TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There is an alternative between closed-and open-loop systems called standing column wells(SCWs). In a SCW, groundwater is pumped from the base of a deep well and directed to a heat exchanger.... A SCW consists of a long borehole mostly drilled in the bedrock and filled with groundwater... Typical installations use a PVC [polyvinyl chloride] pipe almost as long as the well within which a submersible pump is installed. In a conventional SCW, groundwater is pumped at the bottom of the well through a PVC pipe and returned below the dynamic level in the annular space of the borehole via a rejection pipe.... Before reinjecting the groundwater into the SCW, part of the flow rate can be diverted into a separate injection well. This process is called "bleed" and improves the system performance by attracting water from the undisturbed neighbouring ground through aquifer fractures. The bleed induces heat transfer by advection..., which improves significantly the thermal efficiency of the SCW.  2, record 1, English, - standing%20column%20well

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le fonctionnement des PCP repose sur l'utilisation de l'eau souterraine comme fluide caloporteur. L'eau est généralement prélevée à proximité de la surface à l'aide d'une pompe submersible et réinjectée à la base du puits. [...] Afin d'améliorer l'efficacité thermique des PCP en période de pointe, un procédé communément appelé «saignée» peut être employé. Cette méthode consiste à purger le PCP d'un faible pourcentage du débit de circulation, afin de stimuler un écoulement souterrain convergent vers le puits. Ce faisant, le renouvellement de l'eau contenue dans le PCP permet de stabiliser rapidement la température du fluide caloporteur à l'approche de la thermopompe.  3, record 1, French, - puits%20%C3%A0%20colonne%20permanente

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A] plastic insulating body wrapping coated on one or both sides with aluminium foil which reflects back most of the body heat lost by radiation ...  6, record 2, English, - space%20blanket

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The emergency blanket works by reflecting body heat back to your body to maximize thermal efficiency. It is wind and waterproof to keep you as comfortable as possible until help arrives.  4, record 2, English, - space%20blanket

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La couverture de survie est une fine feuille recouverte d'un revêtement métallique, [...] lui permettant une signalisation qui facilitera le sauvetage par les secours. Certains dispositifs sont jetables et d'autres [sont] réutilisables [...]  5, record 2, French, - couverture%20de%20secours

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A combined cycle system uses two different heat engines simultaneously to produce electricity. It is usually composed of a gas turbine and a steam turbine, where the residual heat from the gas turbine is used to generate steam to drive the steam turbine, resulting in higher efficiency than using the gas turbine alone.  2, record 3, English, - combined%20cycle%20system

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un système à cycles combinés utilise simultanément deux moteurs thermiques différents pour produire de l'électricité. Il est généralement composé d'une turbine à gaz et d'une turbine à vapeur, où la chaleur résiduelle de la turbine à gaz est utilisée pour générer de la vapeur pour faire fonctionner la turbine à vapeur, ce qui se traduit par un rendement plus élevé que l'utilisation de la turbine à gaz à elle seule.  2, record 3, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20%C3%A0%20cycles%20combin%C3%A9s

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

El sistema de ciclos combinados fue habilitado con 463 millones de dólares, para generar 380 MW y cuenta con turbinas de última generación [...].  1, record 3, Spanish, - sistema%20de%20ciclos%20combinados

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Molten ash deposits stick to the tubes and wall surfaces, thus, reducing heat transfer and thermal efficiency. This results in reduced steam temperatures, increased fuel firing rates, increased fan power(to overcome larger pressure drops in the convective pass), and high rates of corrosion.  1, record 4, English, - molten%20ash

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The thermal efficiency of the engine is the relationship between the power output and the energy in the fuel burned to produce this output.  3, record 5, English, - thermal%20efficiency

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

thermal efficiency: term officially approved by the Lexicon Project Committee (New Brunswick).  4, record 5, English, - thermal%20efficiency

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le rendement thermique, ce sera le rapport entre l'énergie calorique du carburant et l'énergie produite sur les pistons.  2, record 5, French, - rendement%20thermique

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

rendement thermique : terme uniformisé par le Comité du projet de lexiques (Nouveau-Brunswick).  3, record 5, French, - rendement%20thermique

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rendimiento de un motor expresado como la relación existente entre el trabajo realizado y el calor absorbido por el motor.  2, record 5, Spanish, - rendimiento%20t%C3%A9rmico

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

B55.1-15: standard code used by CSA.  2, record 6, English, - Test%20method%20for%20measuring%20efficiency%20and%20pressure%20loss%20of%20drain%20water%20heat%20recovery%20units

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

B55.1-F15 : code de norme utilisé par la CSA.  2, record 6, French, - M%C3%A9thode%20d%27essai%20pour%20la%20mesure%20de%20l%27efficacit%C3%A9%20et%20de%20la%20perte%20de%20charge%20des%20r%C3%A9cup%C3%A9rateurs%20de%20chaleur%20des%20eaux%20grises

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A fireplace that uses advanced combustion and heat exchange to increase heating efficiency.  1, record 7, English, - high%2Defficiency%20fireplace

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Foyer construit selon des techniques avancées de combustion et d’échange thermique pour augmenter l’efficacité de chauffage.  1, record 7, French, - foyer%20haute%20performance

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On forcing a cell suspension at high pressure through a narrow orifice, the rapid pressure drop provides a very powerful means of disrupting the cells. In practice it is simple to design equipment to subject the cell suspension to shear forces before releasing the pressure. By changing the pressure applied, cells may be disrupted completely or only sufficiently to release periplasmic enzymes.... [Experimentors have] used a liquid shear system for the disruption of chloroplasts. The suspension was passed through a needle valve at pressures up to 20,000 p.s.i. and a flow rate of 10 ml/min. Under these conditions, rupture of E. coli was indicated by an increase in glutamic acid decarboxylase activity.  2, record 8, English, - liquid%20shear

