle. [...] Il permet l'utilisation de fluides géothermiques [qui sont] chimiquement hostiles et qui contiennent de fortes proportions de gaz non condensables. Il peut accepter des mélanges eau/vapeur sans séparation.  4, record 17, French, - cycle%20binaire

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The heat storage capacity of a solar heating system that works on a long term or annual cycle.  1, record 18, English, - long%20term%20storage

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Capacité de stockage thermique d'un système de chauffage solaire au cours d'un cycle annuel ou de longue durée.  3, record 18, French, - stockage%20inter%2Dsaisonnier

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[...] le stockage inter-saisonnier fait intervenir des masses d'un ordre de grandeur [...] voisin d'une à deux tonnes par m² de capteur. [Les] recherches actuelles tendent à favoriser le stockage inter-saisonnier dans les régions ayant peu d'ensoleillement pendant la saison de chauffe.  1, record 18, French, - stockage%20inter%2Dsaisonnier

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Temperature swings are caused by 3 contributing factors : 1. The rate at which your home loses heat(heat loss BTU's/hr) ;2. The rate at which your heating system heats your home(heat gain BTU's/hr) ;3. The length of the heating cycle setting within the thermostat(differential). As it suggests, the differential setting within your thermostat is the difference between cut-in and cut-out temperatures.  1, record 19, English, - cut%2Dout%20temperature

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

cut-out point: The predetermined value (pressure, temperature, etc.) at which operation ceases.  2, record 19, English, - cut%2Dout%20temperature

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Température pour laquelle l'appareil de réglage donne l'ordre de commutation «Mettre le chauffage hors service».  1, record 19, French, - temp%C3%A9rature%20de%20d%C3%A9clenchement

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thermoacoustics is the study of the thermoacoustic effect and the attempt to harness the effect as a useful heat engine. A thermoacoustic refrigerator uses the thermoacoustic effect to move heat with sound. … Thermoacoustic refrigerators … use inert gasses which are both readily available, inexhaustible, and completely environmentally benign! And, because they can utilize waste heat as an energy source, they are extremely environmentally friendly. In addition, since thermoacoustic refrigerators do not use the compressors, lubricants, sliding seals, and other gizmos present in vapor compression refrigerators, the thermoacoustic refrigerator should be more reliable. In fact, a heat driven refrigerator does not need any moving parts in the refrigeration cycle! Finally, since thermoacoustic systems tend to work at higher frequencies and at single frequencies, noise and vibration control is actually easier than for a conventional refrigerator-so thermoacoustic refrigerators should be even quieter than the refrigerators of today.  1, record 21, English, - thermoacoustic%20refrigerator

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Frigo écologique. Steve Garrett, un physicien américain [...], [a mis] au point un réfrigérateur thermoacoustique, dans lequel la chaleur est pompée par l'action d'ondes sonores de forte intensité sur un gaz. Découvert au début des années 80, cet effet de réfrigération thermoacoustique a permis à Garrett [...] de construire un premier prototype [...]. L'avantage de ces frigos d'un nouveau type : ils ne font pas appel aux gaz CFC, considérés comme nuisibles pour la couche d'ozone.  1, record 21, French, - r%C3%A9frig%C3%A9rateur%20thermoacoustique

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

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Se diseñó y construyó un refrigerador termoacústico piloto cuya onda de sonido es suministrada por una máquina térmica termoacústica (TADTAR-1) con el fin de obtener experiencia en la construcción de este tipo de dispositivos.  1, record 21, Spanish, - refrigerador%20termoac%C3%BAstico

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

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A technology that uses high-intensity sound waves in a pressurised gas to pump heat from one place to another.  2, record 22, English, - thermoacoustic%20refrigeration

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Thermoacoustic refrigeration is a novel refrigeration process utilizing acoustic energy to produce heat pumping. The process uses standing acoustic waves in an enclosed cavity to generate the mechanical compression and expansion of a working fluid(gas in this case) needed for the cooling cycle. The technique has the potential for high efficiency operation without the need for cooling liquids or mechanical moving parts.  3, record 22, English, - thermoacoustic%20refrigeration

