TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

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Air-sea heat flux is the scientific term for the absorption and release of heat between the ocean and the atmosphere.  2, record 1, English, - air%2Dsea%20heat%20flux

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In general, shelf water masses undergo seasonal modification in their properties as a result of the seasonal cycles of air-sea heat flux, wind-forced mixing and ice formation and melt...  1, record 1, English, - air%2Dsea%20heat%20flux

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

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En général, les masses d'eau du plateau continental subissent des modifications saisonnières de leurs propriétés en raison des cycles saisonniers du flux thermique air-mer, du mélange par le vent et de la formation et de la fonte de la glace […]  1, record 1, French, - flux%20thermique%20air%2Dmer

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

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The oceanic or limnological mixed layer is a layer in which active turbulence has homogenized some range of depths. The surface mixed layer is a layer where this turbulence is generated by winds, surface heat fluxes, or processes such as evaporation or sea ice formation which result in an increase in salinity.  2, record 2, English, - surface%20mixed%20layer

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

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Bien que les températures choisies soient arbitraires, les résultats qui suivent ne sont pas particulièrement sensibles à la température exacte retenue, car la couche de mélange en surface tend à se réchauffer et à se refroidir de manière linéaire au printemps et à l'automne […]  1, record 2, French, - couche%20de%20m%C3%A9lange%20en%20surface

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Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A solid-state transformation of thermodynamically unstable non-graphiticcarbon into graphite by means of heat treatment.  5, record 3, English, - graphitization

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Graphitization is also used for the transformation of metastable diamond into graphite by heat treatment, as well as in metallurgy for the formation of graphite from thermodynamically unstable carbides by thermal decomposition at high temperatures. Such uses of the term graphitization are in line with the above definition. The use of the term graphitization to indicate a process of thermal treatment of carbon materials at T > 2500 K regardless of any resultant crystallinity is incorrect.  5, record 3, English, - graphitization

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Opération ayant pour but de transformer, par recuits successifs, le carbone des fontes en graphite.  3, record 3, French, - graphitisation

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 OBS

malléabilisation : Traitement thermique de recuit exécuté en métallurgie dans la fabrication de la fonte, de deux manières différentes suivant que l'on veut obtenir de la fonte à cœur blanc Réaumur (ou européenne) ou de la fonte à cœur noir (ou américaine).  3, record 3, French, - graphitisation

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La graphitisation est dite primaire si elle se produit durant la solidification et secondaire si elle se produit au cours d'un traitement thermique dit de graphitisation. Ce type de traitement (recuit prolongé) est plus particulièrement appliqué aux fontes et aux aciers hypereutectoïdes.  4, record 3, French, - graphitisation

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Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The formation of solid deposits on fuel element or heat transfer surfaces.  2, record 4, English, - fouling

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

fouling: term and definition standardized by ISO in 1997.  3, record 4, English, - fouling

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Formation de dépôts solides sur un élément combustible ou sur des surfaces de transfert de chaleur.  1, record 4, French, - encrassement

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 OBS

encrassement : terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO en 1997.  3, record 4, French, - encrassement

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

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The obsolete theory that attributed the formation of all of the rocks of the Earth to the action of internal heat.  3, record 5, English, - Plutonism

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

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Théorie [...] qui expliquait la formation de la croûte terrestre par une action profonde du «feu intérieur».  3, record 5, French, - plutonisme

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Cette théorie a été mise de l'avant par Hutton, en 1788.  4, record 5, French, - plutonisme

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The amount of heat freed or absorbed when one gram molecular weight of a compound forms from its elements.  3, record 6, English, - heat%20of%20formation

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantité de chaleur dégagée ou absorbée lorsqu'un composé est formé à partir des éléments à leur état normal, à une température et à une pression données.  2, record 6, French, - chaleur%20de%20formation

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

La cantidad de calor despedido o absorbido cuando se forma un compuesto a partir de sus elementos, dependiente del estado físico y alotrópico de los productos iniciales y finales; se expresa de ordinario referido a la molécula gramo.  2, record 6, Spanish, - calor%20de%20formaci%C3%B3n

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Así, la ecuación de combustión del hidrógeno es: H2(g)[2,g,subíndices]+½O2(g)[2,g,subíndices]=>H2[ subíndice]O(l)[ subíndice]+68 400 cal. Las 68 400 cal son el calor de formación del agua líquida a partir de sus elementos.  3, record 6, Spanish, - calor%20de%20formaci%C3%B3n