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In practical terms liquid shear is associated with the generation of heat. As a result subsequent increases in the temperature of the suspension of up to 40 °C may be encountered. Cell suspensions must, therefore, be introduced to the apparatus at 0-4°C to minimise loss of enzyme activity. If recycling is used then cooling before re-entry is essential. Equally, with this type of equipment the best results are obtained by using a homogeneous cell suspension. Irregular particle sizes owing to filamentous or pelleted growth modes reduce the efficiency of cell breakage.  3, record 8, English, - liquid%20shear

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Appareil permettant de provoquer la lyse des cellules ou des organites, cellulaires. Les cellules sont placées dans un liquide sous pression d'azote pendant un temps suffisant pour équilibrer les pressions extra-et intracellulaires, puis le liquide est décompressé en passant par une valve étroite, ce qui provoque la rupture des cellules.  1, record 8, French, - bombe%20%C3%A0%20azote

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The efficiency of electrons or ions being liberated from a substance as a result of heat.  2, record 9, English, - thermionic%2Demission%20efficiency

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quotient du courant de saturation de l'émission thermoélectronique par la puissance de chauffage de la cathode.  2, record 9, French, - efficacit%C3%A9%20d%27%C3%A9mission%20thermo%C3%A9lectronique

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A sequence of reversible processes forming the reversible working cycle of an ideal heat engine of maximum thermal efficiency. It consists of isothermal expansion, adiabatic expansion, isothermal compression, and adiabatic compression to the initial state.  3, record 10, English, - Carnot%20cycle

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cycle thermodynamique idéal composé de deux isothermes et de deux adiabates, l'ensemble de ces transformations étant réversibles.  2, record 10, French, - cycle%20de%20Carnot

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le cycle de Carnot n'étant qu'un cycle théorique idéal de fonctionnement d'une machine frigorifique, il n'est [...] pas possible de le réaliser sur le plant pratique. Mais il présente [...] un excellent moyen de comparaison, pouvant servir de «cible» lors d'un calcul du rendement d'un compresseur ou de toute autre recherche industrielle en vue d'une réalisation la plus proche possible de cette «cible» (cycle idéal). Dans le cas d'une machine frigorifique l'aire du cycle représente le travail mécanique à fournir au système considéré.  3, record 10, French, - cycle%20de%20Carnot

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Unico ciclo que un sistema termodinámico puede realizar de forma reversible utilizando sólo dos manantiales térmicos.  1, record 10, Spanish, - ciclo%20de%20carnot

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Está constituido por; a) una transformación adiabática que eleva la temperatura del sistema hasta la del manantial caliente. b) una transformación isoterma que absorbe calor del manantial caliente. c) una transformación adiabática que enfría el sistema hasta la temperatura del manantial frío. d) una transformación isoterma que cede calor al manantial frío.  1, record 10, Spanish, - ciclo%20de%20carnot

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Heat, shelter, clothing and food are four guarantees for survival in cold climate. A heated shelter ensures a minimum amount of comfort and increases troop efficiency considerably. The most common shelter is the arctic tent.  2, record 11, English, - arctic%20tent

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La chaleur, l'abri, [l’habillement] et la nourriture sont les quatre garanties de survie dans les régions froides. Un abri chauffé assure un minimum de confort et augmente considérablement l'efficacité des troupes. L'abri le plus commun est la tente arctique.  3, record 11, French, - tente%20pour%20conditions%20arctiques

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The efficiency of both electricity, and combined electricity and heat production from conventional thermal power plants improved steadily between 1990 and 2005.  1, record 12, English, - conventional%20thermal%20power%20plant

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Centrale thermique [qui] utilise l'énergie fournie par la combustion d'un combustible (charbon, pétrole, gaz naturel, gaz issus de hauts-fourneaux).  2, record 12, French, - centrale%20thermique%20%C3%A0%20flamme

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cette combustion a lieu dans une chaudière.  2, record 12, French, - centrale%20thermique%20%C3%A0%20flamme

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The MHD(magnetohydrodynamic) generator... transforms thermal energy or kinetic energy directly into electricity. MHD generators are different from traditional electric generators in that they can operate at high temperatures without moving parts. MHD was eagerly developed because the exhaust of a plasma MHD generator is a flame, still able to heat the boilers of a steam power plant. So high-temperature MHD was developed as a topping cycle to increase the efficiency of electric generation, especially when burning coal or natural gas. It has also been applied to pump liquid metals and for quiet submarine engines.  1, record 13, English, - magnetohydrodynamic%20generator

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Un générateur MHD (magnétohydrodynamique) est un convertisseur MHD qui transforme l'énergie cinétique d'un fluide conducteur directement en électricité. Le principe de base est fondamentalement le même que pour n'importe quel générateur électrique. Les deux types de générateur utilisent tous deux un inducteur (électroaimant) générant un champ magnétique dans un induit.  2, record 13, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20magn%C3%A9tohydrodynamique

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the actual useful energy gain of a flat-plate solar collector to the energy gain if the entire collector plate were at the temperature of the inlet fluid.  1, record 14, English, - collector%20heat%20removal%20efficiency%20factor

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Relation entre l'apport véritable en énergie utile d'un capteur plan et l'apport énergétique d'un absorbeur fonctionnant dans sa totalité à la température d'entrée du fluide caloporteur.  2, record 14, French, - coefficient%20de%20rendement%20capteur%2D%C3%A9changeur%20de%20chaleur

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[A measure of] the efficiency of the heating mode of heat pumps over an entire heating season.  4, record 15, English, - heating%20seasonal%20performance%20factor

