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HEAT GRADIENT [16 records]
Record 1 - internal organization data 2024-08-28
Record 1, English
Record 1, Subject field(s)
- Renewable Energy
- Heat (Physics)
Record 1, Main entry term, English
- thermo-osmotic energy conversion
1, record 1, English, thermo%2Dosmotic%20energy%20conversion
correct
Record 1, Abbreviations, English
- TOEC 1, record 1, English, TOEC
correct
Record 1, Synonyms, English
Record 1, Textual support, English
Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Thermo-osmotic energy conversion(TOEC) is an emerging process that efficiently extracts energy from low-grade heat sources. By utilizing a temperature gradient, TOEC induces a partial vapor pressure difference across a hydrophobic membrane. This pressure gradient drives the vapor from the hot feed side through the membrane's pores to the cold permeate side. The movement of water from the hot feed side to the permeate side of the membrane results in excess fluid in the cold reservoir, generating a pressurized flow that can be harnessed to drive a turbine and generate electricity. 1, record 1, English, - thermo%2Dosmotic%20energy%20conversion
Record 1, French
Record 1, Domaine(s)
- Énergies renouvelables
- Chaleur (Physique)
Record 1, Main entry term, French
- conversion de l'énergie obtenue par thermo-osmose
1, record 1, French, conversion%20de%20l%27%C3%A9nergie%20obtenue%20par%20thermo%2Dosmose
proposal, feminine noun
Record 1, Abbreviations, French
Record 1, Synonyms, French
Record 1, Textual support, French
Record 1, Spanish
Record 1, Textual support, Spanish
Record 2 - internal organization data 2022-06-20
Record 2, English
Record 2, Subject field(s)
- Hydrology and Hydrography
- Ecosystems
Record 2, Main entry term, English
- tidal mixing zone
1, record 2, English, tidal%20mixing%20zone
correct
Record 2, Abbreviations, English
Record 2, Synonyms, English
- zone of tidal mixing 1, record 2, English, zone%20of%20tidal%20mixing
correct
- tidal mixing area 2, record 2, English, tidal%20mixing%20area
correct
- area of tidal mixing 3, record 2, English, area%20of%20tidal%20mixing
correct
Record 2, Textual support, English
Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Seasonal variations of the heat flow through the surface lead to a change in the sign of the temperature gradient at the boundaries of the tidal mixing zone; i. e., the "cold" zone of tidal mixing becomes "warm" in the period of autumn cooling. 1, record 2, English, - tidal%20mixing%20zone
Record 2, French
Record 2, Domaine(s)
- Hydrologie et hydrographie
- Écosystèmes
Record 2, Main entry term, French
- zone de brassage maréal
1, record 2, French, zone%20de%20brassage%20mar%C3%A9al
correct, feminine noun
Record 2, Abbreviations, French
Record 2, Synonyms, French
- zone de mélange maréal 2, record 2, French, zone%20de%20m%C3%A9lange%20mar%C3%A9al
correct, feminine noun
Record 2, Textual support, French
Record 2, Spanish
Record 2, Textual support, Spanish
Record 3 - internal organization data 2020-05-01
Record 3, English
Record 3, Subject field(s)
- Hydrology and Hydrography
- Oceanography
Record 3, Main entry term, English
- permanent pycnocline
1, record 3, English, permanent%20pycnocline
correct
Record 3, Abbreviations, English
Record 3, Synonyms, English
- main pycnocline 2, record 3, English, main%20pycnocline
correct
Record 3, Textual support, English
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Whereas the seasonal pycnocline disappears every winter, the permanent pycnocline is always present in [the subpolar regions]. The vertical density gradient in the main pycnocline is very strong, and the turbulence within the upper mixed layer induced by the air-sea exchanges of wind and heat cannot overcome the great stability of the main pycnocline to penetrate into the deeper ocean. The stability of the main pycnocline acts as a barrier against turbulent mixing processes, and beneath this depth the water has not had contact with the surface for a very long time. 2, record 3, English, - permanent%20pycnocline
Record 3, French
Record 3, Domaine(s)
- Hydrologie et hydrographie
- Océanographie
Record 3, Main entry term, French
- pycnocline permanente
1, record 3, French, pycnocline%20permanente
correct, feminine noun
Record 3, Abbreviations, French
Record 3, Synonyms, French
- pycnocline principale 2, record 3, French, pycnocline%20principale
correct, feminine noun
Record 3, Textual support, French
Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La pycnocline permanente délimite un important réservoir de chaleur et joue un rôle majeur en empêchant la chaleur accumulée en surface d'atteindre les profondeurs de l'océan. 3, record 3, French, - pycnocline%20permanente