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

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The prerequisite for glasses and glass-ceramics to bond to living bone is the formation of biologically active bonelike apatite on their surfaces in the body. Our previous study showed that a silica gel prepared by a hydrolysis and polycondensation of tetraethoxysilane in aqueous solution containing poly(ethylene glycol) induces apatite nucleation on its surface in a simulated body fluid. In the present study, the effects of heat treatment of silica gel on its catalytic effects in apatite nucleation was investigated in a simulated body fluid. It was found that apatite forms on the surfaces of silica gels heat-treated below 800 C, but not on those heat-treated above 900 C. The volume of nanometer-range pores in the gel remarkably decreased by heat treatment above 900 C. The concentration of silanol groups in the silica gels gradually decreased with increasing heat treatment temperature. The rate of silica dissolution from the gel into the simulated body fluid decreased remarkably by heat treatment above 900 C. This suggested that a special type of silanol group which is formed by soaking the gel treated below 800 C into the simulated body fluid is responsible for apatite nucleation.  3, record 7, English, - simulated%20body%20fluid

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body fluid: Any liquid component of the body.  4, record 7, English, - simulated%20body%20fluid

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

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Les recherches sur les aspects santé et sécurité de la fibre de verre font partie de trois catégories de base : a) les études épidémiologiques humaines évaluent la santé des travailleurs de la fibre de verre; b) les études en laboratoire examinent les effets biologiques de la fibre de verre sur les animaux de laboratoire, les cultures cellulaires et les liquides organiques simulés; c) les études sur l'hygiène industrielle mesurent les expositions à la poussière de fibre de verre en suspension dans l'air pendant la fabrication, l'installation, l'utilisation et l'enlèvement.  1, record 7, French, - liquide%20organique%20simul%C3%A9

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Contrairement aux allergènes protéiques connus, [les protéines CryIA(b) et PAT] sont dégradées rapidement par l'acide ou l'hydrolyse enzymatique lorsqu'elles sont exposées à des liquides gastriques simulés.  2, record 7, French, - liquide%20organique%20simul%C3%A9

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le test du liquide gastrique simulé (LGS), un système artificiel pour tester la digestibilité des protéines, n'est pas identique aux conditions physiologiques du tube digestif.  3, record 7, French, - liquide%20organique%20simul%C3%A9

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liquide organique : Liquide qui circule dans l'organisme ou est secrété par lui (sang, plasma, lymphe, liquide céphalo-rachidien, urines, sueur, etc.).  4, record 7, French, - liquide%20organique%20simul%C3%A9

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cyclic steam stimulation. In order to soften the oil sand before pumping, for several weeks high-pressure steam is injected into the oil sand formation. Steam helps recover the resource in several ways. The heat softens the oil sand and the water vapour helps to break up the bitumen from the sand. The pressure created in the underground environment causes cracks to be formed that adds drive to move the bitumen to producing wells. After a portion of the reservoir has been satisfactorily saturated, the steam is turned off and the reservoir allowed to sit for several weeks. After it has been allowed to sit and soak up the steam and moisture, the production phase brings the bitumen to the surface. It either flows on its own, or is pumped up the well to the surface. When the rates of production start to decline, the reservoir is pumped with steam once again.  3, record 8, English, - cyclic%20steam%20stimulation

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

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[...] le procédé CSS [Cyclic Steam Stimulation] consiste à utiliser un même puits alternativement en injection de vapeur et extraction de bitume. La vapeur liquéfie le bitume et rend le pompage possible. Par rapport à l'extraction minière, on ne dérange qu'une toute petite surface au sol, et les nuisances générales (bruit par exemple) sont bien moindres. Cependant la consommation d'énergie pour produire la vapeur est énorme.  3, record 8, French, - proc%C3%A9d%C3%A9%20CSS

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Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Generally, the effect of any lake in modifying the weather about its shore and for some distance downwind.  2, record 9, English, - lake%20effect

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In the United States... More specifically, lake effect often refers to the generation of sometimes spectacular snowfall amounts to the lee of the Great Lakes as cold air passes over the lake surface, extracting heat and moisture, resulting in cloud formation and snowfall downwind of the lake shore.  2, record 9, English, - lake%20effect

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Effet d'un lac sur ses rives au point de vue temps et climat.  1, record 9, French, - effet%20de%20lac

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Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The recording of the thermal qualities of objects and surfaces by means of scanning equipment in which the IR or microwave radiation recorded can be converted into a thermal image.  3, record 10, English, - thermography

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Processes of image formation by heat.... All heat processes are based on the... fact that when a document having an infra-red absorbing image is subjected to... heat..., the image... becomes hotter than the background...  4, record 10, English, - thermography

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thermography: term officially approved by the RADARSAT-2 Terminology Approval Group (RTAG).  5, record 10, English, - thermography

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Technique qui permet l'enregistrement et la restitution de l'énergie radiative émise par les différents points d'une scène dans l'infrarouge thermique ou les hyperfréquences.  3, record 10, French, - thermographie

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 OBS

photographie à infrarouge : Ne pas confondre avec images infrarouges.  4, record 10, French, - thermographie

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thermographie : terme uniformisé par le Groupe de travail de la terminologie de RADARSAT-2 (GTTR).  5, record 10, French, - thermographie

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Representación en un fotograma de un área u objeto en función de la temperatura que emite.  1, record 10, Spanish, - termograf%C3%ADa