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The higher the number, the more efficient the unit.  4, record 15, English, - heating%20seasonal%20performance%20factor

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 OBS

This factor may also apply to other types of heating appliances.  5, record 15, English, - heating%20seasonal%20performance%20factor

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mesure du rendement thermique d'une thermopompe au cours d'une saison complète de chauffage.  3, record 15, French, - coefficient%20de%20performance%20de%20la%20saison%20de%20chauffage

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On obtient le coefficient de performance de la saison de chauffage (CPSC) en divisant la quantité totale de chaleur (en Btu) produite par une thermopompe durant toute une saison de chauffage par la quantité totale d'énergie (en wattheures) consommée durant la même période. Cette valeur est semblable au rendement saisonnier des systèmes de chauffage à combustible et comprend l'énergie utilisée pour le chauffage supplémentaire. Pour déterminer la saison de chauffage dans le calcul du CPSC, on se sert de données météorologiques représentatives des conditions climatiques à long terme.  1, record 15, French, - coefficient%20de%20performance%20de%20la%20saison%20de%20chauffage

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A device for utilizing the waste heat from boilers to preheat incoming feed-water, thus raising the overall thermal efficiency of the plant.  1, record 16, English, - economizer

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

An economizer comprises banks of tubes placed in the path of the flue gases as they pass to the chimney, after the superheater, but before the air preheater.  1, record 16, English, - economizer

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Modern-day boilers, such as those in coal-fired stations, are still fitted with economizers [...] In this context they are often referred to as feedwater heaters and heat the condensate from turbines before it is pumped to the boilers.  3, record 16, English, - economizer

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Échangeur servant à échauffer l'eau d'alimentation d'une chaudière à vapeur au moyen de la chaleur restant dans le gaz de combustion après leur sortie de la chaudière.  1, record 16, French, - %C3%A9conomiseur

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'économiseur est un réchauffeur d'eau, mais en même temps, et essentiellement un récupérateur de chaleur.  1, record 16, French, - %C3%A9conomiseur

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Dispositivo constituido por una serie de tubos en los cuales se aprovecha el calor residual de los gases de combustión para calentar previamente el agua con que se alimentan las calderas de vapor.  1, record 16, Spanish, - economizador

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A component of a steam-generating unit that absorbs heat from the products of combustion after they have passed through the steam-generating and superheating sections.  3, record 17, English, - air%20heater

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Heat recovered from the gas is recycled to the furnace by the combustion air and is absorbed in the steam-generating unit, with a resultant gain in overall thermal efficiency... Air heaters frequently are used in conjunction with economizers, because the temperature of the inlet air is less than that of the feedwater to the economizer...  3, record 17, English, - air%20heater

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Air heaters are usually classed as recuperative or regenerative types. Both types depend upon convection transfer of heat from the gas stream to a metal or other solid surface and upon convection transfer of heat from this surface to the air.  3, record 17, English, - air%20heater

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 PHR

Regenerative-type, rotary regenerative, plate-type, tubular air heater.  3, record 17, English, - air%20heater

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] récupérateur de chaleur, utilisé concurremment avec l'économiseur pour pousser au maximum le refroidissement des fumées; il est placé après l'économiseur, sur le parcours de celles-ci, parce que la température de l'eau d'alimentation, à l'entrée de l'économiseur, est supérieure à celle de l'air frais.  2, record 17, French, - r%C3%A9chauffeur%20d%27air

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les centrales thermiques conventionnelles posent des problèmes d'épuration d'effluents liquides divers [...], tels que les éluats de régénération des échangeurs d'ions, les effluents alcalins de lavage des réchauffeurs d'air [...]  3, record 17, French, - r%C3%A9chauffeur%20d%27air

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The invention relates with the feed-back control system of a heat exchanger by use of the flow resonance phenomenon which maximizes the heat transfer efficiency by generating the flow disturbances of a heat transfer medium.  1, record 18, English, - flow%20resonance

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'invention concerne un système de commande à rétroaction d'un échangeur de chaleur, faisant appel au phénomène de résonance de flux, qui permet d'obtenir une efficacité de transfert de chaleur maximale, par le biais de la génération de perturbations de flux d'un support de transfert de chaleur.  1, record 18, French, - r%C3%A9sonance%20de%20flux

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A furnace with condensing heat exchanger that condenses moisture from the flue gases resulting in greater efficiency.  1, record 19, English, - condensing%2Dgas%20furnace

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The condensing gas furnace ... operates at levels of efficiency of up to 95 per cent by condensing and recuperating the flue gases that would otherwise dissipate through the chimney. The condensing gas furnace also uses electrical ignition rather than a pilot flame, to minimize energy losses between combustion periods.  4, record 19, English, - condensing%2Dgas%20furnace

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Condensing Gas Furnace. Gas furnaces shall be of natural gas fired warm air condensing type complete with casing, combustion chambers, fan and motor, space thermostats, controls, supply air filters, in-line intake and exhaust mufflers, hangers, brackets and structural supporting frames, etc., to provide tempered make-up air.  5, record 19, English, - condensing%2Dgas%20furnace