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Part of the information contained in the English module of this record was provided by students of the Introduction to Terminology and Terminography class, section A, U. of Ottawa, Fall 2004.  4, record 22, English, - thermoacoustic%20refrigeration

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technologie de réfrigération écologique alternative qui refroidit au rythme d'ondes sonores.  2, record 22, French, - r%C3%A9frig%C3%A9ration%20thermoacoustique

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Frigo écologique. Steve Garrett, un physicien américain [...], [a mis] au point un réfrigérateur thermoacoustique, dans lequel la chaleur est pompée par l'action d'ondes sonores de forte intensité sur un gaz. Découvert au début des années 80, cet effet de réfrigération thermoacoustique a permis à Garrett [...] de construire un premier prototype [...]. L'avantage de ces frigos d'un nouveau type : ils ne font pas appel aux gaz CFC, considérés comme nuisibles pour la couche d'ozone.  1, record 22, French, - r%C3%A9frig%C3%A9ration%20thermoacoustique

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Certains renseignements inclus dans le module français de cette fiche ont été fournis par les étudiants du cours d'Initiation à la terminologie et à la terminographie, section A, U. d'Ottawa, automne 2004.  3, record 22, French, - r%C3%A9frig%C3%A9ration%20thermoacoustique

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Las máquinas termoacústicas son dispositivos que transforman energía térmica (calor) en potencia acústica (sonido) y viceversa. Existen en el mundo dos ramas principales de estudio en esta disciplina, refrigeración termoacústica y máquinas termoacústicas de presión. Las primeras, como su nombre lo dice, se utilizan como dispositivos de refrigeración con excelentes resultados comerciales, las segundas pretenden sustituir a algunas máquinas de combustión interna.  1, record 22, Spanish, - refrigeraci%C3%B3n%20termoac%C3%BAstica

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Systems Analysis of a Future Semi-Reusable Launcher, Based on a High Thrust Bleed Cycle Rocket Engine. In this paper a high thrust, cryogenic bleed cycle engine, to be used for propulsion of future reusable booster stages(liquid fly back boosters), of an expendable heavy lift launcher, is analyzed. The system configuration remains unchanged, in terms of total available fuel and the number of engines, hereas the variation of the engine parameters result in a change of total system mass and payload capacity. Different arrangements of bleed cycles are being analyzed, and compared with each other. The paper describes a simplified heat transfer model, used in the analysis of the suggested cycles. The thrust chamber design is discussed and a preliminary design of the booster vehicle, including a trajectory analysis, is presented.  3, record 23, English, - semi%2Dreusable%20launcher

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cinq navettes furent construites [...] pour remplacer Challenger [...] Au départ ce devait être un lanceur récupérable. Mais les coûts exorbitants obligèrent les responsables à le transformer en un lanceur semi-récupérable. Le gros réservoir est devenu un élément ordinaire. Seuls l'orbiteur et les propulseurs auxiliaires sont récupérés.  1, record 23, French, - lanceur%20semi%2Dr%C3%A9cup%C3%A9rable

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In partnership with the Alberta Oilsands Technical Authority(AOSTRA) in 1979 the pressure cycle steam drive system was developed. This process takes advantage of a basal water zone, which underlies the oil sands in this area, to heat the oil sands deposit from below. Once a hot communication path is established between wells, continuous steam injection is begun, with the injection and production rates controlled to alternately pressure up and blow down the reservoir.  1, record 24, English, - pressure%20cycle%20steam%20drive%20system

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] Shell a entrepris de perfectionner le procédé [injections répétées de vapeur sans fracturation de la roche réservoir] en collaboration avec l'Alberta Oil Sands Technology and Research Authority (AOSTRA), pour aboutir en 1979 au procédé de déplacement par la vapeur d'eau. Ce procédé met à contribution la nappe d'eau sous-jacente pour chauffer la couche bitumineuse. Une fois que la communication entre les puits est établie, on injecte de la vapeur d'eau de façon continue, et l'injection et la production sont pratiquées de manière à provoquer alternativement une mise en pression et une décompression du bitume dans le réservoir.  1, record 24, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20de%20d%C3%A9placement%20par%20la%20vapeur%20d%27eau