Record 11,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gizzard erosion is a condition seen in broiler chickens caused by gizzerosine toxicity.  3, record 11, English, - gizzard%20erosion

Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Gizzerosine is formed by a reaction between the 3 amino group of lysine with free histidine during the heating of fish meal. The amount of heat to which fish meal is exposed during the drying process is critical in the formation of gizzerosine.  3, record 11, English, - gizzard%20erosion

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So far gizzerosine toxicity have only been described in chickens, possibly due to the high level of fish meal in the diets of this species ... The question of the influence of gizzerosine on horses and other species is however still unanswered.  3, record 11, English, - gizzard%20erosion

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

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Une équipe japonaise vient de reproduire expérimentalement une forte érosion du gésier sur des poulets de chair de différents âges, en leur inoculant un Adénovirus aviaire de type I (souche 99ZH).  3, record 11, French, - %C3%A9rosion%20du%20g%C3%A9sier

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Il a été signalé que la gizzérosine provoque l'érosion du gésier (EG) chez les poulets [...]  2, record 11, French, - %C3%A9rosion%20du%20g%C3%A9sier

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érosion : lésion de la peau ou d'une muqueuse avec perte de substance très superficielle.  4, record 11, French, - %C3%A9rosion%20du%20g%C3%A9sier

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Record 12,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The main advantage of steam injection over other enhanced oil recovery methods is that steam can be applied to a wide variety of reservoirs. Two limiting factors are: depth ... and reservoir thickness [which] is determined by the rate of heat loss to base and cap rock.  1, record 12, English, - base%20and%20cap%20rock

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Heat losses to the formations above and below the oil-bearing formation are appreciable when the sands are thin.  2, record 12, English, - base%20and%20cap%20rock

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF

éponte : Chacune des surfaces limitant un filon et bordure de la roche encaissante au contact.  3, record 12, French, - formations%20encaissantes

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[...] les pertes thermiques jouent un grand rôle dans les possibilités d'utilisation des méthodes de récupération par injection de fluides chauds. [...] La perte thermique dans les épontes [...] abaisse localement la température [...]  2, record 12, French, - formations%20encaissantes

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Lors de la combustion à co-courant, la chaleur emmagasinée dans la matrice, qui n'est pas utilisée pour préchauffer l'air injecté, est perdue vers les formations encaissantes.  2, record 12, French, - formations%20encaissantes

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Intentional or unintentional change in the weather caused by human activities.  4, record 13, English, - weather%20modification

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 OBS

weather modification(weather control). The term usually refers to cloud seeding activities, but can also include constructing windbreaks, dissipating fog by the forceful addition of heat or water spray, or preventing frost formation on crops by cloud spray, heating, or mixing processes. Inadvertent weather modification refers to accidental weather effects resulting from the release of greenhouse gases, aerosols, and dust, or changes in albedo or surface properties of the earth associated with urban, industrial, or agricultural activity.  5, record 13, English, - weather%20modification

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Schemes for modifying the long-range climate of a region are often referred to as climate control.  6, record 13, English, - weather%20modification

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In some sources, "weather control" is considered as a synonym of "weather modification" whereas in the International Glossary of Meteorology (OMMV) it has a separate entry and it is defined as a "Weather modification carried out towards a deliberate end."  7, record 13, English, - weather%20modification

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Changement, intentionnel ou non, du temps imputable à l'activité humaine.  5, record 13, French, - modification%20du%20temps

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La modification des conditions météorologiques observée ces jours-là ne permet pas de faire toute la lumière sur cette alerte à la pollution atmosphérique ni sur l'efficacité réelle des mesures de circulation adoptées.  6, record 13, French, - modification%20du%20temps

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Le Glossaire international de météorologie définit le terme «modification artificielle du temps» comme étant une «Modification du temps faite dans un but déterminé.»  7, record 13, French, - modification%20du%20temps

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Modificación del tiempo causada por actividades del hombre, sean éstas intencionales o no.  3, record 13, Spanish, - modificaci%C3%B3n%20del%20tiempo

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

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Sulfuric acid treatment of mineral oils results in oils of improved odor, color, color stability, stability to heat and oxidation and resistance to sludge formation.  1, record 14, English, - sulfuric%20acid%20treatment

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acid refining: Process whereby the impurities in a crude vegetable oil are removed by treatment with sulphuric [sic: obsolete form for sulfuric] acid.  2, record 14, English, - sulfuric%20acid%20treatment

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

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raffinage à l'acide : Procédé par lequel les impuretés d'une huile végétale brute sont éliminées par traitement à l'acide sulfurique.  1, record 14, French, - traitement%20%C3%A0%20l%27acide%20sulfurique

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

An acute or chronic affection of the skin characterized by the formation of evanescent whitish, pink or red elevations or weals, attended by itching, stinging, or burning. It may be due to a state of hypersensitivity to foods or drugs, foci of infection, physical agents(heat, cold, light, friction), or psychic stimuli.  3, record 15, English, - urticaria