Record 3, Spanish
Record 3, Textual support, Spanish
Record 4 - internal organization data 2016-11-29
Record 4, English
Record 4, Subject field(s)
- Energy Transformation
- Energy (Physics)
- Thermoelectricity and Thermoelectronics
Record 4, Main entry term, English
- thermoelectric energy harvester
1, record 4, English, thermoelectric%20energy%20harvester
correct
Record 4, Abbreviations, English
Record 4, Synonyms, English
Record 4, Textual support, English
Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT
A thermoelectric energy harvester is a device that converts a heat gradient into electricity. 2, record 4, English, - thermoelectric%20energy%20harvester
Record 4, French
Record 4, Domaine(s)
- Transformation de l'énergie
- Énergie (Physique)
- Thermoélectrique et thermoélectronique
Record 4, Main entry term, French
- récupérateur d'énergie à effet thermoélectrique
1, record 4, French, r%C3%A9cup%C3%A9rateur%20d%27%C3%A9nergie%20%C3%A0%20effet%20thermo%C3%A9lectrique
proposal, masculine noun
Record 4, Abbreviations, French
Record 4, Synonyms, French
Record 4, Textual support, French
Record 4, Spanish
Record 4, Textual support, Spanish
Record 5 - internal organization data 2014-11-24
Record 5, English
Record 5, Subject field(s)
- Physics
- Optics
Record 5, Main entry term, English
- flame-hydrolysis method
1, record 5, English, flame%2Dhydrolysis%20method
correct
Record 5, Abbreviations, English
Record 5, Synonyms, English
Record 5, Textual support, English
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The first really major breakthrough from an optical-communications viewpoint was made by scientists at Corning Glass Works when they developed fibers based on high silicas.... They achieved these low-loss fibers by a flame-hydrolysis method in which silicon tetrachloride with, if desired, a suitable dopant halide, would react with oxygen to form a white silica soot deposited on a silica mandrel. Rotating the mandrel and translating the flame back and forth causes a buildup of the white soot deposit. By varying the dopant concentration during this buildup, the Corning scientists were also able to achieve a gradient in the composition. Subsequently, the soot is consolidated into a clear glass by an appropriate heat treatment, after which the mandrel is removed. From this "preform", as it is called, a fiber can be drawn, those layers deposited first becoming the core and the later layers the cladding. 1, record 5, English, - flame%2Dhydrolysis%20method
Record 5, French
Record 5, Domaine(s)
- Physique
- Optique
Record 5, Main entry term, French
- hydrolyse à la flamme
1, record 5, French, hydrolyse%20%C3%A0%20la%20flamme
correct, feminine noun
Record 5, Abbreviations, French
Record 5, Synonyms, French
Record 5, Textual support, French
Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Deux grands types de solutions ont été étudiés pour l'élaboration des fibres [optiques]. [...] on peut réaliser une ébauche autour d'un mandrin sur lequel sont déposés silice et dopants successivement en couches minces. Le mandrin, tournant devant une flamme, se déplace parallèlement à l'axe. On injecte dans la flamme les composés gazeux de silicium, de germanium, qui s'y trouvent oxydés. On obtient la loi d'indice voulue en faisant varier convenablement la proportion des dopants. Puis, quand les couches sont déposées et vitrifiées, on retire le mandrin; le cylindre obtenu est restreint pour supprimer le trou central et fournir l'ébauche à l'étirage. [...] À côté de cette dernière technique, brillamment mise en œuvre chez Corning et plus tard dans d'autres laboratoires, -- où on la baptise «l'hydrolyse à la flamme», -- on pratique aussi celle du «dépôt en phase vapeur» [...] 2, record 5, French, - hydrolyse%20%C3%A0%20la%20flamme
Record 5, Spanish
Record 5, Textual support, Spanish
Record 6 - internal organization data 2010-03-08
Record 6, English
Record 6, Subject field(s)
- Statistics
- Thermodynamics
Record 6, Main entry term, English
- average geothermal gradient
1, record 6, English, average%20geothermal%20gradient
correct
Record 6, Abbreviations, English
Record 6, Synonyms, English
Record 6, Textual support, English
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Temperatures generally increase with increasing depth in the earth as heat from deep inside the earth escapes. The geothermal gradient is a measure of how rapidly the temperature increases as a function of depth. Because the Denver Basin area is currently relatively quiet in terms of volcanic and earthquake activity, one might expect the average geothermal gradient to be about 30 degrees C/km. This means that, on average the temperature increases 30 degrees C for every kilometer drilled into the Denver Basin. 1, record 6, English, - average%20geothermal%20gradient