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A closed heat engine cycle using various components, including a working fluid pumped under pressure to a boiler where heat is added; an expander(turbine) where work is generated; and a condenser used to reject low-grade heat to the environment.  2, record 25, English, - Rankine%20cycle

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le cycle de Rankine est à la base des machines utilisant la vapeur d'eau dans les centrales thermiques et nucléaires, il comprend : deux isobares BP et HP, deux isentropes (Q = 0). Le cycle de la vapeur d'eau est une suite de transformations dans des systèmes ouverts successifs (chaudière, turbine, condenseur et pompe d'alimentation...). L'énergie emmagasinée dans les combustibles fossiles ou nucléaires est convertie en travail mécanique pour entraîner soit une turbine (centrales T + N) soit un moteur à piston (locomotives à vapeur...). Le processus comprend la vaporisation de l'eau, la détente de la vapeur dans la turbine et sa condensation dans un condenseur. Si ce cycle de Rankine est modifié par une surchauffe de la vapeur à la sortie de la chaudière on l'appelle alors cycle de Hirn.  2, record 25, French, - cycle%20de%20Rankine

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Ciclo ideal cinstituido por las siguientes transformaciones sucesivas: absorción de calor a presión constante hasta vapor sobrecalentado, expansión adiabática del vapor, enfriamiento del vapor a presión constante hasta su condensación y compresión adiabática del fluido hasta la presión de la cadena.  1, record 25, Spanish, - ciclo%20de%20Rankine

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The sun is in a hot cycle or trend at present so it appears to be having an impact on warming. Volcanic dust and gases have been postulated to cool equatorial waters in the past reducing the north-south sea temperature gradient thereby stopping ocean transport of heat and oxygen leading to a sinking of warm water and a disasterous methane degassing.  1, record 26, English, - methane%20degassing

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les sources naturelles de méthane sont les animaux (termites) mais il provient surtout des fermentations des sols inondés (tourbières). Les variations de CH4 indiquent donc l'étendue des marais au cours du dernier cycle climatique. Par exemple, on sait qu'il pleuvait moins en Asie (la pluie est fonction des températures) durant le dernier maxima glaciaire, le dégazage du méthane était donc stoppé au cours de cette période. De même, le sol gelé de l'Arctique (qui contient du CH4) permet le dégazage seulement durant les périodes de réchauffement (interglaciaire). Il semble donc que les variations de la teneur en méthane soient la conséquence des changements climatiques. De plus, ce gaz a tendance à faire monter les températures car il contribue à l'effet de serre.  2, record 26, French, - d%C3%A9gazage%20du%20m%C3%A9thane

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Quatre chercheurs ont étudié deux carottages, l'un provenant de l'Antarctique et l'autre du Nord-Ouest de l'Atlantique, ils étaient à la recherche de baryte. Ce minerai, composé de sulfate de baryum, a la particularité d'être corrélé aux flux de carbone dans les eaux de surface. L'analyse montre clairement qu'un regain de productivité biologique dans les océans a accompagné le dégazage du méthane et l'augmentation des températures.  3, record 26, French, - d%C3%A9gazage%20du%20m%C3%A9thane

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the refrigerating capacity to the work absorbed by the compressor per unit time.  4, record 27, English, - coefficient%20of%20performance

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 DEF

In a refrigeration cycle, the ratio of the heat energy extracted by the heat engine at the low temperature to the work supplied to operate the cycle...  5, record 27, English, - coefficient%20of%20performance

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A related concept is that of the energy efficiency ratio.  6, record 27, English, - coefficient%20of%20performance

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport de la puissance frigorifique à la puissance absorbée, les deux grandeurs étant exprimées dans les mêmes unités et pendant la même période de temps.  4, record 27, French, - coefficient%20de%20performance

