TERMIUM Plus^®

Record 1,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

In SGMD [sweeping gas membrane distillation],..., inert gas is used to sweep the vapor at the permeate membrane side to condense outside the membrane module. There is a gas barrier, like in AGMD [air gap membrane distillation], to reduce the heat loss; but this is not stationary, which enhances the mass transfer coefficient. This configuration is useful for removing volatile compounds from aqueous solution.  5, record 1, English, - sweep%20gas%20membrane%20distillation

Record 1,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Dans la distillation membranaire à entraînement gazeux ou la sweeping gas membrane distillation ..., la membrane hydrophobe se situe entre l’alimentation en liquide chaud et un vecteur gaz froid et inerte. Dans cette configuration la pression du côté perméat est inférieure à la pression de saturation du liquide. Cette différence de pression permet aux molécules du liquide de s’évaporer à l’interface liquide chaud/membrane et traverser les pores de la membrane à l’état gazeux. Elles sont ensuite emportées par le gaz vecteur froid vers la sortie et condensées à l’extérieur du module membranaire. La SGMD [sweeping gas membrane distillation] a la plus basse polarisation de température parmi toutes les configurations. Le flux de distillat donné par cette configuration est relativement faible.  3, record 1, French, - distillation%20membranaire%20%C3%A0%20entra%C3%AEnement%20gazeux

Record 1,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record number: 1, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Proceso de conducción térmica [basado] en el transporte de moléculas en estado de vapor.  1, record 1, Spanish, - destilaci%C3%B3n%20de%20membrana%20mediante%20gas%20de%20barrido

Record 2,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

convection : The transfer of heat or moisture in a medium by the movement of a mass or substance. When used to imply only upward vertical motion, it is then the opposite of subsidence.  1, record 2, English, - upward%20vertical%20motion

Record 2,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 2, Textual support number: 1 CONT

convection : Transfert de chaleur ou d'humidité dans un milieu causé par le mouvement d'une masse ou d'une substance. Lorsque ce terme est utilisé pour désigner seulement un mouvement vertical ascendant, il s'oppose à «subsidence».  1, record 2, French, - mouvement%20vertical%20ascendant

Record 2,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 3,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A surface regarded as the common boundary between air and water.  3, record 3, English, - air%2Dwater%20interface

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

The interface between air and water exists not only as the boundary between two bulk phases (air/sea), but also as the boundary between dispersed and bulk phases (atmospheric droplet/air). Hence, the study of the thermodynamic properties of compounds at the air-water interface is of special relevance in atmospheric chemistry.  4, record 3, English, - air%2Dwater%20interface

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

Transfer of heat, mass, and momentum across the air-water interface is a result of many physical, chemical, and biological factors that occur at the water surface.  5, record 3, English, - air%2Dwater%20interface

Record 3,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Surface de séparation entre l'air et l'eau.  3, record 3, French, - interface%20air%2Deau

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Le domaine planctonique mal délimité vers le bas où il s'imbrique avec le domaine benthique, et latéralement avec le domaine littoral, s'arrête brusquement à l'interface eau-air.  2, record 3, French, - interface%20air%2Deau

Record number: 3, Textual support number: 2 CONT

L'atmosphère interagit avec l'océan de multiples manières; il influence son contenu biologique et ses caractéristiques physico-chimiques; il provoque directement ou indirectement ses mouvements. Les échanges gazeux à l'interface air-eau de mer concernent aussi bien l'oxygène, le dioxyde de carbone que l'azote.  4, record 3, French, - interface%20air%2Deau

Record 3,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 4,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

The basic physical operations of chemical engineering in a chemical process plant, that is, distillation, fluid transport, heat and mass transfer, evaporation, extraction, drying, crystallization, filtration, mixing, size separation, crushing and grinding, conveying, etc.  1, record 4, English, - unit%20operation

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Immobilization of enzyme in favourable circumstances can lead to the use of a chemical engineering "unit operation" approach to a process involving enzymes.  2, record 4, English, - unit%20operation

Record 4,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Combinaison d'un nombre restreint d'opérations physiques telles que broyage, filtration, distillation, absorption, etc. auxquels tout procédé industriel peut se ramener.  2, record 4, French, - op%C3%A9ration%20unitaire

Record number: 4, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La fermentation terminée, les enzymes doivent être séparées des cellules et du milieu, et traitées de façon à obtenir une préparation commerciale répondant aux critères de pureté et de stabilité souhaités. Ces traitements sont des opérations unitaires simples telles que centrifugation, filtration, évaporation, précipitation, séchage,... Les préparations enzymatiques peuvent être commercialisées sous différentes formes : liquide, concentrée, poudre, lyophilisée, immobilisée, ...  3, record 4, French, - op%C3%A9ration%20unitaire