Record 6, French
Record 6, Domaine(s)
- Statistique
- Thermodynamique
Record 6, Main entry term, French
- gradient géothermique moyen
1, record 6, French, gradient%20g%C3%A9othermique%20moyen
correct, masculine noun
Record 6, Abbreviations, French
Record 6, Synonyms, French
Record 6, Textual support, French
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Le gradient vertical moyen de température dans l'air est de l'ordre de - 0,65 °C pour 100 mètres. Dans le sol, le gradient géothermique moyen est de + 3 °C pour 100 mètres. 1, record 6, French, - gradient%20g%C3%A9othermique%20moyen
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS
gradient : Taux de variation d'une grandeur physique ou d'une fonction dans une direction donnée. 1, record 6, French, - gradient%20g%C3%A9othermique%20moyen
Record number: 6, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Température. À un peu plus de 1 m de la surface, les variations de température journalières ne se font plus sentir et, vers 20 ou 30 m, suivant les sols, les variations annuelles ne jouent plus. Au fur et à mesure que l'on s'enfonce, la température s'élève généralement d'environ 3 °C par 100 m : c'est le gradient géothermique moyen (1 à 10 °C par 100 m). Le degré géothermique indique la profondeur à laquelle il faut descendre pour que la température s'élève de 1 °C (en moyenne 33 m). Le sol peut être gelé sur 300 m (par exemple au Spitzberg, et en Sibérie). 2, record 6, French, - gradient%20g%C3%A9othermique%20moyen
Record 6, Spanish
Record 6, Textual support, Spanish
Record 7 - internal organization data 2009-10-26
Record 7, English
Record 7, Subject field(s)
- Nuclear Physics
- Nuclear Fission Reactors
Record 7, Main entry term, English
- Boltzmann equation
1, record 7, English, Boltzmann%20equation
correct
Record 7, Abbreviations, English
Record 7, Synonyms, English
- Boltzmann transport equation 1, record 7, English, Boltzmann%20transport%20equation
correct
Record 7, Textual support, English
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The Boltzmann equation, also often known as the Boltzmann transport equation, devised by Ludwig Boltzmann, describes the statistical distribution of one particle in a fluid. It is one of the most important equations of non-equilibrium statistical mechanics, the area of statistical mechanics that deals with systems far from thermodynamic equilibrium; for instance, when there is an applied temperature gradient or electric field. The Boltzmann equation is used to study how a fluid transports physical quantities such as heat and charge, and thus to derive transport properties such as electrical conductivity, Hall conductivity, viscosity, and thermal conductivity. 1, record 7, English, - Boltzmann%20equation
Record 7, French
Record 7, Domaine(s)
- Physique nucléaire
- Réacteurs nucléaires de fission
Record 7, Main entry term, French
- équation de Boltzmann
1, record 7, French, %C3%A9quation%20de%20Boltzmann
correct, feminine noun
Record 7, Abbreviations, French
Record 7, Synonyms, French
Record 7, Textual support, French
Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La population des neutrons dans un réacteur nucléaire peut être, à la fois, qualifiée de nombreuse et de diluée. Par exemple, dans un réacteur à eau sous pression fonctionnant dans les conditions nominales, il y a, en permanence, de l'ordre de cent millions de neutrons par centimètre cube : cela est largement suffisant pour qu'une description statistique et non individuelle des particules soit faite; cependant, ces neutrons sont approximativement 1014 fois moins nombreux que les noyaux (on en compte de l'ordre de 1022 par cm³ dans la matière usuelle), ce qui fait que les interactions neutrons sont totalement négligeables devant les interactions neutrons- matière; en conséquence, l'équation décrivant la densité de la population des neutrons sera linéaire. Cette équation est l'équation écrite par Boltzmann en 1879 dans le cadre de la théorie statistique des gaz et qui a pu être reprise pratiquement dans les mêmes termes pour décrire le «gaz» neutronique. 1, record 7, French, - %C3%A9quation%20de%20Boltzmann
Record 7, Spanish
Record 7, Textual support, Spanish
Record 8 - internal organization data 2009-02-17
Record 8, English
Record 8, Subject field(s)
- Geophysics
- Geothermal Energy
- Thermal Springs - Uses
Record 8, Main entry term, English
- geothermal gradient