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

From a system point of view, an intermediate Rankine cycle conversion of solar energy into mechanical power is more complex than an absorption cycle directly driven by solar heat.  1, record 28, English, - absorption%20cycle

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The enormous current generated during a short circuit produces damaging heat at a much faster rate than can be safely dispersed. Interrupt the current and you stop adding heat to the system. Time is a critical determinant of the amount of heat(energy) added. An electrical short that lasts three cycles, for example, adds six times the energy of one lasting just one-half cycle. It's in this sense that all circuit breakers and fuses "limit" current. Add a current limiting device, i. e. ususally a fuse, but sometimes a circuit breaker and fuse in series, that restricts the fault current to a value less than the starter's short-circuit withstand rating.  3, record 29, English, - current%20limiting%20device

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Several [internal cooling] systems have been developed that incorporate three basic approaches : liquified gas, super-cold air with water vapor, and air exchange methods. With the liquified gas system, immediately after the parison has been expanded, liquid carbon dioxide or nitrogen is atomized through a nozzle in the blow pin into the interior of the bottle. The liquid quickly vaporizes, removing heat, and exhausts at the end of the cycle. In practice, this method has improved production rates by 25 to 35%. A disadvantage is the cost of the liquified gas. If its consumption is not precisely controlled, the total cost savings becomes minimal.  1, record 30, English, - liquified%20gas%20system

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le temps de refroidissement devient pratiquement proportionnel au carré de l'épaisseur, c'est pourquoi on a songé à compléter le refroidissement par contact avec l'empreinte par un refroidissement interne selon les différents procédés décrits ci-après. a) Renouvellement de l'air de soufflage. [...] b) Balayage au dioxyde de carbone. Après soufflage à l'air, on injecte du CO₂ qui, sous forme liquéfiée sous 20 bar à une température de -20 °C, a un pouvoir réfrigérant de 314 kJ/kg (entre -20 et 0 °C). De plus, l'enthalpie de vaporisation de CO₂ élevée (289 kJ/kg) favorise le refroidissement de la paroi interne des corps creux. On peut atteindre une cadence augmentée de 40% à condition, bien entendu, que la capacité d'extrusion en amont le permette. Toutefois, ce type de refroidissement ne paraît rentable que pour de fortes épaisseur (1 mm et plus) ou pour des corps creux de capacité supérieure à cinq litres. c) Procédé ISC (Internal Surface Cooling). [...] d) Procédé ALEX. Commercialisé par la Société Air Liquide, ce procédé utilise un échangeur fonctionnant avec de l'azote liquide pour refroidir à une température de -50 °C à -100 °C l'air ensuite utilisé pour le balayage du corps creux.  2, record 30, French, - balayage

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Dans les cas très difficiles, l'air est remplacé par de l'azote liquide. La transition liquide-gaz de l'azote se produit dans la canne de soufflage et l'objet est alors soufflé par ce gaz très froid.  3, record 30, French, - balayage

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 2 OBS

On peut aussi pratiquer un refroidissement accéléré par injection de CO₂.  4, record 30, French, - balayage

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Heat exchange devices which absorb heat from a fluid during one part of the cycle and then reject the heat to another fluid in the other part of the cycle.  1, record 31, English, - reversing%20regenerator

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A heat-free cycle for drying such items that can be damaged by heat.  1, record 32, English, - air%2Dfluff%20cycle

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In a clothes dryer.  2, record 32, English, - air%2Dfluff%20cycle

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... only the independent supply of the end flues makes it possible to integrate a heat regulation system designed to adapt the different heat demand throughout the course of a coking cycle for each oven.  1, record 33, English, - end%20flue

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The new heating system allows to individually control each oven without interference with the performance of the neighbouring ovens. This, in combination with a really independent end flue supplying system, offers the possibility to adjust oven heating according to its actual heat demand throughout the course of the coking cycle.  1, record 34, English, - independent%20end%20flue%20supplying%20system

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... only the independent supply of the end flues makes it possible to integrate a heat regulation system designed to adapt the different heat demand throughout the course of a coking cycle for each oven.  1, record 35, English, - coking%20cycle