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Éruption passagère des papules roses ou blanchâtres [...], accompagnée de démangeaisons et d'une sensation de brûlure.  2, record 15, French, - urticaire

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Erupción de habones o manchas rojas con intenso picor, producida por reacción alérgica a ciertos alimentos o sueros o por picaduras de insectos o de plantas.  2, record 15, Spanish, - urticaria

Record 16,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Sodium is the sixth most abundant element on earth, comprising about 2. 6% of the earth's crust; it is the most abundant of the alkali group of metals of which it is a member.... Sodium is a soft, bright, silvery metal which floats on water, decomposing it with the evolution of hydrogen and the formation of the hydroxide.... Metallic sodium is vital in the manufacture of sodamide and esters, and in the preparation of organic compounds. The metal may be used to improve the structure of certain alloys, to descale metal, to purify molten metals, and as a heat transfer agent.... Seventeen isotopes of sodium are recognized. Metallic sodium is, [on] a volume basis, the cheapest of all metals. Sodium metal should be handled with great care.  4, record 16, English, - metallic%20sodium

Record number: 16, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... Argonne’s technology can successfully prepare for disposal some 60 tons of "sodium-bonded" fuel stored at the Idaho National Engineering and Environmental Laboratory (INEEL). This experimental reactor fuel contains metallic sodium, a highly chemically reactive material that presents disposal challenges. For example, metallic sodium reacts with water to produce explosive hydrogen gas and corrosive sodium hydroxide, both of which could create problems in a deep underground repository ...  5, record 16, English, - metallic%20sodium

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 17,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The advantage of the foaming slag practice in the electric arc furnace steelmaking has become increasingly clear. As main feature, submerging the arc(s) in the slag can enhance the heat transfer between the arc(s) and the melt... The foaming can be difficult to control properly since the evolution of the chemical and physical conditions in the slag/steel system that affect foam height is generally unknown. Presently, the slag height and the foam formation is still estimated in most of the installations by subjective acoustic and visual means of the furnace operator, the operating practices being either rigidly pre-established or let to the free interpretation of furnace operators.  2, record 17, English, - slag%20foaming%20practice

Record 17,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 17, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les installations alimentées par un four électrique à arc font appel à toutes les techniques permettant de réduire la consommation d'électricité (soufflage d'oxygène, injection de charbon et de chaux, pratique du laitier moussant, post-combustion, préchauffage des ferrailles, etc).  1, record 17, French, - pratique%20du%20laitier%20moussant

Record 17,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 18,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Infiltration is the physical process involving movement of water through the boundary area where the atmosphere interfaces with the soil. The surface phenomenon is governed by soil surface conditions. Water transfer is related to the porosity of the soil and the permeability of the soil profile.  4, record 18, English, - water%20transfer

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 CONT

The SHAW model is... capable of simulating complex wintertime phenomena of freezing effects on moisture and solute migration, solute effects on frost formation, and frozen soil related runoff. The interrelated transfer of heat, liquid water, water vapor, and solutes between layers within the soil profile is solved using an iterative procedure.  3, record 18, English, - water%20transfer

Record 18,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Déplacement d'eau liquide, en particulier dans le sol et dans la plante.  1, record 18, French, - transfert%20d%27eau%20liquide

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le plus souvent l'eau se déplace : infiltration dans le sol après une pluie ou une irrigation, percolation en profondeur jusqu'à la nappe, déplacement de l'eau de la nappe, vers une source ou des drains, remontées capillaires jusqu'à la surface évaporante ou la zone de succion racinaire, flux liquide du sol jusqu'aux feuilles. Ces transferts sont dus à des différences de potentiel hydrique total. 1. Transfert nul. [...] 2. Transfert en sol saturé. [...] 3. Transfert en sol non saturé. [...] 4. Transfert à travers les plantes.  1, record 18, French, - transfert%20d%27eau%20liquide

Record number: 18, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Dans les transferts d'eau liquide, il est également montré que toute portion de circuit emprunté par l'eau dans le sol, à l'interface sol-racine ou dans la plante, peut être caractérisée par une résistance. Dans le sol, cette dernière augmente très rapidement lors du dessèchement du sol car l'abaissement de l'humidité correspond au vidage progressif des pores en commençant par les plus gros. Ainsi plus le sol est sec, moins nombreux et plus petits sont les pores qui, pleins d'eau, peuvent participer au transfert d'eau liquide.  1, record 18, French, - transfert%20d%27eau%20liquide

Record 18,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 19,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Peroxide Forming Chemicals. Materials that are susceptible to peroxide formation(i. e., autooxidation) are ones that typically react with air, moisture or impurities and produce a change in their chemical composition in normal storage. The peroxides that form are less volatile than the solvent itself and thus tend to concentrate. This is particularly dangerous if peroxides are present during a distillation, where the applied heat to the concentrated solution may trigger a violent explosion. Equally dangerous is to allow a container of this material to evaporate to dryness, leaving the crystals of peroxide at the bottom of the container.  4, record 19, English, - peroxide%20forming%20chemical