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les générateurs d'air chaud à condensation alimentés au gaz sont les appareils les plus efficaces offerts sur le marché, avec un rendement saisonnier de l'ordre de 90 à 97 p. 100. [...] Dans la plupart des modèles à condensation, le brûleur est semblable à celui d'un appareil ordinaire, le tirage étant assuré par un ventilateur à tirage aspiré. Toutefois, des surfaces d'échange thermique supplémentaires, faites de matériaux anticorrosion (généralement de l'acier inoxydable), extraient la chaleur des sous-produits de combustion avant leur évacuation. Là où se fait la condensation et l'échange thermique, les gaz de combustion sont refroidis au point où leur vapeur d'eau se condense, libérant ainsi plus de chaleur dans la maison. Le condensat est acheminé à un avaloir. [...] Les gaz de combustion sont alors suffisamment refroidis pour être évacués par un tuyau en plastique PVC ou ABS traversant un mur extérieur de la maison plutôt que par une cheminée.  1, record 19, French, - g%C3%A9n%C3%A9rateur%20d%27air%20chaud%20%C3%A0%20condensation%20aliment%C3%A9%20au%20gaz

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An efficiency rating for a furnace measuring the amount of heat delivered by the furnace compared to the amount of heat put into the furnace and then averaged for average winter conditions.  2, record 20, English, - annual%20fuel%20utilization%20efficiency

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Indicated as a percentage, your furnace’s AFUE tells you how much energy is being converted to heat. For example, an AFUE of 90 means that 90% of the fuel is being used to warm you home, while the other 10% escapes as exhaust with the combustion gases.  3, record 20, English, - annual%20fuel%20utilization%20efficiency

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 OBS

AFUE is expressed as a percentage.  2, record 20, English, - annual%20fuel%20utilization%20efficiency

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The US government’s established minimum AFUE rating for furnaces is 78%.  4, record 20, English, - annual%20fuel%20utilization%20efficiency

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mesure du rendement des appareils de chauffage fondée sur le rapport entre la chaleur produite et l'intrant énergétique.  2, record 20, French, - rendement%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique%20annuel

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le rendement énergétique annuel (Annual Fuel Utilization Efficiency, AFUE) des générateurs d'air chaud à condensation alimentés au gaz s'établit entre 90 et 97 p. 100, comparativement à environ 60 p. 100 pour les anciens modèles et entre 78 et 84 p. 100 pour les appareils ordinaires. (L'AFUE est l'étalon de mesure du rendement d'un générateur d'air chaud.)  3, record 20, French, - rendement%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique%20annuel

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Cette norme vise à établir une méthode d'essai pour mesurer le rendement énergétique annuel des échangeurs-pulseurs d'air chaud à démarrage au gaz ayant un débit calorifique de 2 931 kW (10 000 000 Btu/h) ou moins.  4, record 20, French, - rendement%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique%20annuel

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A technology that uses high-intensity sound waves in a pressurised gas to pump heat from one place to another.  2, record 21, English, - thermoacoustic%20refrigeration

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thermoacoustic refrigeration is a novel refrigeration process utilizing acoustic energy to produce heat pumping. The process uses standing acoustic waves in an enclosed cavity to generate the mechanical compression and expansion of a working fluid(gas in this case) needed for the cooling cycle. The technique has the potential for high efficiency operation without the need for cooling liquids or mechanical moving parts.  3, record 21, English, - thermoacoustic%20refrigeration

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Part of the information contained in the English module of this record was provided by students of the Introduction to Terminology and Terminography class, section A, U. of Ottawa, Fall 2004.  4, record 21, English, - thermoacoustic%20refrigeration

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technologie de réfrigération écologique alternative qui refroidit au rythme d'ondes sonores.  2, record 21, French, - r%C3%A9frig%C3%A9ration%20thermoacoustique

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Frigo écologique. Steve Garrett, un physicien américain [...], [a mis] au point un réfrigérateur thermoacoustique, dans lequel la chaleur est pompée par l'action d'ondes sonores de forte intensité sur un gaz. Découvert au début des années 80, cet effet de réfrigération thermoacoustique a permis à Garrett [...] de construire un premier prototype [...]. L'avantage de ces frigos d'un nouveau type : ils ne font pas appel aux gaz CFC, considérés comme nuisibles pour la couche d'ozone.  1, record 21, French, - r%C3%A9frig%C3%A9ration%20thermoacoustique

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Certains renseignements inclus dans le module français de cette fiche ont été fournis par les étudiants du cours d'Initiation à la terminologie et à la terminographie, section A, U. d'Ottawa, automne 2004.  3, record 21, French, - r%C3%A9frig%C3%A9ration%20thermoacoustique

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Las máquinas termoacústicas son dispositivos que transforman energía térmica (calor) en potencia acústica (sonido) y viceversa. Existen en el mundo dos ramas principales de estudio en esta disciplina, refrigeración termoacústica y máquinas termoacústicas de presión. Las primeras, como su nombre lo dice, se utilizan como dispositivos de refrigeración con excelentes resultados comerciales, las segundas pretenden sustituir a algunas máquinas de combustión interna.  1, record 21, Spanish, - refrigeraci%C3%B3n%20termoac%C3%BAstica

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Check to see if the new bedroom will be adequately served by your present heating system. If not, you’ll need to reroute ductwork to the area or add an auxiliary room heater. An auxiliary heater may offer the advantage of energy efficiency. With a separate control, even a timer, you can heat the room only when you need to.  1, record 22, English, - auxiliary%20room%20heater

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le locataire [...] n'utilise aucun appareil de chauffage d'appoint, fonctionnant à l'électricité, au bois, au gaz, au pétrole ou à toute autre combustible sans l'accord préalable et écrit de l'opérateur immobilier [...]  2, record 22, French, - appareil%20de%20chauffage%20d%27appoint

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Le poêle à pétrole est un appareil de chauffage d'appoint utilisant le pétrole comme combustible principal. Cet appareil pouvant chauffer de grandes surfaces, s'avère très économique à l'usage expliquant son succès actuel.  3, record 22, French, - appareil%20de%20chauffage%20d%27appoint