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Heat pump performance. The heat delivered by a heat pump is theoretically the sum of the heat extracted from the heat source and the energy needed to drive the cycle. The steady-state performance of an electric compression heat pump at a given set of temperature conditions is referred to as the coefficient of performance(COP). It is defined as the ratio of heat delivered by the heat pump and the electricity supplied to the compressor.  3, record 36, English, - electric%20compression%20heat%20pump

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A particular type of heat pump which exploits the latent heat of vaporization of a working fluid to transport heat from a low temperature source to a high temperature sink. Compression of the working fluid is achieved by absorption in a liquid or solid. This type of heat pump is used for gas powered refrigerators and for solar cooling.  1, record 37, English, - absorption%20cycle%20heat%20pump

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pompe à chaleur utilisant le cycle d'absorption.  2, record 37, French, - pompe%20%C3%A0%20chaleur%20%C3%A0%20absorption

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The great majority of heat pumps work on the principle of the vapour compression cycle. The main components in such a heat pump system are the compressor, the expansion valve and two heat exchangers referred to as evaporator and condenser. The components are connected to form a closed circuit... A volatile liquid, known as the working fluid or refrigerant, circulates through the four components. In the evaporator the temperature of the liquid working fluid is kept lower than the temperature of the heat source, causing heat to flow from the heat source to the liquid, and the working fluid evaporates. Vapour from the evaporator is compressed to a higher pressure and temperature. The hot vapour then enters the condenser, where it condenses and gives off useful heat. Finally, the high-pressure working fluid is expanded to the evaporator pressure and temperature in the expansion valve. The working fluid is returned to its original state and once again enters the evaporator. The compressor is usually driven by an electric motor and sometimes by a combustion engine.  4, record 38, English, - vapor%20compression%20heat%20pump

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Heat produced in the form of hot water, steam, etc., for industrial process applications.  1, record 39, English, - process%20heat

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'utilisation du soleil pour la production d'électricité ou de chaleur industrielle.  1, record 39, French, - chaleur%20industrielle

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Method of heat treatment in which the cooling cycle is accurately controlled so as to impart the desired properties.  2, record 40, English, - controlled%20cooling

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Normally, a blow-molded part is cooled externally by the mold cavity, forcing heat to travel through the entire wall thickness. With the poor thermal conductivity of plastic resins, molding cycle times of heavy parts can be considerable. Internal cooling systems are designed to speed the mold cooling time, thus reducing costs by removing some of this heat from the inside. Several systems have been developed that incorporate three basic approaches : liquified gas, super-cold air with water vapor, and air exchange methods.  1, record 41, English, - internal%20cooling%20system

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Refroidissement interne des corps creux. Les corps creux à parois minces (bouteilles) ne posent pas de problèmes particuliers et, dans une certaine mesure, les temps de refroidissement sont proportionnels aux épaisseurs. Par contre, lorsque le corps creux comporte des épaisseurs supérieures à 1,5 ou 2 mm, le transfert thermique dans l'épaisseur de la paroi constitue l'obstacle majeur au phénomène de refroidissement, compte tenu surtout des faibles conductivités thermiques des matières thermoplastiques. Le temps de refroidissement devient pratiquement proportionnel au carré de l'épaisseur, c'est pourquoi on a songé à compléter le refroidissement par contact avec l'empreinte par un refroidissement interne selon les différents procédés décrits ci-après. a) Renouvellement de l'air de soufflage [...] b) Balayage au dioxyde de carbone [...] c) Procédé ISC (Internal Surface Cooling) [...] d) Procédé ALEX [...]  2, record 41, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20refroidissement%20interne

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In-mould labeling(IML) is a relatively recent addition to the category of predecoration that is available for blow-molded plastic bottles.... The basic in-mold label system utilizes a paper label that has a heat-activated coating on the back side. The label is placed in the mold at the beginning of the blow-molding cycle before the mold closes around the parison.... The label is held in position by vacuum ports. When the parison of plastic is extruded and the molds close and air is injected to inflate the parison, the heat from the parison activates the label adhesive coating. During the mold-close cycle, the combination of the high inject air pressure and the cold-mold surface causes the adhesive to set and the label to adhere to the bottle surface in a heat-seal fashion.  2, record 42, English, - in%2Dmold%20labeling