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Chemicals that are sensitive to peroxide formation can be broken into three categories .... A. Peroxide hazard after prolonged storage. Form potentially explosive peroxides without concentrating. B. Chemicals which become a peroxide hazard if concentrated, such as through distillation or evaporation. Test for peroxide formation or discard after 1 year. C. Chemicals which are a hazard due to peroxide initiation of polymerization.  4, record 19, English, - peroxide%20forming%20chemical

Record 19,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 OBS

peroxydation: Réaction chimique consistant à porter un atome ou une molécule au plus haut degré possible d'oxydation [ou à former] un peroxyde au sens vrai, c'est-à-dire un dérivé de l'eau oxygénée.  4, record 19, French, - produit%20chimique%20formant%20un%20peroxyde

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Gestion des produits qui ont tendance à former des peroxydes. Les peroxydes peuvent se développer dans plusieurs produits chimiques. Les éthers et certains alcools en sont des exemples. L'air et la lumière sont les deux premières conditions favorisant la formation des peroxydes. L'éther diisopropylique est un des plus dangereux dans cette catégorie; ainsi il est extrêmement dangereux de déplacer la bouteille lorsqu'il y a présence de cristaux de peroxyde dans le solvant ou autour du bouchon; [...]  5, record 19, French, - produit%20chimique%20formant%20un%20peroxyde

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Inflammable. Peut former des peroxydes explosifs. [...] Conserver le récipient dans un endroit bien ventilé.  6, record 19, French, - produit%20chimique%20formant%20un%20peroxyde

Record number: 19, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Les produits sensibles à la lumière [...] ont tendance à libérer des peroxydes (comburant puissant) au contact de la lumière et de l'air. Par exemple l'éther diéthylique (inflammable) se dégrade en formant des peroxydes (comburant), lesquels peuvent causer une explosion.  3, record 19, French, - produit%20chimique%20formant%20un%20peroxyde

Record 19,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 20,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Methods of measuring evapotranspiration generally are divided into two categories : water budgeting and energy budgeting. The former method relies on accurate accounting of water flow into and out of a control area.... Energy budget methods rely on an accurate accounting of energy to and from the land surface and generally assume one-dimensional energy flow. Because the energy needed to evaporate water is relatively large(about 580 calories per gram), ET, or latent heat, can represent a significant component of the energy budget. Net radiation is the difference between incoming shortwave(solar) radiation and outgoing shortwave and longwave radiation, sensible heat is the energy transported from the land surface by air movement(convection), latent heat is the energy transported away from the surface by evaporating water, and soil/water heat is the heat that goes into changing the temperature of the soil or the water standing on the land surface. Any of these components may reverse in direction-for example, latent heat is added to the surface by condensation(dew formation), and net radiation is directed upward at night.  1, record 20, English, - energy%20budget%20method

Record 20,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 20, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'évapotranspiration instantanée peut être déterminée par la méthode du bilan énergétique, grâce à la mesure directe du rayonnement net, du flux de chaleur du sol, des gradients de température et de tension de vapeur à quelques décimètres au-dessus de la végétation.  3, record 20, French, - m%C3%A9thode%20du%20bilan%20%C3%A9nerg%C3%A9tique

Record 20,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 21,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A method of thermal recovery in which water at the boiling point is injected into a formation to lower the viscosity of the oil and allow it to flow more freely toward producing wells.  2, record 21, English, - hot%20water%20flooding

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Hot water injection may be preferred in shallow reservoirs containing oils in the viscosity range of 100-1000 cp.  1, record 21, English, - hot%20water%20flooding

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 2 CONT

... field tests of hot water flooding have been hampered by viscous fingering and low volumetric sweep efficiency.  1, record 21, English, - hot%20water%20flooding

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Although generally less effective than steam injection because of lower heat, hot waterflooding may be preferable under certain conditions, such as formation sensitivity to fresh water or high pressures.  2, record 21, English, - hot%20water%20flooding

Record 21,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 21, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] que ce soit par injection d'eau chaude ou par celle de vapeur d'eau, la récupération au moment de la percée du front d'eau liquide est toujours meilleure que lors de l'injection d'eau froide.  2, record 21, French, - injection%20d%27eau%20chaude

Record 21,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 22,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Coverage of the web or streaks of the web with glazed, translucent spots. Due to excessive calender roll heat, calender pressure, poor formation or excessive and uneven moisture.  1, record 22, English, - calender%20blackening

Record 22,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 22, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Filet de teinte foncée qui se produit dans le papier, causé par une pression et un séchage inégaux, avant le calandrage.  2, record 22, French, - plombage%20%C3%A0%20la%20calandre