1, record 8, English, geothermal%20gradient
correct, see observation
Record 8, Abbreviations, English
Record 8, Synonyms, English
- thermal gradient 2, record 8, English, thermal%20gradient
correct, see observation
- temperature gradient 3, record 8, English, temperature%20gradient
correct, see observation
- heat flow value 4, record 8, English, heat%20flow%20value
- heat gradient 5, record 8, English, heat%20gradient
Record 8, Textual support, English
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF
The increase in the temperature of the earth with the increasing depth from the surface ... 6, record 8, English, - geothermal%20gradient
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
As the depth of a well increases, so does the temperature; this phenomenon is known as the temperature gradient. 6, record 8, English, - geothermal%20gradient
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS
... expressed either in degrees per unit depth or in units of depth per degree. 7, record 8, English, - geothermal%20gradient
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 OBS
... averages about 1°F per 60 ft, but may be considerably greater. 6, record 8, English, - geothermal%20gradient
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 OBS
When applied to the Earth, the term "geothermal gradient" may be used [as a synonym for "thermal gradient"]. 8, record 8, English, - geothermal%20gradient
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 4 OBS
Not to be confused with "geothermal degree." 9, record 8, English, - geothermal%20gradient
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 5 OBS
thermal gradient; geothermal gradient; temperature gradient: terms used at Natural Resources Canada - Earth Sciences Sector. 9, record 8, English, - geothermal%20gradient
Record 8, Key term(s)
- geothermic gradient
Record 8, French
Record 8, Domaine(s)
- Géophysique
- Énergie géothermique
- Thermalisme
Record 8, Main entry term, French
- gradient géothermique
1, record 8, French, gradient%20g%C3%A9othermique
correct, see observation, masculine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, French
Record 8, Synonyms, French
- gradient géothermal 2, record 8, French, gradient%20g%C3%A9othermal
correct, masculine noun
- gradient thermique 3, record 8, French, gradient%20thermique
correct, see observation, masculine noun
- gradient de température 4, record 8, French, gradient%20de%20temp%C3%A9rature
see observation, masculine noun
- taux de variation de la température 5, record 8, French, taux%20de%20variation%20de%20la%20temp%C3%A9rature
see observation, masculine noun
Record 8, Textual support, French
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Augmentation de la température en fonction de la profondeur en dessous de la surface. 6, record 8, French, - gradient%20g%C3%A9othermique
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[Le gradient géothermique] varie d'après l'histoire géologique, la radioactivité des roches et leur conductivité. En moyenne, il est de 35 °C par kilomètre. 7, record 8, French, - gradient%20g%C3%A9othermique
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 2 CONT
L'accroissement [de température] est en général de 1° pour un enfoncement de 30 à 35 m et on exprime ce résultat en disant que le degré ou gradient géothermique est de 33 m. [...] le degré géothermique signifie qu'il existe une source de chaleur profonde et permanente sous l'écorce terrestre [...] 8, record 8, French, - gradient%20g%C3%A9othermique
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 3 CONT
Le milieu tectonique le plus favorable à la présence de cheminées kimberlitiques est un craton ancien et épais, à faible gradient géothermique. 9, record 8, French, - gradient%20g%C3%A9othermique
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 OBS
gradient géothermique; gradient thermique; gradient de température; taux de variation de la température : termes en usage à Ressources naturelles Canada - Secteur des sciences de la Terre. 10, record 8, French, - gradient%20g%C3%A9othermique
Record 8, Spanish
Record 8, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Geofísica
- Energía geotérmica
- Fuentes termales - usos
Record 8, Main entry term, Spanish
- gradiente geotérmico
1, record 8, Spanish, gradiente%20geot%C3%A9rmico
correct, masculine noun
Record 8, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 8, Synonyms, Spanish
- gradiente térmico 2, record 8, Spanish, gradiente%20t%C3%A9rmico
correct, masculine noun
Record 8, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Aumento de la temperatura de la tierra por unidad de profundidad (aproximadamente 3,3 °C por 100 m). 3, record 8, Spanish, - gradiente%20geot%C3%A9rmico