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La décoration dans le moule [...] s'applique [...] aux récipients plastiques. On la pratique en introduisant un film spécial entre les deux parties d'un moule d'extrusion-soufflage, au moment même où la paraison se présente. Une fois le moule refermé, le film-étiquette prend la forme de la cavité tout en étant pressé contre sa paroi extérieure. L'impression ainsi réalisée se lie aux matières plastiques en fusion.  8, record 42, French, - d%C3%A9coration%20dans%20le%20moule

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Moulage. Le marquage le moins onéreux peut être réalisé lors de l'injection, le moule portant en creux l'impression -ou la marque- devant apparaître en relief. Une variante de ce procédé consiste à poser dans le fond du moule un folio imprimé qui, surmoulé de matière transparente, restera visible et inclus dans la pièce fabriquée (injection, soufflage).  7, record 42, French, - d%C3%A9coration%20dans%20le%20moule

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le décor est imprimé sur un support compatible avec la matière dans laquelle est faite le corps creux : par exemple, pour des bouteilles en polyéthylène, on peut utiliser un complexe polyéthylène/polyéthylène ou propylène/polyéthylène. Pour des bouteilles en chlorure de vinyle, on prendra un support en PVC.  9, record 42, French, - d%C3%A9coration%20dans%20le%20moule

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Species in Canada have had to adapt to snow and cold by insulation, freeze tolerance, supercooling, circulatory heat exchangers, dietary changes, fat storage, migration and innumerable life cycle modifications including burrowing in the snow and hibernation.  1, record 43, English, - fat%20storage

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les espèces ont dû s'adapter à la neige et au froid de diverses façons : isolation, tolérance au gel, surfusion, système circulatoire agissant comme échangeur de chaleur, changements de régime alimentaire, stockage de gras, migration et modifications innombrables au cycle vital (enfouissement dans la neige, hibernation, etc.  1, record 43, French, - stockage%20de%20gras

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Species in Canada have had to adapt to snow and cold by insulation, freeze tolerance, supercooling, circulatory heat exchangers, dietary changes, fat storage, migration and innumerable life cycle modifications including burrowing in the snow and hibernation.  1, record 44, English, - circulatory%20heat%20exchanger

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les espèces ont dû s'adapter à la neige et au froid de diverses façons : isolation, tolérance au gel, surfusion, système circulatoire agissant comme échangeur de chaleur, changements de régime alimentaire, stockage de gras, migration et modifications innombrables au cycle vital (enfouissement dans la neige, hibernation, etc.).  1, record 44, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20circulatoire%20agissant%20comme%20%C3%A9changeur%20de%20chaleur

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Species in Canada have had to adapt to snow and cold by insulation, freeze tolerance, supercooling, circulatory heat exchangers, dietary changes, fat storage, migration and innumerable life cycle modifications including burrowing in the snow and hibernation.  1, record 45, English, - dietary%20change

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les espèces ont dû s'adapter à la neige et au froid de diverses façons : isolation, tolérance au gel, surfusion, système circulatoire agissant comme échangeur de chaleur, changements de régime alimentaire, stockage de gras, migration et modifications innombrables au cycle vital (enfouissement dans la neige, hibernation, etc.  1, record 45, French, - changement%20de%20r%C3%A9gime%20alimentaire

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Species in Canada have had to adapt to snow and cold by insulation, freeze tolerance, supercooling, circulatory heat exchangers, dietary changes, fat storage, migration and innumerable life cycle modifications including burrowing in the snow and hibernation.  1, record 46, English, - freeze%20tolerance

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les espèces ont dû s'adapter à la neige et au froid de diverses façons : isolation, tolérance au gel, surfusion, système circulatoire agissant comme échangeur de chaleur, changements de régime alimentaire, stockage de gras, migration et modifications innombrables au cycle vital (enfouissement dans la neige, hibernation, etc.)  1, record 46, French, - tol%C3%A9rance%20au%20gel