Record 4,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 5,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A mathematical model based on some presumed molecular or physical mechanisms, i. e., a mono-or bimolecular reaction, or an enzyme-catalyzed reaction, or heat/mass transfer.  1, record 5, English, - mechanistic%20model

Record number: 5, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Kinetic models for microbial survival during food processing.  1, record 5, English, - mechanistic%20model

Record 5,  Textual support,  French

Record 5,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 6,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

A material, especially a coating material, designed to provide thermal protection to a body in a fluid stream through loss of mass.  1, record 6, English, - ablating%20material

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Ablating materials are used on the surfaces of some reentry vehicles to absorb heat by removal of mass, thus blocking the transfer of heat to the rest of the vehicle and maintaining temperatures within design limits. Ablating materials absorb heat by increasing in temperature and changing in chemical or physical state. The heat is carried away from the surface by a loss of mass(liquid or vapor). The departing mass also blocks part of the convective heat transfer to the remaining material in the same manner as transpiration cooling.  1, record 6, English, - ablating%20material

Record 6,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 6, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Matériau spécial recouvrant un astronef et qui peut être sacrifié (entraîné, emporté, évaporé) au cours des opérations de rentrée dans l'atmosphère de la Terre. L'énergie cinétique se dissipe et prévient l'échauffement excessif de la structure principale de l'astronef.  1, record 6, French, - mat%C3%A9riau%20d%27ablation

Record 6,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 7,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Wave propagation in fluid-saturated porous media is a complex phenomenon which occurs in various domains like seismic imaging or petroleum engineering.  2, record 7, English, - fluid%2Dsaturated%20porous%20media

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 2 CONT

SHEMAT [simulator for heat and mass transport] is a reactive transport code... that can address problems of coupled fluid flow, heat transfer, species transport and chemical rock-water interaction in fluid-saturated porous media.  3, record 7, English, - fluid%2Dsaturated%20porous%20media

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 3 CONT

It has been recognized that seismic wave propagation in fluid-saturated porous media is strongly affected by the fluid properties and rock permeability.  4, record 7, English, - fluid%2Dsaturated%20porous%20media

Record 7,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 7, Textual support number: 1 CONT

La propagation d'ondes élastiques dans un milieu poreux saturé de fluide est un phénomène complexe intervenant dans de nombreuses applications comme la prospection d'hydrocarbures.  1, record 7, French, - milieu%20poreux%20satur%C3%A9%20de%20fluide

Record 7,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 8,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Systems Analysis of a Future Semi-Reusable Launcher, Based on a High Thrust Bleed Cycle Rocket Engine. In this paper a high thrust, cryogenic bleed cycle engine, to be used for propulsion of future reusable booster stages(liquid fly back boosters), of an expendable heavy lift launcher, is analyzed. The system configuration remains unchanged, in terms of total available fuel and the number of engines, hereas the variation of the engine parameters result in a change of total system mass and payload capacity. Different arrangements of bleed cycles are being analyzed, and compared with each other. The paper describes a simplified heat transfer model, used in the analysis of the suggested cycles. The thrust chamber design is discussed and a preliminary design of the booster vehicle, including a trajectory analysis, is presented.  3, record 8, English, - semi%2Dreusable%20launcher

Record 8,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 8, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Cinq navettes furent construites [...] pour remplacer Challenger [...] Au départ ce devait être un lanceur récupérable. Mais les coûts exorbitants obligèrent les responsables à le transformer en un lanceur semi-récupérable. Le gros réservoir est devenu un élément ordinaire. Seuls l'orbiteur et les propulseurs auxiliaires sont récupérés.  1, record 8, French, - lanceur%20semi%2Dr%C3%A9cup%C3%A9rable

Record 8,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 9,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Solar Orbital Transfer Vehicle(SOTV) GA is a major subcontractor to Boeing on the SOTV, a space vehicle that can efficiently transport space payloads from Low Earth Orbits(LEO) to Geosynchronous Orbits(GEO) while providing kilowatts of electrical power. A solar concentrator heats a graphite receiver up to temperatures of 2400 K. Heat from the graphite receiver is used to heat thermionic converters, which produce efficient, reliable electrical power. Alternately, hydrogen can be passed through passages within the graphite receiver, expanded out a nozzle and used to produce highly efficient propulsion. The SOTV has the potential to double the delivered payload mass to GEO.  2, record 9, English, - solar%20orbital%20transfer%20vehicle