Record 9 - internal organization data 2008-02-19
Record 9, English
Record 9, Subject field(s)
- Heating
- Energy Transformation
- Solar Energy
Record 9, Main entry term, English
- salt gradient solar pond
1, record 9, English, salt%20gradient%20solar%20pond
correct
Record 9, Abbreviations, English
Record 9, Synonyms, English
Record 9, Textual support, English
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A solar pond that consists of three main layers. 1, record 9, English, - salt%20gradient%20solar%20pond
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS
The top layer is near ambient temperature and has a low salt content. The bottom layer is hot-typically 160-212°F(71-100°C)-and is very salty. The important gradient zone separates these zones. The gradient zone acts as a transparent insulator, permitting sunlight to be trapped in the hot bottom layer(from which useful heat is withdrawn). 1, record 9, English, - salt%20gradient%20solar%20pond
Record 9, French
Record 9, Domaine(s)
- Chauffage
- Transformation de l'énergie
- Énergie solaire
Record 9, Main entry term, French
- bassin solaire à gradient de salinité
1, record 9, French, bassin%20solaire%20%C3%A0%20gradient%20de%20salinit%C3%A9
correct, masculine noun
Record 9, Abbreviations, French
Record 9, Synonyms, French
Record 9, Textual support, French
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Bassin solaire composé de trois couches principales. 2, record 9, French, - bassin%20solaire%20%C3%A0%20gradient%20de%20salinit%C3%A9
Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 OBS
La couche supérieure est à température quasi ambiante et possède une faible teneur en sel. La couche inférieure est très chaude, généralement entre 160-212 °F (71-100 °C) et très salée. Enfin, la zone de gradient, d'une importance capitale, sépare ces couches. Elle joue un rôle de matériau isolant transparent qui capte le soleil dans la couche chaude inférieure de laquelle on extrait la chaleur utile. 2, record 9, French, - bassin%20solaire%20%C3%A0%20gradient%20de%20salinit%C3%A9
Record 9, Spanish
Record 9, Textual support, Spanish
Record 10 - internal organization data 2007-08-07
Record 10, English
Record 10, Subject field(s)
- Geophysics
Record 10, Main entry term, English
- geothermal anomaly
1, record 10, English, geothermal%20anomaly
correct
Record 10, Abbreviations, English
Record 10, Synonyms, English
Record 10, Textual support, English
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Conspicuous deviation of geothermal temperature gradient or heat flow from average values. 2, record 10, English, - geothermal%20anomaly
Record 10, French
Record 10, Domaine(s)
- Géophysique
Record 10, Main entry term, French
- anomalie géothermique
1, record 10, French, anomalie%20g%C3%A9othermique
correct, feminine noun
Record 10, Abbreviations, French
Record 10, Synonyms, French
Record 10, Textual support, French
Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Écart caractéristique du gradient de température (de la profondeur géothermique ou du flux géothermique) par rapport aux valeurs moyennes. 2, record 10, French, - anomalie%20g%C3%A9othermique
Record 10, Spanish
Record 10, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Geofísica
Record 10, Main entry term, Spanish
- anomalía geotérmica
1, record 10, Spanish, anomal%C3%ADa%20geot%C3%A9rmica
correct, feminine noun
Record 10, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 10, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 10, Textual support, Spanish
Record 11 - internal organization data 2003-10-21
Record 11, English
Record 11, Subject field(s)
- Meteorology
- Thermodynamics
- Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics (Physics)
Record 11, Main entry term, English
- forced convection
1, record 11, English, forced%20convection
correct
Record 11, Abbreviations, English
Record 11, Synonyms, English
Record 11, Textual support, English
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Convection caused by mechanical forces, such as those arising from air motion over a rough or sloping surface. 2, record 11, English, - forced%20convection
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Convection... is a principal means of energy transfer. Distinction is made between free convection(gravitational or buoyant convection), motion caused only by density differences within the fluid; and forced convection, motion induced by mechanical forces such as deflection by a large-scale surface irregularity, turbulent flow caused by friction at the boundary of a fluid, or motion caused by any applied pressure gradient. Free and forced convection are not necessarily exclusive processes. On a windy day with overcast sky, the heat exchange between ground and air is an example of forced convection. On a sunny day with a little wind where the ground temperature rises, both kinds of convection take place. 3, record 11, English, - forced%20convection