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Method used to convert fission heat energy to steam and hence electricity [often described in terms of a primary coolant loop and, as appropriate, secondary heat transfer loop(s)].  1, record 47, English, - steam%20cycle

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The first two features [coolant, steam cycle] relate to the current practice of converting fission energy first to heat and then to electrical energy by employing a steam cycle. Coolants include water, heavy water, gases, and liquid metal. The steam cycles may employ from one to three separate loops, including one for primary coolant circulation and one(not necessarily separate) for steam generation.  1, record 47, English, - steam%20cycle

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cycle dans lequel la chaudière nucléaire fournit par l'intermédiaire des générateurs de vapeur, une vapeur d'eau (circuit secondaire) non radioactive, qui se détend dans la turbine et actionne un alternateur. La vapeur se condense dans un condenseur qui constitue la source froide de la machine thermique.  1, record 47, French, - cycle%20%C3%A0%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20de%20vapeur

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Avec les caractéristiques de la vapeur produite (280° C, 70 bars), le rendement de la centrale est de 33 pour 100 environ. Ce rendement relativement peu élevé tient à la difficulté de porter l'eau dans le réacteur à plus haute température, du fait des grande pressions qui seraient nécessaires.  1, record 47, French, - cycle%20%C3%A0%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20de%20vapeur

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A cool-down time prevents your clothes from sitting in a warm heat at the end of the cycle and coming out looking like they’ve just been through the wringer. The cycle continues to tumble the clothes with no heat, preventing wrinkles from heat-setting.  1, record 48, English, - cool%2Ddown%20time

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In a clothes dryer.  2, record 48, English, - cool%2Ddown%20time

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La période de refroidissement empêche le linge de rester entassé à la chaleur à la fin du cycle et d'avoir l'apparence d'avoir été essoré. Le cycle continue à faire culbuter les vêtements sans chaleur, ce qui les empêche de se froisser.  1, record 48, French, - temps%20de%20refroidissement

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 49,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 49, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A combined cycle process combines two different power cycles in such a manner that the combined cycle operates over a larger temperature range than does either of the individual cycles. This produces a higher overall thermal efficiency. There are two basic categories of combined cycles : recuperative and high-efficiency.... A typical recuperative combined cycle employs an unfired heat recovery steam boiler which uses a gas turbine exhaust as its sole heat supply....  1, record 49, English, - recuperative%20combined%20cycle

Record 49,  Textual support,  French

Record 49,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 50,  Textual support,  French

Record 50,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 51,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 51, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Forced Air Wood Furnaces. Central wood-burning furnaces are controlled by a wall mounted thermostat in the living area. Temperature and fan controls are the same as those found on oil and gas furnaces. Unlike room heaters, which produce a steady heat output by periodic manual adjustments of the draft control, most wood furnaces operate in cycles. A cycle starts with the thermostat sensing that heat is needed in the room where it is located. It signals the furnace control system which opens the combustion air damper and a hot fire develops. When the air inside the furnace's sheet metal casing gets hot, a preset fan control starts the circulating blower and the warm air is moved through the ducts to all areas of the house.  1, record 51, English, - forced%20air%20wood%20furnace

Record 51,  Textual support,  French

Record 51,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 52,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 52, Textual support number: 1 CONT

... Total flow cycle... The difficulties of extracting a maximum of heat from the hot water phase of wet field fluids has led to the total flow concept in which both the steam and the hot water are subjected to the full available heat drop as limited only by the supply pressure.  1, record 52, English, - total%20flow%20cycle

Record 52,  Textual support,  French

Record 52,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 53,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 53, Textual support number: 1 CONT

When water and heat are fed to a combination of thermochemical reactions, the constituent elements and waste heat are given out. Such combination of reactions is called the thermochemical water decomposition(or water splitting) cycle(or process).  1, record 53, English, - thermochemical%20water%20splitting