Record 9,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 9, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Ce véhicule de transfert orbital solaire sera construit par la Société Boeing. Il utilise un grand réflecteur qui focalise les rayons du Soleil sur un bloc de graphite. Chauffé à 2 100 degrés, ce dernier vaporise de l'hydrogène liquide stocké à bord, ce qui engendre une poussée. Le véhicule transfère en quelques semaines des charges utiles des orbites terrestres basses vers des orbites plus hautes. Ce véhicule solaire léger peut mettre des satellites en orbite à l'aide de fusées plus petites que les lanceurs classiques.  1, record 9, French, - v%C3%A9hicule%20de%20transfert%20orbital%20solaire

Record 9,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 10,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Heat and mass transfer between gas and solid particles in transverse bed of aerated rotary kiln incinerator.  1, record 10, English, - gas%20particle

Record 10,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 10, Textual support number: 1 CONT

L'expertise de l'entreprise est principalement dans la conception et la construction de systèmes de nettoyage des gaz acides et le contrôle des particules de gaz chaud dans les industries suivantes : carrières de ciment, chaufferies industrielles etc.  1, record 10, French, - particule%20de%20gaz

Record 10,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 11,  Textual support,  French

Record 11,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 12,  Textual support,  French

Record 12,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 13,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 DEF

Rate of heat removal by a refrigerant in a refrigerating system. This equals the product of the mass rate of refrigerant flow in the system and the difference in specific enthalpies of the refrigerant at two designated points in the system or two designated thermodynamic states of the refrigerant. The term refrigerating effect is used to denote heat transfer to or from the refrigerant itself in a refrigeration system, whereas refrigerating capacity denotes the rate of heat removal from a medium or space to be cooled.  2, record 13, English, - refrigerating%20effect

Record 13,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 13, Textual support number: 1 CONT

Production frigorifique (...) Une machine frigorifique soustrait de la chaleur à une température inférieure à celle du milieu environnant (...) pour rejeter ensuite cette chaleur vers l'extérieur (...) à une température plus élevée. Pour effectuer ce "transport" de chaleur d'un niveau inférieur (...) à un niveau supérieur (...), il faut mettre en jeu un travail sous forme d'énergie ou de chaleur (...)  1, record 13, French, - production%20frigorifique

Record 13,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 14,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

In distillation process, the trays are at different temperatures and their function is the transfer of both mass and heat. At each tray, the rising vapor is warmer than the falling liquid and the tray temperature is somewhere in between. The temperature of the tray is at the boiling point of the liquid on the tray.... Distillation tray efficiencies are a measure of the physical equilibrium attained on the tray between the liquid and the vapors. The efficiencies normally range from 50 to 80%.  1, record 14, English, - distillation%20tray%20efficiency

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 2 OBS

Plate efficiency: This term is used to express the relationship between the performance of an actual plate and a theoretical plate. Many definitions have been given for plate efficiency, but the simplest to use is the overall column efficiency which is the ratio of the number of theoretical plates required for a given separation divided by the actual number of plates needed.  2, record 14, English, - distillation%20tray%20efficiency

Record 14,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 14, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Évaluation de l'efficacité d'un plateau. Efficacité locale : On considère dans une colonne en état de régime stable le plateau de rang n [...] Ce plateau reçoit une vapeur de composition y^n-1.  1, record 14, French, - efficacit%C3%A9%20du%20plateau%20de%20distillation

Record 14,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 15,  Textual support,  English

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

The gases are heated or cooled in "direct contact heat transfer" sections at the bottom of the towers. The trays are termed heat transfer trays because their function is primarily heat transfer, although some mass transfer takes place. If the trays are used to heat the gas, they are called humidifying trays and the section of the tower containing the trays is referred to as humidifier section. Dehumidifying trays and dehumidifier sections apply to gas cooling.  1, record 15, English, - direct%20contact%20heat%20transfer

Record 15,  Textual support,  French

Record number: 15, Textual support number: 1 OBS

Échangeurs de chaleur - On appelle ainsi, d'une manière générale, tout appareil construit et utilisé en vue de transmettre la chaleur d'un corps à un autre, le plus souvent d'un fluide à un autre fluide. [...] D'après le principe de fonctionnement, il y a trois types fondamentaux d'échangeurs de chaleur : - les échangeurs à mélange ou à contacts, dans lesquels les deux fluides sont mis en contact direct; [...] - les échangeurs où l'un des deux fluides est à l'état liquide et l'autre, à l'état gazeux; exemple : un échangeur où la chaleur de l'air comprimé sortant d'un compresseur est transmise à de l'eau froide, avant le passage de cet air, dans un deuxième compresseur, ou dans l'appareil d'utilisation.  2, record 15, French, - transfert%20de%20chaleur%20par%20contact%20direct

Record 15,  Textual support,  Spanish

Record 16,  Textual support,  French

Record 16,  Textual support,  Spanish