Record 11, French
Record 11, Domaine(s)
- Météorologie
- Thermodynamique
- Mécanique des fluides et hydraulique (Physique)
Record 11, Main entry term, French
- convection forcée
1, record 11, French, convection%20forc%C3%A9e
correct, feminine noun
Record 11, Abbreviations, French
Record 11, Synonyms, French
Record 11, Textual support, French
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Convection d'une masse d'air causée par des forces mécaniques extérieures au système considéré. 2, record 11, French, - convection%20forc%C3%A9e
Record 11, Spanish
Record 11, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Meteorología
- Termodinámica
- Mecánica de fluidos e hidráulica (Física)
Record 11, Main entry term, Spanish
- convección forzada
1, record 11, Spanish, convecci%C3%B3n%20forzada
feminine noun
Record 11, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 11, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 11, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 11, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Convección producida por fuerzas mecánicas tales como las debidas al movimiento del aire sobre una superficie rugosa o una pendiente. 1, record 11, Spanish, - convecci%C3%B3n%20forzada
Record 12 - internal organization data 2003-10-09
Record 12, English
Record 12, Subject field(s)
- Meteorology
- Thermodynamics
- Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics (Physics)
Record 12, Main entry term, English
- free convection
1, record 12, English, free%20convection
correct
Record 12, Abbreviations, English
Record 12, Synonyms, English
- natural convection 2, record 12, English, natural%20convection
Record 12, Textual support, English
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Convection caused by density differences within the air. 3, record 12, English, - free%20convection
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Free convection is the rising of heated air and the sinking of cooler air without the need of external forces. 4, record 12, English, - free%20convection
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Convection... is a principal means of energy transfer. Distinction is made between free convection(gravitational or buoyant convection), motion caused only by density differences within the fluid; and forced convection, motion induced by mechanical forces such as deflection by a large-scale surface irregularity, turbulent flow caused by friction at the boundary of a fluid, or motion caused by any applied pressure gradient. Free and forced convection are not necessarily exclusive processes. On a windy day with overcast sky, the heat exchange between ground and air is an example of forced convection. On a sunny day with a little wind where the ground temperature rises, both kinds of convection take place. 5, record 12, English, - free%20convection
Record 12, French
Record 12, Domaine(s)
- Météorologie
- Thermodynamique
- Mécanique des fluides et hydraulique (Physique)
Record 12, Main entry term, French
- convection libre
1, record 12, French, convection%20libre
correct, feminine noun
Record 12, Abbreviations, French
Record 12, Synonyms, French
- convection naturelle 2, record 12, French, convection%20naturelle
feminine noun
Record 12, Textual support, French
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Convection provoquée par des différences de densité de l'air. 1, record 12, French, - convection%20libre
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 CONT
[La] convection naturelle [...] est causée par le réchauffement diurne de la surface terrestre, résultant souvent en la formation de nuages Cumulus. 2, record 12, French, - convection%20libre
Record 12, Spanish
Record 12, Campo(s) temático(s)
- Meteorología
- Termodinámica
- Mecánica de fluidos e hidráulica (Física)
Record 12, Main entry term, Spanish
- convección libre
1, record 12, Spanish, convecci%C3%B3n%20libre
correct, feminine noun
Record 12, Abbreviations, Spanish
Record 12, Synonyms, Spanish
Record 12, Textual support, Spanish
Record number: 12, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Convección producida por diferencias de densidad dentro del aire. 1, record 12, Spanish, - convecci%C3%B3n%20libre
Record 13 - internal organization data 2003-07-04