Record 22,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 23,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Instability arising from the interaction between Cumulus convection and a large-scale perturbation whereby the release of latent heat in the Cumulus formation provides energy which enables the larger-scale system to grow.  3, record 23, English, - condition%20instability%20of%20the%20second%20kind

Record 23,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Instabilité entraînée par l'interaction entre la convection cumuliforme et une perturbation à grande échelle, où le dégagement de chaleur latente dans la formation des Cumulus fournit l'énergie permettant au système à grande échelle de se développer.  2, record 23, French, - instabilit%C3%A9%20conditionnelle%20du%20deuxi%C3%A8me%20ordre

Record 23,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 23, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Inestabilidad resultante de la interacción entre la convección cumuliforme y una perturbación en gran escala, en la que el desprendimiento del calor latente de la formación cumuliforme proporciona la energía que permite al sistema desarrollarse en gran escala.  1, record 23, Spanish, - inestabilidad%20condicional%20de%20segundo%20orden

Record 24,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 1 CONT

A common method of completing a well is to set casing through the oil-bearing formation and cement it at that depth.  1, record 24, English, - oil%2Dbearing%20formation

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 2 CONT

A factor that decreases the effectiveness of steam operations in the Lloydminster area is the relative thinness of the sand lenses(10 to 20 feet). Heat losses to the formations above and below the oil-bearing formation are appreciable when the sands are thin.  2, record 24, English, - oil%2Dbearing%20formation

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 3 CONT

If no hydrocarbon-bearing formations are found above the basement, the well is assumed to be dry.  1, record 24, English, - oil%2Dbearing%20formation

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 4 CONT

... oil-bearing formations are less conductive to electricity than water-bearing formations ...  1, record 24, English, - oil%2Dbearing%20formation

Record number: 24, Textual support number: 5 CONT

multiple completion: An arrangement for producing a well in which one wellbore penetrates two or more ... petroleum-bearing formations that lie one over the other.  1, record 24, English, - oil%2Dbearing%20formation

Record 24,  Textual support,  French

Record 24,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 25,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 DEF

the air-fuel ratio supplied to a furnace that provides more air than the optimum ratio.  2, record 25, English, - air%20rich

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The operating principal of the RMB [Rapid Mix Burner] staged firing configuration is to bum as much of the fuel as possible under the high excess air, ultralow NOx conditions. As a result of the fundamental principle mentioned above, this is done by operating the burners air rich(under conditions similar to normal firing, but with higher excess air and with a moderate amount of FGR), where the maximum theoretical NOx, formation is very predictable. Heat is extracted from these air-rich combustion products and cool furnace recirculation products are entrained. The staged fuel is then mixed with the air-rich burner products and combustion is completed. The excess air at the boiler outlet is thus similar to that with normal firing.  3, record 25, English, - air%20rich

Record 25,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 25, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Les brûleurs XNM sont conçus pour fonctionner dans des gammes importantes de rapport air/gaz et notamment en large excès d'air. Leur conception ainsi que leur construction assurent une excellente stabilité de flamme à tous débits et dans une large gamme de rapport air/gaz.  1, record 25, French, - exc%C3%A8s%20d%27air

Record 25,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 26,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The success of fire-retardant paints depends on one of the following :-Ability to produce nonflammable gases such as hydrochloric or hydrobromic acids, carbon dioxide, ammonia, or water vapor-Formation of glasslike melts from silicates, borates, or phosphates by the development of the porous, spongy layer characteristic of intumescent coatings-Absorption or utilization of heat in the process of sublimation to retard heat penetration to the substrate.  3, record 26, English, - fire%2Dretardant%20paint

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Some [fire retardant paints] rely solely upon their incombustible nature while those of the intumescent type swell on heating to form an insulating barrier.  2, record 26, English, - fire%2Dretardant%20paint

Record 26,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Peintures destinées à retarder, voire à supprimer l'inflammation du subjectile et la propagation des flammes.  4, record 26, French, - peinture%20ignifuge

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 OBS

La qualification : «ignifuge» implique simultanément, pour un produit réputé tel, de : présenter une incombustibilité totale et s'opposer ainsi à la propagation des flammes [...]; s'opposer à la transmission du flux calorifique de l'extérieur vers le subjectile [...] au moins un certain temps [...] Les produits réalisant cet ensemble de qualités sont communément désignés «retardant la transmission de la combustion».  2, record 26, French, - peinture%20ignifuge

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Voir la fiche «intumescent paint/peinture intumescente».  3, record 26, French, - peinture%20ignifuge

Record 26,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 26, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La puerta de acceso al local abrirá hacia el exterior del recinto y sus medidas mínimas serán 0,80 m x 2,00 m, Si es de madera, su parte interior se pintará con pintura ignífuga. (Puerta y marco). También se aceptarán otros tipos de protección como revestimiento con plancha metálica protegida contra la oxidación placa de amianto, de fibrocemento, etc.  1, record 26, Spanish, - pintura%20ign%C3%ADfuga