Record 53,  Textual support,  French

Record 53,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 54,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the refrigeration cycle a substance, called the refrigerant, is compressed, cooled, and then expanded. In expanding, the refrigerant absorbs heat from its surroundings to provide refrigeration. After the refrigerant absorbs heat from such a source, the cycle is repeated.  3, record 54, English, - refrigeration%20cycle

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Compression and Absorption Systems refrigerate by changing a refrigerant from a liquid to a gas and back to a liquid again. These repeated operations make up the refrigeration cycle.  1, record 54, English, - refrigeration%20cycle

Record 54,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 54, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le cycle "frigorifique" (...) se compose d'une adiabatique de compression (...) suivie d'une liquéfaction de la vapeur (...), le fluide frigorigène liquide subissant ensuite une détente isenthalpique (...) pour être finalement ramené à la pression de l'évaporateur où la vaporisation du liquide détendu a lieu (...) (avec absorption d'une certaine quantité de chaleur à l'ambiance entourant l'évaporation, donc avec "production du froid"). Les vapeurs détendues sont alors réaspirées par le compresseur et le "cycle" recommence.  2, record 54, French, - cycle%20frigorifique

Record 54,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 55,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 55, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Air used to cycle the pneumatic de-icing boots on the wings and tail surfaces... passes through a ram-air heat exchanger in order to reduce its temperature before entering the boots.  1, record 55, English, - ram%2Dair%20heat%20exchanger

Record 55,  Textual support,  French

Record 55,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 56,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 56, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the closed-cycle gas turbine, essentially all the working medium(except for seal leakage, bleed loss, and any addition or extraction of working medium for control purposes) is continuously recycled. Heat from a source such as fossil fuel(or possibly, nuclear reaction) is transferred through the walls of a closed heater to the cycle. The closed cycle can be charged with gases other than air, such as helium, carbon dioxide or nitrogen.  1, record 56, English, - closed%2Dcycle%20gas%20turbine

Record 56,  Textual support,  French

Record 56,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 57,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In the Spooner travelling oven the hot air circulates rapidly in a closed circuit, the small temperature drop on each cycle being made good by heat from the burner. The hot air enters the baking chamber, top and bottom, through patent nozzles, which ensure that the heat is evenly distributed over the whole length and width of the conveyor.(...) The oven is built in one or more sections(...) Each section is provided with a separate heating system and burner.  1, record 57, English, - spooner%20travelling%20oven

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 OBS

spooner travelling oven.  1, record 57, English, - spooner%20travelling%20oven

Record 57,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 57, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fours à convection forcée. Ces fours brevetés (système Spooner d'origine anglaise) (...) ont pour principe d'utiliser la chaleur par convection forcée plutôt que le rayonnement et la conduction: ils projettent donc l'air chauffé sur le produit à cuire, à une vitesse assez élevée. Ce four-tunnel est constitué de diverses sections ou "chambres de pression" indépendantes (...), équipées de fentes ou "buses spooner" placées au travers de toute la largeur de la bande et suffisamment rapprochées pour que la totalité de la bande (haut et bas) soit assujettie aux flux d'air chaud en provenance, à grande vitesse, de la chambre de pression.  1, record 57, French, - four%20%C3%A0%20convection%20forc%C3%A9e

Record 57,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 58,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An accumulator installed in the suction line between evaporator and compressor for the purpose of trapping liquid carry-over from the evaporator and preventing it [from] reaching the compressor.  2, record 58, English, - suction%20accumulator

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[In a split air-to-air heat pump with indoor and outdoor section] The coil configuration may vary, depending on the manufacturer. Sight glasses and filter driers have been added to the cycle, and suction accumulators on the upstream side of the compressor may be added to avoid liquid carryover.  3, record 58, English, - suction%20accumulator

Record 58,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 58, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Réservoir disposé sur la conduite d'aspiration du compresseur, pour collecter le frigorigène liquide qui aurait pénétré accidentellement dans cette conduite, et l'empêcher d'atteindre le compresseur.  2, record 58, French, - bouteille%20anti%2Dcoup%20de%20liquide

Record 58,  Textual support,  Spanish