Record 13, English
Record 13, Subject field(s)
- Atmospheric Physics
Record 13, Main entry term, English
- methane degassing
1, record 13, English, methane%20degassing
correct
Record 13, Abbreviations, English
Record 13, Synonyms, English
Record 13, Textual support, English
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT
The sun is in a hot cycle or trend at present so it appears to be having an impact on warming. Volcanic dust and gases have been postulated to cool equatorial waters in the past reducing the north-south sea temperature gradient thereby stopping ocean transport of heat and oxygen leading to a sinking of warm water and a disasterous methane degassing. 1, record 13, English, - methane%20degassing
Record 13, French
Record 13, Domaine(s)
- Physique de l'atmosphère
Record 13, Main entry term, French
- dégazage du méthane
1, record 13, French, d%C3%A9gazage%20du%20m%C3%A9thane
correct, masculine noun
Record 13, Abbreviations, French
Record 13, Synonyms, French
Record 13, Textual support, French
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Les sources naturelles de méthane sont les animaux (termites) mais il provient surtout des fermentations des sols inondés (tourbières). Les variations de CH4 indiquent donc l'étendue des marais au cours du dernier cycle climatique. Par exemple, on sait qu'il pleuvait moins en Asie (la pluie est fonction des températures) durant le dernier maxima glaciaire, le dégazage du méthane était donc stoppé au cours de cette période. De même, le sol gelé de l'Arctique (qui contient du CH4) permet le dégazage seulement durant les périodes de réchauffement (interglaciaire). Il semble donc que les variations de la teneur en méthane soient la conséquence des changements climatiques. De plus, ce gaz a tendance à faire monter les températures car il contribue à l'effet de serre. 2, record 13, French, - d%C3%A9gazage%20du%20m%C3%A9thane
Record number: 13, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Quatre chercheurs ont étudié deux carottages, l'un provenant de l'Antarctique et l'autre du Nord-Ouest de l'Atlantique, ils étaient à la recherche de baryte. Ce minerai, composé de sulfate de baryum, a la particularité d'être corrélé aux flux de carbone dans les eaux de surface. L'analyse montre clairement qu'un regain de productivité biologique dans les océans a accompagné le dégazage du méthane et l'augmentation des températures. 3, record 13, French, - d%C3%A9gazage%20du%20m%C3%A9thane
Record 13, Spanish
Record 13, Textual support, Spanish
Record 14 - internal organization data 2001-05-04
Record 14, English
Record 14, Subject field(s)
- Energy Transformation
- Thermonuclear fusion
- Atomic Physics
Record 14, Main entry term, English
- finite heat conductivity instability
1, record 14, English, finite%20heat%20conductivity%20instability
correct, standardized
Record 14, Abbreviations, English
Record 14, Synonyms, English
Record 14, Textual support, English
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Electrostatic instability due to plasma finite heat conductivity along the magnetic field driven by a transverse pressure gradient. [Definition standardized by ISO. ] 2, record 14, English, - finite%20heat%20conductivity%20instability
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS
It can appear in a uniform magnetic field in the absence of a transverse gravitational field and a longitudinal electric field. 2, record 14, English, - finite%20heat%20conductivity%20instability
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS
finite heat conductivity instability: term standardized by ISO. 3, record 14, English, - finite%20heat%20conductivity%20instability
Record 14, French
Record 14, Domaine(s)
- Transformation de l'énergie
- Fusion thermonucléaire
- Physique atomique
Record 14, Main entry term, French
- instabilité de conductivité thermique finie
1, record 14, French, instabilit%C3%A9%20de%20conductivit%C3%A9%20thermique%20finie
correct, feminine noun, standardized
Record 14, Abbreviations, French
Record 14, Synonyms, French
Record 14, Textual support, French
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Instabilité électrostatique due à la conductivité thermique finie du plasma le long du champ magnétique et engendrée par un gradient de pression transversal. [Définition normalisée par l'ISO.] 2, record 14, French, - instabilit%C3%A9%20de%20conductivit%C3%A9%20thermique%20finie
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS
Elle peut apparaître dans un champ magnétique uniforme en l'absence de champ de gravitation transversal et de champ électrique longitudinal. 2, record 14, French, - instabilit%C3%A9%20de%20conductivit%C3%A9%20thermique%20finie
Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS
instabilité de conductivité thermique finie : terme normalisé par l'ISO. 3, record 14, French, - instabilit%C3%A9%20de%20conductivit%C3%A9%20thermique%20finie
Record 14, Spanish
Record 14, Textual support, Spanish
Record 15 - internal organization data 1995-06-30
Record 15, English
Record 15, Subject field(s)
- Solar Energy
Record 15, Main entry term, English
- salt-gradient solar pond 1, record 15, English, salt%2Dgradient%20solar%20pond
Record 15, Abbreviations, English
Record 15, Synonyms, English
- non-convecting solar pond 2, record 15, English, non%2Dconvecting%20solar%20pond
- salt pond 3, record 15, English, salt%20pond
Record 15, Textual support, English
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT
Solar salt pond generating project. A body of water that collects solar energy and stores it as thermal energy. The introduction of salt into a pond allows the density of the pond water to be controlled. A salinity gradient within the pond allows thermal storage in the dense high-salinity water near the pond bottom. The stored thermal energy is used to drive a Rankine-cycle heat engine. 4, record 15, English, - salt%2Dgradient%20solar%20pond
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 2 CONT
Salt-gradient solar ponds operate with three distinct zones of increasing salinity from the surface to the bottom. The bottom, or storage zone, is a convective layer of near-saturated brine. The intermediate or gradient zone is a non-convective insulating layer of decreasing salinity towards the surface zone. The surface zone is a thin convective layer of fresh or slightly saline water. 1, record 15, English, - salt%2Dgradient%20solar%20pond
Record 15, French
Record 15, Domaine(s)
- Énergie solaire
Record 15, Main entry term, French
- bassin solaire à gradients thermiques inversés
1, record 15, French, bassin%20solaire%20%C3%A0%20gradients%20thermiques%20invers%C3%A9s
masculine noun
Record 15, Abbreviations, French
Record 15, Synonyms, French
- étang solaire à gradient de salinité 2, record 15, French, %C3%A9tang%20solaire%20%C3%A0%20gradient%20de%20salinit%C3%A9
masculine noun
Record 15, Textual support, French
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Type de capteur solaire formé d'un bassin rempli de trois couches d'eau inégalement salées, les couches les plus salées étant au fond et l'eau douce en surface. La différence de densité entre les couches les empêchent de se mélanger; les pertes de chaleur s'en trouvent réduites car les couches supérieures ne sont pas convectrices. 3, record 15, French, - bassin%20solaire%20%C3%A0%20gradients%20thermiques%20invers%C3%A9s
Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 CONT
La technologie utilisée par la turbine du type cycle de Rankine se rapproche de celle utilisée par la société Sofretes, et les sources chaudes et froides proviennent des bassins solaires à gradients thermiques inversés (concentration différente de sel dans les couches d'eau inférieures et supérieures). 1, record 15, French, - bassin%20solaire%20%C3%A0%20gradients%20thermiques%20invers%C3%A9s
Record 15, Spanish
Record 15, Textual support, Spanish
Record 16 - internal organization data 1981-07-27
Record 16, English
Record 16, Subject field(s)
- Aircraft Piloting and Navigation
Record 16, Main entry term, English
Record 16, Abbreviations, English
Record 16, Synonyms, English
Record 16, Textual support, English
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF
A unit of thermal insulation applicable to clothing; originally based on the average indoor clothing of a sedentary worker in average comfortable office conditions. More scientifically, 1 Clo allows 1 Kcal/m²/hr heat flow at a temperature gradient of 0. 18°C. 1, record 16, English, - clo
Record 16, French
Record 16, Domaine(s)
- Pilotage et navigation aérienne
Record 16, Main entry term, French
Record 16, Abbreviations, French
Record 16, Synonyms, French
Record 16, Textual support, French
Record number: 16, Textual support number: 1 DEF
Unité d'isolement thermique applicable au vêtement. Au début, elle était fondée sur la valeur de l'isolement procuré par le vêtement d'intérieur moyen d'un travailleur sédentaire dans des conditions moyennes de confort d'un bureau. Dans un langage plus scientifique, 1 Clo permet un flux de chaleur d'1 Calorie/M²/heure avec un gradient de température de 0,18°C. 1, record 16, French, - clo
Record 16, Key term(s)
- isolement thermique
Record 16, Spanish
Record 16, Textual support, Spanish
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