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Si on ajoute à cela le fait que le foyer à gaz prend peu de place et s'installe souvent aisément, on comprend la popularité grandissante de cet appareil de chauffage d'appoint.  4, record 22, French, - appareil%20de%20chauffage%20d%27appoint

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A mesure of the efficiency of a heating appliance, calculated by dividing the heat output by the energy input.  1, record 23, English, - coefficient%20of%20performance%20%28heating%29

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Évaluation de l'efficacité d'un appareil de chauffage, calculée en divisant l'énergie dégagée par la consommation d'énergie.  1, record 23, French, - coefficient%20de%20performance%20%28chauffage%29

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The percentage of heat energy that is delivered to the space to be heated.  2, record 24, English, - heat%20transfer%20efficiency

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Pourcentage d'énergie thermique fourni au local à chauffer.  2, record 24, French, - rendement%20de%20transfert%20thermique

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rocket propulsion in which electrical energy is used to heat a gaseous propellant, typically to increase the efficiency of a propulsive device.  2, record 25, English, - electrothermal%20propulsion

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Propulsion à réaction dans laquelle l'éjection de matière résulte d'une élévation de température obtenue par des procédés électriques.  2, record 25, French, - propulsion%20%C3%A9lectrothermique

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of effective work to the energy expended in producing it, as of a machine; output divided by input.  3, record 26, English, - efficiency

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

efficiency of a heat pump.  4, record 26, English, - efficiency

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

[...] rapport de l'énergie fournie à une machine à l'énergie disponible à la sortie (rendement énergétique);  2, record 26, French, - rendement

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

rendement d'une pompe à chaleur.  3, record 26, French, - rendement

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Grado de eficacia de un motor, máquina [...].  1, record 26, Spanish, - rendimiento

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Compared to existing coal power plants, clean coal technology(CCT) plants have the potential to both increase the competitiveness and environmental acceptance of coal, through increased overall thermal efficiency and reduced emissions of GHG [greenhouse gas] and other air pollutants. Given the importance of coal-based energy to the global economy and the need to reduce emissions, nations throughout the world are accelerating the development of a host of CCTs including new chemical processes that extract energy from coal in the form of electricity, heat and synthesis gas(H₂ and CO) with near zero pollutant emissions.  2, record 27, English, - clean%20coal%20technology

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Clean coal technologies available in the world markets which may improve efficiency in operation and mitigate environmental degradation should be sought.  3, record 27, English, - clean%20coal%20technology

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 3 CONT

The new 524-megawatt power plant in Hindman, Kentucky, will use so-called clean coal technology, which generates significantly more pollution than natural gas-fired power plants and renewable energy sources, such as wind, biomass, solar and geothermal energy. The plant, which is expected to be in operation by 2004, will emit annually more than 1,000 pounds of mercury, a potent neurotoxin. By comparison, natural gas-fired plants and renewable energy sources emit no mercury. "The term ’clean coal’ is like saying ’safe cigarettes,’" said Hawkins. "There is no such thing."  4, record 27, English, - clean%20coal%20technology

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Compare with "clean coal burning technology."  5, record 27, English, - clean%20coal%20technology

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

[Technologie faisant appel à des] techniques moins polluantes d'utilisation du charbon; [à des] techniques de charbon épuré.  3, record 27, French, - technologie%20du%20charbon%20%C3%A9pur%C3%A9

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Si on la compare aux centrales électriques actuelles qui sont alimentées au charbon, la technologie liée au charbon sans émissions (TCE) offre la possibilité d'accroître la compétitivité et l'acceptation sur le plan environnemental de la consommation houillère. Ces deux derniers éléments sont favorisés par une plus grande efficacité thermique globale, ainsi que par la réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre et des autres polluants atmosphériques. Compte tenu de l'importance de la production énergétique à base de charbon pour l'économie mondiale et de la nécessité de réduire les émissions, un grand nombre de pays travaille actuellement à accélérer le développement de la TCE en plusieurs éléments, notamment de nouveaux procédés chimiques permettant d'extraire de l'énergie du charbon qui adopte la forme d'électricité, de chaleur et de gaz de synthèse (H₂ et CO) avec à peu près pas d'émissions polluantes.  2, record 27, French, - technologie%20du%20charbon%20%C3%A9pur%C3%A9

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Il y aura de nouvelles percées dans la technologie du charbon épuré. Un nouveau projet d'utilisation du charbon épuré sera en marche et bien en selle en l'an 2007. Tout ce qui sort des cheminées sera capté et réutilisé. Ce sont là des technologies auxquelles le gouvernement devrait s'intéresser.  4, record 27, French, - technologie%20du%20charbon%20%C3%A9pur%C3%A9

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 3 CONT

Le Parlement européen [...] fait observer que la technologie du charbon épuré offre des possibilités considérables de gains d'efficacité énergétique, de réduction des émissions polluantes et de création d'un marché mondial de nouveaux équipements et systèmes; invite les industriels du secteur et les acteurs du sixième programme-cadre de recherche à mener à bien une démonstration du fonctionnement de systèmes de production d'énergie au moyen du charbon épuré; [...]  5, record 27, French, - technologie%20du%20charbon%20%C3%A9pur%C3%A9

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Pourrait se rapporter à une technologie de combustion écologique du charbon [en anglais : «clean coal burning technology»] (voir aussi cette autre fiche).  6, record 27, French, - technologie%20du%20charbon%20%C3%A9pur%C3%A9