Record 27,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cloud formation makes the convection process visible. An unstable atmospheric column will lead to updrafts. If the air below is moist, the updraft will lead to condensation into droplets. The condensation process accelerates the updraft owing to the release of latent heat. Examples are the various types of cumulus clouds(e. g., cumulus, cumulus congestus, cumulonimbus).  2, record 27, English, - condensation%20process

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 OBS

condensation. Phase transition from gas to liquid, accompanied by release of heat. In meteorology, condensation (the opposite of evaporation) usually refers to the method by which water vapor becomes a liquid.  2, record 27, English, - condensation%20process

Record 27,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 27, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Pour que le nuage se développe encore, les étages moyen et supérieur de la troposphère doivent être instables. La chaleur latente libérée par le processus de condensation va accroître cette instabilité en réchauffant l'air ascendant.  1, record 27, French, - processus%20de%20condensation

Record 27,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 28,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A structure characterized by a geometrical pattern resulting from the formation of a new phase along certain crystallographic planes of the parent solid solution. The orientation of the lattice in the new phase is related crystallographically to the orientation of the lattice in the parent phase. The structure was originally observed in meteorites, but is readily produced in many alloys, such as titanium, by appropriate heat treatment.  2, record 28, English, - Widmanst%C3%A4tten%20structure

Record 28,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 28, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Microstructure aciculaire résultant de la formation d'une nouvelle phase selon certains plans cristallographiques bien définis d'une solution solide mère. Il existe une relation d'orientation entre les réseaux de la phase et de la matrice. Cette microstructure a été initialement observée dans les météorites, mais est obtenue couramment lors de la précipitation dans certains alliages.  1, record 28, French, - structure%20de%20Widmanst%C3%A4tten

Record 28,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 29,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because of [poly(vinyl chloride) ] heat sensitivity, it is not suitable for the "intermittent" extrusion approach, as the rapid parison formation of this approach can add considerable shear heat.  1, record 29, English, - parison%20formation

Record 29,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 29, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Principe [de l'extrusion soufflage] : une machine fabrique un tube chaud appelé paraison. [...] Fabrication de la paraison. Deux solutions sont offertes : -Extrusion de la paraison [...] -Transfert de la paraison [...]  1, record 29, French, - fabrication%20de%20la%20paraison

Record 29,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 30,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 30, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because of [poly(vinyl chloride) ] heat sensitivity, it is not suitable for the "intermittent" extrusion approach, as the rapid parison formation of this approach can add considerable shear heat.  1, record 30, English, - shear%20heat

Record 30,  Textual support,  French

Record 30,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 31,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Because of [poly(vinyl chloride) ] heat sensitivity, it is not suitable for the "intermittent" extrusion approach, as the rapid parison formation of this approach can add considerable shear heat.  1, record 31, English, - heat%20sensitivity

Record 31,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 31, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Thermosensibilité d'un plastique. C'est la variation, assez générale, mais à des degrés divers, de certaines des propriétés mécaniques, électriques ou autres des plastiques, sous l'effet d'une variation de la température.  1, record 31, French, - thermosensibilit%C3%A9

Record 31,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 32,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

In electroplating, heat treatment applied to a work piece to achieve alloying or inter-metallic compound formation between two or more coatings.  1, record 32, English, - diffusion%20treatment

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Thermal aftertreatments frequently applied to work pieces with metallic coatings, involving diffusion into or out of the coating or the basis metal (such as removal of hydrogen etc.), are not normally designated, in surface treatment terminology, diffusion processes.  1, record 32, English, - diffusion%20treatment

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Term and definition standardized by ISO.  2, record 32, English, - diffusion%20treatment

Record 32,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 DEF

En électrodéposition, traitement thermique appliqué à une pièce pour obtenir la formation d'un alliage ou d'un composé intermétallique entre revêtement et métal de base ou entre deux ou plusieurs couches de revêtement.  1, record 32, French, - traitement%20de%20diffusion

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Les traitements thermiques complémentaires, fréquemment appliqués à des pièces revêtues, et qui entraînent une diffusion à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur du revêtement ou du métal de base (tels que l'élimination de l'hydrogène, etc.) ne sont pas normalement appelés «traitements de diffusion» dans la terminologie des traitements de surface.  1, record 32, French, - traitement%20de%20diffusion

Record number: 32, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Terme et définition normalisés par l'ISO.  2, record 32, French, - traitement%20de%20diffusion

Record 32,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 33,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The spatial displacement of a centre of low pressure caused by the local redistribution of mass in the atmosphere. The trajectory of the centre is often altered by heating or cooling of the air column. This can result from thermal fluxes at the surface or latent heat transformations associated with cloud formation and precipitation. These processes change the temperature distribution in the air column, resulting in density changes which modify the surface pressures.  1, record 33, English, - cyclone%20movement