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Another innovation is the back-surface reflector(BSR). Even in photovoltaic devices operating at theoretical maximum efficiency, less than 40% of the light to which it is sensitive is absorbed by the cell and converted to electricity. The rest travels through unabsorbed and becomes a system loss. However, the BSR reflects this light back through the cell for a second pass, which greatly increases the conversion efficiency. Also, the BSR reflects radiation to which the cell is not sensitive. This radiation is called out-of-band radiation, and cannot be converted to electricity with this given material bandgap. By reflecting the out-of-band radiation back through the cell, it passes back out the front to the heat source where it is recycled.(Essentially, it helps keep the heat source hot so less fuel is required.)  2, record 28, English, - back%20surface%20reflector

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 CONT

On réduit l'échauffement de ces photopiles en réalisant un réflecteur dans le contact arrière [...], ce qui favorise aussi la création de porteurs de charge aux longueurs d'onde voisines de celle correspondant au seuil d'absorption intrinsèque, en augmentant leur trajet optique. On obtient le réflecteur par une métallisation à l'aluminium; le contact arrière est constitué d'un dépôt multicouche : Al-Ti-Pd-Ag.  1, record 28, French, - r%C3%A9flecteur%20dans%20le%20contact%20arri%C3%A8re

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The accumulator is intended for heating fuel components in the rocket and space engines and can be used in space engineering, aircraft and other branches of industry. The task of increasing gas heating efficiency, reducing mass of the construction, diminution of dimensions and lowering thermal and hydraulic losses of heated gas is solved by making a heat accumulating element as a mono-unit in the form of cylinder. The covers with branch pipes are recessed in the ends of the mono-unit. The covers are butt joined to mono-unit on conical surfaces through pressurizing end seals at forming the collectors for gas feed and discharge. Plate electric heater and channels or annular slot for flowing gas are located along the longitudinal axis. The axis of channels or annular slot location divides the mass of heat accumulating element into two equal parts. In so doing, porous insert or a set of badly stream-lined bodies is in the channels or annular slot. All units of heat accumulator are coated with gas-dense material.  2, record 29, English, - annular%20slot

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the useful output energy which results when a fuel is burned, to the theoretical input energy content of the fuel.  1, record 30, English, - fuel%20efficiency

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Fuel efficiency for a heating fuel is less than 100 percent to the extent that heated air is used in combustion and to the extent that exhaust venting is necessary. In other applications fuel efficiencies are less than 100 percent partly because of waste heat generation.  1, record 30, English, - fuel%20efficiency

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rapport entre l'énergie utile que l'on obtient de la combustion d'un combustible et la teneur théorique en énergie du combustible utilisé.  2, record 30, French, - rendement%20du%20combustible

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le rendement d'un combustible de chauffage est inférieur à 100 %, puisqu'il faut de l'air chaud pour la combustion et qu'il faut évacuer les gaz libérés. Pour d'autres applications, le rendement du combustible n'atteint pas 100 %, en partie à cause de la chaleur perdue produite.  2, record 30, French, - rendement%20du%20combustible

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Jet cooling system : Jet pump is used to produce a vacuum so water or refrigerant may evaporate at relatively low temperature. These systems usually require large condenser and have a low efficiency to remove heat.  1, record 31, English, - jet%20cooling%20system

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Jet cooling/Refroidissement par jet d'air froid: Mode de réfrigération rapide par projection d'air à très grande vitesse sur les produits, en général pendant que ceux-ci circulent en continu sur une bande porteuse.  2, record 31, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20refroidissement%20par%20jet%20d%27air%20froid

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The efficiency of a Carnot engine receiving heat at a temperature absolute T1 and giving it up at a lower temperature absolute T2.  2, record 32, English, - Carnot%20efficiency

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Carnot efficiency is essentially a relation between the working temperature of an engine and the outlet, or exhaust, temperature.  3, record 32, English, - Carnot%20efficiency

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rendement maximal d'une machine ditherme.  2, record 32, French, - rendement%20de%20Carnot

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le cycle de Carnot est défini par l'hypothèse suivante : Il n'y a pas d'irréversibilité, ni dans les compressions, ni dans les détentes, ni dans les transformations de fluide. Ce cycle n'est donc pas possible pratiquement car toute transformation de chaleur en travail est irréversible. De plus, tout échange thermique implique une perte de chaleur due également aux irréversibilités. Le rendement de la machine est égal au quotient de l'énergie mécanique qu'elle fournit par l'énergie thermique qu'elle reçoit.  3, record 32, French, - rendement%20de%20Carnot

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A measure of generating station thermal efficiency, generally expressed in Btu per net kilowatt hour. It is computed by dividing the total Btu content of fuel burned for electric generation by the resulting net kilowatt hour generation.  2, record 33, English, - heat%20rate

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 DEF

In respect of a power plant, the heat consumption per kWh of current produced, [expressed by the following calculation:] heat supplied in fuel (MJ) divided by the energy generated (kWh).  3, record 33, English, - heat%20rate

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In a large conventional power station with a thermal efficiency of 36 per cent, the heat rate is approximately 10 MJ. One kWh=3. 6 MJ.  3, record 33, English, - heat%20rate

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 2 OBS

The ratio of the energy content of the fuel used to the electrical energy produced over a given period; it can be referred to the electricity generated(gross) or the electricity supplied(net). The reciprocal of the heat rate expressed as a percentage is the thermal efficiency of the power station. In the case of the "heat rate" the units should be stated; in the case of the "thermal efficiency" the energy content of the fuel and the electrical energy produced must be expressed in the same unit.  4, record 33, English, - heat%20rate

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantité de combustible nécessaire pour produire 1 kWh d'électricité.  2, record 33, French, - consommation%20sp%C3%A9cifique%20de%20chaleur

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cociente entre el equivalente calorífico del combustible consumido y la cantidad de energía eléctrica producida en el intervalo o tiempo considerado. Lo mismo que la energía producida este consumo puede ser bruto o neto.  1, record 33, Spanish, - consumo%20espec%C3%ADfico%20de%20calor