Record 33,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Déplacement spatial d'un centre de basse pression causé par la redistribution locale de la masse de l'atmosphère. La trajectoire du centre est souvent modifiée par le réchauffement ou le refroidissement de la colonne d'air, dû aux flux thermiques de surface ou aux transformations de la chaleur latente associées à la formation de nuages et de précipitation. Ces processus affectent la distribution de température de la colonne d'air et de ce fait modifient les pressions de surface.  1, record 33, French, - mouvement%20d%27un%20cyclone

Record 33,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 33, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Desplazamiento espacial de un centro de baja presión causado por la redistribución local de la masa en la atmósfera. La trayectoria del centro está a menudo modificada por el calentamiento o el enfriamiento de la columna de aire debidos a los flujos térmicos de superficie o a las transformaciones del calor latente asociadas a la formación de nubes y de precipitación. Esos procesos cambian la distribución de la temperatura en la columna de aire y por ello modifican las presiones superficiales.  1, record 33, Spanish, - movimiento%20de%20un%20cicl%C3%B3n

Record 34,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Amount of heat liberated by the formation of a polymer.  1, record 34, English, - heat%20of%20polymerization

Record 34,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Quantité de chaleur dégagée durant la formation d'un polymère.  1, record 34, French, - chaleur%20de%20polym%C3%A9risation

Record 34,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 34, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Cantidad de calor liberado durante la formación de un polímero.  1, record 34, Spanish, - calor%20de%20polimerizaci%C3%B3n

Record 35,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The most common types of polymers presently used as base products in the manufacture of geomembranes can be classified as follows ...: 1- Thermoplastics ...; 2- Crystalline Thermoplastics ...; 3- Thermoplastic Elastomers ...; 4- Elastomers ... .  1, record 35, English, - crystalline%20thermoplastic

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Crystallinity : A state of molecular structure referring to uniformity and compactness of the molecular chains forming the polymer and resulting from the formation of solid crystals with a definite geometric pattern. In some resins, such as polyethylene, the degree of crystallinity indicates the degree of stiffness, hardness, environmental stress-check resistance, and heat resistance.  2, record 35, English, - crystalline%20thermoplastic

Record 35,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Cristallin : Qualifie un solide présentant une certaine cristallinité.  2, record 35, French, - thermoplastique%20cristallin

Record number: 35, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Cristallinité : On parle de cristallinité pour qualifier le caractère ordonné à longue distance de molécules ou d'atomes. Celle-ci influence notablement sur les propriétés mécaniques de la matière. Les polymères thermoplastiques sont généralement amorphes mais peuvent posséder une certaine cristallinité dans des zones localisées.  2, record 35, French, - thermoplastique%20cristallin

Record 35,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 36,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 36, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The lifecycle of a convective circulation begins with the formation of thermals... Upon reaching the condensation level their internal circulation and buoyancy are reinforced by the release of latent heat of condensation.  1, record 36, English, - internal%20circulation

Record 36,  Textual support,  French

Record 36,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 37,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 37, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The presence of a hyper-thermal field is usually, but not always, accompanied by surface manifestations of thermal activity, such as geysers and fumaroles; but the converse is not necessarily true. Surface manifestations may simply be heat leakages through occasional cracks in a generally impervious formation.  1, record 37, English, - surface%20manifestations

Record 37,  Textual support,  French

Record 37,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 38,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Steam economics are also assisted by shallower formation depths which reduce the heat loss around the wellbore during injection.  1, record 38, English, - formation%20depth

Record 38,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 CONT

[...] combustion in situ [...] Les limitations techniques à l'application de cette méthode sont essentiellement : - Profondeur de couche : on ne peut guère avoir recours à cette technique au-delà de 1 500-1 800 m à cause de la pression élevée [...] nécessaire [...] pour injecter de l'air dans une formation plus profonde. [Elle] ne sera pas non plus utilisée si la profondeur de couche est inférieure à 50 m (problème de tenue de la couverture à la pression d'injection).  1, record 38, French, - profondeur%20de%20couche

Record number: 38, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Le volume 6 de la série IFP-14 est paru en 1975.  2, record 38, French, - profondeur%20de%20couche

Record 38,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 39,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

the heat distortion during bond formation is small for soldering, large for brazing, and very large for structural welding.  1, record 39, English, - structural%20welding

Record 39,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 39, Textual support number: 1 CONT

réglementation de la construction par soudage. L'emploi du soudage en construction a fait l'objet, en France : 1. de prescriptions générales [...] 2. d'une réglementation  1, record 39, French, - construction%20par%20soudage

Record 39,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 40,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

this energy, which is called the--of the nucleus, is quite analogous to the heat of formation of a chemical compound from its elements.  1, record 40, English, - total%20binding%20energy

Record 40,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 40, Textual support number: 1 OBS

(...) donne une courbe des énergies de liaison par particule nucléaire de chacun des éléments, c'est-à-dire l'-- d'un noyau.  1, record 40, French, - %C3%A9nergie%20de%20liaison%20totale

Record 40,  Textual support,  Spanish