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The ratio of the electric power produced by a power plant to the amount of heat produced by the fuel.  3, record 34, English, - thermal%20efficiency

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 OBS

A measure of the efficiency with which the plant converts thermal to electric energy.  3, record 34, English, - thermal%20efficiency

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 DEF

The calorific content of the total useful heat or energy produced by a plant, expressed as a percentage of the calorific content of the total fuel consumed, or simply: heat output [divided by] heat input [multiplied by] 100.  4, record 34, English, - thermal%20efficiency

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 OBS

In respect of a boiler, "heat output" relates to the energy value of the useful hot water or steam produced. In considering electricity generation, however, the overall thermal efficiency is the total energy value of the electricity "sent out", expressed as a percentage of the energy value(gross as fired) of the fuel used. This overall concept takes account of both boiler and steam turbine losses. A modern power station achieves about 35 per cent thermal efficiency.  4, record 34, English, - thermal%20efficiency

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 3 OBS

Compare with "heat rate", a related concept which some authors consider as a synonym of "thermal efficiency".  5, record 34, English, - thermal%20efficiency

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le perfectionnement des RHTRG [réacteurs à haute température refroidis par gaz] aura pour but d'améliorer la performance et de prolonger la durée de vie des centrales. Pour le premier point, de nombreuses recherches sont actuellement consacrées à ce que l'on appelle le cycle à turbine à gaz, où un gaz à haute température alimente directement une turbine à gaz ce qui permet d'obtenir un rendement thermique très élevé et un coût de l'énergie très intéressant ainsi qu'à la production de chaleur industrielle à très haute température.  2, record 34, French, - rendement%20thermique

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Comparaison du rendement thermique des chaudières. Chaudière de 1970 : Rendement utile de la chaudière : 55 à 70 %. Pertes à l'arrêt de la chaudière : 10 à 15 %. Pertes par les gaz de combustion : 20 à 30 %. Rendement de la combustion : 70 à 80 %. Chaudière OPTIMAZ : Rendement utile de la chaudière : plus de 90 %. Pertes à l'arrêt de la chaudière : 1 %. Pertes par les gaz de combustion : 5 à 9 %. Rendement de la combustion : 91 à 94 %.  3, record 34, French, - rendement%20thermique

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cross-fin coils with staggered copper tubing and aluminum fins for the highest heat transfer efficiency.  1, record 35, English, - cross%2Dfin%20coil

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Proposition par analogie avec d'autres termes techniques où «cross» est traduit par «transversal» et à partir de la description de «ailette» qui se trouve dans le Grand dictionnaire encyclopédique Larousse (voir ci-après).  1, record 35, French, - serpentin%20%C3%A0%20ailettes%20transversales

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 OBS

«ailette» : Saillie destinée à augmenter la surface de transmission de chaleur entre une paroi, comme celle d'un tuyau servant au chauffage ou au refroidissement, et le fluide qui le baigne de ce côté. [...] Sur un tuyau, les ailettes peuvent être transversales, longitudinales ou enroulées en hélice.  2, record 35, French, - serpentin%20%C3%A0%20ailettes%20transversales

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Boilers may be grouped into classes based on working pressure and temperature, fuel used, shape and size, usage (such as heating or process), steam or water, and in many other ways.  1, record 36, English, - fuel%20burning%20boiler

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

By Fuel Used. Boilers may be designed to burn coal, wood, various grades of fuel oil, various types of fuel gas, or to operate as electric boilers. A boiler designed for one specific fuel type may not be convertible to another type of fuel. Some boiler designs can be adapted to burn coal, oil or gas. Several designs allow firing with oil or gas by burner conversion or by using a dual fuel burner.... Efficiency of fuel burning boilers is defined in two ways : combustion efficiency and overall efficiency. Electric boilers are, of course, nearly 100% efficient in transferring heat within the boiler.  1, record 36, English, - fuel%20burning%20boiler

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les chaudières à combustibles. Elles comprennent : -une alimentation en combustible : porte de chargement ou alimentation automatique en charbon, arrivée du fuel ou du gaz; -un organe de combustion, grille à charbon, ou brûleur à fuel ou à gaz; -une entrée d'air; -une évacuation des fumées et des cendres; -une jaquette d'eau, pour les chaudières à eau chaude, ou une jaquette d'air pour les chaudières à air chaud; -une jaquette calorifugée destinée à limiter les pertes dans la chaufferie; -des organes de contrôle et de régulation.  1, record 36, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20combustible

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chaudière : Certains auteurs incluent l'air dans les types de fluide caloporteur de la chaudière. En général, on réserve ce terme pour désigner l'appareil utilisant l'eau ou la vapeur comme fluide caloporteur.  2, record 36, French, - chaudi%C3%A8re%20%C3%A0%20combustible

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Duct system characteristics.... the basic arrangements consist of : a) The trunkduct system... b) The box-plenum duct system... c) The extended-plenum duct system... d) The individual duct system offers the other extreme in duct arrangements. This system is easy to install, but in many cases proves fairly expensive if a large number of individual ducts is to be run to a far end of the building. Furthermore, the heat loss from the ducts can be large and the duct transmission efficiency can be low. The system is easy to balance.  1, record 37, English, - perimeter%20radial%20system

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Arrangement of furnace and ducts ... d) ... radial-feeder arrangement of individual ducts....  1, record 37, English, - perimeter%20radial%20system

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le système de périmètre genre radial utilise des gaines d'alimentation individuelles reliant la boîte centrale aux locaux à chauffer. Ce système est recommandé dans les résidences avec vide sanitaire, le plancher étant réchauffé dans une certaine mesure. On l'utilise quelquefois dans les constructions comportant une dalle sur remplissage.  1, record 37, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20p%C3%A9rim%C3%A8tre%20genre%20radial

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 OBS

système de distribution radial : Terme en usage dans le domaine du chauffage. Robert Bédard, conseiller en formation technique, Gaz Metropolitain.  2, record 37, French, - syst%C3%A8me%20de%20p%C3%A9rim%C3%A8tre%20genre%20radial

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Next, the ideal Carnot efficiency is shown as a function of the heat source temperature.  1, record 38, English, - ideal%20Carnot%20efficiency

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

For maximum efficiency the [coke] ovens are arranged in batteries of 10 to 100 so that a single furnace unit and handling system can serve all the retorts in a battery.... The coke oven batteries are equipped with units to recover heat from flue gases.  1, record 39, English, - coke%20oven%20battery

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vue extérieure d'une batterie de fours à coke.  1, record 39, French, - batterie%20de%20fours%20%C3%A0%20coke

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les fours à coke sont groupés en batteries de 70 à 100.  1, record 39, French, - batterie%20de%20fours%20%C3%A0%20coke

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The design of combustion furnaces for a given performance and thermal efficiency, involving study of the heat liberated in the combustion process, the amount of heat absorbed by heat elements, and heat-transfer rates.  2, record 40, English, - combustion%20engineering

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 41,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 41, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A combined cycle process combines two different power cycles in such a manner that the combined cycle operates over a larger temperature range than does either of the individual cycles. This produces a higher overall thermal efficiency. There are two basic categories of combined cycles : recuperative and high-efficiency.... A typical recuperative combined cycle employs an unfired heat recovery steam boiler which uses a gas turbine exhaust as its sole heat supply....  1, record 41, English, - recuperative%20combined%20cycle

Record 41,  Textual support,  French

Record 41,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 42,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In any conversion process there is no loss of energy and the sum of all energy outputs equals the sum of all energy inputs. However, energy may be degraded to unusable forms, eg. the waste heat from electricity generation. The conversion efficiency is the proportion of useful energy output to total energy input, and is normally stated as a percentage : useful energy output [divided by] total energy input [multiplied by] 100.  1, record 42, English, - conversion%20efficiency

Record 42,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 42, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les rendements de conversion pourraient être également très sensiblement augmentés comparativement aux rendements obtenus dans les groupes ayant des puissances de quelques centaines de kilowatts qui ont servi de référence ici dans les calculs numériques.  2, record 42, French, - rendement%20de%20conversion

Record 42,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 43,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The technique used in the operation of a wood-fired appliance can have an effect on its efficiency in converting fuelwood into useful heat.... A flue pipe thermometer is a handy device for monitoring the performance of your appliance. Look for the type with a metal probe for insertion into the pipe rather than the magnetic kind. Locate it between 30 cm and 60 cm above the appliance flue collar. For optimum performance the flue temperature should not exceed 330 °C(600°F) or fall below 110 °C(200 °F) during normal operation.  1, record 43, English, - flue%20pipe%20thermometer

Record 43,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 43, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Un thermomètre placé dans le conduit d'évacuation peut vous permettre de mieux évaluer le rendement de votre appareil.  2, record 43, French, - thermom%C3%A8tre%20de%20conduit%20d%27%C3%A9vacuation

Record 43,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 44,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 44, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Non-airtight stoves are either antiques, replicas of antiques or inexpensive stoves which have been designed and manufactured without regard for efficiency or precision. The entry of combustion air is not well controlled and, in addition to limiting combustion efficiency, leaves the user powerless to stop excessive heat output and runaway fires.  1, record 44, English, - non%2Dairtight%20stove

Record 44,  Textual support,  French

Record 44,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 45,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 45, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Vented wall furnaces : Similar in design, efficiency and application to free standing space heaters, these appliances draw combustion air in, and discharge combustion gases out of a vent to the outside of the building. They can include an air circulating fan to promote heat distribution. The heating unit is permanently mounted on an outside wall and includes automatic controls.  1, record 45, English, - vented%20wall%20furnace

Record 45,  Textual support,  French

Record 45,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 46,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 46, Textual support number: 1 CONT

There are a number of performance factors that determine how well your heating system is able to supply heat to your home. For all non-electric heating systems there are two basic approaches to defining efficient performance. Both measure the percentage of heat available in a fuel that is actually delivered as heat to the house. Steady state efficiency is a performance factor that is easily measured over a short period of time. It indicates the performance of a system that has been running long enough to allow all furnace components to reach their normal operating temperatures... Seasonal efficiency...  1, record 46, English, - steady%20state%20efficiency

Record 46,  Textual support,  French

Record 46,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 47,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Use of packaged energy systems of high efficiency in which gas-fired turbines or engines produce electrical energy and in which the exhaust heat is used for heating or cooling.  1, record 47, English, - total%20energy

Record 47,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Mode d'utilisation d'une ressource énergétique, dans lequel on tire pari de toutes les formes d'énergie produites  1, record 47, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20totale

Record number: 47, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Avec un moteur à explosion exploité en énergie totale, on utilise non seulement le travail mécanique, mais aussi l'énergie calorifique contenue dans le fluide de refroidissement.  1, record 47, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20totale

Record 47,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 48,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

brake thermal efficiency is the ratio of the heat developed into useful work to the heat energy of the fuel.  1, record 48, English, - brake%20thermal%20efficiency

Record 48,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 48, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) le rendement thermique effectif est le rapport du travail effectivement fourni par le moteur au pouvoir calorifique (...) du combustible consommé.  1, record 48, French, - rendement%20thermique%20effectif

Record 48,  Textual support,  Spanish